In order to understand the travel characteristics and behavior patterns of women in Wangjing area and explore whether the existing situation can meet women's needs for the use of street space,the area around Wangj...In order to understand the travel characteristics and behavior patterns of women in Wangjing area and explore whether the existing situation can meet women's needs for the use of street space,the area around Wangjing South Station of Metro Line 14 was taken as an example for analysis and research.Wangjing area was classified to the following six use attributes:company enterprise,transportation hub,education and culture,residential area,municipal facilities,leisure and entertainment.The proportion of each use attribute was evaluated according to four levels:A 25%and above(including 25%),B 15%-25%,C 15%-5%,D 5%and below(including 5%).Finally,whether the plot had composite functions was judged,and the spatio-temporal laws and behavior patterns of surrounding women were analyzed from the perspectives of time and space.展开更多
To address existing shortcomings such as short time domains and low interpretability,this study proposes a long-term trajectory prediction model for leading vehicles that considers the impact of traffic flow.Through a...To address existing shortcomings such as short time domains and low interpretability,this study proposes a long-term trajectory prediction model for leading vehicles that considers the impact of traffic flow.Through an analysis of trailing trajectory data from the HighD natural driving dataset,fitting relationships for the following behavior patterns were derived.Building upon the intelligent driver model(IDM),three long-term trajectory prediction models were established:acceleration delta velocity(ADV),space delta velocity intelligent driver model(SDVIDM),and space velocity intelligent driver model(SVIDM).These models were then compared with the IDM model through simulations.The results indicate that when there is one vehicle ahead,under aggressive following conditions,the ADV model outperforms the IDM model,reducing the root mean square errors in acceleration,speed,and position by 79.61%,91.26%,and 87.82%,respectively.In scenarios with two vehicles ahead and conservative short-distance following,the SDVIDM model exhibits reductions of 83.42%,92.85%,and 92.25%,while the SVIDM model shows reductions of 82.31%,92.47%,and 94.02%,respectively,compared to the IDM model.展开更多
This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of social media data using causal inference methods to explore the underlying mechanisms driving user behavior patterns.By leveraging large-scale social media datasets,t...This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of social media data using causal inference methods to explore the underlying mechanisms driving user behavior patterns.By leveraging large-scale social media datasets,this research develops a systematic analytical framework that integrates techniques such as propensity score matching,regression analysis,and regression discontinuity design to identify the causal effects of content characteristics,user attributes,and social network structures on user interactions,including clicks,shares,comments,and likes.The empirical findings indicate that factors such as sentiment,topical relevance,and network centrality have significant causal impacts on user behavior,with notable differences observed among various user groups.This study not only enriches the theoretical understanding of social media data analysis but also provides data-driven decision support and practical guidance for fields such as digital marketing,public opinion management,and digital governance.展开更多
Residential energy-use behavior and energy-saving awareness play a crucial role in sustainable urban energy planning and building energy efficiency,particularly under the pressures of climate change.However,existing s...Residential energy-use behavior and energy-saving awareness play a crucial role in sustainable urban energy planning and building energy efficiency,particularly under the pressures of climate change.However,existing studies often lack comparative analysis of urban-rural differences and tend to focus excessively on behavior patterns while neglecting the dimension of energysaving awareness.With China’s urbanization rate reaching 66.16%,understanding such regional disparities has become increasingly important.To address these research gaps,this study conducts a large-scale survey on space cooling behaviors among residents in Beijing,a representative Chinese megacity.It should be noted that living standards in such megacities are generally higher than the national average,which may shape distinctive energy-use profiles.Analyzing 1573valid samples(1064 urban/442 rural)in 2024,this study employed K-Prototypes and K-Modes clustering to identify typical cooling behavior and energy-saving awareness pattems,followed by Kendall/Chi-square correlation tests and XGBoost importance analysis to determine key influencing factors,with subsequent urban-rural comparative analysis.Results indicate that urban residents are primarily heat-sensitive or heat-tolerant,with a secondary patten of mid-low temperature preference,and generally exhibit long cooling durations;rural behavior is dominated by heat-tolerant type,followed by heat-sensitive,mid-low temperature preference,and never-on types as secondary patterns;both urban and rural areas exhibit energy-savingawareness characterized by low consumption-lowwillingness,though urban areas show marginally higher motivation;energy-saving awareness correlates with cooling behavior in rural areas,but this relationship weakens significantly in urban contexts.展开更多
GPS positioning data are increasingly utilized in environmental behavior studies to explore the spatial-temporal behavioral patterns of individuals.However,individuals’stay behavioral pattern and its influencing fact...GPS positioning data are increasingly utilized in environmental behavior studies to explore the spatial-temporal behavioral patterns of individuals.However,individuals’stay behavioral pattern and its influencing factors,which are particularly significant for the design and management of scenic architectural complexes,have not been thoroughly examined.Using GPS trajectory data collected from the Palace Museum in Beijing(China),this paper investigated the visitors’stay behavior patterns associated with temporal,spatial,and environmental influencing factors.Types of stay behavior and characteristics of stay in main stay areas were automatically recognized using Python algorithms for further and quantitative analysis.Results showed that visitors’stay time exhibited a consistent pattern regarding psychological time allocation,a relatively unsignificant pattern regarding lunch hour,and no clear pattern regarding fatigue feature.Grouped regression analysis showed positive linear relationships with similar slopes between the average stay length and the number of stay occurrences in each type of stay area.Partial correlation analysis revealed the underlying connection between the impact of seats and greenery on stay behavior.Individually,each of the two environmental elements showed limited effect on stay frequency and stay length,while incorporating greenery into seating areas would notably increase both stay frequency and stay length.展开更多
