Lead halide perovskites and carbon-based materials are interesting,high-performing electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.However,only a few studies have been carried out to examine in detail the electromagnetic wav...Lead halide perovskites and carbon-based materials are interesting,high-performing electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.However,only a few studies have been carried out to examine in detail the electromagnetic wave absorption properties of these materials.Moreover,because most perovskites contain lead and have low structural stabilities,concerns exist about the potential environmental and biological toxicity impacts associated with their use.In this effort,we demonstrate for the first time that the novel,non-toxic,and lead-free inorganic halide perovskite Cs2SnI6 absorbs electromagnetic waves.Specifically,we show that the SnI4-derived Cs2SnI6 perovskite can be synthesized by using a one-step solution-based method and that it has an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.4 GHz at a thickness of 1.9 mm.The outstanding performance profile of this material is attributed to dipole-like oscillation of cations and anions within Cs2SnI6 under alternating electromagnetic wave fields caused by mismatched motion of phases having different charges and masses that leads to dipole polarization.Furthermore,an investigation of sources for this effect provides valuable insights into the interrelationship that exists between impedance matching characteristics and electromagnetic wave absorption performance,which should highly benefit future designs of novel halide perovskite-based absorbing materials.展开更多
The progress of vanadate and vanadate-based composites has become very popular in the photocatalytic treatment of sewage.Many researches have been done on ortho-vanadates based on MVO4(M=Bi and Fe)and AgVO3,Ag_(...The progress of vanadate and vanadate-based composites has become very popular in the photocatalytic treatment of sewage.Many researches have been done on ortho-vanadates based on MVO4(M=Bi and Fe)and AgVO3,Ag3VO4as well as vanadate based on MV2O6,M3V2O8,M2V2O7of which(M=Zn,Cu,Ni,Co)have been applied as photo-catalysts for the remediation of wastewater.This category of compounds presents several fascinating characteristics associated with great stability,expansion pensive,and easy bio-functionalization.Multiple works have mentioned methods and strategies to conceive highly efficient vanadate photo-catalysts having different morphologies,facets,shapes,and oxygen vacancies.Here we have reviewed the synthesis methods of vanadium-based photo-catalysts,and the photosensitization mechanism in which the organic dye acts as both photosensitizer and sample to be decomposed.In addition,we have highlighted the overall sequential photocatalytic pathways and recent advances in the decomposition of different pollutants such as dyes and antibiotics.The three-step photocatalytic process of vanadate photo-catalysts has been described.Finally,the existing status,the challenges to enhance photo-activity,and potential future scenarios are briefly summarized.展开更多
Nickel-based superalloys(Ni-based superalloys)have attracted extensive attention in laser additive manufacturing(LAM)due to their capability to directly fabricate complex and high-performance structural components.How...Nickel-based superalloys(Ni-based superalloys)have attracted extensive attention in laser additive manufacturing(LAM)due to their capability to directly fabricate complex and high-performance structural components.However,the rapid melting and solidification inherent to LAM result in intense thermal cycling,which induces high residual stresses and microstructural heterogeneity within the fabricated parts.Among them,cracks,as the most destructive defects,can have a typical crack density of over five per mm2 without optimized processes.Moreover,the sudden failures of components caused by cracks account for more than 40%of the total failures of additively manufactured nickel-based superalloy components.They can rapidly expand along grain boundaries or brittle phases,significantly weakening the mechanical properties of components and causing sudden failures.To achieve highly reliable additive manufacturing components,it is essential to conduct in-depth research on the types,formation mechanisms of cracks in Ni-based superalloys,and their relationships with microstructure,residual stress,etc.This paper systematically reviews the crack characteristics and formation mechanisms of Ni-based superalloys during the laser additive manufacturing process,post-manufacturing,and service stages and comprehensively summarizes the current mainstream crack suppression strategies,specifically including process parameter optimization,residual stress regulation,alloy composition design,and subsequent post-treatment technologies,as well as incorporating emerging machine learning-assisted methods.The review aims to provide theoretical insights and technical guidance toward the development of crack-free Ni-based superalloy components fabricated by laser additive manufacturing.展开更多
