Garden asparagus(Asparagus officinalis,2n=2x=20)is a globally important vegetable crop renowned for its nutritional and economic value.It exhibits clear sexual dimorphism,with male and female individuals differentiate...Garden asparagus(Asparagus officinalis,2n=2x=20)is a globally important vegetable crop renowned for its nutritional and economic value.It exhibits clear sexual dimorphism,with male and female individuals differentiated under a genetically defined XY system.The coexistence of dioecious and hermaphroditic species within the genus Asparagus makes it an excellent model for studying the origin and diversification of sex chromosomes(Bentz et al.,2024).展开更多
Asparagus cochinchinensis has been recognized as an edible and medicinal herb in China,which has resulted in high market demand.Therefore,optimizing its cultivation practice is essential to maintain and enhance produc...Asparagus cochinchinensis has been recognized as an edible and medicinal herb in China,which has resulted in high market demand.Therefore,optimizing its cultivation practice is essential to maintain and enhance production levels.In this study,we simultaneously employed amplicon sequencing and transcriptomic sequencing technology to analyze the rhizosphere bacterial community structure and gene expression level in A.cochinchinensis collected from the main production areas.Results showed that a total of 50 phyla,138 classes,343 orders,490 families,and 875 genera were identified,of which Proteobacteria and RB41 were the most abundant at the phylum and genus level,respectively.Transcriptomics results showed that the gene expression was related to biotic stress resistance,plant growth and development,and polysaccharide metabolism,which was supported by qPCR results.These findings offer valuable insights into the utilization safety and quality improvement of A.cochinchinensis.展开更多
A new enolate derivative of furostanol glycoside, named asparagusin A, was isolated from the roots of Asparagus filicinus and established as 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (25S)-furost-20(22)...A new enolate derivative of furostanol glycoside, named asparagusin A, was isolated from the roots of Asparagus filicinus and established as 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (25S)-furost-20(22)-ene-3 beta, 26-diol 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Asparagusin A (1) exhibited a cytotoxic activity effect on PC12 cells.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability of 28 green asparagus cultivars under the climatic conditions in Poland and to select cultivars most suitable for growing in Poland. [Method] Based on an overv...[Objective] This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability of 28 green asparagus cultivars under the climatic conditions in Poland and to select cultivars most suitable for growing in Poland. [Method] Based on an overview of asparagus, spears of 28 cultivars from the six year’s harvest in 2008 were evaluated at the Marcelin Experimental Station. During the harvest period, spears were cut daily and trimmed to 22 cm, followed by grading and weigh. In addition, general appearance, anthocyan discolouration, head tightness, colour and smoothness of the spears were also evaluated. [Result] In terms of total yield, ‘Gynlim’ was the best cultivar, followed by ‘Hannibal’, ‘Ravel’, ‘Grolim’ and ‘Ramada’; ‘Gloria’ was the worst cultivar, followed by ‘Tsuki-kho 3’, ‘Purple Passion’, ‘Jacq. Ma 2014’, ‘Sartaguda’, and ‘Jacq. Ma 2004’. ‘Gynlim’, ‘Hannibal’, ‘Ravel’, ‘Ramada’ and ‘Ariane’ were the top five cultivars in early yield, and the worst cultivar concerning early yield was ‘PLA-2132’, followed by ‘Ramos’, ‘Tsuki-kho 3’ and ‘Purple Passion’. ‘Ariane’, ‘Cipress’, ‘Grolim’, ‘Gynlim’ and ‘Hannibal’ were five best culivars considering spear quality, and the four worst cultivars were ‘Jacq. Ma 2004’, ‘Gloria’, ‘Jacq. Ma 2014’ and ‘Tsuki-kho 3’. [Conclusion] Taken both the yield and quality of spears into consideration, the most suitable cultivars of green spears for growing under the climatic conditions in Poland should be ‘Gynlim’, ‘Hannibal’, ‘Ravel’ and ‘Grolim’, while ‘Gloria’, ‘Tsuki-kho 3’, ‘Purple Passion’, ‘Jacq. Ma 2014’ and ‘Sartaguda’ were not suitable for growing in Poland.展开更多
Fertilizer application efficiently increases crop yield, but may result in phosphorus(P) accumulation in soil, which increases the risk of aquatic eutrophication. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) inoculation is a pot...Fertilizer application efficiently increases crop yield, but may result in phosphorus(P) accumulation in soil, which increases the risk of aquatic eutrophication. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) inoculation is a potential method to enhance P uptake by plant and to reduce fertilizer input requirements. However, there has been limited research on how much P application could be reduced by AMF inoculation. In this study, a pot experiment growing asparagus(Asparagus officinalis L.) was designed to investigate the effects of AMF inoculation and six levels of soil Olsen-P(10.4, 17.1, 30.9, 40.0, 62.1, and 95.5 mg kg-1for P0, P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5treatments, respectively) on root colonization, soil spore density, and the growth and P uptake of asparagus. The highest root colonization and soil spore density were both obtained in the P1treatment(76% and 26.3 spores g-1soil, respectively). Mycorrhizal dependency significantly(P < 0.05) decreased with increasing soil Olsen-P. A significant correlation(P < 0.01) was observed between mycorrhizal P uptake and root colonization, indicating that AMF contributed to increased P uptake and subsequent plant growth.The quadratic equations of shoot dry weight and soil Olsen-P showed that AMF decreased the P concentration of soil required for maximum plant growth by 14.5% from 67.9 to 59.3 mg Olsen-P kg-1. Our results suggested that AMF improved P efficiency via increased P uptake and optimal growth by adding AMF to the suitable P fertilization.展开更多
Asparagus setaceus is a popular ornamental plant cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions globally.Here,we constructed a chromosome-scale reference genome of A.setaceus to facilitate the investigation of its gen...Asparagus setaceus is a popular ornamental plant cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions globally.Here,we constructed a chromosome-scale reference genome of A.setaceus to facilitate the investigation of its genome characteristics and evolution.Using a combination of Nanopore long reads,Illumina short reads,10×Genomics linked reads,and Hi-C data,we generated a high-quality genome assembly of A.setaceus covering 710.15 Mb,accounting for 98.63%of the estimated genome size.A total of 96.85%of the sequences were anchored to ten superscaffolds corresponding to the ten chromosomes.The genome of A.setaceus was predicted to contain 28,410 genes,25,649(90.28%)of which were functionally annotated.A total of 65.59%of the genome was occupied by repetitive sequences,among which long terminal repeats were predominant(42.51%of the whole genome).Evolutionary analysis revealed an estimated divergence time of A.setaceus from its close relative A.officinalis of~9.66 million years ago,and A.setaceus underwent two rounds of whole-genome duplication.In addition,762 specific gene families,96 positively selected genes,and 76 resistance(R)genes were detected and functionally predicted in A.setaceus.These findings provide new knowledge about the characteristics and evolution of the A.setaceus genome,and will facilitate comparative genetic and genomic research on the genus Asparagus.展开更多
Two new furostanol oligoglycosides named as aspacochioside A (1) and B (2) were isolated from the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr.. Their structures were elucidated to be 3-O-[{a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(14)...Two new furostanol oligoglycosides named as aspacochioside A (1) and B (2) were isolated from the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr.. Their structures were elucidated to be 3-O-[{a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(14)}{b-D-glucopyranosyl}]-26-O-[b-D-glucopy- ranosyl]-(25S)-5b-furostane-3b,22a,26-triol 1 and 3-O-[{a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(14)}{b-D-glu- copyranosyl}]-26-O-[b-D-glucopyranosyl]-22a-methoxy-(25S)-5b-furostane-3b,26-diol 2 on the basis of spectroscopic techniques and chemical methods.展开更多
Dear Editor,Reduction in plant height has been associated with yield increases and yield stability in a number of important crop species,such as wheat and rice[1].In these plants,dwarfing is mainly attributed to the i...Dear Editor,Reduction in plant height has been associated with yield increases and yield stability in a number of important crop species,such as wheat and rice[1].In these plants,dwarfing is mainly attributed to the inability to synthesize or respond to certain phytohormones,predominantly gibberellin(GA)[2].Ideal Plant Architecture 1(IPA1),an miR156 target gene,encodes SPL14 and it is able to bind directly to the promoters of multiple GA biosynthetic,signal,and deactivating genes in rice[3].Moreover,IPA1 loss-of-function mutants exhibit dwarf phenotypes[4].展开更多
Due to the increased potential for application of natural biopolymers in the food industry,the goal of this study was to prospectively produce antimicrobial films using asparagus residue.In this study,cellulose was ex...Due to the increased potential for application of natural biopolymers in the food industry,the goal of this study was to prospectively produce antimicrobial films using asparagus residue.In this study,cellulose was extracted from asparagus residue,and then 3 cellulose solutions of 0.008,0.01 and 0.025 g/mL were applied to prepare films using a phase inversion process.Films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The film produced by 0.01 g/mL asparagus cellulose solution exhibited a swelling ratio of 125.4%and excellent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using the disk agar diffusion method.This study presents a promising method for producing antimicrobial films with asparagus residue.展开更多
A new furostanoside, aspafilioside D (1) has been isolated from the root of Asparagus filicinus. Its structure was determined by spectral and chemical methods.