In accounts of the development and progression of psychophysical disorders such as Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) and Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD), the role of beliefs, perceptions, and behaviora...In accounts of the development and progression of psychophysical disorders such as Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) and Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD), the role of beliefs, perceptions, and behavioral patterns has often been overlooked in favor of a genetically determinist paradigm. This paper explores the impact of NeuroPhysics Treatment (NPT) on patients with HSP and FSHD. Through a series of clinical case reports, I demonstrate how intensive four-day NPT sessions can lead to rapid restoration of lost functions, challenging the conventional view of these disorders. I hypothesize that, by modulating the patient’s perceptual and behavioral frameworks, NPT facilitates the emergence of healthier patterns, suggesting that environmental and psychological factors significantly influence the manifestation and management of these conditions. These findings indicate that the role of genetic inheritance may be overstated and that beliefs and perceptions could play a crucial role in the evolution of psychophysical disorders. The implications of this research extend beyond the traditional treatment paradigms, advocating for a more holistic approach that integrates the psychophysical dimensions of health and challenges the deterministic perspective of genetic inheritance.展开更多
Trajectory data mining is widely used in military and civil applications,such as early warning and surveillance system,intelligent traffic system and so on.Through trajectory similarity measurement and clustering,targ...Trajectory data mining is widely used in military and civil applications,such as early warning and surveillance system,intelligent traffic system and so on.Through trajectory similarity measurement and clustering,target behavior patterns can be found from massive spatiotemporal trajectory data.In order to mine frequent behaviors of targets from complex historical trajectory data,a behavior pattern mining algorithm based on spatiotemporal trajectory multidimensional information fusion is proposed in this paper.Firstly,spatial–temporal Hausdorff distance is pro-posed to measure multidimensional information differences of spatiotemporal trajectories,which can distinguish the behaviors with similar location but different course and velocity.On this basis,by combining the idea of k-nearest neighbor and density peak clustering,a new trajectory clustering algorithm is proposed to mine behavior patterns from trajectory data with uneven density distribu-tion.Finally,we implement the proposed algorithm in simulated and radar measured trajectory data respectively.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can mine target behavior patterns from different complex application scenarios more quickly and accurately com-pared to the existing methods,which has a good application prospect in intelligent monitoring tasks.展开更多
Selecting the optimal speed for dynamic obstacle avoidance in complex man–machine environments is a challenging problem for mobile robots inspecting hazardous gases.Consideration of personal space is important,especi...Selecting the optimal speed for dynamic obstacle avoidance in complex man–machine environments is a challenging problem for mobile robots inspecting hazardous gases.Consideration of personal space is important,especially in a relatively narrow man–machine dynamic environments such as warehouses and laboratories.In this study,human and robot behaviors in man–machine environments are analyzed,and a man–machine social force model is established to study the robot obstacle avoidance speed.Four typical man–machine behavior patterns are investigated to design the robot behavior strategy.Based on the social force model and man–machine behavior patterns,the fuzzy-PID trajectory tracking control method and the autonomous obstacle avoidance behavior strategy of the mobile robot in inspecting hazardous gases in a relatively narrow man–machine dynamic environment are proposed to determine the optimal robot speed for obstacle avoidance.The simulation analysis results show that compared with the traditional PID control method,the proposed controller has a position error of less than 0.098 m,an angle error of less than 0.088 rad,a smaller steady-state error,and a shorter convergence time.The crossing and encountering pattern experiment results show that the proposed behavior strategy ensures that the robot maintains a safe distance from humans while performing trajectory tracking.This research proposes a combination autonomous behavior strategy for mobile robots inspecting hazardous gases,ensuring that the robot maintains the optimal speed to achieve dynamic obstacle avoidance,reducing human anxiety and increasing comfort in a relatively narrow man–machine environment.展开更多
This study examines the database search behaviors of individuals, focusing on gender differences and the impact of planning habits on information retrieval. Data were collected from a survey of 198 respondents, catego...This study examines the database search behaviors of individuals, focusing on gender differences and the impact of planning habits on information retrieval. Data were collected from a survey of 198 respondents, categorized by their discipline, schooling background, internet usage, and information retrieval preferences. Key findings indicate that females are more likely to plan their searches in advance and prefer structured methods of information retrieval, such as using library portals and leading university websites. Males, however, tend to use web search engines and self-archiving methods more frequently. This analysis provides valuable insights for educational institutions and libraries to optimize their resources and services based on user behavior patterns.展开更多