Crumb rubber concrete(CRC)has emerged as a sustainable solution to the environmental challenges posed by rubber waste.This study introduces an advanced mixed-random-aggregate mesoscale model for CRC based on the Base ...Crumb rubber concrete(CRC)has emerged as a sustainable solution to the environmental challenges posed by rubber waste.This study introduces an advanced mixed-random-aggregate mesoscale model for CRC based on the Base Force Element Method(BFEM)and the complementary energy principle.The model incorporates different rubber substitution ratios(0%-30%),rubber particle sizes(2 mm and 4 mm),and specimen dimensions(edge lengths of 100,150,and 300 mm).These parameters are considered to investigate their effects on the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of CRC.Accordingly,the numerical results include stress-strain responses,elastic modulus,and damage progression patterns.The results indicate that increasing rubber content leads to a pronounced reduction in both tensile and compressive strengths.This drop occurs mainly because rubber particles have a much lower elastic modulus.Thus,they represent stress concentrators and weak points,which accelerate the sample failure.Moreover,for the same replacement ratio,CRC with smaller rubber particles(2 mm)exhibits lower strength than CRC with larger particles(4 mm).This reduction occurs because the finer particles create more interfacial areas,introducing more sites for defect initiation and micro-cracks.In addition,increasing specimen size is associated with reduced strength and elastic modulus,highlighting size-dependent phenomena in CRC.The numerical predictions show good agreement with experimental results reported in the literature.展开更多
An improved algorithm for traffic sign detection based on YOLOv8 is proposed. Firstly, YOLOv8n is used as the base model of the network, the inverted residual mobile block and exponential moving average(iRMB_EMA) atte...An improved algorithm for traffic sign detection based on YOLOv8 is proposed. Firstly, YOLOv8n is used as the base model of the network, the inverted residual mobile block and exponential moving average(iRMB_EMA) attention mechanism is used to improve the model's ability to perceive small targets, which reduces the leakage detection phenomenon of the model, convolution(Conv) is upgraded to receptive-field attention convolution(RFAConv), which improves the model's ability to deal with details and complexity in the image, the idea of adaptive spatial feature fusion(ASFF) is introduced in the detection head, and the small target detection layer, a four-head detection head is designed to improve the model's ability to detect small targets, solves the case of feature loss due to cross-scale fusion, and use of the Inner-minimum points distance intersection over union(MPDIoU) loss function provides a more accurate loss metric by calculating the distance of key points between the predicted and true frames. The experimental results of this algorithm on the public dataset CCTSDB show that the improved model mean average precision(m AP) reaches 82.6%, which is 4% higher than the YOLOv8n. The experimental results of dataset TT100k show that the m AP reaches 84.5%, which is 7.1% higher than the YOLOv8n. This algorithm effectively improves the problem of detail perception and leakage of the model in the detection of small targets, and has a significant detection effect compared to other algorithms.展开更多
Increasing demands for massive data transmission pose significant challenges to communication systems.Compared with traditional communication systems that focus on the accurate reconstruction of bit sequences,semantic...Increasing demands for massive data transmission pose significant challenges to communication systems.Compared with traditional communication systems that focus on the accurate reconstruction of bit sequences,semantic communications(Sem Coms),which aim to deliver information connotation,are regarded as a key technology for sixth-generation(6G)mobile networks.Most current Sem Coms utilize an end-to-end(E2E)trained neural network(NN)for semantic extraction and interpretation,which lacks interpretability for further optimization.Moreover,NN-based Sem Coms assume that the application and physical layers of the protocol stack can be jointly trained,which is incompatible with current digital communication systems.To overcome those drawbacks,we propose a Sem Com system that employs explicit semantic bases(Sebs)as the basic units to represent semantic connotations.First,a mathematical model of Sebs is proposed to build an explicit knowledge base(KB).Then,the Seb-based Sem Com architecture is proposed,including both a communication mode and a KB update mode to enable the evolution of communication systems.Sem-codec and channel codec modules are designed specifically,with the assistance of an explicit KB for the efficient and robust transmission of semantics.Moreover,unequal error protection(UEP)is strategically implemented,considering communication intent and the importance of Sebs,thereby ensuring the reliability of critical semantics.In addition,a Seb-based Sem Com protocol stack that is compatible with the fifth-generation(5G)protocol stack is proposed.To assess the effectiveness and compatibility of the proposed Seb-based Sem Coms,a case study focusing on an image-transmission task is conducted.The simulations show that our Seb-based Sem Coms outperform state-of-the-art works in learned perceptual image patch similarity(LPIPS)by over20%under varying communication intents and exhibit robustness under fluctuating channel conditions,highlighting the advantages of the interpretability and flexibility afforded by explicit Sebs.展开更多
Based on the microstructural evolution of an as-cast Mg-8Li-6Zn-1Y alloy after being performed high-temperature aging treatment at 300°C,330°C,and 400°C,it reveals that nano-sized quasi-crystalline stru...Based on the microstructural evolution of an as-cast Mg-8Li-6Zn-1Y alloy after being performed high-temperature aging treatment at 300°C,330°C,and 400°C,it reveals that nano-sized quasi-crystalline structured I-phase particles are precipitated inα-Mg matrix,whereas the high density of MgLiZn particles present inβ-Li matrix are mostly dissolved during thermal aging process.With increasing aging temperature and time,the size and quantity of precipitated I-phase particles increase gradually.For differently aged samples,the hardness values ofβ-Li matrix phase increase from 75 HV to 115 HV during the initial aging for up to 1 h and then stabilize at 115 HV with further prolonging the aging time,whereas the hardness values ofα-Mg matrix phase change slightly and vary from 62 HV to 70 HV.The maximum macro hardness values corresponding to peak-aged conditions of 300°C/16 h,330°C/8 h,and 400°C/4 h are respectively 89 HV,96 HV,and 87 HV.Tensile results demonstrate that the 330°C/8 h sample has the yield strength of 179 MPa and the ultimate tensile strength of 233 MPa,whereas those of as-cast sample are 116 MPa and 166 MPa,respectively.The main strengthening mechanism of high-temperature aged samples is attributed to the precipitation strengthening of nano-sized I-phase particles and solid solution strengthening because of the dissolution of MgLiZn phase.展开更多
