An analog front-end of HF passive RFID transponders compatible with ISO/IEC 18000-3 is presented.Design considerations, especially the power transmission in the RFID transponder, are analyzed. Based on these considera...An analog front-end of HF passive RFID transponders compatible with ISO/IEC 18000-3 is presented.Design considerations, especially the power transmission in the RFID transponder, are analyzed. Based on these considerations,an analog front-end is presented with novel architecture, high power conversion efficiency, low voltage, low power consumption, and high performance in an environment of noise and power fluctuation. The circuit is implemented in a Chartered 0.35μm standard CMOS process. The experimental results show that the chip can satisfy the design target well.展开更多
A new,low-cost RFID tag analog front-end compatible with ISO 14443A and ISO 14443B is presented. By substituting conventional multi-circle antenna with single-circle antenna, the package cost of the tag is greatly red...A new,low-cost RFID tag analog front-end compatible with ISO 14443A and ISO 14443B is presented. By substituting conventional multi-circle antenna with single-circle antenna, the package cost of the tag is greatly reduced. Based on this exasperate antenna performance,a new rectifier with high power conversion efficiency and low turn-on voltage is presented. The circuit is implemented in an SMIC 0.18μm EEPROM process. Measurement results show that with a 120kΩ load,the power conversion efficiency reaches as high as 36%. For a sinusoidal wave with magnitude of 0. 5V, the output DC voltage reaches IV,which is high enough for RFID tags. The read distance is as far as 22cm.展开更多
The 13.56 MHz analog front-end circuit for ISO/IEC 15693-compatible radio frequency identification (RFID) trans- ponder IC presented in this paper converts RF power to DC and extracts clock and data from the interroga...The 13.56 MHz analog front-end circuit for ISO/IEC 15693-compatible radio frequency identification (RFID) trans- ponder IC presented in this paper converts RF power to DC and extracts clock and data from the interrogator by 10% or 100% ASK modulation. The transponder sends data back to the interrogator by load modulation technology. The electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuits function to limit RF voltage to a safe level. An inductive coupling simulation modelling for 13.56 MHz RFID system is presented, with simulation results showing that the transponder operates over a wide range of electromagnetic field strength from Hmin (150 mA/m) to Hmax (5 A/m). The transponder IC is implemented in SMIC 0.35-μm three-metal two-poly mixed signal CMOS technology with embedded EEPROM.展开更多
Ultrasonic testing systems have been extensively used in medical imaging and non-destructive testing applications. Generally, these systems aim at a particular application or target material. To make these systems por...Ultrasonic testing systems have been extensively used in medical imaging and non-destructive testing applications. Generally, these systems aim at a particular application or target material. To make these systems portable and more adaptable to the test environments, this study presents a reconfigurable ultrasonic testing system (RUTS), which possesses dynamic reconfiguration capabilities. RUTS consists a fully programmable Analog Front-End (AFE), which facilitates beamforming and signal conditioning for variety of applications. RUTS AFE supports up to 8 transducers for phased-array implementation. Xilinx Zynq System-on-Chip (SoC) based Zedboard provides the back-end processing of RUTS. The powerful ARM embedded processor available within Zynq SoC manages the ultrasonic data acquisition/processing and overall system control, which makes RUTS a unique platform for the ultrasonic researchers to experiment and evaluate a wide range of real-time ultrasonic signal processing applications. This Linux-based system is utilized for ultra-sonic data compression implementation providing a versatile environment for further development of ultrasonic imaging and testing system. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the capabilities of RUTS by performing ultrasonic data acquisition and data compression in real-time. Thus, this reconfigurable system enables ultrasonic designers and researchers to efficiently prototype different experiments and to incorporate and analyze high performance ultrasonic signal and image processing algorithms.展开更多
The similar physicochemical properties of alkali metal elements make the co-enrichment and precise separation of Cs+and Rb+in complex brine systems highly challenging.Here,an all-inorganic strategy is proposed,w...The similar physicochemical properties of alkali metal elements make the co-enrichment and precise separation of Cs+and Rb+in complex brine systems highly challenging.Here,an all-inorganic strategy is proposed,which achieves efficient enrichment and precise separation of Cs+and Rb+in high-salt systems by constructing Sr2+/Ba2+-based Prussian blue analogs.Two super-sized precipitates,CsRb-SrFC,and CsRb-BaFC(particle sizes up to~5 and~15µm),were successfully synthesized,significantly simplifying the complex solid-liquid separation process of traditional fine particles.Both systems exhibit rapid reaction kinetics(completed within 5 min)and efficient enrichment performance across a wide pH range(2-13).The Sr2+system shows maximum recovery rates of 96.08%for Cs+and 66.20%for Rb+,whereas the Ba2+system demonstrates stronger affinity for Rb+(RRb=70.92%,RCs=56.26%).More importantly,CsRb-SrFC achieves phase-selective separation through dissolution differentiation,where water washing induces Rb+dissolution into the liquid phase,whereas Cs+remains fixed in the solid phase,enabling precise acquisition of pure Cs2CO3(purity~98%)through solid-liquid interfacial phase separation.Furthermore,dynamic separation experiments maintain stable and rapid ion-specific separation characteristics(separation factor SFCs/Rb=353.82).This all-inorganic process combines green economy with engineering applicability,providing theoretical support and technical pathways for targeted recovery and high-value utilization of Cs+/Rb+resources in complex brine systems.展开更多