In recent years,vulnerable populations have become the main targets of casualties in many building fire accidents.It is of great significance to study the behavioral patterns of vulnerable populations during emergency...In recent years,vulnerable populations have become the main targets of casualties in many building fire accidents.It is of great significance to study the behavioral patterns of vulnerable populations during emergency evacuation and to design specialized strategies conducive to the evacuation of vulnerable populations to improve evacuation efficiency and reduce casualties.In this paper,simulations are carried out using AnyLogic based on a social force model to explore the impact of dedicated exits in public places on the evacuation of vulnerable populations.A model of a normal room with three exits was created in which pedestrians were divided into two categories:normal and vulnerable populations with different evacuation speeds and footprint sizes.Simulation results show that dedicating middle exits reduces evacuation time in most cases while dedicating side exits significantly increases evacuation time.Middle exits as dedicated exits can balance the evacuation speed of vulnerable and normal populations,and improve the overall evacuation efficiency of vulnerable populations.Calculating the balance analysis index OPS for building evacuation,the results show that the balance of exits is the key to the evacuation time,and the closer the OPS value is to 0 the better the evacuation balance,which leads to a shorter evacuation time.This paper illustrates the impact of dedicated exits on the evacuation of vulnerable populations.Also,it provides a basis for the need for dedicated exits in different situations by calculating OPS values.展开更多
With technology constantly becoming present in people’s lives, smart homes are increasing in popularity. A smart home system controls lighting, temperature, security camera systems, and appliances. These devices and ...With technology constantly becoming present in people’s lives, smart homes are increasing in popularity. A smart home system controls lighting, temperature, security camera systems, and appliances. These devices and sensors are connected to the internet, and these devices can easily become the target of attacks. To mitigate the risk of using smart home devices, the security and privacy thereof must be artificially smart so they can adapt based on user behavior and environments. The security and privacy systems must accurately analyze all actions and predict future actions to protect the smart home system. We propose a Hybrid Intrusion Detection (HID) system using machine learning algorithms, including random forest, X gboost, decision tree, K -nearest neighbors, and misuse detection technique.展开更多
The present study has evaluated the effect of architectural forms on the walking activity of citizens as a behavioral model in urban physical spaces.The research hypothesis claims that by designing purposeful and appr...The present study has evaluated the effect of architectural forms on the walking activity of citizens as a behavioral model in urban physical spaces.The research hypothesis claims that by designing purposeful and appropriate architectural forms,the behavior and actions of users in urban physical spaces can be to some extent,it designed or controlled,and that the pattern and domains of human behavior in urban streets are the result of the components of environmental quality that are included in the design of that street.The present theoretical proposition has been tested in two sequences from Valiasr Street in Tehran.At the theoretical level,the research method is descriptive-analytical and at the experimental level,it is a survey that has been done using the behavioral research method.The results show that the floor form and street form are the most influential architectural forms in urban physical spaces on the activity of users walking from space in the study sample.Also,some environmental factors have a direct effect on human reactions;The research findings show that people’s speed is directly related to the dimensions of sidewalk carpets and a person tries to take a step according to the senses he receives from the sidewalk flooring form and as a result his speed changes according to those forms.展开更多
Objectives:This study aimed to generate a theoretical framework based on empirical data to explain the behavioral patterns closely related to young and middle-aged patients with lymphoma throughout the disease.Methods...Objectives:This study aimed to generate a theoretical framework based on empirical data to explain the behavioral patterns closely related to young and middle-aged patients with lymphoma throughout the disease.Methods:This study followed the classic grounded theory methodology,involving procedures such as theoretical sampling,substantive coding,theoretical coding,constant comparison,and memo writing and sorting.Multiple data types were used based on the principle of“all is data,”including 34 participants providing interview data along with observation notes and 40 relevant secondary texts from the“Lymphoma House”network platform and the“Lymphoma House 086”public account.Two autobiographical books written by lymphoma patients were also selected as data resources.Data collection and analysis were conducted in an iterative process until theoretical saturation was reached.The COREQ checklist was followed to report this study.Results:The main concern of middle-aged and young patients with lymphoma was identifiedas restoring normality,while managing uncertainty was the main behavioral pattern for restoring normality.Uncertainty consists of two interrelated types:inherent uncertainty of illness and perceived uncertainty of patients.Four strategies are used to manage uncertainty:reconstructing certainty,adaptive coping,defensive buffering,and compensatory changing.Managing uncertainty is influenced by disease characteristics and perceptions,social resources,and cultural concepts.The consequence of managing uncertainty is reaching a new normality.Conclusions:Pervasive uncertainty significantly affects the daily lives of young and middle-aged patients with lymphoma.Consequently,strategies for managing disease-related uncertainty to sustain normality are commonly observed in this population.This theoretical framework for addressing uncertainty can serve as a foundation for understanding and developing tailored interventions to manage uncertainty.Future research should focus on managing uncertainty to help patients restore normality.展开更多