Two new furostanol glycosides, aspacochinosides L (1) and M (2), were isolated from the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. Their structures were determined by chemical methods and NMR spectral anal...Two new furostanol glycosides, aspacochinosides L (1) and M (2), were isolated from the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. Their structures were determined by chemical methods and NMR spectral analysis, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Compounds 1 and 2 were investigated for their anti-neuroinflammatory activity in LPS-induced BV-2 cells. Compound 2 showed moderate inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-induced BV-2 microglial cells with IC 50 value of 32.26 μM.展开更多
A new furost-20(22)-ene oligoglycoside named as aspacochioside C was isolated from the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr.. Its structure was elucidated to be 26-O-b- D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5b-furost-20(2...A new furost-20(22)-ene oligoglycoside named as aspacochioside C was isolated from the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr.. Its structure was elucidated to be 26-O-b- D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5b-furost-20(22)-en-3b,26-diol-3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(14)-b-D- glucopyranoside on the basis of spectroscopic techniques including 1D and 2D NMR experiments.展开更多
Fungal pathogen of asparagus stem blight was isolated. No significant genetic difference was detected among the three strains with 492 bp long ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence. It was then identified through colony growth, con...Fungal pathogen of asparagus stem blight was isolated. No significant genetic difference was detected among the three strains with 492 bp long ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence. It was then identified through colony growth, conidia morphology, and molecular characterization. The physiological response to oxidation and osmosis stress, and virulence to Asparagus officinalis L. were analyzed. The results showed that the pathogen causing asparagus stem blight for A. officinalis L. in Jiangxi Province is Phomopsis asparagri (Sacc.) Bubák. Under pure culture conditions, the conidia were oval-shaped (α-type), with colorless single spore and single nucleus, containing 0-2 oil balls. Its vegetative growth rate was higher when cultured on 0.2 × potato dextrose agar (0.2 × PDA) medium than that on oatmeal agar (OA) medium. However, the pycnidia appeared earlier on OA medium than on 0.2 earlier PDA medium. The vegetative growth rate was depressed under oxidation (H2O2) or osmosis (NaCl) stress conditions, and totally inhibited under 7 mmol/L H2O2 or 2.4 mol/L NaCl. All the strains caused typical pathogenic symptoms to Asparagus officinalis L. at 7 days-post-inoculation (dpi) with conidia.展开更多
Greenhouse cultivation in northern China has the characteristic of single mode, and the intercropping mode is not common. Greenhouse intercropping of green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis Linn) and coriander (Cori...Greenhouse cultivation in northern China has the characteristic of single mode, and the intercropping mode is not common. Greenhouse intercropping of green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis Linn) and coriander (Coriandrum sativurn L.) not only could increase vegetable kinds, but also could improve cropping index, and the asparagus growers' income could also be improved. This paper introduced the intercropping technique of green asparagus and coriander, so as to provide technical support for large-area extension of greenhouse green asparagus cultivation and break the situation of single mode for .qreenhouse cultivation.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to evaluate the efficacy of instant asparagus powder, a functional food made of asparagus, for improving sleep quality. [Method] A total of 60 volunteers were selected, and each of them cons...[Objective] This study was to evaluate the efficacy of instant asparagus powder, a functional food made of asparagus, for improving sleep quality. [Method] A total of 60 volunteers were selected, and each of them consumed two bags of instant asparagus powder (24 g) once a day for 60 consecutive days. Then, the sleep quality of the volunteers was evaluated. At the same time, the safety indices and insomnia-related endocrine indices were determined. [Result] Instant asparagus powder significantly increased the sleep time of sleep disorders from 5.1 to 6.1 h, shortened the time to fall asleep from 50.4 to 25.3 rain, and reduced the time to fall asleep after being awake from 46.5 h to 19.5 h. The differences before and af- ter the consumption of instant asparagus powder were significant (P〈0.05). The sat- isfaction of sleep quality was high. Instant asparagus powder had good safety with- out liver and kidney function influence. Instant asparagus powder could reduce the levels of cortisol and norepinepthrine and increase the levels of serotonin and dopamine. [Conclusion] Instant asparagus powder could improve the quality of sleep, characterized by safety and effectiveness. The sleep quality-improving effect of in- stant asparagus powder might be related to the regulation of HPA axis or the regu- lation of serotonin secretion.展开更多
Laboratory mutants of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib)de Bary,resistant to boscalid,have been extensively characterized.However,the resistance situation in the lettuce field remains largely elusive.In this study,among th...Laboratory mutants of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib)de Bary,resistant to boscalid,have been extensively characterized.However,the resistance situation in the lettuce field remains largely elusive.In this study,among the 172 S.sclerotiorum isolates collected from asparagus lettuce field in Jiangsu Province,China,132 isolates(76.74%)exhibited low-level resistance to boscalid(BosLR),with a discriminatory dose of 5μg mL-1.In comparison to the boscalid-sensitive(BosS)isolates,most BosLRisolates demonstrated a slightly superior biological fitness,as evidenced by data on mycelial growth,sclerotium production and pathogenicity.Moreover,most BosLRisolates showed comparable levels of oxalic acid(OA)accumulation,increased exopolysaccharide(EPS)content and reduced membrane permeability when compared to the BosS isolates.Nevertheless,their responses to distinct stress factors diverged significantly.Furthermore,the effectiveness of boscalid in controlling BosLRisolates on radish was diminished compared to its efficacy on BosS isolates.Genetic mutations were identified in the SDH genes of BosLRisolates,revealing the existence of three resistant genotypes:I(A11Vat SDHB,SDHBA11V),II(Q38Rat SDHC,SDHCQ38R)and III(SDHBA11V+SDHCQ38R).Importantly,no cross-resistance was observed between boscalid and other fungicides such as thifluzamide,pydiflumetofen,fluazinam,or tebuconazole.Our molecular docking analysis indicated that the docking total score(DTS)of the type I resistant isolates(1.3993)was lower than that of the sensitive isolates(1.7499),implying a reduced affinity between SDHB and boscalid as a potential mechanism underlying the boscalid resistance in S.sclerotiorum.These findings contribute to an enhanced comprehension of boscalid’s mode of action and furnish valuable insights into the management of boscalid resistance.展开更多
