The pitch-angle distribution of energetic particles is important for space physics studies on magnetic storm and particle acceleration.A‘pin-hole’imaging structure is built with the‘pin-hole’technique and a positi...The pitch-angle distribution of energetic particles is important for space physics studies on magnetic storm and particle acceleration.A‘pin-hole’imaging structure is built with the‘pin-hole’technique and a position sensitive detector,which can be used to measure the pitch angle distribution of energetic particles.To calibrate the angular response of the‘pin-hole’imaging structure,special experiment facilities are needed,such as the particle accelerator with special design.The features of this kind of particle accelerator are:1)The energy range of the outgoing particles should be mid-energy particles(tens keV to several hundred keV);2)the particle flux should be consistent in time-scale;3)the directions of the outgoing particles should be the same and 4)the particle number within the spot should be low enough.In this paper,a method to calibrate the angular response of the‘pin-hole’imaging structure by the90Sr/90Y β source with a collimator is introduced and simulated by Geant4 software.The result of the calibration with the collimated β source is in accord with the Geant4 simulations,which verifies the validity of this method.展开更多
Precise control over the angular response of light is essential for advanced photonic devices.Here,we develop a constitutive-parameters-based framework for customizable angular selection.We introduce a pseudo-local ef...Precise control over the angular response of light is essential for advanced photonic devices.Here,we develop a constitutive-parameters-based framework for customizable angular selection.We introduce a pseudo-local effective medium theory,leveraging Brillouin zone folding in photonic crystal supercells,to effectively realize the required parameters for a designated incident crystal face.At the operating frequency,simulations and microwave experiments demonstrate that the designed photonic crystal achieves sharp angular selection from near-total transmission(97%)to near-perfect reflection within an angular transition bandwidth of~3°.Additionally,by integrating a hyperbolic medium with an anisotropic medium,we realize in simulation an angular bandpass filter centered at 30°with a near 1°full width at half-maximum.This work provides a quantitative design methodology for angular-selective photonic crystals and metamaterials,paving the way for applications such as antenna sidelobe suppression,solar energy harvesting,and privacy displays.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40704026 and 41374167)
摘要The pitch-angle distribution of energetic particles is important for space physics studies on magnetic storm and particle acceleration.A‘pin-hole’imaging structure is built with the‘pin-hole’technique and a position sensitive detector,which can be used to measure the pitch angle distribution of energetic particles.To calibrate the angular response of the‘pin-hole’imaging structure,special experiment facilities are needed,such as the particle accelerator with special design.The features of this kind of particle accelerator are:1)The energy range of the outgoing particles should be mid-energy particles(tens keV to several hundred keV);2)the particle flux should be consistent in time-scale;3)the directions of the outgoing particles should be the same and 4)the particle number within the spot should be low enough.In this paper,a method to calibrate the angular response of the‘pin-hole’imaging structure by the90Sr/90Y β source with a collimator is introduced and simulated by Geant4 software.The result of the calibration with the collimated β source is in accord with the Geant4 simulations,which verifies the validity of this method.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0211300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(12474293,12174188)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20233001)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20252238)。
摘要Precise control over the angular response of light is essential for advanced photonic devices.Here,we develop a constitutive-parameters-based framework for customizable angular selection.We introduce a pseudo-local effective medium theory,leveraging Brillouin zone folding in photonic crystal supercells,to effectively realize the required parameters for a designated incident crystal face.At the operating frequency,simulations and microwave experiments demonstrate that the designed photonic crystal achieves sharp angular selection from near-total transmission(97%)to near-perfect reflection within an angular transition bandwidth of~3°.Additionally,by integrating a hyperbolic medium with an anisotropic medium,we realize in simulation an angular bandpass filter centered at 30°with a near 1°full width at half-maximum.This work provides a quantitative design methodology for angular-selective photonic crystals and metamaterials,paving the way for applications such as antenna sidelobe suppression,solar energy harvesting,and privacy displays.