Objective: to analyze the impact of public health care on the living behavior pattern of chronic disease high-risk population. Methods: in our hospital in May 2019 to May 2021 were high-risk groups, 40 cases of chroni...Objective: to analyze the impact of public health care on the living behavior pattern of chronic disease high-risk population. Methods: in our hospital in May 2019 to May 2021 were high-risk groups, 40 cases of chronic diseases, random number table method is divided into research group and control group, each 20 cases, control group to carry out the routine nursing care, the team to carry out the public health care, from daily life movement situation, the two aspects of health behavior compliance rating life behavior pattern. Results: after 3 months of intervention, the basal metabolic volume, total energy consumption and daily exercise amount of high-risk groups in the study group were higher than those in the control group, and the health behavior compliance was higher than that in the control group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: public health nursing can improve the living behavior pattern, daily life movement and health behavior compliance in the high-risk population of chronic diseases.展开更多
A common way to gain control of victim hosts is to launch buffer overflow attacks by remote exploits.This paper proposes a behavior-based buffer overflow attacker blocker,which can dynamically detect and prevent remot...A common way to gain control of victim hosts is to launch buffer overflow attacks by remote exploits.This paper proposes a behavior-based buffer overflow attacker blocker,which can dynamically detect and prevent remote buffer overflow attacks by filtering out the client requests that contain malicious executable codes.An important advantage of this approach is that it can block the attack before the exploit code begins affecting the target program.The blocker is composed of three major components,packet decoder,disassembler,and behavior-based detection engine.It decodes the network packets,extract possible instruction sequences from the payload,and analyzes whether they contain attack behaviors.Since this blocker based its effectiveness on the commonest behavior patterns of buffer overflow shellcode,it is expected to detect not only existing attacks but also zero-day attacks.Moreover,it has the capability of detecting attack-size obfuscation.展开更多
Process data recorded by computer-based assessments reflect how respondents solve problems and thus contain rich information about respondents as well as tasks.Considering that different respondents may exhibit differ...Process data recorded by computer-based assessments reflect how respondents solve problems and thus contain rich information about respondents as well as tasks.Considering that different respondents may exhibit different behavioral characteristics during problem-solving process,in this study,we propose a mixture one-parameter state response(Mix1P-SR)measurement model.This model assumes that respondents belong to discrete latent classes with different propensities towards responses to task states during the problem-solving process,and the varying response propensities are captured by different state parameters across classes.A Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm for the estimation of model parameters and classification of respondents is described.The simulation study shows that the Mix1P-SR model could recover parameters well on the premise that the average sequence length was not too short.Moreover,larger sample size,longer sequences,more uniform mixing proportions,and lower interclass similarity facilitated model convergence,model selection,and parameter estimation accuracy,with sequence length being particularly important.Based on the empirical data from PISA 2012,the Mix1P-SR model identified two latent classes of respondents.They had different patterns of state easiness parameters and exhibited different state response patterns,which affected their problem solving results.Implications for model application and future research directions are discussed.展开更多
Stress is mental tension caused by difficult situations,often experienced by hospital workers and IT professionals who work long hours.It is essential to detect the stress in shift workers to improve their health.Howe...Stress is mental tension caused by difficult situations,often experienced by hospital workers and IT professionals who work long hours.It is essential to detect the stress in shift workers to improve their health.However,existing models measure stress with physiological signals such as PPG,EDA,and blink data,which could not identify the stress level accurately.Additionally,the works face challenges with limited data,inefficient spatial relationships,security issues with health data,and long-range temporal dependencies.In this paper,we have developed a federated learning-based stress detection system for IT and hospital workers,integrating physiological and behavioral indicators for accurate stress detection.Furthermore,the study introduces a hybrid deep learning classifier called ResTFTNet to capture spatial features and complex temporal relationships to detect stress effectively.The proposed work involves two localmodels and a globalmodel,to develop a federated learning framework to enhance stress detection.Thedatasets are pre-processed using the bandpass filter noise removal technique and normalization.The Recursive Feature Elimination feature selection method improves themodel performance.FL aggregates thesemodels using FedAvg to ensure privacy by keeping data localized.After evaluating ResTFTNet with existing models,including Convolution Neural Network,Long-Short-Term-Memory,and Support VectorMachine,the proposed model shows exceptional performance with an accuracy of 99.3%.This work provides an accurate and privacy-preserving method for detecting stress in hospital and IT staff.展开更多
Objective Present a new features selection algorithm. Methods based on rule induction and field knowledge. Results This algorithm can be applied in catching dataflow when detecting network intrusions, only the sub dat...Objective Present a new features selection algorithm. Methods based on rule induction and field knowledge. Results This algorithm can be applied in catching dataflow when detecting network intrusions, only the sub dataset including discriminating features is catched. Then the time spend in following behavior patterns mining is reduced and the patterns mined are more precise. Conclusion The experiment results show that the feature subset catched by this algorithm is more informative and the dataset’s quantity is reduced significantly.展开更多
Underwater behavioral patterns of one Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) calf in captivity and those performed on the water surface by two calves in semi-natural environment were foc...Underwater behavioral patterns of one Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) calf in captivity and those performed on the water surface by two calves in semi-natural environment were focally followed and continuously recorded until one year postpartum to construct the ethogram. The results indicate that 1) the three calves could display diverse and active behavioral patterns; 2) soon after birth, patterns critical for survival appeared first; 3) playful and social patterns predominated the ethogram; 4) most of the patterns were alike across age classes; 5) most of the patterns appeared at the calves’ early life stage. It is possible that the above characteristics are adaptively shaped by the aquatic and social life of this subspecies.展开更多