Hydrogen(H2)plays a crucial part in the building of clean and sustainable energy systems due to its advantages of being renewable,clean,and pollution-free.Nevertheless,the secure and effective production-storage-tr...Hydrogen(H2)plays a crucial part in the building of clean and sustainable energy systems due to its advantages of being renewable,clean,and pollution-free.Nevertheless,the secure and effective production-storage-transportation of H2 presents critical challenges.Carbon-based(e.g.,HCOOH),boron-based(e.g.,NaBH4,NH3BH3,and N2H4BH3),and nitrogen-based(e.g.,N2H4·H2O and NH3)chemical hydrides are considered to be prospective chemical hydrogen storage materials that effectively avoid the problems of storage and transportation of H2.The exploration of advanced catalysts with specific selectivity,satisfactory activity,and excellent chemical stability is essential for H2 production from the abovementioned chemical hydrides.Cu-based catalysts are broadly applied in the dehydrogenation of chemical hydrides for H2 production owing to their properties of cost-effectiveness,unique filled electronic configuration,and appropriate surface adsorption energy.Here,we review and highlight advanced Cu-based heterogeneous catalysts(e.g.,monometallic,bimetallic,and multimetallic catalysts,single-atom catalysts,and photocatalysts)for efficient H2 production from the dehydrogenation of carbon-based,boron-based,and nitrogen-based chemical hydrides.Finally,primary challenges and future prospects of Cu-based heterogeneous catalysts for efficient H2 production from the dehydrogenation of chemical hydrides are also discussed.展开更多
A tetranuclear Ho(Ⅲ)-based complex[Ho4(L)2(dbm)6(CH3O)4](1)was synthesized via solvothermal methods,where HL=(E)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N′-[(6-methoxypyridin-2-yl)methylene]benzohydrazide and Hdbm=dibenz...A tetranuclear Ho(Ⅲ)-based complex[Ho4(L)2(dbm)6(CH3O)4](1)was synthesized via solvothermal methods,where HL=(E)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N′-[(6-methoxypyridin-2-yl)methylene]benzohydrazide and Hdbm=dibenzoylmethane.Structural characterization revealed that this complex is composed of four Ho3+ions,six dbm-ions,two L-ions,and four coordinated CH3O-ions.The interaction mechanisms between ligand HL,1 and calf thymus DNA(CT-DNA)were investigated by using UV-Vis spectroscopy,fluorescence titration,and cyclic voltammetry.The results indicated that 1 can interact with DNA via intercalation.Catalytic tests showed that 1 exhibits remarkable catalytic activity,capable of catalyzing the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 with epoxides and the Knoevenagel condensation reaction between malononitrile and aldehydes.CCDC:2488751.展开更多
Chinese herbal medicine Danshen(Salvia miltiorrhiza)has suggested therapeutic effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,inflammatory reactions and tumors,perhaps due to secondary metabolites,such as tansh...Chinese herbal medicine Danshen(Salvia miltiorrhiza)has suggested therapeutic effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,inflammatory reactions and tumors,perhaps due to secondary metabolites,such as tanshinone.Danshen is sensitive to most broad-spectrum herbicides,thus it is a challenge to manage weeds during planting.Although CRISPR/Cas gene editing has been used to knock out important genes in Danshen,the more accurate base editing method has rarely been applied to this species.We developed an efficient adenine base editing system for Danshen and observed its editing effect in callus and transgenic plants.To demonstrate the efficacy of this technique,we generated several novel Danshen germplasms with mutant a-tubulins,some of which displayed resistance to a dinitroaniline herbicide,pendimethalin,in Danshen planting.We also found distinct effects of the different Danshen mutant tubulin homologues on dinitroaniline sensitivity,perhaps indicating a functional differentiation of the a-tubulin genes.Our work provides a new gene modification method for Danshen breeding,which might be extended to other medicinal plants.展开更多
Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic psychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 0.7%–1%worldwide[1].Aripiprazole is widely used for schizophrenia treatment,and known as a dopamine system stabil...Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic psychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 0.7%–1%worldwide[1].Aripiprazole is widely used for schizophrenia treatment,and known as a dopamine system stabilizer due to its partial agonist activity as the dopamine-2(D2)and serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A(5-HT1A)receptors,as well as antagonist action at the 5-HT2A receptors[2].The investigational microsphere-based aripiprazole injection in this study is a novel long-acting formulation designed to optimize the release profile at the dose of 350 mg monthly.The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics,efficacy,and safety of the microsphere-based formulation,particularly the fluctuations in the peak-to-trough plasma concentration ratio.展开更多
