Since the 1980s, a whole class of economic capable persons has emerged along with China's rural economic development. This class actively participates in grassroots politics and even leads local village governance, c...Since the 1980s, a whole class of economic capable persons has emerged along with China's rural economic development. This class actively participates in grassroots politics and even leads local village governance, creating a unique, novel pattern of village governance in China. This pattern has far-reaching implications for the use of power in China's villages and for the management of grassroots communities. First, it represents democracy-based authoritarian politics (democracy-authority politics) and a transition away from traditional rural village "squireship" governance. Second, governance by economic capable persons surpasses the unitary, centralized People's Commune governance, replacing it with a pluralistic model that utilizes grass-roots community management. Third, the self-governing pattern that is emerging, wherein the general public participates in a government that is dominated by an economic capable persons, demonstrates a modification of ideal villager self-governance and also a pragmatic invention based on local political realities. In the long run, this new class emergence has the potential to evolve into a new type of localized politics; with further economic differentiation in rural areas, village governance will become increasingly diversified, where governing by capable persons will be just one feasible option. This pattern is already becoming common in many rural areas, especially those where the nonagricultural economy is relatively developed展开更多
Keratinous wastes could be degraded by some microorganisms in nature.Native human foot skin(NHFS)was used as sole nitrogen source to screen microorganisms with keratin-degrading capability.From approximately 200 strai...Keratinous wastes could be degraded by some microorganisms in nature.Native human foot skin(NHFS)was used as sole nitrogen source to screen microorganisms with keratin-degrading capability.From approximately 200 strains,a strain of Streptomyces sp.strain No.16 was found to possess the strongest keratinolytic activity,and the total activity in the culture was 110 KU/ml with specific activity of 2870 KU/mg protein(KU:keratinase unit).Substrate specificity test indicated that the crude keratinase could degrade keratin azure,human hair,cock feathers and collagen.The optimal pH of the crude keratinase ranged from 7.5 to 10 and the temperature ranged from 40℃to 55℃.Metal chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid obviously stimulated the keratinolytic activity but suppressed the proteolytic activity.To our knowledge,this is the first report on specific induction of keratinases by NHFS from an actinomycete.Moreover,excellent characteristics of its crude keratinase may lead to the potential application in waste treatment and recovery,poultry and leather industry,medicine,and cosmetic development.展开更多
Based on the author’s experience in the siting of nuclear power plants,some important points and methods for investigation of capable fault and the identification of diffuse seismicity are discussed in the paper.
It is important for a lunar lander to possess a large divert capability during the final landing phase,as this can enhance the tolerance for flight deviations in the early phase or improve the obstacle avoidance perfo...It is important for a lunar lander to possess a large divert capability during the final landing phase,as this can enhance the tolerance for flight deviations in the early phase or improve the obstacle avoidance performance.Therefore,when designing the powered descent trajectory,sufficient final phase divert capability should be reserved at the minimum propellant cost.To this end,a multi-phase trajectory programming(MPTP)method for powered descent with approaching phase divert capability is proposed.First,the entire powered descent trajectory is divided into the main braking phase and the approaching phase.The main braking phase is responsible for dissipating the majority of the initial velocity.The approaching phase is responsible for safely and precisely flying toward the landing site.It is nominally a vertical descent trajectory and possesses equal divert capability in all horizontal directions.Then,a constant-thrust linear tangent guidance(LTG)accounting for the lunar curvature is designed for the main braking phase.For the approaching phase,a variable-thrust lossless convex programming(LCP)guidance considering the constraints of tilt angle and glide-slope angle is developed.Subsequently,to connect the two phases and further optimize the propellant consumption throughout the entire trajectory,a method for determining the phase switching condition is proposed.The originally difficult-to-solve two-parameter optimization problem is decomposed into two more easily solvable subproblems,which are solved iteratively via a bilevel optimization framework.Finally,the divert capability of the proposed method is verified through numerical simulation.The programmed trajectory is basically consistent with the results of the pseudospectral method,with the difference in propellant consumption being only 0.006%.This method is suitable for the rapid iterative design of nominal trajectories for lunar lander powered descent in engineering applications.展开更多