Phytochemical investigation on the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis led to the isolation of one new furostanol saponin,named 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-22α-hydroxyl-(25R)-Δ5(6)-furost-3β,26-diol-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyra...Phytochemical investigation on the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis led to the isolation of one new furostanol saponin,named 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-22α-hydroxyl-(25R)-Δ5(6)-furost-3β,26-diol-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-glucopyranoside(1),along with three known congeners(2‒4).The structure of new saponin was elucidated via comprehensive inspection of its HRMS and NMR spectral data as well as chemical technology,whereas those of known ones were identified by comparison of their NMR and MS spectral data with those reported in literatures.All isolated saponins were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects on two human liver(MHCC97H)and lung adenocarcinoma(H1299)cancer cells in vitro.Among them,both 1 and 2 showed significant cytotoxicity against above mentioned cell lines.Further studies revealed that these two saponins could significantly inhibit their proliferation of MHCC97H and H1299 cells.展开更多
AIM: To study the chemical constituents of the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Asparagaceae). METHOD: The compounds were isolated with Diaion HP20, silica gel, and ODS chromatography, and their structures were...AIM: To study the chemical constituents of the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Asparagaceae). METHOD: The compounds were isolated with Diaion HP20, silica gel, and ODS chromatography, and their structures were de- termined on the basis of chemical methods, HR-ESI-MS, and 1 D- and 2D-NMR techniques. RESULTS: Seven compounds were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of the roots of A. cochinchinensis, and their structures were elucidated as (25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5β-furostan-3β, 22a, 26-triol-12-one-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (25S)-26- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-22a-methoxy-5β-furostan-3p, 26-diol-12-one-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), (25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyra- nosyl-5β-furostan-3β, 22a, 26-triol (3), (25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5β-furstan-3β, 22a, 26-triol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), (25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5β-furostan-3β, 22a, 26-triol-3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1, 4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), (25S)- 5β-spirostan-3fl-ol-3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranoside (6), and (25S)-5β-spirostan-3β-ol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1 and 2 were two new furostanol saponins.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to develop liposomal formulations of Asparagus racemosus root extract(AR1-6)as well as evaluate the physicochemical properties and in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activity.Liposomes compos...The purpose of this study was to develop liposomal formulations of Asparagus racemosus root extract(AR1-6)as well as evaluate the physicochemical properties and in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activity.Liposomes composed of AR1-6 to lipid weight ratio of 1:10 and lecithin(LEC)or Phospholipon90G(PC90G)as structural phospholipid at 7:3 molar ratio to CHOL were prepared by various methods,i.e.chloroform-film(CF),reverse-phase evaporation(REV),polyol dilution(PD),and freeze-drying of monophase solution(MFD)methods.The results revealed that vesicles prepared by CF and MFD were multilamellar whereas those prepared by REV and PD were oligolamellar in nature with particle sizes ranging from 0.26 to 13.83 mm.The zeta potentials were in the range of1.5 to39.3 mV.AR1-6 liposomes with LEC possessed significantly higher entrapment than those with PC90G.The highest entrapment efficiency and in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activity of 69.08%and 25%,respectively,were obtained from liposomes having LEC and prepared by PD method.The tyrosinase inhibitory activity were in the rank order of LEC>PC90G,and PD>CF>REV>MFD.It could be concluded that the mechanism of vesicle forming in each method of preparation was the key factor influencing physicochemical properties,particularly vesicle type,size,surface charge,and entrapment,which were well correlated with the biological activity.展开更多
Asparagus macowanfi Baker, is a climbing herbaceous foliage species in genus Asparagus of Liliaceae, This paper summarized its multiple uses, morphologi- cal characteristics, biological habit, reproduction methods, ma...Asparagus macowanfi Baker, is a climbing herbaceous foliage species in genus Asparagus of Liliaceae, This paper summarized its multiple uses, morphologi- cal characteristics, biological habit, reproduction methods, management after cultiva- tion, prevention and control of pests and disease, as well as harvest and grading, with the objective to provide references for the exploitation and utilization of As- paragus macowanii Baker.展开更多
基金financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170336)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(252300421281)the Program for Science and Technology Innovation Talents in the Universities of Henan Province(23HASTIT035).