The fentanyl(Fen)analogs-related drug crisis is a global focus that has badly affected social stability.In view of multitudinous overdose deaths,there is a great need for a portable and sensitive analytical approach t...The fentanyl(Fen)analogs-related drug crisis is a global focus that has badly affected social stability.In view of multitudinous overdose deaths,there is a great need for a portable and sensitive analytical approach that can quickly discriminate these dangerous recreational substances.Herein,an extended biphenarene-based fluorescence displacement sensor assay was constructed by integrating two reporter pairs,where terphen[3]arene sulfate and quaterphen[3]arene sulfate act as receptors,and rhodamine123 acts as the optimal indicator.The formed supramolecular assay was able to completely classify four analogs,including Fen,3-methylfentanyl,sufentanil and remifentanil in aqueous phosphate buffered saline,artificial urine,mouse plasma,or even real urine sample from model mice.Moreover,mixed samples containing different proportions of cocaine,heroin and ketamine could also be discriminated with 100% accuracy.展开更多
The India-Asia collision resulted in the formation of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Lower crustal flow model was proposed to explain the mechanism of Cenozoic tectonic deformation of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.In this study,we pro...The India-Asia collision resulted in the formation of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Lower crustal flow model was proposed to explain the mechanism of Cenozoic tectonic deformation of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.In this study,we propose a new approach by combining centrifugal analog modeling with numerical simulation to simulate the tectonic uplift history of the plateau based on the lower crustal flow model,and to investigate the material migration characteristics and the influence of crustal motion velocity and ductile layer viscosity on the plateau tectonic geomorphology.The models reproduce steep-sided flat-topped geomorphic features and clockwise rotation of the material at eastern Himalayan Syntaxis,verifying the rationality of the models.The results show that the greater the crustal motion velocity and the greater the ductile layer viscosity,the steeper the terrain change;and conversely,the smaller the crustal motion velocity and the smaller the ductile layer viscosity,the gentler the terrain change.This study further indicates that the weak lower crust plays an important role in the formation of geomorphic features and material migration characteristics of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and provides a new insight for the study of the uplift mechanism of the Tibetan Plateau.展开更多
Traditional digitizers for signal readout of PET detectors are based on commercial analog-to-digital converters(ADC).However,the cost and power consumption of an entire electronic readout system based on digitizers fo...Traditional digitizers for signal readout of PET detectors are based on commercial analog-to-digital converters(ADC).However,the cost and power consumption of an entire electronic readout system based on digitizers for a PET scanner are high.To address this problem,a soft-core ADC based on a field-programmable gate array(FPGA)was proposed.An FPGA-based ADC(FPGA-ADC)combines low loss and high performance.To achieve good performance,the FPGA-ADC requires three calibrations:time-to-digital converter(TDC)length calibration,TDC alignment calibration,and TDC-to-ADC calibration.A prototype front-end electronics based on FPGA-ADC was built to evaluate the performance of time-of-flight positron emission tomography(TOF PET)detectors.Each PET detector consists of a LYSO crystal single-ended coupled to a silicon photomultiplier(SiPM).The experimental results show that the full-width at half-maximum(FWHM)energy resolution for 511 keV gamma photons after saturation correction of the SiPM was 12.3%.The FWHM coincidence timing resolution(CTR)of the TOF PET detector with the readout of the front-end electronic prototype is 385.2 ps.FPGA-ADCbased front-end electronics are very promising for multichannel,low-cost,highly integrated,and power-efficient readout electronic systems for radiation detector applications.展开更多
The relentless advancement of the artificial intelligence of things,automotive electronics,and high-performance computing has tightened the design requirements for fundamental analog blocks.Consequently,recent circuit...The relentless advancement of the artificial intelligence of things,automotive electronics,and high-performance computing has tightened the design requirements for fundamental analog blocks.Consequently,recent circuit innovations at ISSCC 2026—spanning from mature 180 nm planar processes to advanced 2 nm gate-all-around nodes—focus on providing robust,high-precision"ancillary"circuits under increasingly stringent power,area,and error budgets.展开更多
Automated reading of analog gauges in industrial environments is essential for predictive maintenance and safety monitoring.However,conventional computer vision approaches encounter two fundamental bottlenecks:polar u...Automated reading of analog gauges in industrial environments is essential for predictive maintenance and safety monitoring.However,conventional computer vision approaches encounter two fundamental bottlenecks:polar unwrapping techniques induce severe nonlinear scaling distortions under oblique viewing angles and axisaligned bounding boxes(AABBs)are geometrically inefficient for encapsulating high-aspect-ratio rotating needles.To overcome these limitations,this paper proposes a novel end-to-end framework that innovatively redefines gauge reading as a structural pose estimation task.We model each gauge as a topological five-keypoint skeleton(kstart,kmid,kcenter,kend,ktip),and localize these landmarks using a customized P2-YOLO-Pose architecture.By integrating a high-resolution P2 feature layer(stride 4)while excising the macro-scale P5 layer,the network yields a 40%enhancement in small-gauge detection recall with a negligible(<1%)frame-rate degradation.Furthermore,to address the intrinsic lack of salient vertices in circular dials,we introduce a Virtual Point(VP)generation algorithm.This algorithm exploits the point symmetry of the