Clinacanthus nutans is valued for its medicinal properties,largely attributed to bioactive compounds such as flavonoids,polyphenols,and other secondary metabolites.These compounds accumulate differentially across tiss...Clinacanthus nutans is valued for its medicinal properties,largely attributed to bioactive compounds such as flavonoids,polyphenols,and other secondary metabolites.These compounds accumulate differentially across tissues and are influenced by environmental cues and phytohormones like methyl jasmonate(MeJA).Transcription factors play pivotal roles in mediating these responses,with the basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)gene family emerging as key regulators of hormone-and stress-responsive gene expression involved in secondary metabolism.In this study,182 bHLHs were identified in C.nutans,labeled CnbHLH001 to CnbHLH182 according to their chromosomal locations.Phylogenetic analysis grouped them into 26 subfamilies,with 10 classified as orphans.Structural characterization revealed subfamily-specific motif architectures and exon–intron structures.Gene duplication analysis indicated that segmental duplication was a major driver of CnbHLH family expansion,and expression analysis suggested both conserved and divergent expression among duplicated gene pairs.Tandemly duplicated genes such as CnbHLH044 to CnbHLH047 showed similar expression patterns.Synteny analysis showed that CnbHLHs in Acanthaceae species are more similar to each other than to genes in other species,suggesting a possible Acanthaceae-specific expansion.Furthermore,this study provides the first genome-wide analysis of CnbHLHs expression in response to abiotic stresses.Many CnbHLHs showed tissuespecific expression and responded differentially to MeJA and stress treatments.These findings provide a foundation for future research to explore the regulatory mechanisms of CnbHLHs and their potential to improve the medicinal properties of C.nutans.展开更多
The highbush blueberry(Vaccinium corymbosum),Duke,was used to construct a de novo transcriptome sequence library and to perform data statistical analysis.Mega 4,CLC Sequence Viewer 6 software,and quantitative PCR we...The highbush blueberry(Vaccinium corymbosum),Duke,was used to construct a de novo transcriptome sequence library and to perform data statistical analysis.Mega 4,CLC Sequence Viewer 6 software,and quantitative PCR were employed for bioinformatics and expression analyses of the basic helix-loop-helix(BHLH)transcription factors of the sequencing library.The results showed that 28.38 gigabytes of valid data were obtained from transcriptome sequencing and were assembled into 108 033 unigenes.Functional annotation showed that 32 244 unigenes were annotated into Clusters of Orthologous Groups(COG)and Gene Ontology(GO)databases,whereas the rest of the 75 789 unigenes had no matching information.By using COG and GO classification tools,sequences with annotation information were divided into 25 and 52 categories,respectively,which involved transport and metabolism,transcriptional regulation,and signal transduction.Analysis of the transcriptome library identified a total of 59 BHLH genes.Sequence analysis revealed that 55 genes of that contained a complete BHLH domain.Furthermore,phylogenetic analysis showed that BHLH genes of blueberry(Duke)could be divided into 13 sub-groups.PCR results showed that 45 genes were expressed at various developmental stages of buds,stems,leaves,flowers,and fruits,suggesting that the function of BHLH was associated with the development of different tissues and organs of blueberry,Duke.The present study would provided a foundation for further investigations on the classification and functions of the blueberry BHLH family.展开更多
The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)family of transcription factors is one of the largest and oldest transcription factor families in plants.Members of the bHLH family regulate various growth and metabolic processes in pl...The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)family of transcription factors is one of the largest and oldest transcription factor families in plants.Members of the bHLH family regulate various growth and metabolic processes in plants.We used quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping and transcriptome sequencing(RNA-seq)to identify PRE1 as a candidate bHLH transcription factor associated with root dry weight(RDW)in poplar.PRE1 was highly expressed in the roots and xylem,and was responsive to gibberellin,salicylic acid,drought,and salt stress.We cloned the PRE1 homolog from Populus simonii'Tongliao1',referred to as PsPRE1,and transformed it into 84K poplar(Populus alba×Populus glandulosa).The overexpression of PsPRE1 in 84K poplar increased adventitious root development,fresh weight,total root number,and maximum root length.Poplar lines overexpressing PsPRE1 also exhibited enhanced salt tolerance while retaining a normal growth phenotype in the presence of salt stress.Catalase(CAT)activity in the PsPRE1 overexpression lines was higher than that of the wild-type,which may play a role in detoxifying stress-induced hydrogen peroxide production.An RNA-seq analysis of the PsPRE1 overexpression line revealed several differentially expressed genes(DEGs)involved in or related to auxin-,gibberellin-,and salicylic acid pathways,which indicates that the regulation of root development in poplar by PsPRE1 may involve multiple hormones.展开更多
In this paper we study the properties of homotopy inverses of comultiplications and Mgebraic loops of co-H-spaces based on a wedge of spheres. We also investigate a method to construct new comultiplications out of old...In this paper we study the properties of homotopy inverses of comultiplications and Mgebraic loops of co-H-spaces based on a wedge of spheres. We also investigate a method to construct new comultiplications out of old ones by using a group action. We are primarily interested in the algebraic loops which have inversive, power-associative and Moufang properties for some comultiplications.展开更多