摘要Garden asparagus(Asparagus officinalis,2n=2x=20)is a globally important vegetable crop renowned for its nutritional and economic value.It exhibits clear sexual dimorphism,with male and female individuals differentiated under a genetically defined XY system.The coexistence of dioecious and hermaphroditic species within the genus Asparagus makes it an excellent model for studying the origin and diversification of sex chromosomes(Bentz et al.,2024).
基金supported by introduces the talented person scientific research start funds subsidization project of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(030040015).
摘要Asparagus cochinchinensis has been recognized as an edible and medicinal herb in China,which has resulted in high market demand.Therefore,optimizing its cultivation practice is essential to maintain and enhance production levels.In this study,we simultaneously employed amplicon sequencing and transcriptomic sequencing technology to analyze the rhizosphere bacterial community structure and gene expression level in A.cochinchinensis collected from the main production areas.Results showed that a total of 50 phyla,138 classes,343 orders,490 families,and 875 genera were identified,of which Proteobacteria and RB41 were the most abundant at the phylum and genus level,respectively.Transcriptomics results showed that the gene expression was related to biotic stress resistance,plant growth and development,and polysaccharide metabolism,which was supported by qPCR results.These findings offer valuable insights into the utilization safety and quality improvement of A.cochinchinensis.
摘要A new enolate derivative of furostanol glycoside, named asparagusin A, was isolated from the roots of Asparagus filicinus and established as 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (25S)-furost-20(22)-ene-3 beta, 26-diol 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Asparagusin A (1) exhibited a cytotoxic activity effect on PC12 cells.
基金Supported by the Preferential Scientific Activity Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars of Shandong Province(2011-780)~~
摘要[Objective] This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability of 28 green asparagus cultivars under the climatic conditions in Poland and to select cultivars most suitable for growing in Poland. [Method] Based on an overview of asparagus, spears of 28 cultivars from the six year’s harvest in 2008 were evaluated at the Marcelin Experimental Station. During the harvest period, spears were cut daily and trimmed to 22 cm, followed by grading and weigh. In addition, general appearance, anthocyan discolouration, head tightness, colour and smoothness of the spears were also evaluated. [Result] In terms of total yield, ‘Gynlim’ was the best cultivar, followed by ‘Hannibal’, ‘Ravel’, ‘Grolim’ and ‘Ramada’; ‘Gloria’ was the worst cultivar, followed by ‘Tsuki-kho 3’, ‘Purple Passion’, ‘Jacq. Ma 2014’, ‘Sartaguda’, and ‘Jacq. Ma 2004’. ‘Gynlim’, ‘Hannibal’, ‘Ravel’, ‘Ramada’ and ‘Ariane’ were the top five cultivars in early yield, and the worst cultivar concerning early yield was ‘PLA-2132’, followed by ‘Ramos’, ‘Tsuki-kho 3’ and ‘Purple Passion’. ‘Ariane’, ‘Cipress’, ‘Grolim’, ‘Gynlim’ and ‘Hannibal’ were five best culivars considering spear quality, and the four worst cultivars were ‘Jacq. Ma 2004’, ‘Gloria’, ‘Jacq. Ma 2014’ and ‘Tsuki-kho 3’. [Conclusion] Taken both the yield and quality of spears into consideration, the most suitable cultivars of green spears for growing under the climatic conditions in Poland should be ‘Gynlim’, ‘Hannibal’, ‘Ravel’ and ‘Grolim’, while ‘Gloria’, ‘Tsuki-kho 3’, ‘Purple Passion’, ‘Jacq. Ma 2014’ and ‘Sartaguda’ were not suitable for growing in Poland.