Dear Editor,In past decades,research methods for studying insect morphology have been concentrated on static observation,mainly relying on light microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and laser confocal microscopy(Ar...Dear Editor,In past decades,research methods for studying insect morphology have been concentrated on static observation,mainly relying on light microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and laser confocal microscopy(Arens,1995;Zucker,2006;Lee et al.,2009).Micro-computed tomography(micro-CT)and 3-dimensional(3D)reconstruction techniques help researchers to better observe,analyze,and understand the insect morphology in larvae,pupae,and adults(e.g.facilitating 3D reconstruction and 2-dimensional[2D]virtual sectioning,and elucidating behavioral patterns)(Mattei et al.,2015;Donato et al.,2021;Rother et al.,2021;Losel et al.,2023;Schubnel et al.,2023;Windfelder et al.,2023;Vommaro et al.,2024;Zelinger et al.,2024).展开更多
基金Sponsored by 2022 Beijing Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training PlanConstruction of Demonstration Off-campus Practice Base for Integration of Industry and Education+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Education Commission Social Science Project(KM202010009002)“Young Yu You Talents Training Plan”of North China University of Technology。
摘要In order to understand the travel characteristics and behavior patterns of women in Wangjing area and explore whether the existing situation can meet women's needs for the use of street space,the area around Wangjing South Station of Metro Line 14 was taken as an example for analysis and research.Wangjing area was classified to the following six use attributes:company enterprise,transportation hub,education and culture,residential area,municipal facilities,leisure and entertainment.The proportion of each use attribute was evaluated according to four levels:A 25%and above(including 25%),B 15%-25%,C 15%-5%,D 5%and below(including 5%).Finally,whether the plot had composite functions was judged,and the spatio-temporal laws and behavior patterns of surrounding women were analyzed from the perspectives of time and space.
基金support provided by the Hetao Shenzhen-Hong Kong Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Zone(HZQB-KCZYZ-2021055)the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172389).
摘要To address existing shortcomings such as short time domains and low interpretability,this study proposes a long-term trajectory prediction model for leading vehicles that considers the impact of traffic flow.Through an analysis of trailing trajectory data from the HighD natural driving dataset,fitting relationships for the following behavior patterns were derived.Building upon the intelligent driver model(IDM),three long-term trajectory prediction models were established:acceleration delta velocity(ADV),space delta velocity intelligent driver model(SDVIDM),and space velocity intelligent driver model(SVIDM).These models were then compared with the IDM model through simulations.The results indicate that when there is one vehicle ahead,under aggressive following conditions,the ADV model outperforms the IDM model,reducing the root mean square errors in acceleration,speed,and position by 79.61%,91.26%,and 87.82%,respectively.In scenarios with two vehicles ahead and conservative short-distance following,the SDVIDM model exhibits reductions of 83.42%,92.85%,and 92.25%,while the SVIDM model shows reductions of 82.31%,92.47%,and 94.02%,respectively,compared to the IDM model.
摘要This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of social media data using causal inference methods to explore the underlying mechanisms driving user behavior patterns.By leveraging large-scale social media datasets,this research develops a systematic analytical framework that integrates techniques such as propensity score matching,regression analysis,and regression discontinuity design to identify the causal effects of content characteristics,user attributes,and social network structures on user interactions,including clicks,shares,comments,and likes.The empirical findings indicate that factors such as sentiment,topical relevance,and network centrality have significant causal impacts on user behavior,with notable differences observed among various user groups.This study not only enriches the theoretical understanding of social media data analysis but also provides data-driven decision support and practical guidance for fields such as digital marketing,public opinion management,and digital governance.
摘要Residential energy-use behavior and energy-saving awareness play a crucial role in sustainable urban energy planning and building energy efficiency,particularly under the pressures of climate change.However,existing studies often lack comparative analysis of urban-rural differences and tend to focus excessively on behavior patterns while neglecting the dimension of energysaving awareness.With China’s urbanization rate reaching 66.16%,understanding such regional disparities has become increasingly important.To address these research gaps,this study conducts a large-scale survey on space cooling behaviors among residents in Beijing,a representative Chinese megacity.It should be noted that living standards in such megacities are generally higher than the national average,which may shape distinctive energy-use profiles.Analyzing 1573valid samples(1064 urban/442 rural)in 2024,this study employed K-Prototypes and K-Modes clustering to identify typical cooling behavior and energy-saving awareness pattems,followed by Kendall/Chi-square correlation tests and XGBoost importance analysis to determine key influencing factors,with subsequent urban-rural comparative analysis.Results indicate that urban residents are primarily heat-sensitive or heat-tolerant,with a secondary patten of mid-low temperature preference,and generally exhibit long cooling durations;rural behavior is dominated by heat-tolerant type,followed by heat-sensitive,mid-low temperature preference,and never-on types as secondary patterns;both urban and rural areas exhibit energy-savingawareness characterized by low consumption-lowwillingness,though urban areas show marginally higher motivation;energy-saving awareness correlates with cooling behavior in rural areas,but this relationship weakens significantly in urban contexts.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52178019).