detected keypoints to autonomously synthesize four spatial correspondences,thereby enabling markerless,homography-based perspective rectification for corner-free objects.An adaptive control mechanism based on aspect ratio analysis(AR≤1.5)dynamically regulates the geometric warping to prevent algorithmic over-correction.Extensive evaluations on an 11,000-image field dataset acquired from an operational power data center demonstrate a Pose mAP50 of 99.45%and an mAP50-95 of 99.37%.Under severe vertical tilt conditions,the VP-based rectification curtails the absolute reading error from 3.5%to 0.6%compared to the uncorrected baseline,attaining measurement precision commensurate with physical ArUco marker-based ground truths.Operating in realtime at 25.9 FPS,the proposed system is currently deployed within an integrated inspection platform coupled with an autonomous quadruped robot(Boston Dynamics SPOT),facilitating reliable,perspective-invariant visual inspections across 10 distinct classes of analog gauges in an active industrial facility.展开更多
This paper describes an analog front-end (AFE) intended for portable audio application, which operates at 1 V and consumes only 410 μW. The AFE consists of a 30 dB-gain programmable gain amplifier (PGA) and a 2nd...This paper describes an analog front-end (AFE) intended for portable audio application, which operates at 1 V and consumes only 410 μW. The AFE consists of a 30 dB-gain programmable gain amplifier (PGA) and a 2nd-order 3-bit sigma-delta modulator. The PGA with single input and on-chip common-mode bias voltage shows good noise-reduction performance. The modulator makes use of data weighted averaging to reduce the linearity requirements of the digital-to-analog converter in the feedback loop. The AFE is implemented in the SMIC 0.13μm 1PSM CMOS process. The measurement results show that in a 1 V power supply, at 200 mVp-p, between 100 Hz and 20 kHz, the maximal signal-to-noise ratio is 70 dB, and the total power is 410 μW.展开更多
This paper reports a complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) analog front-end chip for amperometric electrochemical sensors. The chip includes a digital configuration circuit, which can communicate with an ex...This paper reports a complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) analog front-end chip for amperometric electrochemical sensors. The chip includes a digital configuration circuit, which can communicate with an external microcontroller by employing an I^2C interface bus, and thus is highly programmable. Digital correlative double samples technique and an incremental sigma-delta analog to digital converter (∑-△ ADC) are employed to achieve a new proposed system architecture with double samples. The chip has been fabricated in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS process with high-precision and high-linearity performance occupying an area of 1.3 × 1.9 mm^2. Sample solutions with various phosphate concentrations have been detected with a step concentration of 0.01 mg/L.展开更多
Analog Relax是一个来自日本的模拟音响制品的品牌,其主脑及设计师Yasushi Yurugi万木康史出生于京都,是一位不折不扣的模拟音色的追随者。因此,他一直提倡“模拟生活”这种由心底而发……那种悠然自得的安逸理念。从大学后投身成为产...Analog Relax是一个来自日本的模拟音响制品的品牌,其主脑及设计师Yasushi Yurugi万木康史出生于京都,是一位不折不扣的模拟音色的追随者。因此,他一直提倡“模拟生活”这种由心底而发……那种悠然自得的安逸理念。从大学后投身成为产品设计师的万木先生,也随波逐流地就职于数码和互联网技术公司,在这个网络世界中,他吸收了多项研发和市场经验。展开更多
A continuously tunable gain and bandwidth analog front-end for ambulatory biopotential measurement systems is presented. The front-end circuit is capable of amplifying and conditioning different biosignals. To optimiz...A continuously tunable gain and bandwidth analog front-end for ambulatory biopotential measurement systems is presented. The front-end circuit is capable of amplifying and conditioning different biosignals. To optimize the power consumption and simplify the system architecture, the front-end only adopts two-stage amplifiers. In addition, careful design eliminates the need for chopping circuits. The input-referred noise of the system is only 1.19 μVrms (0.48-2000 Hz). The chip is fabricated via a SMIC 0.18μm CMOS process. Although the power consumption is only 32.1 μW under a 3 V voltage supply, test results show that the chip can successfully extract biopotential signals.展开更多
With the rapid development of new energy and the high proportion of new energy connected to the grid,energy storage has become the leading technology driving significant adjustments in the global energy landscape.Elec...With the rapid development of new energy and the high proportion of new energy connected to the grid,energy storage has become the leading technology driving significant adjustments in the global energy landscape.Electrochemical energy storage,as the most popular and promising energy storage method,has received extensive attention.Currently,the most widely used energy storage method is metal-ion secondary batteries,whose performance mainly depends on the cathode material.Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)have a unique open framework structures that allow quick and reversible insertion/extraction of metal ions such as Na+,K+,Zn2+,Li+etc.,thus attracting widespread attention.The advantages of simple synthesis process,abundant resources,and low cost also distinguish it from its counterparts.Unfortunately,the crystal water and structural defects in the PBAs lattice that is generated during the synthesis process,as well as the low Na content,significantly affect their electrochemical performance.This paper focuses on PBAs’synthesis methods,crystal structure,modification strategies,and their potential applications as cathode materials for various metal ion secondary batteries and looks forward to their future development direction.展开更多
