Synergistic interplays involving multiple active centers originating from TiO2 nanotube layers(TNT)and ruthenium(Ru)species comprising of both single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)augment the alkaline hydrogen evolu...Synergistic interplays involving multiple active centers originating from TiO2 nanotube layers(TNT)and ruthenium(Ru)species comprising of both single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)augment the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)by enhancing Volmer kinetics from rapid water dissociation and improving Tafel kinetics from efficient H*desorption.Atomic layer deposition of Ru with 50 process cycles results in a mixture of Ru SAs and 2.8-0.4 nm NPs present on TNT layers,and it emerges with the highest HER activity among all the electrodes synthesized.A detailed study of the Ti and Ru species using different high-resolution techniques confirmed the presence of Ti3+states and the coexistence of Ru SAs and NPs.With insights from literature,the role of Ti3+,appropriate work functions of TNT layers and Ru,and the synergistic effect of Ru SAs and Ru NPs in improving the performance of alkaline HER were elaborated and justified.The aforementioned characteristics led to a remarkable performance by having 9mV onset potentials and 33 mV dec-1 of Tafel slopes and a higher turnover frequency of 1.72 H2 s-1 at 30 mV.Besides,a notable stability from 28 h staircase chronopotentiometric measurements for TNT@Ru surpasses TNT@Pt in comparison.展开更多
We report a colloidal process to coat a layer of TiO2onto SiO2composite nanofibers containing embedded CdS and upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs).The SiO2composite nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning.To impro...We report a colloidal process to coat a layer of TiO2onto SiO2composite nanofibers containing embedded CdS and upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs).The SiO2composite nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning.To improve the energy transfer efficiency,UCNPs and CdS nanoparticles were bound in close proximity to each other within the SiO2matrix.β‐NaYF4:Yb(30%),Tm(0.5%)@NaYF4:Yb(20%),Er(2%)core–shell nanoparticles were used as nanotransducers for near infrared light.These nanoparticles exhibited enhanced upconversion fluorescence compared withβ‐NaYF4:Yb(30%),Tm(0.5%)orβ–NaYF4:Yb(30%),Tm(0.5%)@NaYF4nanoparticles.The morphologies,size and chemical compositions have been extensively investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X‐ray diffraction(XRD)and X‐ray photoelectron spectra(XPS),respectively.The TEM images showed that the TiO2composite nanotubes were embedded with a large amount of UCNPs and CdS nanoparticles.The composite TiO2nanotubes degraded more than90%of rhodamine B(RhB)dye during20min of irradiation by simulated solar light.In particular,more than50%of RhB was decomposed in70min,under irradiation of near infrared light(NIR).This high degradation was attributed to the full spectrum absorption of solar light,and the enhanced transfer efficiency for near infrared light.The as‐prepared nanostructures can harness solar energy,and provide an alternative to overcome energy shortages and environmental protection.展开更多
We report the development of a novel visible response BiVO_4/TiO_2(N_2) nanotubes photoanode for photoelectrocatalytic applications. The nitrogen-treated TiO_2 nanotube shows a high carrier concentration rate, thus re...We report the development of a novel visible response BiVO_4/TiO_2(N_2) nanotubes photoanode for photoelectrocatalytic applications. The nitrogen-treated TiO_2 nanotube shows a high carrier concentration rate, thus resulting in a high efficient charge transportation and low electron–hole recombination in the TiO_2–BiVO_4. Therefore, the BiVO_4/TiO_2(N_2) NTs photoanode enabled with a significantly enhanced photocurrent of 2.73 mA cm-2(at 1 V vs. Ag/Ag Cl) and a degradation efficiency in the oxidation of dyes under visible light. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, and UV–Vis absorption spectrum were conducted to characterize the photoanode and demonstrated the presence of both metal oxides as a junction composite.展开更多
The process, that the polycrystalline TiO2 powders were converted into TiO2 nanotubes, was observed with transmission electron microscope. The results obtained indicated that in concentrated NaOH aqueous solution, ani...The process, that the polycrystalline TiO2 powders were converted into TiO2 nanotubes, was observed with transmission electron microscope. The results obtained indicated that in concentrated NaOH aqueous solution, anisotropic swelling appears on the polycrystalline TiO2 granula at first, and then the nanotubes are formed.展开更多
TiO_2 nanotubes(TNTs) have drawn tremendous attention owing to their unique architectural and physical properties. Anodizing of titanium foil has proven to be the most efficient method to fabricate well-aligned TNTs,w...TiO_2 nanotubes(TNTs) have drawn tremendous attention owing to their unique architectural and physical properties. Anodizing of titanium foil has proven to be the most efficient method to fabricate well-aligned TNTs,which, however, usually produces amorphous TNTs and needs further thermal annealing. Recently, a water-assisted crystallization strategy has been proposed and investigated by both science and engineering communities. This method is very efficient and energy saving, and it circumvents the drawbacks of thermal sintering approach. In this paper, we review the recent research progress in this kind of lowtemperature crystallization approach. Here, various synthetic methods are summarized, and the mechanisms of the amorphous–crystalline transformation are analyzed. The fundamental properties and applications of the low-temperature products are also discussed. Furthermore, it is proved that the water-assisted crystallization approach is not only applicable to TNTs but also to crystallizing other metal oxides.展开更多