摘要GPS positioning data are increasingly utilized in environmental behavior studies to explore the spatial-temporal behavioral patterns of individuals.However,individuals’stay behavioral pattern and its influencing factors,which are particularly significant for the design and management of scenic architectural complexes,have not been thoroughly examined.Using GPS trajectory data collected from the Palace Museum in Beijing(China),this paper investigated the visitors’stay behavior patterns associated with temporal,spatial,and environmental influencing factors.Types of stay behavior and characteristics of stay in main stay areas were automatically recognized using Python algorithms for further and quantitative analysis.Results showed that visitors’stay time exhibited a consistent pattern regarding psychological time allocation,a relatively unsignificant pattern regarding lunch hour,and no clear pattern regarding fatigue feature.Grouped regression analysis showed positive linear relationships with similar slopes between the average stay length and the number of stay occurrences in each type of stay area.Partial correlation analysis revealed the underlying connection between the impact of seats and greenery on stay behavior.Individually,each of the two environmental elements showed limited effect on stay frequency and stay length,while incorporating greenery into seating areas would notably increase both stay frequency and stay length.
摘要In accounts of the development and progression of psychophysical disorders such as Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) and Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD), the role of beliefs, perceptions, and behavioral patterns has often been overlooked in favor of a genetically determinist paradigm. This paper explores the impact of NeuroPhysics Treatment (NPT) on patients with HSP and FSHD. Through a series of clinical case reports, I demonstrate how intensive four-day NPT sessions can lead to rapid restoration of lost functions, challenging the conventional view of these disorders. I hypothesize that, by modulating the patient’s perceptual and behavioral frameworks, NPT facilitates the emergence of healthier patterns, suggesting that environmental and psychological factors significantly influence the manifestation and management of these conditions. These findings indicate that the role of genetic inheritance may be overstated and that beliefs and perceptions could play a crucial role in the evolution of psychophysical disorders. The implications of this research extend beyond the traditional treatment paradigms, advocating for a more holistic approach that integrates the psychophysical dimensions of health and challenges the deterministic perspective of genetic inheritance.
基金co-supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA0715202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62022092,61790550,62171453)the Outstanding Youth Innovation Team Program of University in Shandong Province,China(No.2021KJ005).
摘要Trajectory data mining is widely used in military and civil applications,such as early warning and surveillance system,intelligent traffic system and so on.Through trajectory similarity measurement and clustering,target behavior patterns can be found from massive spatiotemporal trajectory data.In order to mine frequent behaviors of targets from complex historical trajectory data,a behavior pattern mining algorithm based on spatiotemporal trajectory multidimensional information fusion is proposed in this paper.Firstly,spatial–temporal Hausdorff distance is pro-posed to measure multidimensional information differences of spatiotemporal trajectories,which can distinguish the behaviors with similar location but different course and velocity.On this basis,by combining the idea of k-nearest neighbor and density peak clustering,a new trajectory clustering algorithm is proposed to mine behavior patterns from trajectory data with uneven density distribu-tion.Finally,we implement the proposed algorithm in simulated and radar measured trajectory data respectively.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can mine target behavior patterns from different complex application scenarios more quickly and accurately com-pared to the existing methods,which has a good application prospect in intelligent monitoring tasks.
基金Research and Development Program of Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute of Chnia(Grant No.204J201916234/6)Key Project of Liuzhou Science and Technology Bureau of China(Grant No.2020PAAA0601).
摘要Selecting the optimal speed for dynamic obstacle avoidance in complex man–machine environments is a challenging problem for mobile robots inspecting hazardous gases.Consideration of personal space is important,especially in a relatively narrow man–machine dynamic environments such as warehouses and laboratories.In this study,human and robot behaviors in man–machine environments are analyzed,and a man–machine social force model is established to study the robot obstacle avoidance speed.Four typical man–machine behavior patterns are investigated to design the robot behavior strategy.Based on the social force model and man–machine behavior patterns,the fuzzy-PID trajectory tracking control method and the autonomous obstacle avoidance behavior strategy of the mobile robot in inspecting hazardous gases in a relatively narrow man–machine dynamic environment are proposed to determine the optimal robot speed for obstacle avoidance.The simulation analysis results show that compared with the traditional PID control method,the proposed controller has a position error of less than 0.098 m,an angle error of less than 0.088 rad,a smaller steady-state error,and a shorter convergence time.The crossing and encountering pattern experiment results show that the proposed behavior strategy ensures that the robot maintains a safe distance from humans while performing trajectory tracking.This research proposes a combination autonomous behavior strategy for mobile robots inspecting hazardous gases,ensuring that the robot maintains the optimal speed to achieve dynamic obstacle avoidance,reducing human anxiety and increasing comfort in a relatively narrow man–machine environment.