This work presents a PAM4 receiver analog frontend(AFE)operating up to 64 Gb/s.The electronic integrated circuit(EIC)is fabricated in 40-nm CMOS technology.This AFE is composed of a single-stage Continuous-Time Linear...This work presents a PAM4 receiver analog frontend(AFE)operating up to 64 Gb/s.The electronic integrated circuit(EIC)is fabricated in 40-nm CMOS technology.This AFE is composed of a single-stage Continuous-Time Linear Equalizer(CTLE),a Variable Gain Amplifier(VGA),an input impedance matching network,a buffer stage,and an output buffer.The single-stage triple-peaking CTLE proposed employs current reuse technique and a multi-feedback structure,enabling the adjustment of peaking in the low,mid,and high-frequency bands.Thus,only one-stage CTLE is sufficient to achieve an over-20-dB boost at Nyquist frequency to save power.The VGA adopts an enhanced structure based on the Gilbert cell,where the gain is manipulated by controlling the gate voltage of MOS transistors.The CTLE undergoes variations in its DC gain during the adjustment process to equalize channel losses.The role of the VGA is to stable the DC gain changes induced by the adjustment of the CTLE.The output buffer adopts two stages,aiming to ensure that the gain does not attenuate excessively while maintaining output impedance matching.The AFE consumes 21.1 mW with a supply voltage of 1.5/1 V.It can provide a maximum boost of 22.5 dB,and the data rate reaches up to 64 Gb/s.Additionally,it features peaking adjustment capabilities in the low,mid,and high-frequency bands.Finally,the measurement demonstrates its ability to effectively equalize a channel with a 12-dB loss at the Nyquist frequency of 16 GHz.展开更多
By the random distribution of metals in a single phase,entropy engineering is applied to construct dense neighboring active centers with diverse electronic and geometric structures,realizing the continuous optimizatio...By the random distribution of metals in a single phase,entropy engineering is applied to construct dense neighboring active centers with diverse electronic and geometric structures,realizing the continuous optimization of multiple primary reactions for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Many catalysts developed through entropy engineering have been built in nearly equimolar ratios to pursue high entropy,hindering the identification of the active sites and potentially diluting the concentration of real active sites while weakening their electronic interactions with reaction intermediates.Herein,this work proposes an entropy-engineering strategy in metal nanoparticle-embedded nitrogen carbon electrocatalysts,implemented by entropy-engineered Prussian blue analogs(PBA)as precursors to enhance the catalytic activity of primary Cu-Fe active sites.Through the introduction of the micro-strains driven by entropy engineering,density functional theory(DFT)calculations and geometric phase analysis(GPA)using Lorentz electron microscopy further elucidate the optimization of the adsorption/desorption of intermediates.Furthermore,the multi-dimensional morphology and the size diminishment of the nanocrystals serve to expand the electrochemical area,maximizing the catalytic activity for both ORR and OER.Notably,the Zn-air battery assembled with CuFeCoNiZn-NC operated for over 1300 h with negligible decay.This work presents a paradigm for the design of low-cost electrocatalysts with entropy engineering for multi-step reactions.展开更多
To enable simultaneous transmit and receive(STAR)on the same frequency in a densely deployed space with multi-interference sources,this work proposes a digitally-assisted analog selfinterference cancellation method,wh...To enable simultaneous transmit and receive(STAR)on the same frequency in a densely deployed space with multi-interference sources,this work proposes a digitally-assisted analog selfinterference cancellation method,which can acquire reference signals through flexible wired/wireless switching access.Based on this method,the Minimum Mean Square Error algorithm with known channel state information is derived in detail,determining the upper limit of the cancellation performance,and the Adaptive Dithered Linear Search algorithm for real-time engineering cancellation is given.The correctness of theoretical analysis is verified by the practical self-interference channel measured by a vector network analyzer.Furthermore,we have designed and implemented the corresponding multiinterference cancellation prototype with the digitallyassisted structure,capable of handling multiple interferences(up to three)and supporting a large receive bandwidth of 100 MHz as well as a wide frequency coverage from 30 MHz to 3000 MHz.Prototype test results demonstrate that in the presence of three interferences,when the single interference bandwidth is 0.2/2/20 MHz(corresponding to the receive bandwidth of 2/20/100 MHz),the cancellation performance can reach 46/32/22 dB or more.展开更多
BACKGROUND Infection by the hepatitis B virus(HBV)represents a significant global sociosanitary burden.While liver transplantation(LT)is an important therapeutic option,treatments that prevent HBV reinfection are nece...BACKGROUND Infection by the hepatitis B virus(HBV)represents a significant global sociosanitary burden.While liver transplantation(LT)is an important therapeutic option,treatments that prevent HBV reinfection are necessary.The combination of anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin(HBIG)and nucleosideucleotide analogs(NA)is the standard post-transplant treatment;however,there are limitations in using HBIG,particularly its cost.We present two illustrative clinical cases as examples of post-transplant management using dual NA therapy,unaccompanied by HBIG.CASE SUMMARY The first case involves a 42-year-old man with HBV-related cirrhosis,who,in the context of a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatopulmonary syndrome,underwent LT without viremia at the time of transplantation.A lack of availability of HBIG led to the combined use of two NAs,entecavir,and tenofovir alafenamide—resulting in the negativization of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and maintenance of a negative viral load in the post-transplant period.In the second case,a 63-year-old woman presented with acute hepatic failure due to HBV with viremia during transplantation.Combined therapy with entecavir and tenofovir alafenamide,again due to the unavailability of HBIG,ultimately led to the negativization of HBsAg and viral load.CONCLUSION These cases suggest the efficacy of dual NA therapy in post-transplant HBV management,emphasizing the need to reconsider traditional treatment approaches.展开更多