Polyaniline (PANI) composite nanotubes (90-130 nm in diameter) containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (about 10 nm in diameter) were synthesized through a self-assembly process in the presence of a-n...Polyaniline (PANI) composite nanotubes (90-130 nm in diameter) containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (about 10 nm in diameter) were synthesized through a self-assembly process in the presence of a-naphthalenesulfonic acid (a-NSA) as the dopant. It was found that PANI-TiO2 composites and PANI nanotubes both behaved with significant photocatalytic activities towards AZO dyes, during 2 h photocatalytic processes under natural light, the degradation ratio was 94.2% and 97.2% respectively (methyl orange and orange II). The morphology of such products was characterized by SEM. The specific surface area of such composite nanotubes was 14.7 m2/g compared to normal polyaniline which was 0.27 m2/g. IR and X-ray diffraction characterizations showed that the chemical chain of the composite nanotubes was identical to that of the doped PANI. It may provide a new way for photodegradation of organic contaminants by using conjugated polymer with dimensional structure.展开更多
IrO2 and IrRuOx(Ir:Ru 60:40 at%),supported by 50 wt%onto titania nanotubes(TNTs)and(3 at%Nb)Nb-doped titania nanotubes(Nb-TNTs),as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),were synthesized and character...IrO2 and IrRuOx(Ir:Ru 60:40 at%),supported by 50 wt%onto titania nanotubes(TNTs)and(3 at%Nb)Nb-doped titania nanotubes(Nb-TNTs),as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),were synthesized and characterized by means of structural,surface analytical and electrochemical techniques.Nb doping of titania significantly increased the surface area of the support from 145(TNTs)to 260 m2g-1(Nb-TNTs),which was significantly higher than those of the Nb-doped titania supports previously reported in the literature.The surface analytical techniques showed good dispersion of the catalysts onto the supports.The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses showed that Nb was mainly in the form of Nb(IV)species,the suitable form to behave as a donor introducing free electrons to the conduction band of titania.The redox transitions of the cyclic voltammograms,in agreement with the XPS results,were found to be reversible.Despite the supported materials presented bigger crystallite sizes than the unsupported ones,the total number of active sites of the former was also higher due to their better catalyst dispersion.Considering the outer and the total charges of the cyclic voltammograms in the range 0.1–1.4 V,stability and electrode potentials at given current densities,the preferred catalyst was Ir O2 supported on the Nb-TNTs.The electrode potentials corresponding to given current densities were between the smallest ones given in the literature despite the small oxide loading used in this work and its Nb doping,thus making the Nb-TNTs-supported IrO2 catalyst a promising candidate for the OER.The good dispersion of IrO2,high specific surface area of the Nb-doped supports,accessibility of the electroactive centers,increased stability due to Nb doping and electron donor properties of the Nb(IV)oxide species were considered the main reasons for its good performance.展开更多
TiO2 nanotubes(NT)has been demonstrated its potential in orthopaedic applications due to its enhanced surface wettability and bio-osteointegration.However,the fretting biocorrosion is the main concern that limited its...TiO2 nanotubes(NT)has been demonstrated its potential in orthopaedic applications due to its enhanced surface wettability and bio-osteointegration.However,the fretting biocorrosion is the main concern that limited its successfully application in orthopaedic application.In this study,a structure optimised thin TiO2 nanotube(SONT)layer was successfully created on Ti6Al4V bone screw,and its fretting corrosion performance was investigated and compared to the pristine Ti6Al4V bone screws and NT decorated screw in a bone-screw fretting simulation rig.The results have shown that the debonding TiO2 nanotube from the bone screw reduced significantly,as a result of structure optimisation.The SONT layer also exhibited enhanced bio-corrosion resistance compared pristine bone screw and conventionally NT modified bone screw.It is postulated that interfacial layer between TiO2 nanotube and Ti6Al4V substrate,generated during structure optimisation process,enhanced bonding of TiO2 nanotube layer to the Ti6Al4V bone screws that leading to the improvement in fretting corrosion resistance.The results highlighted the potential SONT in orthopaedic application as bone fracture fixation devices.展开更多
The platinum nanoparticles supported on self-organized TiO2 nanotubes(Pt-TiO2/Ti)were prepared using electrochemical anodic oxidation followed by cathodic reduction.The structure and chemical nature of the Pt-TiO2/Ti ...The platinum nanoparticles supported on self-organized TiO2 nanotubes(Pt-TiO2/Ti)were prepared using electrochemical anodic oxidation followed by cathodic reduction.The structure and chemical nature of the Pt-TiO2/Ti electrocatalyst were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Both XRD and SEM results indicate the presence of platinum on nanotubular TiO2.The stability of the Pt deposits was also investigated in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution by cyclic voltammetry.The electrocatalytic activity of the Pt-TiO2/Ti catalyst exhibits enhancement effect during electro-oxidation of methanol when annealed to anatase.Successive cyclic voltam-mograms of methanol oxidation on the Pt-TiO2/Ti electrocatalyst shows unique electrocatalytic characteristics when compared to methanol oxidation on the bulk Pt catalyst.This is because of further quick oxidation of adsorbed CO by Pt(111)facets of Pt particles on self-organized TiO2 nanotubes when the formation of an electroactive film onto the working catalyst surface occurs.展开更多