Aim: To identify specifically expressed genes in the adult and fetal testes. Methods: A human testis cDNA microarray was established. Then the mRNA of adult and fetal testis was purified and probes were prepared by a ...Aim: To identify specifically expressed genes in the adult and fetal testes. Methods: A human testis cDNA microarray was established. Then the mRNA of adult and fetal testis was purified and probes were prepared by a reverse transcription reaction with the testis mRNA as template. The microarray was hybridized with probes of adult and fetal testes. The nucleic sequences of differentially expressed genes were determined and homologies were searched in the databases of the GenBank. Results: When hybridized with adult or fetal testis probes, the positive clones were 96.8 % and 95.4 %, respectively. Among these genes, one was a new testis-specific gene, which was named TSP1. TSP1 was highly expressed in human adult testis. The cDNA of TSP1 was 1,484 bp in length. The cDNA sequence of this clone was deposited in the Genbank (AF333098). TSP1 was also determined as Interim Gen Symbol (Unigene, No. Hs.98266). Protein analysis showed that TSP1 contained two functional domains: an N-terminal basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and a C-terminal leucine zipper (Zip). Homologous analysis showed that the 430 amino acid sequences deduced from the 1,293 bp open reading frame (ORF) had a homology with the human gene FLJ2509 (AK098575). TSP1 had also a sequence homology with Spz 1 protein of mouse. Expression profiles showed that TSP1 was specifically and strongly expressed in the testis. Conclusion: TSP1 is a gene highly expressed in adult testis. It may play an important role in spermatogenesis in the humans.展开更多
基金supported by the Fund of Fujian Key Laboratory of Island Monitoring and Ecological Development(Island Research Center,MNR)(2022ZD06)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(CXZX2019144G,CXZX2020086A)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970333 and 32100168)the Basic Discipline Research Enhancement Program of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(XJC2023008)Construction Funds for Cross-disciplinary Synthetic Biology at the Institute of Future Technology,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(133-712023010)the Scientific Research Start-up Fund of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Yuan Qin).
摘要Clinacanthus nutans is valued for its medicinal properties,largely attributed to bioactive compounds such as flavonoids,polyphenols,and other secondary metabolites.These compounds accumulate differentially across tissues and are influenced by environmental cues and phytohormones like methyl jasmonate(MeJA).Transcription factors play pivotal roles in mediating these responses,with the basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)gene family emerging as key regulators of hormone-and stress-responsive gene expression involved in secondary metabolism.In this study,182 bHLHs were identified in C.nutans,labeled CnbHLH001 to CnbHLH182 according to their chromosomal locations.Phylogenetic analysis grouped them into 26 subfamilies,with 10 classified as orphans.Structural characterization revealed subfamily-specific motif architectures and exon–intron structures.Gene duplication analysis indicated that segmental duplication was a major driver of CnbHLH family expansion,and expression analysis suggested both conserved and divergent expression among duplicated gene pairs.Tandemly duplicated genes such as CnbHLH044 to CnbHLH047 showed similar expression patterns.Synteny analysis showed that CnbHLHs in Acanthaceae species are more similar to each other than to genes in other species,suggesting a possible Acanthaceae-specific expansion.Furthermore,this study provides the first genome-wide analysis of CnbHLHs expression in response to abiotic stresses.Many CnbHLHs showed tissuespecific expression and responded differentially to MeJA and stress treatments.These findings provide a foundation for future research to explore the regulatory mechanisms of CnbHLHs and their potential to improve the medicinal properties of C.nutans.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31301754)the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (CAAS-ASTIP)the Cultivation Plan for Youth Agricultural Science and Technology Innovative Talents of Liaoning Province, China (2015059)
摘要The highbush blueberry(Vaccinium corymbosum),Duke,was used to construct a de novo transcriptome sequence library and to perform data statistical analysis.Mega 4,CLC Sequence Viewer 6 software,and quantitative PCR were employed for bioinformatics and expression analyses of the basic helix-loop-helix(BHLH)transcription factors of the sequencing library.The results showed that 28.38 gigabytes of valid data were obtained from transcriptome sequencing and were assembled into 108 033 unigenes.Functional annotation showed that 32 244 unigenes were annotated into Clusters of Orthologous Groups(COG)and Gene Ontology(GO)databases,whereas the rest of the 75 789 unigenes had no matching information.By using COG and GO classification tools,sequences with annotation information were divided into 25 and 52 categories,respectively,which involved transport and metabolism,transcriptional regulation,and signal transduction.Analysis of the transcriptome library identified a total of 59 BHLH genes.Sequence analysis revealed that 55 genes of that contained a complete BHLH domain.Furthermore,phylogenetic analysis showed that BHLH genes of blueberry(Duke)could be divided into 13 sub-groups.PCR results showed that 45 genes were expressed at various developmental stages of buds,stems,leaves,flowers,and fruits,suggesting that the function of BHLH was associated with the development of different tissues and organs of blueberry,Duke.The present study would provided a foundation for further investigations on the classification and functions of the blueberry BHLH family.