The high operating temperatures and sluggish kinetics of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials(HSMs)are urgently being addressed.In this work,a novel Mg-Ni-Ga HSM with dual-phase synergistic catalysis is developed,inclu...The high operating temperatures and sluggish kinetics of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials(HSMs)are urgently being addressed.In this work,a novel Mg-Ni-Ga HSM with dual-phase synergistic catalysis is developed,including the fishbone-like Mg3Ni2Ga1 catalytic phase and the Mg2Ni phase with stacking faults(SFs).The spheroidization of Mg grains is inhibited by the pinning effect of the Mg3Ni2Ga1 phase,and the high-energy Mg grain boundaries are obtained.High-density SFs are induced in the Mg2Ni phase via Ga dissolution.It is worth noting that Mg94.5Ni5Ga0.5 alloy absorbs 0.37 wt%H2 merely at 25℃,and absorbs 2.71 wt%H2 at 150℃ under even 0.1 MPa.The dehydrogenation activation energy is significantly decreased from 81.86 kJ mol-1 in Mg95Ni5 alloy to 67.68 kJ mol-1.The room temperature and low-pressure hydrogenation performance are achieved through these multiphase synergistic catalysis:H2 molecule dissociation facilitated by the Mg3Ni2Ga1 phase,hydride nucleation promoted by high-energy Mg grain boundaries,additional rapid diffusion channels for H atoms,and the enhanced"hydrogen pump"effect provided by the Mg2Ni phase with SFs structure.展开更多
The creep anisotropy of a duplex Mg-9Li-4Al-1Zn(LAZ941)alloy,possessing a lamellar microstructure with both geometric and mechanical heterogeneity,was systematically investigated.The minimum creep rate and fracture be...The creep anisotropy of a duplex Mg-9Li-4Al-1Zn(LAZ941)alloy,possessing a lamellar microstructure with both geometric and mechanical heterogeneity,was systematically investigated.The minimum creep rate and fracture behavior were dependent on the geometric relationship between the tensile stress axis and the phase boundaries.Specifically,the creep resistance was superior when the stress axis was parallel to the phase boundaries compared to the perpendicular orientation.This anisotropy was found to originate from the distinct mechanical responses of the layered microstructure,which can be consistently explained by a composite theory.When loaded parallel to the phase boundaries,the hard and soft phases deform under an isostrain condition.As a result,the macroscopic creep behavior is strongly influenced by the more creep-resistant α phase,leading to a low creep rate and a stress exponent approaching that of the α phase.Conversely,when loaded perpendicular to the phase boundaries,the constituent phases deform under an isostress condition.This concentrates strain within the softer β phase,resulting in a high creep rate and a stress exponent approaching that of the β phase.These findings provide a foundational framework for the composite-theory-based design of materials possessing a lamellar structure.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter presents anε-exact penalty-based scalarization method to solve the constrained multi-objective optimization problem of load sharing and transmission loss minimization within voltage safety con...Dear Editor,This letter presents anε-exact penalty-based scalarization method to solve the constrained multi-objective optimization problem of load sharing and transmission loss minimization within voltage safety constraints in a meshed direct current(DC)microgrid.A distributed predefined-time optimization algorithm is designed and implemented by deploying consensus-based observers to obtain an optimal solution.The proposed algorithm is verified by simulations and hardware-in-the-loop experiments in cases of load variation,plugand-play,grid change,and by comparative study.展开更多
Photochromic materials have drawn considerable interest in chemical and material sciences,owing to their unique photo-responsive properties and transformative potential in smart material applications.Among these,ESIPT...Photochromic materials have drawn considerable interest in chemical and material sciences,owing to their unique photo-responsive properties and transformative potential in smart material applications.Among these,ESIPT-triggered photochromic systems stand out as a particularly promising subclass because of their exceptional photochromic property.However,existing reviews have primarily concentrated on Schiff base derivatives within this category,largely overlooking critical advancements in three key dimensions:(1)The discovery of novel ESIPT-triggered structural frameworks beyond traditional systems,(2)innovative synthetic methodologies enabling precise control of photochromic behaviors in both solid and solution states,and(3)the emergence of unprecedented functional properties driving cutting-edge applications.These oversights have created a significant knowledge gap in comprehensively understanding the rapid evolution of ESIPT-triggered photochromic materials.Therefore,this review systematically summarizes recent breakthroughs through three analytical lenses:First,we establish a structural taxonomy of ESIPT photochromophores,elucidating design principles that govern their performance.Second,we summarize advanced construction strategies that can synthesize tailored ESIPT photochromophores in different phase states.Third,we summarize the expanding application landscape of ESIPT photochromic materials in various functional domains.By integrating fundamental understanding with application-oriented perspectives,this work is expected to inspire the development of smart materials and photoresponsive systems.展开更多