A combination of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and titanium (Ti) modified with TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) was fulfilled with the aim of improving bioactivity of Ti implant.First,well-ordered TiO2 NTs were prepared by t...A combination of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and titanium (Ti) modified with TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) was fulfilled with the aim of improving bioactivity of Ti implant.First,well-ordered TiO2 NTs were prepared by the electrochemical anodization of Ti in an ethylene glycol electrolyte containing 1 wt% NH4F and 10 wt% H2O at 20 V for 50 min,followed by annealing.Then,the carboxylated CNTs were coated onto the TiO2 NTs using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique.The growth of hydroxyapatite (HA) on the samples was investigated by soaking them in simulated body fluid (SBF).The result showed the CNTs-coated Ti with the modification of TiO2 NTs (CNTs-TiO2 NTs) was more efficient to induce HA formation than the CNTs-coated smooth Ti (CNTs-Ti).The vitro cell response was evaluated using osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1).The good cell proliferation and strong cell adhesion could be obtained on the CNTs-TiO2 NTs.These results indicated that CNT coating on the Ti modified with TiO2 NTs could be potentially useful for the periodontal ligament combination on dental implants.展开更多
A novel method was developed for the sensitive determination of nickel in environmental water samples by using TiO2 nanotubes, a new nanomaterial, as solid phase extraction absorbent. In general, TiO2 nanomaterials we...A novel method was developed for the sensitive determination of nickel in environmental water samples by using TiO2 nanotubes, a new nanomaterial, as solid phase extraction absorbent. In general, TiO2 nanomaterials were often used for catalytic degradation of pollutants in environmental field, and only a very few application in environmental analytic chemistry. In present work, TiO2 nanotubes was firstly used for the enrichment of nickel and the factors would influence the preconcentration performance were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, TiO2 nanotubes exhibited its good enrichment capacity for nickel and the detection limit of the proposed method was 1 ng· mL^-1. The proposed method was validated with real water samples, and excellent results were obtained with the spiked recoveries in the range of 94.4-99.2%, respectively.展开更多
The influence of calcination temperature on TiO2 nanotubes' catalysis for TiO2/UV/03 was investigated. TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) were prepared via the sol-gel method and calcined at 300--700 ℃, which were labeled as T...The influence of calcination temperature on TiO2 nanotubes' catalysis for TiO2/UV/03 was investigated. TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) were prepared via the sol-gel method and calcined at 300--700 ℃, which were labeled as TNTs-300, TNTs-400, TNTs-500, TNTs-600 and TNTs-700, respectively. TNTs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It is found that TNTs calcined at 400 ℃ showed the best thermal stability. When the calcination temperature increased from 400 ℃ to 700 ℃, the special structure of tubes was destroyed and gradually converted into nanorods and/or particles. The transformation from anatase to rutile occurred at 600 ℃, and the rutile phase was enhanced when the calcination temperature was increased to over 600 ℃. The calcina- tion temperature's influence on TNTs' adsorption activity for for TiO2/UV/O3 was investigated in landfill leachate solution chemical oxygen demand (COD) and catalytic activity In landfill leachate solution, the adsorption activity of COD decreased in the reduced order of TNTs-300, TNTs-400, TNTs-500, TNTs-600 and TNTs-700. In photocatalytic ozonation, TNTs-400 showed the best catalytic activity while TNTs-700 exhibited the worst. In other three processes, the COD removal of TNTs-300/UV/O3 was higher than those of TNTs-500/UV/O3 and TNTs-600/UV/O3 in the first 20 rain, and then became close to those of the latter two in the following 40 rain. Compared with TNTs-300 and TNTs- 400, TNTs-600 had the best anti-fouling activity, while TNTs-500 and TNTs-700 had lower anti-fouling activity than the former three. In photocatalytic ozonation, the calcination temperature of 400 ℃ was appropriate when TNTs were obtained at the synthesis temperature of 105 ℃.展开更多
Pt-TiO2 nanotubes with tube diameter of -120 nm and uniformly dispersed Pt particles(size of -2 nm) were successfully synthesized via a carbon nanotube(CNT) templating method followed by a photo-deposition process...Pt-TiO2 nanotubes with tube diameter of -120 nm and uniformly dispersed Pt particles(size of -2 nm) were successfully synthesized via a carbon nanotube(CNT) templating method followed by a photo-deposition processing of Pt nanoparticles. The as-obtained Pt-TiO2 NTs possess both enhanced visible light absorption and reduced recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. These merits boost the Pt-TiO2 NTs an excellent photocatalytic material toward photooxidation of a variety of low molecular hydrocarbons under atmospheric environment.展开更多
A novel titanium dioxide (TiO2) film comprising both nanotubes and nanopaticles was fabricated by an anodization process of the modified titanium. The local electric field at the anodized surface was simulated and i...A novel titanium dioxide (TiO2) film comprising both nanotubes and nanopaticles was fabricated by an anodization process of the modified titanium. The local electric field at the anodized surface was simulated and its influence on the morphology of the TiO2 film was discussed. The results show that the electric field strength is enhanced by the covering. The growth rate of TiO2 increases with the assist of the local electric field. However, TiO2 dissolution is hindered since the local electric field prevents [TiF6]6- from diffusing. It means that the balance condition for the formation of nanotubes is broken, and TiO2 nanoparticles are formed. Moreover, the crystal structure of the TiO2 film was confirmed using X-ray diffraction and Raman analysis. The anatase is a main phase for the proposed film.展开更多