基金Supported by the National Key Basic Research Program(No.2013CB127401)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Science(No.XDB15030300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41001172 and 41371289)
摘要Fertilizer application efficiently increases crop yield, but may result in phosphorus(P) accumulation in soil, which increases the risk of aquatic eutrophication. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) inoculation is a potential method to enhance P uptake by plant and to reduce fertilizer input requirements. However, there has been limited research on how much P application could be reduced by AMF inoculation. In this study, a pot experiment growing asparagus(Asparagus officinalis L.) was designed to investigate the effects of AMF inoculation and six levels of soil Olsen-P(10.4, 17.1, 30.9, 40.0, 62.1, and 95.5 mg kg-1for P0, P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5treatments, respectively) on root colonization, soil spore density, and the growth and P uptake of asparagus. The highest root colonization and soil spore density were both obtained in the P1treatment(76% and 26.3 spores g-1soil, respectively). Mycorrhizal dependency significantly(P < 0.05) decreased with increasing soil Olsen-P. A significant correlation(P < 0.01) was observed between mycorrhizal P uptake and root colonization, indicating that AMF contributed to increased P uptake and subsequent plant growth.The quadratic equations of shoot dry weight and soil Olsen-P showed that AMF decreased the P concentration of soil required for maximum plant growth by 14.5% from 67.9 to 59.3 mg Olsen-P kg-1. Our results suggested that AMF improved P efficiency via increased P uptake and optimal growth by adding AMF to the suitable P fertilization.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970240 and 31770346)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300203-3)the Key Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(19A180003).
摘要Asparagus setaceus is a popular ornamental plant cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions globally.Here,we constructed a chromosome-scale reference genome of A.setaceus to facilitate the investigation of its genome characteristics and evolution.Using a combination of Nanopore long reads,Illumina short reads,10×Genomics linked reads,and Hi-C data,we generated a high-quality genome assembly of A.setaceus covering 710.15 Mb,accounting for 98.63%of the estimated genome size.A total of 96.85%of the sequences were anchored to ten superscaffolds corresponding to the ten chromosomes.The genome of A.setaceus was predicted to contain 28,410 genes,25,649(90.28%)of which were functionally annotated.A total of 65.59%of the genome was occupied by repetitive sequences,among which long terminal repeats were predominant(42.51%of the whole genome).Evolutionary analysis revealed an estimated divergence time of A.setaceus from its close relative A.officinalis of~9.66 million years ago,and A.setaceus underwent two rounds of whole-genome duplication.In addition,762 specific gene families,96 positively selected genes,and 76 resistance(R)genes were detected and functionally predicted in A.setaceus.These findings provide new knowledge about the characteristics and evolution of the A.setaceus genome,and will facilitate comparative genetic and genomic research on the genus Asparagus.
摘要Two new furostanol oligoglycosides named as aspacochioside A (1) and B (2) were isolated from the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr.. Their structures were elucidated to be 3-O-[{a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(14)}{b-D-glucopyranosyl}]-26-O-[b-D-glucopy- ranosyl]-(25S)-5b-furostane-3b,22a,26-triol 1 and 3-O-[{a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(14)}{b-D-glu- copyranosyl}]-26-O-[b-D-glucopyranosyl]-22a-methoxy-(25S)-5b-furostane-3b,26-diol 2 on the basis of spectroscopic techniques and chemical methods.
基金Thisworkwas funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 31960433 and 31860562)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(grant 20171ACB20001).
摘要Dear Editor,Reduction in plant height has been associated with yield increases and yield stability in a number of important crop species,such as wheat and rice[1].In these plants,dwarfing is mainly attributed to the inability to synthesize or respond to certain phytohormones,predominantly gibberellin(GA)[2].Ideal Plant Architecture 1(IPA1),an miR156 target gene,encodes SPL14 and it is able to bind directly to the promoters of multiple GA biosynthetic,signal,and deactivating genes in rice[3].Moreover,IPA1 loss-of-function mutants exhibit dwarf phenotypes[4].
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972134)the Key Science&Technology Specific Projects of Anhui Province(201903b06020003)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JZ2019YYPY0027)the Funds for Huangshan Professorship of Hefei University of Technology(407-037019).
摘要Due to the increased potential for application of natural biopolymers in the food industry,the goal of this study was to prospectively produce antimicrobial films using asparagus residue.In this study,cellulose was extracted from asparagus residue,and then 3 cellulose solutions of 0.008,0.01 and 0.025 g/mL were applied to prepare films using a phase inversion process.Films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The film produced by 0.01 g/mL asparagus cellulose solution exhibited a swelling ratio of 125.4%and excellent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using the disk agar diffusion method.This study presents a promising method for producing antimicrobial films with asparagus residue.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China (30100229) and Science and Technology Development Fundation of Shanghai China (01QB14051) and these supports are gratefully acknowledged.