Prelithiation is effective for compensating active lithium-ion(Li+)loss in silicon(Si)-based battery electrode materials.However,owing to the dynamic growth of the solid electrolyte interface(SEI),capacity fading r...Prelithiation is effective for compensating active lithium-ion(Li+)loss in silicon(Si)-based battery electrode materials.However,owing to the dynamic growth of the solid electrolyte interface(SEI),capacity fading remains the biggest challenge for the industrialization of Si electrodes.To address this problem,a novel ether-based prelithiation reagent was rationally designed by exploiting the weak solvent-solute coordination and the competitive reduction mechanism among electrolyte components.Precise regulation of the Li+solvation structure enhanced Li+transport during prelithiation,achieving an exceptional initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)of~100%for the Si/carbon(Si/C)anode after performing contact prelithiation for 2 min.Furthermore,the lithium fluoride(LiF)-rich interface with high mechanical toughness was pre-formed to assist in the formation of a stable SEI controlling the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)energy and binding energy of the prelithiation reagent,thereby improving the half-cell cycle performance.Consequently,the ICE of the full-cell incorporating the prelithiated Si/C anode increased by 40%compared with that containing as-received materials,and the corresponding energy density was 551.2 Wh kg-1 based on the electrode material after 3 cycles.Furthermore,theoretical calculations combined with in situ characterization techniques confirmed the strong potential of the contact prelithiation design strategy for large-scale industrial applications.展开更多
基金financially supported by Jiangxi Provincial Science and Technology Talent Plan Project(Grant No.20243BCE51119)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2025BAC240725)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Dongguan(Grant No.20241201300022)。
摘要Lead halide perovskites and carbon-based materials are interesting,high-performing electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.However,only a few studies have been carried out to examine in detail the electromagnetic wave absorption properties of these materials.Moreover,because most perovskites contain lead and have low structural stabilities,concerns exist about the potential environmental and biological toxicity impacts associated with their use.In this effort,we demonstrate for the first time that the novel,non-toxic,and lead-free inorganic halide perovskite Cs2SnI6 absorbs electromagnetic waves.Specifically,we show that the SnI4-derived Cs2SnI6 perovskite can be synthesized by using a one-step solution-based method and that it has an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.4 GHz at a thickness of 1.9 mm.The outstanding performance profile of this material is attributed to dipole-like oscillation of cations and anions within Cs2SnI6 under alternating electromagnetic wave fields caused by mismatched motion of phases having different charges and masses that leads to dipole polarization.Furthermore,an investigation of sources for this effect provides valuable insights into the interrelationship that exists between impedance matching characteristics and electromagnetic wave absorption performance,which should highly benefit future designs of novel halide perovskite-based absorbing materials.
摘要The progress of vanadate and vanadate-based composites has become very popular in the photocatalytic treatment of sewage.Many researches have been done on ortho-vanadates based on MVO4(M=Bi and Fe)and AgVO3,Ag3VO4as well as vanadate based on MV2O6,M3V2O8,M2V2O7of which(M=Zn,Cu,Ni,Co)have been applied as photo-catalysts for the remediation of wastewater.This category of compounds presents several fascinating characteristics associated with great stability,expansion pensive,and easy bio-functionalization.Multiple works have mentioned methods and strategies to conceive highly efficient vanadate photo-catalysts having different morphologies,facets,shapes,and oxygen vacancies.Here we have reviewed the synthesis methods of vanadium-based photo-catalysts,and the photosensitization mechanism in which the organic dye acts as both photosensitizer and sample to be decomposed.In addition,we have highlighted the overall sequential photocatalytic pathways and recent advances in the decomposition of different pollutants such as dyes and antibiotics.The three-step photocatalytic process of vanadate photo-catalysts has been described.Finally,the existing status,the challenges to enhance photo-activity,and potential future scenarios are briefly summarized.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52371014)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.JCYJ20230807091401004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.20720230036)。
摘要Nickel-based superalloys(Ni-based superalloys)have attracted extensive attention in laser additive manufacturing(LAM)due to their capability to directly fabricate complex and high-performance structural components.However,the rapid melting and solidification inherent to LAM result in intense thermal cycling,which induces high residual stresses and microstructural heterogeneity within the fabricated parts.Among them,cracks,as the most destructive defects,can have a typical crack density of over five per mm2 without optimized processes.Moreover,the sudden failures of components caused by cracks account for more than 40%of the total failures of additively manufactured nickel-based superalloy components.They can rapidly expand along grain boundaries or brittle phases,significantly weakening the mechanical properties of components and causing sudden failures.To achieve highly reliable additive manufacturing components,it is essential to conduct in-depth research on the types,formation mechanisms of cracks in Ni-based superalloys,and their relationships with microstructure,residual stress,etc.This paper systematically reviews the crack characteristics and formation mechanisms of Ni-based superalloys during the laser additive manufacturing process,post-manufacturing,and service stages and comprehensively summarizes the current mainstream crack suppression strategies,specifically including process parameter optimization,residual stress regulation,alloy composition design,and subsequent post-treatment technologies,as well as incorporating emerging machine learning-assisted methods.The review aims to provide theoretical insights and technical guidance toward the development of crack-free Ni-based superalloy components fabricated by laser additive manufacturing.
基金supported by National Science Foundation of China(10972015,11172015)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(8162008).