The detection on tetracycline( TC) in drinking water poses an environmental issue since TC has been widely used to prevent animal disease and promote their growth. In addition,TC was difficult to remove or biodegrade,...The detection on tetracycline( TC) in drinking water poses an environmental issue since TC has been widely used to prevent animal disease and promote their growth. In addition,TC was difficult to remove or biodegrade,which posed a challenge to the conventional techniques. In this work,the batch experiments on TC adsorption in aqueous solution of hydrogel( HG) consisting of graphene oxide( GO) and TiO_2 nanotubes( TN) were successfully conducted. HG composite( HG-TN-GO) was prepared with TN and GO with self-assembly method during the oxidation-reduction reaction,and criogel( CG) with TN and GO was characterized by pH at point of zero charge( pHpzc), transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy( XPS). The adsorption capacity of HG-TN-GO on TC was evaluated by analyzing its isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity reached 751. 3 mg/g. Besides,the adsorption isotherms were well fitted by the Langmuir model, with the theoretical maximum( q_m) of 797. 0 mg/g. The adsorption process was systematically studied by varying pH during the whole adsorption process. The adsorption occurred probably via π-π interaction and cation-π bonding between TC and the HG-TN-GO surface. The composite could be regenerated in 50% ethanol aqueous solution,without significant capacity loss. After 6 recycles,the decrease of adsorption capacity was less than 10%.展开更多
A novel catalyst,TiO2 nanotubes(TiO2 NTs)composite decorated by CuO and CeO2 particles,was prepared by a simple and cost-effective method.The TiO2 NTs were fabricated by the hydrothermal method,and CuO and CeO2 partic...A novel catalyst,TiO2 nanotubes(TiO2 NTs)composite decorated by CuO and CeO2 particles,was prepared by a simple and cost-effective method.The TiO2 NTs were fabricated by the hydrothermal method,and CuO and CeO2 particles loaded onto TiO2 NTs(CuO/CeO2@TiO2 NTs)were prepared by the water bath heating method.The CuO/CeO2@TiO2 NTs were investigated and characterized by transmission electron microscope(TEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS),photoluminescence(PL),X-ray diffractometer(XRD)and ultraviolet-visible light diffuse reflectance spectrum(UV-Vis DRS).Both the p-n heterojunction formed at the p-CuO and n-TiO2 interfaces and the highly induced electron transfer of CeO2 can greatly promote the separation of electrons-holes.Therefore,CuO/CeO2@TiO2 NTs show enhanced absorption and have potential applications in photocatalysis.展开更多
Two-dimensional (2D) ultrathin MoS2-modified black Ti^3+-TiO2 nanotubes were fabricated using an electrospinning-hydrothermal treatment-reduction method.Bare TiO2 nanotubes were fabricated via electrospinning.Then,2D ...Two-dimensional (2D) ultrathin MoS2-modified black Ti^3+-TiO2 nanotubes were fabricated using an electrospinning-hydrothermal treatment-reduction method.Bare TiO2 nanotubes were fabricated via electrospinning.Then,2D MoS2 lamellae were grown on the surface of the nanotubes and Ti^3+/Ov ions were introduced by reduction.The photocatalytic performance of the 2D MoS2/Ti^3+-TiO2 nanotubes was^15 times better than that of TiO2.The HER enhancement of the MoS2/Ti^3+-TiO2 nanotubes can be attributed to the Pt-like behavior of 2D MoS2 and the presence of Ti^3+-ions,which facilitated the quick diffusion of the photogenerated electrons to water,reducing the H2 activation barrier.The presence of Ov ions in the nanotubes and their hollow structure increased their solar utilization.展开更多
A layer of graphene(GR)particles was successfully deposited at the interface between Co(OH)2 nanoparticles and TiO2 nanotubes,aiming to improve the photoelectrochemical performance of the large-bandgap semiconductor T...A layer of graphene(GR)particles was successfully deposited at the interface between Co(OH)2 nanoparticles and TiO2 nanotubes,aiming to improve the photoelectrochemical performance of the large-bandgap semiconductor TiO2.The obtained Co(OH)2/GR/TiO2 was extensively characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),UV–vis absorption spectra and photoluminescence(PL)emission spectra.Electrochemical impedance spectra,photogenerated potential-time(E-t),photocurrent density-time(i-t)and i-E curves and open circuit potential(OCP)curves were measured to investigate the photoelectrochemical activities and photogenerated cathodic protection properties.The results revealed that Co(OH)2/GR/TiO2 exhibits excellent photoelectrochemical and photogenerated cathodic performance due to synergistic effect between Co(OH)2 and graphene.Co(OH)2 and graphene co-modified TiO2 photoanode could provide an effective protection for 304 stainless steel(304 SS)in 3.5 wt%Na Cl solution for 12 h,which would be promising for future practical applications in the field of marine corrosion protection.展开更多
Controllable synthesis of insertion-type anode materials with beneficial micro-and nanostructures is a promising approach for the synthesis of sodium-ion storage devices with high-reactivity and excellent electrochemi...Controllable synthesis of insertion-type anode materials with beneficial micro-and nanostructures is a promising approach for the synthesis of sodium-ion storage devices with high-reactivity and excellent electrochemical performance.In this study,we developed a sacrificial-templating route to synthesize TiO2@N-doped carbon nanotubes(TiO2@NC-NTs)with excellent electrochemical performance.The asprepared mesoporous TiO2@NC-NTs with tiny nanocrystals of anatase TiO2 wrapped in N-doped carbon layers showed a well-defined tube structure with a large specific surface area of 198 m2 g-1 and a large pore size of~5 nm.The TiO2@NC-NTs delivered high reversible capacities of 158 m A h g-1 at 2 C(1 C=335 m A g-1)for 2200 cycles and 146 m A h g-1 at 5 C for 4000 cycles,as well as an ultrahigh rate capability of up to 40 C with a capacity of 98 m A h g-1.Even at a high current density of 10 C,a capacity of 138 m A h g-1 could be delivered over 10,000 cycles.Thus,the synthesis of mesoporous TiO2@NC-NTs was demonstrated to be an efficient approach for developing electrode materials with high sodium storage and long cycle life.展开更多
基金support from the European Union Horizon 2020 program(project HERMES,nr.952184)the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic for supporting CEMNAT(LM2023037)+1 种基金Czech-NanoLab(LM2023051)infrastructures for providing ALD,SEM,EDX,XPS,TEM,and XRDCzech Science Foundation(project 23-08019X,EXPRO).