摘要This study examines the database search behaviors of individuals, focusing on gender differences and the impact of planning habits on information retrieval. Data were collected from a survey of 198 respondents, categorized by their discipline, schooling background, internet usage, and information retrieval preferences. Key findings indicate that females are more likely to plan their searches in advance and prefer structured methods of information retrieval, such as using library portals and leading university websites. Males, however, tend to use web search engines and self-archiving methods more frequently. This analysis provides valuable insights for educational institutions and libraries to optimize their resources and services based on user behavior patterns.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(No.52374208)the Major Natural Science Research Projects in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province(No.23KJA620002)the Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
摘要In recent years,vulnerable populations have become the main targets of casualties in many building fire accidents.It is of great significance to study the behavioral patterns of vulnerable populations during emergency evacuation and to design specialized strategies conducive to the evacuation of vulnerable populations to improve evacuation efficiency and reduce casualties.In this paper,simulations are carried out using AnyLogic based on a social force model to explore the impact of dedicated exits in public places on the evacuation of vulnerable populations.A model of a normal room with three exits was created in which pedestrians were divided into two categories:normal and vulnerable populations with different evacuation speeds and footprint sizes.Simulation results show that dedicating middle exits reduces evacuation time in most cases while dedicating side exits significantly increases evacuation time.Middle exits as dedicated exits can balance the evacuation speed of vulnerable and normal populations,and improve the overall evacuation efficiency of vulnerable populations.Calculating the balance analysis index OPS for building evacuation,the results show that the balance of exits is the key to the evacuation time,and the closer the OPS value is to 0 the better the evacuation balance,which leads to a shorter evacuation time.This paper illustrates the impact of dedicated exits on the evacuation of vulnerable populations.Also,it provides a basis for the need for dedicated exits in different situations by calculating OPS values.
摘要With technology constantly becoming present in people’s lives, smart homes are increasing in popularity. A smart home system controls lighting, temperature, security camera systems, and appliances. These devices and sensors are connected to the internet, and these devices can easily become the target of attacks. To mitigate the risk of using smart home devices, the security and privacy thereof must be artificially smart so they can adapt based on user behavior and environments. The security and privacy systems must accurately analyze all actions and predict future actions to protect the smart home system. We propose a Hybrid Intrusion Detection (HID) system using machine learning algorithms, including random forest, X gboost, decision tree, K -nearest neighbors, and misuse detection technique.
摘要The present study has evaluated the effect of architectural forms on the walking activity of citizens as a behavioral model in urban physical spaces.The research hypothesis claims that by designing purposeful and appropriate architectural forms,the behavior and actions of users in urban physical spaces can be to some extent,it designed or controlled,and that the pattern and domains of human behavior in urban streets are the result of the components of environmental quality that are included in the design of that street.The present theoretical proposition has been tested in two sequences from Valiasr Street in Tehran.At the theoretical level,the research method is descriptive-analytical and at the experimental level,it is a survey that has been done using the behavioral research method.The results show that the floor form and street form are the most influential architectural forms in urban physical spaces on the activity of users walking from space in the study sample.Also,some environmental factors have a direct effect on human reactions;The research findings show that people’s speed is directly related to the dimensions of sidewalk carpets and a person tries to take a step according to the senses he receives from the sidewalk flooring form and as a result his speed changes according to those forms.
基金supported by the Postgraduate Supervision Fund within the School of Nursing at Fujian Medical University(No.110013)。
摘要Objectives:This study aimed to generate a theoretical framework based on empirical data to explain the behavioral patterns closely related to young and middle-aged patients with lymphoma throughout the disease.Methods:This study followed the classic grounded theory methodology,involving procedures such as theoretical sampling,substantive coding,theoretical coding,constant comparison,and memo writing and sorting.Multiple data types were used based on the principle of“all is data,”including 34 participants providing interview data along with observation notes and 40 relevant secondary texts from the“Lymphoma House”network platform and the“Lymphoma House 086”public account.Two autobiographical books written by lymphoma patients were also selected as data resources.Data collection and analysis were conducted in an iterative process until theoretical saturation was reached.The COREQ checklist was followed to report this study.Results:The main concern of middle-aged and young patients with lymphoma was identifiedas restoring normality,while managing uncertainty was the main behavioral pattern for restoring normality.Uncertainty consists of two interrelated types:inherent uncertainty of illness and perceived uncertainty of patients.Four strategies are used to manage uncertainty:reconstructing certainty,adaptive coping,defensive buffering,and compensatory changing.Managing uncertainty is influenced by disease characteristics and perceptions,social resources,and cultural concepts.The consequence of managing uncertainty is reaching a new normality.Conclusions:Pervasive uncertainty significantly affects the daily lives of young and middle-aged patients with lymphoma.Consequently,strategies for managing disease-related uncertainty to sustain normality are commonly observed in this population.This theoretical framework for addressing uncertainty can serve as a foundation for understanding and developing tailored interventions to manage uncertainty.Future research should focus on managing uncertainty to help patients restore normality.
摘要Objective: to analyze the impact of public health care on the living behavior pattern of chronic disease high-risk population. Methods: in our hospital in May 2019 to May 2021 were high-risk groups, 40 cases of chronic diseases, random number table method is divided into research group and control group, each 20 cases, control group to carry out the routine nursing care, the team to carry out the public health care, from daily life movement situation, the two aspects of health behavior compliance rating life behavior pattern. Results: after 3 months of intervention, the basal metabolic volume, total energy consumption and daily exercise amount of high-risk groups in the study group were higher than those in the control group, and the health behavior compliance was higher than that in the control group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: public health nursing can improve the living behavior pattern, daily life movement and health behavior compliance in the high-risk population of chronic diseases.