摘要Crumb rubber concrete(CRC)has emerged as a sustainable solution to the environmental challenges posed by rubber waste.This study introduces an advanced mixed-random-aggregate mesoscale model for CRC based on the Base Force Element Method(BFEM)and the complementary energy principle.The model incorporates different rubber substitution ratios(0%-30%),rubber particle sizes(2 mm and 4 mm),and specimen dimensions(edge lengths of 100,150,and 300 mm).These parameters are considered to investigate their effects on the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of CRC.Accordingly,the numerical results include stress-strain responses,elastic modulus,and damage progression patterns.The results indicate that increasing rubber content leads to a pronounced reduction in both tensile and compressive strengths.This drop occurs mainly because rubber particles have a much lower elastic modulus.Thus,they represent stress concentrators and weak points,which accelerate the sample failure.Moreover,for the same replacement ratio,CRC with smaller rubber particles(2 mm)exhibits lower strength than CRC with larger particles(4 mm).This reduction occurs because the finer particles create more interfacial areas,introducing more sites for defect initiation and micro-cracks.In addition,increasing specimen size is associated with reduced strength and elastic modulus,highlighting size-dependent phenomena in CRC.The numerical predictions show good agreement with experimental results reported in the literature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61961037)。
摘要An improved algorithm for traffic sign detection based on YOLOv8 is proposed. Firstly, YOLOv8n is used as the base model of the network, the inverted residual mobile block and exponential moving average(iRMB_EMA) attention mechanism is used to improve the model's ability to perceive small targets, which reduces the leakage detection phenomenon of the model, convolution(Conv) is upgraded to receptive-field attention convolution(RFAConv), which improves the model's ability to deal with details and complexity in the image, the idea of adaptive spatial feature fusion(ASFF) is introduced in the detection head, and the small target detection layer, a four-head detection head is designed to improve the model's ability to detect small targets, solves the case of feature loss due to cross-scale fusion, and use of the Inner-minimum points distance intersection over union(MPDIoU) loss function provides a more accurate loss metric by calculating the distance of key points between the predicted and true frames. The experimental results of this algorithm on the public dataset CCTSDB show that the improved model mean average precision(m AP) reaches 82.6%, which is 4% higher than the YOLOv8n. The experimental results of dataset TT100k show that the m AP reaches 84.5%, which is 7.1% higher than the YOLOv8n. This algorithm effectively improves the problem of detail perception and leakage of the model in the detection of small targets, and has a significant detection effect compared to other algorithms.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62293485 and 62301069)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2025TSQY11)。
摘要Increasing demands for massive data transmission pose significant challenges to communication systems.Compared with traditional communication systems that focus on the accurate reconstruction of bit sequences,semantic communications(Sem Coms),which aim to deliver information connotation,are regarded as a key technology for sixth-generation(6G)mobile networks.Most current Sem Coms utilize an end-to-end(E2E)trained neural network(NN)for semantic extraction and interpretation,which lacks interpretability for further optimization.Moreover,NN-based Sem Coms assume that the application and physical layers of the protocol stack can be jointly trained,which is incompatible with current digital communication systems.To overcome those drawbacks,we propose a Sem Com system that employs explicit semantic bases(Sebs)as the basic units to represent semantic connotations.First,a mathematical model of Sebs is proposed to build an explicit knowledge base(KB).Then,the Seb-based Sem Com architecture is proposed,including both a communication mode and a KB update mode to enable the evolution of communication systems.Sem-codec and channel codec modules are designed specifically,with the assistance of an explicit KB for the efficient and robust transmission of semantics.Moreover,unequal error protection(UEP)is strategically implemented,considering communication intent and the importance of Sebs,thereby ensuring the reliability of critical semantics.In addition,a Seb-based Sem Com protocol stack that is compatible with the fifth-generation(5G)protocol stack is proposed.To assess the effectiveness and compatibility of the proposed Seb-based Sem Coms,a case study focusing on an image-transmission task is conducted.The simulations show that our Seb-based Sem Coms outperform state-of-the-art works in learned perceptual image patch similarity(LPIPS)by over20%under varying communication intents and exhibit robustness under fluctuating channel conditions,highlighting the advantages of the interpretability and flexibility afforded by explicit Sebs.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Projects under Grant[Nos.U21A2049,52071220,51871211]Liaoning Province’s project of“Revitalizing Liaoning Talents”(XLYC1907062)+1 种基金the Innovation Fund of Institute of Metal Research(IMR)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).
摘要Based on the microstructural evolution of an as-cast Mg-8Li-6Zn-1Y alloy after being performed high-temperature aging treatment at 300°C,330°C,and 400°C,it reveals that nano-sized quasi-crystalline structured I-phase particles are precipitated inα-Mg matrix,whereas the high density of MgLiZn particles present inβ-Li matrix are mostly dissolved during thermal aging process.With increasing aging temperature and time,the size and quantity of precipitated I-phase particles increase gradually.For differently aged samples,the hardness values ofβ-Li matrix phase increase from 75 HV to 115 HV during the initial aging for up to 1 h and then stabilize at 115 HV with further prolonging the aging time,whereas the hardness values ofα-Mg matrix phase change slightly and vary from 62 HV to 70 HV.The maximum macro hardness values corresponding to peak-aged conditions of 300°C/16 h,330°C/8 h,and 400°C/4 h are respectively 89 HV,96 HV,and 87 HV.Tensile results demonstrate that the 330°C/8 h sample has the yield strength of 179 MPa and the ultimate tensile strength of 233 MPa,whereas those of as-cast sample are 116 MPa and 166 MPa,respectively.The main strengthening mechanism of high-temperature aged samples is attributed to the precipitation strengthening of nano-sized I-phase particles and solid solution strengthening because of the dissolution of MgLiZn phase.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22162014 and U24A2044)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.20252BAC250037)。
摘要Hydrogen(H2)plays a crucial part in the building of clean and sustainable energy systems due to its advantages of being renewable,clean,and pollution-free.Nevertheless,the secure and effective production-storage-transportation of H2 presents critical challenges.Carbon-based(e.g.,HCOOH),boron-based(e.g.,NaBH4,NH3BH3,and N2H4BH3),and nitrogen-based(e.g.,N2H4·H2O and NH3)chemical hydrides are considered to be prospective chemical hydrogen storage materials that effectively avoid the problems of storage and transportation of H2.The exploration of advanced catalysts with specific selectivity,satisfactory activity,and excellent chemical stability is essential for H2 production from the abovementioned chemical hydrides.Cu-based catalysts are broadly applied in the dehydrogenation of chemical hydrides for H2 production owing to their properties of cost-effectiveness,unique filled electronic configuration,and appropriate surface adsorption energy.Here,we review and highlight advanced Cu-based heterogeneous catalysts(e.g.,monometallic,bimetallic,and multimetallic catalysts,single-atom catalysts,and photocatalysts)for efficient H2 production from the dehydrogenation of carbon-based,boron-based,and nitrogen-based chemical hydrides.Finally,primary challenges and future prospects of Cu-based heterogeneous catalysts for efficient H2 production from the dehydrogenation of chemical hydrides are also discussed.