Phase reconstruction plays a pivotal role in biology, medical imaging, and wavefront sensing. However, multiple measurements and adjustments are usually required for conventional schemes, which inevitably reduces the ...Phase reconstruction plays a pivotal role in biology, medical imaging, and wavefront sensing. However, multiple measurements and adjustments are usually required for conventional schemes, which inevitably reduces the quality of phase imaging. Here, based on multi-channel metasurface and quantum entanglement source, a simple and integrated quantum analog operation system is proposed to realize quantitative phase reconstruction with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under a low signal photon level. Without additional measurements and adjustments, four differential images necessary for the phase reconstruction are captured simultaneously. The non-local correlation of entangled photon pairs enables to remotely manipulate working modes of the system. Besides, the consistency of entangled photon pairs in time domain makes it possible to achieve a high SNR imaging by trigger detection. The results may potentially empower the application of metasurfaces in optical chip, wave function reconstruction, and label-free biology imaging.展开更多
摘要An analog front-end of HF passive RFID transponders compatible with ISO/IEC 18000-3 is presented.Design considerations, especially the power transmission in the RFID transponder, are analyzed. Based on these considerations,an analog front-end is presented with novel architecture, high power conversion efficiency, low voltage, low power consumption, and high performance in an environment of noise and power fluctuation. The circuit is implemented in a Chartered 0.35μm standard CMOS process. The experimental results show that the chip can satisfy the design target well.
摘要A new,low-cost RFID tag analog front-end compatible with ISO 14443A and ISO 14443B is presented. By substituting conventional multi-circle antenna with single-circle antenna, the package cost of the tag is greatly reduced. Based on this exasperate antenna performance,a new rectifier with high power conversion efficiency and low turn-on voltage is presented. The circuit is implemented in an SMIC 0.18μm EEPROM process. Measurement results show that with a 120kΩ load,the power conversion efficiency reaches as high as 36%. For a sinusoidal wave with magnitude of 0. 5V, the output DC voltage reaches IV,which is high enough for RFID tags. The read distance is as far as 22cm.
摘要The 13.56 MHz analog front-end circuit for ISO/IEC 15693-compatible radio frequency identification (RFID) trans- ponder IC presented in this paper converts RF power to DC and extracts clock and data from the interrogator by 10% or 100% ASK modulation. The transponder sends data back to the interrogator by load modulation technology. The electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuits function to limit RF voltage to a safe level. An inductive coupling simulation modelling for 13.56 MHz RFID system is presented, with simulation results showing that the transponder operates over a wide range of electromagnetic field strength from Hmin (150 mA/m) to Hmax (5 A/m). The transponder IC is implemented in SMIC 0.35-μm three-metal two-poly mixed signal CMOS technology with embedded EEPROM.
摘要Ultrasonic testing systems have been extensively used in medical imaging and non-destructive testing applications. Generally, these systems aim at a particular application or target material. To make these systems portable and more adaptable to the test environments, this study presents a reconfigurable ultrasonic testing system (RUTS), which possesses dynamic reconfiguration capabilities. RUTS consists a fully programmable Analog Front-End (AFE), which facilitates beamforming and signal conditioning for variety of applications. RUTS AFE supports up to 8 transducers for phased-array implementation. Xilinx Zynq System-on-Chip (SoC) based Zedboard provides the back-end processing of RUTS. The powerful ARM embedded processor available within Zynq SoC manages the ultrasonic data acquisition/processing and overall system control, which makes RUTS a unique platform for the ultrasonic researchers to experiment and evaluate a wide range of real-time ultrasonic signal processing applications. This Linux-based system is utilized for ultra-sonic data compression implementation providing a versatile environment for further development of ultrasonic imaging and testing system. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the capabilities of RUTS by performing ultrasonic data acquisition and data compression in real-time. Thus, this reconfigurable system enables ultrasonic designers and researchers to efficiently prototype different experiments and to incorporate and analyze high performance ultrasonic signal and image processing algorithms.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52174354)。
摘要The similar physicochemical properties of alkali metal elements make the co-enrichment and precise separation of Cs+and Rb+in complex brine systems highly challenging.Here,an all-inorganic strategy is proposed,which achieves efficient enrichment and precise separation of Cs+and Rb+in high-salt systems by constructing Sr2+/Ba2+-based Prussian blue analogs.Two super-sized precipitates,CsRb-SrFC,and CsRb-BaFC(particle sizes up to~5 and~15µm),were successfully synthesized,significantly simplifying the complex solid-liquid separation process of traditional fine particles.Both systems exhibit rapid reaction kinetics(completed within 5 min)and efficient enrichment performance across a wide pH range(2-13).The Sr2+system shows maximum recovery rates of 96.08%for Cs+and 66.20%for Rb+,whereas the Ba2+system demonstrates stronger affinity for Rb+(RRb=70.92%,RCs=56.26%).More importantly,CsRb-SrFC achieves phase-selective separation through dissolution differentiation,where water washing induces Rb+dissolution into the liquid phase,whereas Cs+remains fixed in the solid phase,enabling precise acquisition of pure Cs2CO3(purity~98%)through solid-liquid interfacial phase separation.Furthermore,dynamic separation experiments maintain stable and rapid ion-specific separation characteristics(separation factor SFCs/Rb=353.82).This all-inorganic process combines green economy with engineering applicability,providing theoretical support and technical pathways for targeted recovery and high-value utilization of Cs+/Rb+resources in complex brine systems.