摘要Synergistic interplays involving multiple active centers originating from TiO2 nanotube layers(TNT)and ruthenium(Ru)species comprising of both single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)augment the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)by enhancing Volmer kinetics from rapid water dissociation and improving Tafel kinetics from efficient H*desorption.Atomic layer deposition of Ru with 50 process cycles results in a mixture of Ru SAs and 2.8-0.4 nm NPs present on TNT layers,and it emerges with the highest HER activity among all the electrodes synthesized.A detailed study of the Ti and Ru species using different high-resolution techniques confirmed the presence of Ti3+states and the coexistence of Ru SAs and NPs.With insights from literature,the role of Ti3+,appropriate work functions of TNT layers and Ru,and the synergistic effect of Ru SAs and Ru NPs in improving the performance of alkaline HER were elaborated and justified.The aforementioned characteristics led to a remarkable performance by having 9mV onset potentials and 33 mV dec-1 of Tafel slopes and a higher turnover frequency of 1.72 H2 s-1 at 30 mV.Besides,a notable stability from 28 h staircase chronopotentiometric measurements for TNT@Ru surpasses TNT@Pt in comparison.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21471043,21304028,51403195,31501576)~~
摘要We report a colloidal process to coat a layer of TiO2onto SiO2composite nanofibers containing embedded CdS and upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs).The SiO2composite nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning.To improve the energy transfer efficiency,UCNPs and CdS nanoparticles were bound in close proximity to each other within the SiO2matrix.β‐NaYF4:Yb(30%),Tm(0.5%)@NaYF4:Yb(20%),Er(2%)core–shell nanoparticles were used as nanotransducers for near infrared light.These nanoparticles exhibited enhanced upconversion fluorescence compared withβ‐NaYF4:Yb(30%),Tm(0.5%)orβ–NaYF4:Yb(30%),Tm(0.5%)@NaYF4nanoparticles.The morphologies,size and chemical compositions have been extensively investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X‐ray diffraction(XRD)and X‐ray photoelectron spectra(XPS),respectively.The TEM images showed that the TiO2composite nanotubes were embedded with a large amount of UCNPs and CdS nanoparticles.The composite TiO2nanotubes degraded more than90%of rhodamine B(RhB)dye during20min of irradiation by simulated solar light.In particular,more than50%of RhB was decomposed in70min,under irradiation of near infrared light(NIR).This high degradation was attributed to the full spectrum absorption of solar light,and the enhanced transfer efficiency for near infrared light.The as‐prepared nanostructures can harness solar energy,and provide an alternative to overcome energy shortages and environmental protection.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(21507085,21576162)Shanghai Sailing Program of China(14YF1401500)for financial support
摘要We report the development of a novel visible response BiVO_4/TiO_2(N_2) nanotubes photoanode for photoelectrocatalytic applications. The nitrogen-treated TiO_2 nanotube shows a high carrier concentration rate, thus resulting in a high efficient charge transportation and low electron–hole recombination in the TiO_2–BiVO_4. Therefore, the BiVO_4/TiO_2(N_2) NTs photoanode enabled with a significantly enhanced photocurrent of 2.73 mA cm-2(at 1 V vs. Ag/Ag Cl) and a degradation efficiency in the oxidation of dyes under visible light. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, and UV–Vis absorption spectrum were conducted to characterize the photoanode and demonstrated the presence of both metal oxides as a junction composite.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20071010).
摘要The process, that the polycrystalline TiO2 powders were converted into TiO2 nanotubes, was observed with transmission electron microscope. The results obtained indicated that in concentrated NaOH aqueous solution, anisotropic swelling appears on the polycrystalline TiO2 granula at first, and then the nanotubes are formed.
基金financially supported by the National R&D Program of China under No.2017YFA0207400National Key Research and Development Plan under No.2016YFA0300801National Natural Science Foundation of China under Nos.51502033,61571079,61131005 and 51572042
摘要TiO_2 nanotubes(TNTs) have drawn tremendous attention owing to their unique architectural and physical properties. Anodizing of titanium foil has proven to be the most efficient method to fabricate well-aligned TNTs,which, however, usually produces amorphous TNTs and needs further thermal annealing. Recently, a water-assisted crystallization strategy has been proposed and investigated by both science and engineering communities. This method is very efficient and energy saving, and it circumvents the drawbacks of thermal sintering approach. In this paper, we review the recent research progress in this kind of lowtemperature crystallization approach. Here, various synthetic methods are summarized, and the mechanisms of the amorphous–crystalline transformation are analyzed. The fundamental properties and applications of the low-temperature products are also discussed. Furthermore, it is proved that the water-assisted crystallization approach is not only applicable to TNTs but also to crystallizing other metal oxides.