摘要A tetranuclear Ho(Ⅲ)-based complex[Ho4(L)2(dbm)6(CH3O)4](1)was synthesized via solvothermal methods,where HL=(E)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N′-[(6-methoxypyridin-2-yl)methylene]benzohydrazide and Hdbm=dibenzoylmethane.Structural characterization revealed that this complex is composed of four Ho3+ions,six dbm-ions,two L-ions,and four coordinated CH3O-ions.The interaction mechanisms between ligand HL,1 and calf thymus DNA(CT-DNA)were investigated by using UV-Vis spectroscopy,fluorescence titration,and cyclic voltammetry.The results indicated that 1 can interact with DNA via intercalation.Catalytic tests showed that 1 exhibits remarkable catalytic activity,capable of catalyzing the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 with epoxides and the Knoevenagel condensation reaction between malononitrile and aldehydes.CCDC:2488751.
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(Grant Nos.2021LZGC012,2022LZGC001)the Natural Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant Nos.ZR2023MC142,ZR2020MC055)。
摘要Chinese herbal medicine Danshen(Salvia miltiorrhiza)has suggested therapeutic effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,inflammatory reactions and tumors,perhaps due to secondary metabolites,such as tanshinone.Danshen is sensitive to most broad-spectrum herbicides,thus it is a challenge to manage weeds during planting.Although CRISPR/Cas gene editing has been used to knock out important genes in Danshen,the more accurate base editing method has rarely been applied to this species.We developed an efficient adenine base editing system for Danshen and observed its editing effect in callus and transgenic plants.To demonstrate the efficacy of this technique,we generated several novel Danshen germplasms with mutant a-tubulins,some of which displayed resistance to a dinitroaniline herbicide,pendimethalin,in Danshen planting.We also found distinct effects of the different Danshen mutant tubulin homologues on dinitroaniline sensitivity,perhaps indicating a functional differentiation of the a-tubulin genes.Our work provides a new gene modification method for Danshen breeding,which might be extended to other medicinal plants.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant No.:2017ZX09201004-016).
摘要Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic psychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 0.7%–1%worldwide[1].Aripiprazole is widely used for schizophrenia treatment,and known as a dopamine system stabilizer due to its partial agonist activity as the dopamine-2(D2)and serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A(5-HT1A)receptors,as well as antagonist action at the 5-HT2A receptors[2].The investigational microsphere-based aripiprazole injection in this study is a novel long-acting formulation designed to optimize the release profile at the dose of 350 mg monthly.The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics,efficacy,and safety of the microsphere-based formulation,particularly the fluctuations in the peak-to-trough plasma concentration ratio.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB4005401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52574432 and 52425401)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52204386)the Key R&D and Achievement Transformation Plan(Grant No.2025YFHH0096)the Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(Grant No.JQ2023E003)。
摘要The high operating temperatures and sluggish kinetics of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials(HSMs)are urgently being addressed.In this work,a novel Mg-Ni-Ga HSM with dual-phase synergistic catalysis is developed,including the fishbone-like Mg3Ni2Ga1 catalytic phase and the Mg2Ni phase with stacking faults(SFs).The spheroidization of Mg grains is inhibited by the pinning effect of the Mg3Ni2Ga1 phase,and the high-energy Mg grain boundaries are obtained.High-density SFs are induced in the Mg2Ni phase via Ga dissolution.It is worth noting that Mg94.5Ni5Ga0.5 alloy absorbs 0.37 wt%H2 merely at 25℃,and absorbs 2.71 wt%H2 at 150℃ under even 0.1 MPa.The dehydrogenation activation energy is significantly decreased from 81.86 kJ mol-1 in Mg95Ni5 alloy to 67.68 kJ mol-1.The room temperature and low-pressure hydrogenation performance are achieved through these multiphase synergistic catalysis:H2 molecule dissociation facilitated by the Mg3Ni2Ga1 phase,hydride nucleation promoted by high-energy Mg grain boundaries,additional rapid diffusion channels for H atoms,and the enhanced"hydrogen pump"effect provided by the Mg2Ni phase with SFs structure.