摘要A new furostanoside, aspafilioside D (1) has been isolated from the root of Asparagus filicinus. Its structure was determined by spectral and chemical methods.
基金supported by National Key Technology R&D Program"New Drug Innovation"of China(Grant No.2012ZX09301002-002-002and2012ZX09304-005)
摘要Two new furostanol glycosides, aspacochinosides L (1) and M (2), were isolated from the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. Their structures were determined by chemical methods and NMR spectral analysis, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Compounds 1 and 2 were investigated for their anti-neuroinflammatory activity in LPS-induced BV-2 cells. Compound 2 showed moderate inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-induced BV-2 microglial cells with IC 50 value of 32.26 μM.
摘要A new furost-20(22)-ene oligoglycoside named as aspacochioside C was isolated from the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr.. Its structure was elucidated to be 26-O-b- D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5b-furost-20(22)-en-3b,26-diol-3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(14)-b-D- glucopyranoside on the basis of spectroscopic techniques including 1D and 2D NMR experiments.
摘要Fungal pathogen of asparagus stem blight was isolated. No significant genetic difference was detected among the three strains with 492 bp long ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence. It was then identified through colony growth, conidia morphology, and molecular characterization. The physiological response to oxidation and osmosis stress, and virulence to Asparagus officinalis L. were analyzed. The results showed that the pathogen causing asparagus stem blight for A. officinalis L. in Jiangxi Province is Phomopsis asparagri (Sacc.) Bubák. Under pure culture conditions, the conidia were oval-shaped (α-type), with colorless single spore and single nucleus, containing 0-2 oil balls. Its vegetative growth rate was higher when cultured on 0.2 × potato dextrose agar (0.2 × PDA) medium than that on oatmeal agar (OA) medium. However, the pycnidia appeared earlier on OA medium than on 0.2 earlier PDA medium. The vegetative growth rate was depressed under oxidation (H2O2) or osmosis (NaCl) stress conditions, and totally inhibited under 7 mmol/L H2O2 or 2.4 mol/L NaCl. All the strains caused typical pathogenic symptoms to Asparagus officinalis L. at 7 days-post-inoculation (dpi) with conidia.
摘要Greenhouse cultivation in northern China has the characteristic of single mode, and the intercropping mode is not common. Greenhouse intercropping of green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis Linn) and coriander (Coriandrum sativurn L.) not only could increase vegetable kinds, but also could improve cropping index, and the asparagus growers' income could also be improved. This paper introduced the intercropping technique of green asparagus and coriander, so as to provide technical support for large-area extension of greenhouse green asparagus cultivation and break the situation of single mode for .qreenhouse cultivation.
基金Supported by Key Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Fund of Hebei Province(13042805Z)~~
摘要[Objective] This study was to evaluate the efficacy of instant asparagus powder, a functional food made of asparagus, for improving sleep quality. [Method] A total of 60 volunteers were selected, and each of them consumed two bags of instant asparagus powder (24 g) once a day for 60 consecutive days. Then, the sleep quality of the volunteers was evaluated. At the same time, the safety indices and insomnia-related endocrine indices were determined. [Result] Instant asparagus powder significantly increased the sleep time of sleep disorders from 5.1 to 6.1 h, shortened the time to fall asleep from 50.4 to 25.3 rain, and reduced the time to fall asleep after being awake from 46.5 h to 19.5 h. The differences before and af- ter the consumption of instant asparagus powder were significant (P〈0.05). The sat- isfaction of sleep quality was high. Instant asparagus powder had good safety with- out liver and kidney function influence. Instant asparagus powder could reduce the levels of cortisol and norepinepthrine and increase the levels of serotonin and dopamine. [Conclusion] Instant asparagus powder could improve the quality of sleep, characterized by safety and effectiveness. The sleep quality-improving effect of in- stant asparagus powder might be related to the regulation of HPA axis or the regu- lation of serotonin secretion.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development, China (BE2021361)the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund ((CX(21)2037 and CX(22)3072))the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31672065)。
摘要Laboratory mutants of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib)de Bary,resistant to boscalid,have been extensively characterized.However,the resistance situation in the lettuce field remains largely elusive.In this study,among the 172 S.sclerotiorum isolates collected from asparagus lettuce field in Jiangsu Province,China,132 isolates(76.74%)exhibited low-level resistance to boscalid(BosLR),with a discriminatory dose of 5μg mL-1.In comparison to the boscalid-sensitive(BosS)isolates,most BosLRisolates demonstrated a slightly superior biological fitness,as evidenced by data on mycelial growth,sclerotium production and pathogenicity.Moreover,most BosLRisolates showed comparable levels of oxalic acid(OA)accumulation,increased exopolysaccharide(EPS)content and reduced membrane permeability when compared to the BosS isolates.Nevertheless,their responses to distinct stress factors diverged significantly.Furthermore,the effectiveness of boscalid in controlling BosLRisolates on radish was diminished compared to its efficacy on BosS isolates.Genetic mutations were identified in the SDH genes of BosLRisolates,revealing the existence of three resistant genotypes:I(A11Vat SDHB,SDHBA11V),II(Q38Rat SDHC,SDHCQ38R)and III(SDHBA11V+SDHCQ38R).Importantly,no cross-resistance was observed between boscalid and other fungicides such as thifluzamide,pydiflumetofen,fluazinam,or tebuconazole.Our molecular docking analysis indicated that the docking total score(DTS)of the type I resistant isolates(1.3993)was lower than that of the sensitive isolates(1.7499),implying a reduced affinity between SDHB and boscalid as a potential mechanism underlying the boscalid resistance in S.sclerotiorum.These findings contribute to an enhanced comprehension of boscalid’s mode of action and furnish valuable insights into the management of boscalid resistance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31770388 and U1802281)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program(Grant No.2019QZKK0502).