摘要A common way to gain control of victim hosts is to launch buffer overflow attacks by remote exploits.This paper proposes a behavior-based buffer overflow attacker blocker,which can dynamically detect and prevent remote buffer overflow attacks by filtering out the client requests that contain malicious executable codes.An important advantage of this approach is that it can block the attack before the exploit code begins affecting the target program.The blocker is composed of three major components,packet decoder,disassembler,and behavior-based detection engine.It decodes the network packets,extract possible instruction sequences from the payload,and analyzes whether they contain attack behaviors.Since this blocker based its effectiveness on the commonest behavior patterns of buffer overflow shellcode,it is expected to detect not only existing attacks but also zero-day attacks.Moreover,it has the capability of detecting attack-size obfuscation.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 32300938).
摘要Process data recorded by computer-based assessments reflect how respondents solve problems and thus contain rich information about respondents as well as tasks.Considering that different respondents may exhibit different behavioral characteristics during problem-solving process,in this study,we propose a mixture one-parameter state response(Mix1P-SR)measurement model.This model assumes that respondents belong to discrete latent classes with different propensities towards responses to task states during the problem-solving process,and the varying response propensities are captured by different state parameters across classes.A Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm for the estimation of model parameters and classification of respondents is described.The simulation study shows that the Mix1P-SR model could recover parameters well on the premise that the average sequence length was not too short.Moreover,larger sample size,longer sequences,more uniform mixing proportions,and lower interclass similarity facilitated model convergence,model selection,and parameter estimation accuracy,with sequence length being particularly important.Based on the empirical data from PISA 2012,the Mix1P-SR model identified two latent classes of respondents.They had different patterns of state easiness parameters and exhibited different state response patterns,which affected their problem solving results.Implications for model application and future research directions are discussed.
摘要Stress is mental tension caused by difficult situations,often experienced by hospital workers and IT professionals who work long hours.It is essential to detect the stress in shift workers to improve their health.However,existing models measure stress with physiological signals such as PPG,EDA,and blink data,which could not identify the stress level accurately.Additionally,the works face challenges with limited data,inefficient spatial relationships,security issues with health data,and long-range temporal dependencies.In this paper,we have developed a federated learning-based stress detection system for IT and hospital workers,integrating physiological and behavioral indicators for accurate stress detection.Furthermore,the study introduces a hybrid deep learning classifier called ResTFTNet to capture spatial features and complex temporal relationships to detect stress effectively.The proposed work involves two localmodels and a globalmodel,to develop a federated learning framework to enhance stress detection.Thedatasets are pre-processed using the bandpass filter noise removal technique and normalization.The Recursive Feature Elimination feature selection method improves themodel performance.FL aggregates thesemodels using FedAvg to ensure privacy by keeping data localized.After evaluating ResTFTNet with existing models,including Convolution Neural Network,Long-Short-Term-Memory,and Support VectorMachine,the proposed model shows exceptional performance with an accuracy of 99.3%.This work provides an accurate and privacy-preserving method for detecting stress in hospital and IT staff.
摘要Objective Present a new features selection algorithm. Methods based on rule induction and field knowledge. Results This algorithm can be applied in catching dataflow when detecting network intrusions, only the sub dataset including discriminating features is catched. Then the time spend in following behavior patterns mining is reduced and the patterns mined are more precise. Conclusion The experiment results show that the feature subset catched by this algorithm is more informative and the dataset’s quantity is reduced significantly.
基金National Basic Research Program of China(2007CB411600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(30730018)President Fund of Chinese Academy of Sciences(220103)~~
摘要Underwater behavioral patterns of one Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) calf in captivity and those performed on the water surface by two calves in semi-natural environment were focally followed and continuously recorded until one year postpartum to construct the ethogram. The results indicate that 1) the three calves could display diverse and active behavioral patterns; 2) soon after birth, patterns critical for survival appeared first; 3) playful and social patterns predominated the ethogram; 4) most of the patterns were alike across age classes; 5) most of the patterns appeared at the calves’ early life stage. It is possible that the above characteristics are adaptively shaped by the aquatic and social life of this subspecies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32270460)the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program(No.2021xjkk0605)。
摘要Dear Editor,In past decades,research methods for studying insect morphology have been concentrated on static observation,mainly relying on light microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and laser confocal microscopy(Arens,1995;Zucker,2006;Lee et al.,2009).Micro-computed tomography(micro-CT)and 3-dimensional(3D)reconstruction techniques help researchers to better observe,analyze,and understand the insect morphology in larvae,pupae,and adults(e.g.facilitating 3D reconstruction and 2-dimensional[2D]virtual sectioning,and elucidating behavioral patterns)(Mattei et al.,2015;Donato et al.,2021;Rother et al.,2021;Losel et al.,2023;Schubnel et al.,2023;Windfelder et al.,2023;Vommaro et al.,2024;Zelinger et al.,2024).