摘要The fentanyl(Fen)analogs-related drug crisis is a global focus that has badly affected social stability.In view of multitudinous overdose deaths,there is a great need for a portable and sensitive analytical approach that can quickly discriminate these dangerous recreational substances.Herein,an extended biphenarene-based fluorescence displacement sensor assay was constructed by integrating two reporter pairs,where terphen[3]arene sulfate and quaterphen[3]arene sulfate act as receptors,and rhodamine123 acts as the optimal indicator.The formed supramolecular assay was able to completely classify four analogs,including Fen,3-methylfentanyl,sufentanil and remifentanil in aqueous phosphate buffered saline,artificial urine,mouse plasma,or even real urine sample from model mice.Moreover,mixed samples containing different proportions of cocaine,heroin and ketamine could also be discriminated with 100% accuracy.
基金supported by Excellent Research Group Project for Multiphase Evolution in Hyper-Gravity of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52588202)。
摘要The India-Asia collision resulted in the formation of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Lower crustal flow model was proposed to explain the mechanism of Cenozoic tectonic deformation of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.In this study,we propose a new approach by combining centrifugal analog modeling with numerical simulation to simulate the tectonic uplift history of the plateau based on the lower crustal flow model,and to investigate the material migration characteristics and the influence of crustal motion velocity and ductile layer viscosity on the plateau tectonic geomorphology.The models reproduce steep-sided flat-topped geomorphic features and clockwise rotation of the material at eastern Himalayan Syntaxis,verifying the rationality of the models.The results show that the greater the crustal motion velocity and the greater the ductile layer viscosity,the steeper the terrain change;and conversely,the smaller the crustal motion velocity and the smaller the ductile layer viscosity,the gentler the terrain change.This study further indicates that the weak lower crust plays an important role in the formation of geomorphic features and material migration characteristics of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and provides a new insight for the study of the uplift mechanism of the Tibetan Plateau.
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(No.2023SFGC0101)Shandong Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program(Overseas)(No.2023HWYQ-047)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2022QA039)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.U2106202).
摘要Traditional digitizers for signal readout of PET detectors are based on commercial analog-to-digital converters(ADC).However,the cost and power consumption of an entire electronic readout system based on digitizers for a PET scanner are high.To address this problem,a soft-core ADC based on a field-programmable gate array(FPGA)was proposed.An FPGA-based ADC(FPGA-ADC)combines low loss and high performance.To achieve good performance,the FPGA-ADC requires three calibrations:time-to-digital converter(TDC)length calibration,TDC alignment calibration,and TDC-to-ADC calibration.A prototype front-end electronics based on FPGA-ADC was built to evaluate the performance of time-of-flight positron emission tomography(TOF PET)detectors.Each PET detector consists of a LYSO crystal single-ended coupled to a silicon photomultiplier(SiPM).The experimental results show that the full-width at half-maximum(FWHM)energy resolution for 511 keV gamma photons after saturation correction of the SiPM was 12.3%.The FWHM coincidence timing resolution(CTR)of the TOF PET detector with the readout of the front-end electronic prototype is 385.2 ps.FPGA-ADCbased front-end electronics are very promising for multichannel,low-cost,highly integrated,and power-efficient readout electronic systems for radiation detector applications.
基金supported in part by The Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(0001/2025/NRP,0149/2022/A3,0005/2024/RIC)the University of Macao(MYRG-GRG2025-00025-IME)。
摘要The relentless advancement of the artificial intelligence of things,automotive electronics,and high-performance computing has tightened the design requirements for fundamental analog blocks.Consequently,recent circuit innovations at ISSCC 2026—spanning from mature 180 nm planar processes to advanced 2 nm gate-all-around nodes—focus on providing robust,high-precision"ancillary"circuits under increasingly stringent power,area,and error budgets.
基金funded by Korea Electric Power Corporation,grant number R25IA04.