摘要Phytochemical investigation on the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis led to the isolation of one new furostanol saponin,named 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-22α-hydroxyl-(25R)-Δ5(6)-furost-3β,26-diol-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-glucopyranoside(1),along with three known congeners(2‒4).The structure of new saponin was elucidated via comprehensive inspection of its HRMS and NMR spectral data as well as chemical technology,whereas those of known ones were identified by comparison of their NMR and MS spectral data with those reported in literatures.All isolated saponins were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects on two human liver(MHCC97H)and lung adenocarcinoma(H1299)cancer cells in vitro.Among them,both 1 and 2 showed significant cytotoxicity against above mentioned cell lines.Further studies revealed that these two saponins could significantly inhibit their proliferation of MHCC97H and H1299 cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science foundation of China(No.20962013)
摘要AIM: To study the chemical constituents of the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Asparagaceae). METHOD: The compounds were isolated with Diaion HP20, silica gel, and ODS chromatography, and their structures were de- termined on the basis of chemical methods, HR-ESI-MS, and 1 D- and 2D-NMR techniques. RESULTS: Seven compounds were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of the roots of A. cochinchinensis, and their structures were elucidated as (25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5β-furostan-3β, 22a, 26-triol-12-one-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (25S)-26- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-22a-methoxy-5β-furostan-3p, 26-diol-12-one-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), (25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyra- nosyl-5β-furostan-3β, 22a, 26-triol (3), (25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5β-furstan-3β, 22a, 26-triol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), (25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5β-furostan-3β, 22a, 26-triol-3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1, 4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), (25S)- 5β-spirostan-3fl-ol-3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranoside (6), and (25S)-5β-spirostan-3β-ol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1 and 2 were two new furostanol saponins.
基金The financial support from the Thai Herbal NanoCosmeceuticals Coordinated Research Program,National Nanotechnology Center,National Science and Technology Development Agency,Thailand is gratefully acknowledged.
摘要The purpose of this study was to develop liposomal formulations of Asparagus racemosus root extract(AR1-6)as well as evaluate the physicochemical properties and in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activity.Liposomes composed of AR1-6 to lipid weight ratio of 1:10 and lecithin(LEC)or Phospholipon90G(PC90G)as structural phospholipid at 7:3 molar ratio to CHOL were prepared by various methods,i.e.chloroform-film(CF),reverse-phase evaporation(REV),polyol dilution(PD),and freeze-drying of monophase solution(MFD)methods.The results revealed that vesicles prepared by CF and MFD were multilamellar whereas those prepared by REV and PD were oligolamellar in nature with particle sizes ranging from 0.26 to 13.83 mm.The zeta potentials were in the range of1.5 to39.3 mV.AR1-6 liposomes with LEC possessed significantly higher entrapment than those with PC90G.The highest entrapment efficiency and in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activity of 69.08%and 25%,respectively,were obtained from liposomes having LEC and prepared by PD method.The tyrosinase inhibitory activity were in the rank order of LEC>PC90G,and PD>CF>REV>MFD.It could be concluded that the mechanism of vesicle forming in each method of preparation was the key factor influencing physicochemical properties,particularly vesicle type,size,surface charge,and entrapment,which were well correlated with the biological activity.
摘要Asparagus macowanfi Baker, is a climbing herbaceous foliage species in genus Asparagus of Liliaceae, This paper summarized its multiple uses, morphologi- cal characteristics, biological habit, reproduction methods, management after cultiva- tion, prevention and control of pests and disease, as well as harvest and grading, with the objective to provide references for the exploitation and utilization of As- paragus macowanii Baker.