基金partially supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI(24K17514)Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST)FOREST(JPMJFR2462)+1 种基金Iketani Science and Technology Foundation(0371193-A)the Light Metal Educational Foundation(2025-B-049).
摘要The creep anisotropy of a duplex Mg-9Li-4Al-1Zn(LAZ941)alloy,possessing a lamellar microstructure with both geometric and mechanical heterogeneity,was systematically investigated.The minimum creep rate and fracture behavior were dependent on the geometric relationship between the tensile stress axis and the phase boundaries.Specifically,the creep resistance was superior when the stress axis was parallel to the phase boundaries compared to the perpendicular orientation.This anisotropy was found to originate from the distinct mechanical responses of the layered microstructure,which can be consistently explained by a composite theory.When loaded parallel to the phase boundaries,the hard and soft phases deform under an isostrain condition.As a result,the macroscopic creep behavior is strongly influenced by the more creep-resistant α phase,leading to a low creep rate and a stress exponent approaching that of the α phase.Conversely,when loaded perpendicular to the phase boundaries,the constituent phases deform under an isostress condition.This concentrates strain within the softer β phase,resulting in a high creep rate and a stress exponent approaching that of the β phase.These findings provide a foundational framework for the composite-theory-based design of materials possessing a lamellar structure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62573202)。
摘要Dear Editor,This letter presents anε-exact penalty-based scalarization method to solve the constrained multi-objective optimization problem of load sharing and transmission loss minimization within voltage safety constraints in a meshed direct current(DC)microgrid.A distributed predefined-time optimization algorithm is designed and implemented by deploying consensus-based observers to obtain an optimal solution.The proposed algorithm is verified by simulations and hardware-in-the-loop experiments in cases of load variation,plugand-play,grid change,and by comparative study.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22405053)Changzhou Leading Innovative Talent Introduction and Cultivation Program(Basic Research Innovation Category D,No.CQ20240105).
摘要Photochromic materials have drawn considerable interest in chemical and material sciences,owing to their unique photo-responsive properties and transformative potential in smart material applications.Among these,ESIPT-triggered photochromic systems stand out as a particularly promising subclass because of their exceptional photochromic property.However,existing reviews have primarily concentrated on Schiff base derivatives within this category,largely overlooking critical advancements in three key dimensions:(1)The discovery of novel ESIPT-triggered structural frameworks beyond traditional systems,(2)innovative synthetic methodologies enabling precise control of photochromic behaviors in both solid and solution states,and(3)the emergence of unprecedented functional properties driving cutting-edge applications.These oversights have created a significant knowledge gap in comprehensively understanding the rapid evolution of ESIPT-triggered photochromic materials.Therefore,this review systematically summarizes recent breakthroughs through three analytical lenses:First,we establish a structural taxonomy of ESIPT photochromophores,elucidating design principles that govern their performance.Second,we summarize advanced construction strategies that can synthesize tailored ESIPT photochromophores in different phase states.Third,we summarize the expanding application landscape of ESIPT photochromic materials in various functional domains.By integrating fundamental understanding with application-oriented perspectives,this work is expected to inspire the development of smart materials and photoresponsive systems.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52302244 and 52171180)Henan Province Key Science and Technology Research Projects(Grant No.252102240001)+3 种基金the Graduate Education Reform Project of Henan Province(Grant No.2023SJGLX034Y)the Postgraduate Education Reform Project of Henan Polytechnic University(Grant No.2024YJ01)the Engineering Research Center of Low-carbon Aerospace Power,Ministry of Education(Grant No.CEPE2024021)Open Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Electronic Manufacturing and Packaging Integration,Wuhan University(Grant No.EMPI2025021)。
摘要Prelithiation is effective for compensating active lithium-ion(Li+)loss in silicon(Si)-based battery electrode materials.However,owing to the dynamic growth of the solid electrolyte interface(SEI),capacity fading remains the biggest challenge for the industrialization of Si electrodes.To address this problem,a novel ether-based prelithiation reagent was rationally designed by exploiting the weak solvent-solute coordination and the competitive reduction mechanism among electrolyte components.Precise regulation of the Li+solvation structure enhanced Li+transport during prelithiation,achieving an exceptional initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)of~100%for the Si/carbon(Si/C)anode after performing contact prelithiation for 2 min.Furthermore,the lithium fluoride(LiF)-rich interface with high mechanical toughness was pre-formed to assist in the formation of a stable SEI controlling the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)energy and binding energy of the prelithiation reagent,thereby improving the half-cell cycle performance.Consequently,the ICE of the full-cell incorporating the prelithiated Si/C anode increased by 40%compared with that containing as-received materials,and the corresponding energy density was 551.2 Wh kg-1 based on the electrode material after 3 cycles.Furthermore,theoretical calculations combined with in situ characterization techniques confirmed the strong potential of the contact prelithiation design strategy for large-scale industrial applications.