摘要Automated reading of analog gauges in industrial environments is essential for predictive maintenance and safety monitoring.However,conventional computer vision approaches encounter two fundamental bottlenecks:polar unwrapping techniques induce severe nonlinear scaling distortions under oblique viewing angles and axisaligned bounding boxes(AABBs)are geometrically inefficient for encapsulating high-aspect-ratio rotating needles.To overcome these limitations,this paper proposes a novel end-to-end framework that innovatively redefines gauge reading as a structural pose estimation task.We model each gauge as a topological five-keypoint skeleton(kstart,kmid,kcenter,kend,ktip),and localize these landmarks using a customized P2-YOLO-Pose architecture.By integrating a high-resolution P2 feature layer(stride 4)while excising the macro-scale P5 layer,the network yields a 40%enhancement in small-gauge detection recall with a negligible(<1%)frame-rate degradation.Furthermore,to address the intrinsic lack of salient vertices in circular dials,we introduce a Virtual Point(VP)generation algorithm.This algorithm exploits the point symmetry of the detected keypoints to autonomously synthesize four spatial correspondences,thereby enabling markerless,homography-based perspective rectification for corner-free objects.An adaptive control mechanism based on aspect ratio analysis(AR≤1.5)dynamically regulates the geometric warping to prevent algorithmic over-correction.Extensive evaluations on an 11,000-image field dataset acquired from an operational power data center demonstrate a Pose mAP50 of 99.45%and an mAP50-95 of 99.37%.Under severe vertical tilt conditions,the VP-based rectification curtails the absolute reading error from 3.5%to 0.6%compared to the uncorrected baseline,attaining measurement precision commensurate with physical ArUco marker-based ground truths.Operating in realtime at 25.9 FPS,the proposed system is currently deployed within an integrated inspection platform coupled with an autonomous quadruped robot(Boston Dynamics SPOT),facilitating reliable,perspective-invariant visual inspections across 10 distinct classes of analog gauges in an active industrial facility.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61001052)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.4123096)
摘要This paper describes an analog front-end (AFE) intended for portable audio application, which operates at 1 V and consumes only 410 μW. The AFE consists of a 30 dB-gain programmable gain amplifier (PGA) and a 2nd-order 3-bit sigma-delta modulator. The PGA with single input and on-chip common-mode bias voltage shows good noise-reduction performance. The modulator makes use of data weighted averaging to reduce the linearity requirements of the digital-to-analog converter in the feedback loop. The AFE is implemented in the SMIC 0.13μm 1PSM CMOS process. The measurement results show that in a 1 V power supply, at 200 mVp-p, between 100 Hz and 20 kHz, the maximal signal-to-noise ratio is 70 dB, and the total power is 410 μW.
基金Project supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Project(No.2015CB352103)
摘要This paper reports a complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) analog front-end chip for amperometric electrochemical sensors. The chip includes a digital configuration circuit, which can communicate with an external microcontroller by employing an I^2C interface bus, and thus is highly programmable. Digital correlative double samples technique and an incremental sigma-delta analog to digital converter (∑-△ ADC) are employed to achieve a new proposed system architecture with double samples. The chip has been fabricated in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS process with high-precision and high-linearity performance occupying an area of 1.3 × 1.9 mm^2. Sample solutions with various phosphate concentrations have been detected with a step concentration of 0.01 mg/L.
基金Project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2008AA010702)
摘要A continuously tunable gain and bandwidth analog front-end for ambulatory biopotential measurement systems is presented. The front-end circuit is capable of amplifying and conditioning different biosignals. To optimize the power consumption and simplify the system architecture, the front-end only adopts two-stage amplifiers. In addition, careful design eliminates the need for chopping circuits. The input-referred noise of the system is only 1.19 μVrms (0.48-2000 Hz). The chip is fabricated via a SMIC 0.18μm CMOS process. Although the power consumption is only 32.1 μW under a 3 V voltage supply, test results show that the chip can successfully extract biopotential signals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52072217)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3807700)+2 种基金the Joint Funds of the Hubei Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development(No.2022CFD034)Hubei Natural Science Foundation Innovation Group Project(No.2022CFA020)the Major Technological Innovation Project of Hubei Science and Technology Department(No.2019AAA164).
摘要With the rapid development of new energy and the high proportion of new energy connected to the grid,energy storage has become the leading technology driving significant adjustments in the global energy landscape.Electrochemical energy storage,as the most popular and promising energy storage method,has received extensive attention.Currently,the most widely used energy storage method is metal-ion secondary batteries,whose performance mainly depends on the cathode material.Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)have a unique open framework structures that allow quick and reversible insertion/extraction of metal ions such as Na+,K+,Zn2+,Li+etc.,thus attracting widespread attention.The advantages of simple synthesis process,abundant resources,and low cost also distinguish it from its counterparts.Unfortunately,the crystal water and structural defects in the PBAs lattice that is generated during the synthesis process,as well as the low Na content,significantly affect their electrochemical performance.This paper focuses on PBAs’synthesis methods,crystal structure,modification strategies,and their potential applications as cathode materials for various metal ion secondary batteries and looks forward to their future development direction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62222409 and Grant 62174153.