基金Funded in Part by the Research Fund of Hubei Provincial Department of Education,China(No.Q20121102)
摘要Polyaniline (PANI) composite nanotubes (90-130 nm in diameter) containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (about 10 nm in diameter) were synthesized through a self-assembly process in the presence of a-naphthalenesulfonic acid (a-NSA) as the dopant. It was found that PANI-TiO2 composites and PANI nanotubes both behaved with significant photocatalytic activities towards AZO dyes, during 2 h photocatalytic processes under natural light, the degradation ratio was 94.2% and 97.2% respectively (methyl orange and orange II). The morphology of such products was characterized by SEM. The specific surface area of such composite nanotubes was 14.7 m2/g compared to normal polyaniline which was 0.27 m2/g. IR and X-ray diffraction characterizations showed that the chemical chain of the composite nanotubes was identical to that of the doped PANI. It may provide a new way for photodegradation of organic contaminants by using conjugated polymer with dimensional structure.
摘要IrO2 and IrRuOx(Ir:Ru 60:40 at%),supported by 50 wt%onto titania nanotubes(TNTs)and(3 at%Nb)Nb-doped titania nanotubes(Nb-TNTs),as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),were synthesized and characterized by means of structural,surface analytical and electrochemical techniques.Nb doping of titania significantly increased the surface area of the support from 145(TNTs)to 260 m2g-1(Nb-TNTs),which was significantly higher than those of the Nb-doped titania supports previously reported in the literature.The surface analytical techniques showed good dispersion of the catalysts onto the supports.The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses showed that Nb was mainly in the form of Nb(IV)species,the suitable form to behave as a donor introducing free electrons to the conduction band of titania.The redox transitions of the cyclic voltammograms,in agreement with the XPS results,were found to be reversible.Despite the supported materials presented bigger crystallite sizes than the unsupported ones,the total number of active sites of the former was also higher due to their better catalyst dispersion.Considering the outer and the total charges of the cyclic voltammograms in the range 0.1–1.4 V,stability and electrode potentials at given current densities,the preferred catalyst was Ir O2 supported on the Nb-TNTs.The electrode potentials corresponding to given current densities were between the smallest ones given in the literature despite the small oxide loading used in this work and its Nb doping,thus making the Nb-TNTs-supported IrO2 catalyst a promising candidate for the OER.The good dispersion of IrO2,high specific surface area of the Nb-doped supports,accessibility of the electroactive centers,increased stability due to Nb doping and electron donor properties of the Nb(IV)oxide species were considered the main reasons for its good performance.
基金financially supported by the European Union via the H2020-MSCA-RISE-2016 program(BAMOS Project,734156)Royal Society via the International Exchange Program(IE161349)+2 种基金Key Research Project from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1100401)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51705507)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2017QNRC0181)。
摘要TiO2 nanotubes(NT)has been demonstrated its potential in orthopaedic applications due to its enhanced surface wettability and bio-osteointegration.However,the fretting biocorrosion is the main concern that limited its successfully application in orthopaedic application.In this study,a structure optimised thin TiO2 nanotube(SONT)layer was successfully created on Ti6Al4V bone screw,and its fretting corrosion performance was investigated and compared to the pristine Ti6Al4V bone screws and NT decorated screw in a bone-screw fretting simulation rig.The results have shown that the debonding TiO2 nanotube from the bone screw reduced significantly,as a result of structure optimisation.The SONT layer also exhibited enhanced bio-corrosion resistance compared pristine bone screw and conventionally NT modified bone screw.It is postulated that interfacial layer between TiO2 nanotube and Ti6Al4V substrate,generated during structure optimisation process,enhanced bonding of TiO2 nanotube layer to the Ti6Al4V bone screws that leading to the improvement in fretting corrosion resistance.The results highlighted the potential SONT in orthopaedic application as bone fracture fixation devices.
基金the 11th Five-Year Supporting Programs of Science and Technology(No.2006BAD04A12)
摘要The platinum nanoparticles supported on self-organized TiO2 nanotubes(Pt-TiO2/Ti)were prepared using electrochemical anodic oxidation followed by cathodic reduction.The structure and chemical nature of the Pt-TiO2/Ti electrocatalyst were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Both XRD and SEM results indicate the presence of platinum on nanotubular TiO2.The stability of the Pt deposits was also investigated in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution by cyclic voltammetry.The electrocatalytic activity of the Pt-TiO2/Ti catalyst exhibits enhancement effect during electro-oxidation of methanol when annealed to anatase.Successive cyclic voltam-mograms of methanol oxidation on the Pt-TiO2/Ti electrocatalyst shows unique electrocatalytic characteristics when compared to methanol oxidation on the bulk Pt catalyst.This is because of further quick oxidation of adsorbed CO by Pt(111)facets of Pt particles on self-organized TiO2 nanotubes when the formation of an electroactive film onto the working catalyst surface occurs.