基金supported by the Major Project of Agricultural Biological Breeding(2022ZD0401501)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD2200201)the National Natural Science Foundation(32071797).
摘要The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)family of transcription factors is one of the largest and oldest transcription factor families in plants.Members of the bHLH family regulate various growth and metabolic processes in plants.We used quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping and transcriptome sequencing(RNA-seq)to identify PRE1 as a candidate bHLH transcription factor associated with root dry weight(RDW)in poplar.PRE1 was highly expressed in the roots and xylem,and was responsive to gibberellin,salicylic acid,drought,and salt stress.We cloned the PRE1 homolog from Populus simonii'Tongliao1',referred to as PsPRE1,and transformed it into 84K poplar(Populus alba×Populus glandulosa).The overexpression of PsPRE1 in 84K poplar increased adventitious root development,fresh weight,total root number,and maximum root length.Poplar lines overexpressing PsPRE1 also exhibited enhanced salt tolerance while retaining a normal growth phenotype in the presence of salt stress.Catalase(CAT)activity in the PsPRE1 overexpression lines was higher than that of the wild-type,which may play a role in detoxifying stress-induced hydrogen peroxide production.An RNA-seq analysis of the PsPRE1 overexpression line revealed several differentially expressed genes(DEGs)involved in or related to auxin-,gibberellin-,and salicylic acid pathways,which indicates that the regulation of root development in poplar by PsPRE1 may involve multiple hormones.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology (2010-0022035)
摘要In this paper we study the properties of homotopy inverses of comultiplications and Mgebraic loops of co-H-spaces based on a wedge of spheres. We also investigate a method to construct new comultiplications out of old ones by using a group action. We are primarily interested in the algebraic loops which have inversive, power-associative and Moufang properties for some comultiplications.
摘要Aim: To identify specifically expressed genes in the adult and fetal testes. Methods: A human testis cDNA microarray was established. Then the mRNA of adult and fetal testis was purified and probes were prepared by a reverse transcription reaction with the testis mRNA as template. The microarray was hybridized with probes of adult and fetal testes. The nucleic sequences of differentially expressed genes were determined and homologies were searched in the databases of the GenBank. Results: When hybridized with adult or fetal testis probes, the positive clones were 96.8 % and 95.4 %, respectively. Among these genes, one was a new testis-specific gene, which was named TSP1. TSP1 was highly expressed in human adult testis. The cDNA of TSP1 was 1,484 bp in length. The cDNA sequence of this clone was deposited in the Genbank (AF333098). TSP1 was also determined as Interim Gen Symbol (Unigene, No. Hs.98266). Protein analysis showed that TSP1 contained two functional domains: an N-terminal basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and a C-terminal leucine zipper (Zip). Homologous analysis showed that the 430 amino acid sequences deduced from the 1,293 bp open reading frame (ORF) had a homology with the human gene FLJ2509 (AK098575). TSP1 had also a sequence homology with Spz 1 protein of mouse. Expression profiles showed that TSP1 was specifically and strongly expressed in the testis. Conclusion: TSP1 is a gene highly expressed in adult testis. It may play an important role in spermatogenesis in the humans.