摘要This work presents a PAM4 receiver analog frontend(AFE)operating up to 64 Gb/s.The electronic integrated circuit(EIC)is fabricated in 40-nm CMOS technology.This AFE is composed of a single-stage Continuous-Time Linear Equalizer(CTLE),a Variable Gain Amplifier(VGA),an input impedance matching network,a buffer stage,and an output buffer.The single-stage triple-peaking CTLE proposed employs current reuse technique and a multi-feedback structure,enabling the adjustment of peaking in the low,mid,and high-frequency bands.Thus,only one-stage CTLE is sufficient to achieve an over-20-dB boost at Nyquist frequency to save power.The VGA adopts an enhanced structure based on the Gilbert cell,where the gain is manipulated by controlling the gate voltage of MOS transistors.The CTLE undergoes variations in its DC gain during the adjustment process to equalize channel losses.The role of the VGA is to stable the DC gain changes induced by the adjustment of the CTLE.The output buffer adopts two stages,aiming to ensure that the gain does not attenuate excessively while maintaining output impedance matching.The AFE consumes 21.1 mW with a supply voltage of 1.5/1 V.It can provide a maximum boost of 22.5 dB,and the data rate reaches up to 64 Gb/s.Additionally,it features peaking adjustment capabilities in the low,mid,and high-frequency bands.Finally,the measurement demonstrates its ability to effectively equalize a channel with a 12-dB loss at the Nyquist frequency of 16 GHz.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52071083,52231007,12327804,52471224)Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute,and the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(23ZR1405000).
摘要By the random distribution of metals in a single phase,entropy engineering is applied to construct dense neighboring active centers with diverse electronic and geometric structures,realizing the continuous optimization of multiple primary reactions for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Many catalysts developed through entropy engineering have been built in nearly equimolar ratios to pursue high entropy,hindering the identification of the active sites and potentially diluting the concentration of real active sites while weakening their electronic interactions with reaction intermediates.Herein,this work proposes an entropy-engineering strategy in metal nanoparticle-embedded nitrogen carbon electrocatalysts,implemented by entropy-engineered Prussian blue analogs(PBA)as precursors to enhance the catalytic activity of primary Cu-Fe active sites.Through the introduction of the micro-strains driven by entropy engineering,density functional theory(DFT)calculations and geometric phase analysis(GPA)using Lorentz electron microscopy further elucidate the optimization of the adsorption/desorption of intermediates.Furthermore,the multi-dimensional morphology and the size diminishment of the nanocrystals serve to expand the electrochemical area,maximizing the catalytic activity for both ORR and OER.Notably,the Zn-air battery assembled with CuFeCoNiZn-NC operated for over 1300 h with negligible decay.This work presents a paradigm for the design of low-cost electrocatalysts with entropy engineering for multi-step reactions.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62071094in part by the National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications Foundation under Grant IFN202402in part by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade C)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant GZC20240217.
摘要To enable simultaneous transmit and receive(STAR)on the same frequency in a densely deployed space with multi-interference sources,this work proposes a digitally-assisted analog selfinterference cancellation method,which can acquire reference signals through flexible wired/wireless switching access.Based on this method,the Minimum Mean Square Error algorithm with known channel state information is derived in detail,determining the upper limit of the cancellation performance,and the Adaptive Dithered Linear Search algorithm for real-time engineering cancellation is given.The correctness of theoretical analysis is verified by the practical self-interference channel measured by a vector network analyzer.Furthermore,we have designed and implemented the corresponding multiinterference cancellation prototype with the digitallyassisted structure,capable of handling multiple interferences(up to three)and supporting a large receive bandwidth of 100 MHz as well as a wide frequency coverage from 30 MHz to 3000 MHz.Prototype test results demonstrate that in the presence of three interferences,when the single interference bandwidth is 0.2/2/20 MHz(corresponding to the receive bandwidth of 2/20/100 MHz),the cancellation performance can reach 46/32/22 dB or more.
摘要BACKGROUND Infection by the hepatitis B virus(HBV)represents a significant global sociosanitary burden.While liver transplantation(LT)is an important therapeutic option,treatments that prevent HBV reinfection are necessary.The combination of anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin(HBIG)and nucleosideucleotide analogs(NA)is the standard post-transplant treatment;however,there are limitations in using HBIG,particularly its cost.We present two illustrative clinical cases as examples of post-transplant management using dual NA therapy,unaccompanied by HBIG.CASE SUMMARY The first case involves a 42-year-old man with HBV-related cirrhosis,who,in the context of a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatopulmonary syndrome,underwent LT without viremia at the time of transplantation.A lack of availability of HBIG led to the combined use of two NAs,entecavir,and tenofovir alafenamide—resulting in the negativization of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and maintenance of a negative viral load in the post-transplant period.In the second case,a 63-year-old woman presented with acute hepatic failure due to HBV with viremia during transplantation.Combined therapy with entecavir and tenofovir alafenamide,again due to the unavailability of HBIG,ultimately led to the negativization of HBsAg and viral load.CONCLUSION These cases suggest the efficacy of dual NA therapy in post-transplant HBV management,emphasizing the need to reconsider traditional treatment approaches.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.62221002,Grants No.12174097).
摘要Phase reconstruction plays a pivotal role in biology, medical imaging, and wavefront sensing. However, multiple measurements and adjustments are usually required for conventional schemes, which inevitably reduces the quality of phase imaging. Here, based on multi-channel metasurface and quantum entanglement source, a simple and integrated quantum analog operation system is proposed to realize quantitative phase reconstruction with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under a low signal photon level. Without additional measurements and adjustments, four differential images necessary for the phase reconstruction are captured simultaneously. The non-local correlation of entangled photon pairs enables to remotely manipulate working modes of the system. Besides, the consistency of entangled photon pairs in time domain makes it possible to achieve a high SNR imaging by trigger detection. The results may potentially empower the application of metasurfaces in optical chip, wave function reconstruction, and label-free biology imaging.