基金Funded by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy (MKE) of Korea(No.2010-H-004-00020000-2010)the Ministry of Education of Korea(No.2010-0023901)
摘要A combination of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and titanium (Ti) modified with TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) was fulfilled with the aim of improving bioactivity of Ti implant.First,well-ordered TiO2 NTs were prepared by the electrochemical anodization of Ti in an ethylene glycol electrolyte containing 1 wt% NH4F and 10 wt% H2O at 20 V for 50 min,followed by annealing.Then,the carboxylated CNTs were coated onto the TiO2 NTs using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique.The growth of hydroxyapatite (HA) on the samples was investigated by soaking them in simulated body fluid (SBF).The result showed the CNTs-coated Ti with the modification of TiO2 NTs (CNTs-TiO2 NTs) was more efficient to induce HA formation than the CNTs-coated smooth Ti (CNTs-Ti).The vitro cell response was evaluated using osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1).The good cell proliferation and strong cell adhesion could be obtained on the CNTs-TiO2 NTs.These results indicated that CNT coating on the Ti modified with TiO2 NTs could be potentially useful for the periodontal ligament combination on dental implants.
基金the Creative Talented Person's Fund of Henan Province (No.[2005]126)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.072300460010)+1 种基金the Fund of Henan Normal University (No.2006PL06)the grants from the Henan Key Laboratory for environmental pollution control.
摘要A novel method was developed for the sensitive determination of nickel in environmental water samples by using TiO2 nanotubes, a new nanomaterial, as solid phase extraction absorbent. In general, TiO2 nanomaterials were often used for catalytic degradation of pollutants in environmental field, and only a very few application in environmental analytic chemistry. In present work, TiO2 nanotubes was firstly used for the enrichment of nickel and the factors would influence the preconcentration performance were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, TiO2 nanotubes exhibited its good enrichment capacity for nickel and the detection limit of the proposed method was 1 ng· mL^-1. The proposed method was validated with real water samples, and excellent results were obtained with the spiked recoveries in the range of 94.4-99.2%, respectively.
基金Supported by Tianjin Science and Technology Development Plan Project (No.06YFGZSH06700)
摘要The influence of calcination temperature on TiO2 nanotubes' catalysis for TiO2/UV/03 was investigated. TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) were prepared via the sol-gel method and calcined at 300--700 ℃, which were labeled as TNTs-300, TNTs-400, TNTs-500, TNTs-600 and TNTs-700, respectively. TNTs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It is found that TNTs calcined at 400 ℃ showed the best thermal stability. When the calcination temperature increased from 400 ℃ to 700 ℃, the special structure of tubes was destroyed and gradually converted into nanorods and/or particles. The transformation from anatase to rutile occurred at 600 ℃, and the rutile phase was enhanced when the calcination temperature was increased to over 600 ℃. The calcina- tion temperature's influence on TNTs' adsorption activity for for TiO2/UV/O3 was investigated in landfill leachate solution chemical oxygen demand (COD) and catalytic activity In landfill leachate solution, the adsorption activity of COD decreased in the reduced order of TNTs-300, TNTs-400, TNTs-500, TNTs-600 and TNTs-700. In photocatalytic ozonation, TNTs-400 showed the best catalytic activity while TNTs-700 exhibited the worst. In other three processes, the COD removal of TNTs-300/UV/O3 was higher than those of TNTs-500/UV/O3 and TNTs-600/UV/O3 in the first 20 rain, and then became close to those of the latter two in the following 40 rain. Compared with TNTs-300 and TNTs- 400, TNTs-600 had the best anti-fouling activity, while TNTs-500 and TNTs-700 had lower anti-fouling activity than the former three. In photocatalytic ozonation, the calcination temperature of 400 ℃ was appropriate when TNTs were obtained at the synthesis temperature of 105 ℃.
基金financially supported by the National Key Project on Basic Research(No.2013CB933203)the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21373224 and 21577143)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Nos.2014H0054 and 2015J0544)the One Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
摘要Pt-TiO2 nanotubes with tube diameter of -120 nm and uniformly dispersed Pt particles(size of -2 nm) were successfully synthesized via a carbon nanotube(CNT) templating method followed by a photo-deposition processing of Pt nanoparticles. The as-obtained Pt-TiO2 NTs possess both enhanced visible light absorption and reduced recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. These merits boost the Pt-TiO2 NTs an excellent photocatalytic material toward photooxidation of a variety of low molecular hydrocarbons under atmospheric environment.
摘要A novel titanium dioxide (TiO2) film comprising both nanotubes and nanopaticles was fabricated by an anodization process of the modified titanium. The local electric field at the anodized surface was simulated and its influence on the morphology of the TiO2 film was discussed. The results show that the electric field strength is enhanced by the covering. The growth rate of TiO2 increases with the assist of the local electric field. However, TiO2 dissolution is hindered since the local electric field prevents [TiF6]6- from diffusing. It means that the balance condition for the formation of nanotubes is broken, and TiO2 nanoparticles are formed. Moreover, the crystal structure of the TiO2 film was confirmed using X-ray diffraction and Raman analysis. The anatase is a main phase for the proposed film.
基金Environmental Engineering,Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51522805)Innovation Foundation of Nanjing Institute of Technology,China(No.CKJB201410)
摘要The detection on tetracycline( TC) in drinking water poses an environmental issue since TC has been widely used to prevent animal disease and promote their growth. In addition,TC was difficult to remove or biodegrade,which posed a challenge to the conventional techniques. In this work,the batch experiments on TC adsorption in aqueous solution of hydrogel( HG) consisting of graphene oxide( GO) and TiO_2 nanotubes( TN) were successfully conducted. HG composite( HG-TN-GO) was prepared with TN and GO with self-assembly method during the oxidation-reduction reaction,and criogel( CG) with TN and GO was characterized by pH at point of zero charge( pHpzc), transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy( XPS). The adsorption capacity of HG-TN-GO on TC was evaluated by analyzing its isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity reached 751. 3 mg/g. Besides,the adsorption isotherms were well fitted by the Langmuir model, with the theoretical maximum( q_m) of 797. 0 mg/g. The adsorption process was systematically studied by varying pH during the whole adsorption process. The adsorption occurred probably via π-π interaction and cation-π bonding between TC and the HG-TN-GO surface. The composite could be regenerated in 50% ethanol aqueous solution,without significant capacity loss. After 6 recycles,the decrease of adsorption capacity was less than 10%.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11372205)
摘要A novel catalyst,TiO2 nanotubes(TiO2 NTs)composite decorated by CuO and CeO2 particles,was prepared by a simple and cost-effective method.The TiO2 NTs were fabricated by the hydrothermal method,and CuO and CeO2 particles loaded onto TiO2 NTs(CuO/CeO2@TiO2 NTs)were prepared by the water bath heating method.The CuO/CeO2@TiO2 NTs were investigated and characterized by transmission electron microscope(TEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS),photoluminescence(PL),X-ray diffractometer(XRD)and ultraviolet-visible light diffuse reflectance spectrum(UV-Vis DRS).Both the p-n heterojunction formed at the p-CuO and n-TiO2 interfaces and the highly induced electron transfer of CeO2 can greatly promote the separation of electrons-holes.Therefore,CuO/CeO2@TiO2 NTs show enhanced absorption and have potential applications in photocatalysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51672249,51802282,and 11804301)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.LQ17F040004 and LY17E020001)Fundamental Research Funds of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(No.2019Q062)。
摘要Two-dimensional (2D) ultrathin MoS2-modified black Ti^3+-TiO2 nanotubes were fabricated using an electrospinning-hydrothermal treatment-reduction method.Bare TiO2 nanotubes were fabricated via electrospinning.Then,2D MoS2 lamellae were grown on the surface of the nanotubes and Ti^3+/Ov ions were introduced by reduction.The photocatalytic performance of the 2D MoS2/Ti^3+-TiO2 nanotubes was^15 times better than that of TiO2.The HER enhancement of the MoS2/Ti^3+-TiO2 nanotubes can be attributed to the Pt-like behavior of 2D MoS2 and the presence of Ti^3+-ions,which facilitated the quick diffusion of the photogenerated electrons to water,reducing the H2 activation barrier.The presence of Ov ions in the nanotubes and their hollow structure increased their solar utilization.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51622106 and 51871049)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.160708001).
摘要A layer of graphene(GR)particles was successfully deposited at the interface between Co(OH)2 nanoparticles and TiO2 nanotubes,aiming to improve the photoelectrochemical performance of the large-bandgap semiconductor TiO2.The obtained Co(OH)2/GR/TiO2 was extensively characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),UV–vis absorption spectra and photoluminescence(PL)emission spectra.Electrochemical impedance spectra,photogenerated potential-time(E-t),photocurrent density-time(i-t)and i-E curves and open circuit potential(OCP)curves were measured to investigate the photoelectrochemical activities and photogenerated cathodic protection properties.The results revealed that Co(OH)2/GR/TiO2 exhibits excellent photoelectrochemical and photogenerated cathodic performance due to synergistic effect between Co(OH)2 and graphene.Co(OH)2 and graphene co-modified TiO2 photoanode could provide an effective protection for 304 stainless steel(304 SS)in 3.5 wt%Na Cl solution for 12 h,which would be promising for future practical applications in the field of marine corrosion protection.
基金the financial support provided by internal reseach funding of Khalifa University of Science and Technology,United Arab Emirates(Grant No.CIRA-2018-16)。
摘要Controllable synthesis of insertion-type anode materials with beneficial micro-and nanostructures is a promising approach for the synthesis of sodium-ion storage devices with high-reactivity and excellent electrochemical performance.In this study,we developed a sacrificial-templating route to synthesize TiO2@N-doped carbon nanotubes(TiO2@NC-NTs)with excellent electrochemical performance.The asprepared mesoporous TiO2@NC-NTs with tiny nanocrystals of anatase TiO2 wrapped in N-doped carbon layers showed a well-defined tube structure with a large specific surface area of 198 m2 g-1 and a large pore size of~5 nm.The TiO2@NC-NTs delivered high reversible capacities of 158 m A h g-1 at 2 C(1 C=335 m A g-1)for 2200 cycles and 146 m A h g-1 at 5 C for 4000 cycles,as well as an ultrahigh rate capability of up to 40 C with a capacity of 98 m A h g-1.Even at a high current density of 10 C,a capacity of 138 m A h g-1 could be delivered over 10,000 cycles.Thus,the synthesis of mesoporous TiO2@NC-NTs was demonstrated to be an efficient approach for developing electrode materials with high sodium storage and long cycle life.