The construction of quasi-solid-state sodium-air batteries(SABs)by replacing traditional liquid electrolytes with gel electrolytes has become one of the future focus areas in the SABs field.However,the currently devel...The construction of quasi-solid-state sodium-air batteries(SABs)by replacing traditional liquid electrolytes with gel electrolytes has become one of the future focus areas in the SABs field.However,the currently developed quasi-solid-state SABs inevitably produce insoluble discharge products during the discharge process,which leads to limited rate capability and poor cycling stability.In this study,a hydrogel electrolyte(PANa-NCNT)containing nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes(NCNT)and sodium polyacrylate(PANa)was designed,and a quasi-solid-state SAB withhighly water-soluble NaOH as the main discharge product was constructed.The physical entanglement between NCNT and PANa in the PANa-NCNT hydrogel electrolyte leads to the heterogeneous structure of gel,which effectively enhances the thermodynamic stability of the hydrogel electrolyte.In addition,the aqueous components of electrolyte determine the reaction pathway of battery.During discharge,the oxygen reduction reaction proceeds via 2e- pathway to generate soluble NaOH,while during charging,the oxygen evolution reaction exhibits a mixed 2e-/4e- reaction pathway.Benefiting from the good thermodynamic stability of PANa-NCNT hydrogel electrolyte and the water-soluble discharge products,the fabricated quasi-solid-state SAB demonstrates stable cycling for 330 cycles(187 h)at 0.5 mA/cm2 in ambient air.These findings reveal the influence of the liquid-phase components in the gel electrolyte on the reaction pathways,which is conducive to promoting the application of hydrogels in quasi-solid-state SABs.展开更多
Accelerometers featuring high natural frequencies and superior overload capabilities are particularly valuable in applications such as military low-threshold-weapon fuzes.However,synergistic improve-ment of these para...Accelerometers featuring high natural frequencies and superior overload capabilities are particularly valuable in applications such as military low-threshold-weapon fuzes.However,synergistic improve-ment of these parameters is bottlenecked by the trade-off between sensitivity and natural frequency,and the trade-off between natural frequency and displacement limit.Here,via designing anti-overload structures integrated with the pure-axial-stressed sensing structure,we achieve simultaneous high natural frequency and superior overload capability.The proposed sensor is fabricated and characterized.Results yield a sensitivity of 0.037±0.002 mV/g at 2 V and a natural frequency of 31.35±0.72 kHz,comparable to the reference sensor,and an overload capability of 19445.80±290.55 g representing a 133.84%improvement.Accelerometers with high natural frequency and superior overload capability enable high-fidelity measurement of broadband signals under harsh environments.展开更多
The development of neuromorphic electronics with visual perception and adaptive capability is highly desirable for advancing artificial vision systems.Herein,we have demonstrated a dual-plasticity adaptive photo trans...The development of neuromorphic electronics with visual perception and adaptive capability is highly desirable for advancing artificial vision systems.Herein,we have demonstrated a dual-plasticity adaptive photo transistor based on IGZO nanofibers that exhibits the perception and dynamic adaptation behavior of rod and cone cells to varying light environments.Benefiting from the coexistence of oxygen vacancies and trap states in nanofibers,the separation and injection of photogenerated carriers are significantly improved,thereby enabling the light-intensity-dependent dynamic adaptability and the gate-modulated photosensitivity with a narrower adaptation timescale than the bio-systems(<2 min).Moreover,the phototransistor array replicates both photopic and scotopic adaptation,and achieves adaptive contrast enhancement for the overexposed images.Finally,the system enables real-time neuromorphic encoding and recognition of digital signals under varying adaptive processes,and the pattern recognition accuracy is significantly improved from 10%to 95.8%.These results not only demonstrate a facile route for bridging visual sensing,adaptive processing,and neuromorphic computing in a single transistor device but also lay the groundwork for future applications in machine vision and next-generation neuromorphic sensory systems.展开更多
The application of commercial hard carbon(HC)materials in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)is limited by their inferior rate capability(<5.0 A/g)and low tap density(<1.0 g/cm3).Alloying-type bismuth(Bi)offers a high...The application of commercial hard carbon(HC)materials in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)is limited by their inferior rate capability(<5.0 A/g)and low tap density(<1.0 g/cm3).Alloying-type bismuth(Bi)offers a high theoretical volumetric capacity of 3800 mAh/cm3 and superb rate capability but suffers from large volume expansion(~244%)and undesirable structural pulverization.Herein,a hectogram-scale Bi-inlaid carbon skeleton(GC-Bi)composite was synthesized through a facile precipitation-carbonization method using low-cost industrial-grade chemical reagents.The as-prepared GC-Bi composite features a unique particle-nested-bulk architecture,achieving a high tap-density of 3.33 g/cm3,which is approximately 4.16 times greater than that of commercial HC.Besides,the carbon sheath enhances the electronic conductivity and accommodates the substantial volume swelling of the embedded Bi particles,contributing to the formation of a thin and stable solid electrolyte interface on the electrode.Consequently,the GC-Bi anode achieves a high volumetric capacity(1123 mAh/cm3),impressive rate capability(207.8 mAh/g at 80 A/g),together with long cyclability retaining 96.5%of its capacity after 5000 cycles in a Na//GC-Bi half-cell and 78%after 800 cycles in a GC-Bi//Na3V2(PO4)3 full-cell.展开更多
Predicting lightning that can cause power grid trips is significant for disaster prevention.This paper integrates cloud-to-ground lightning detection,water vapor and infrared channel as well as channel differences fro...Predicting lightning that can cause power grid trips is significant for disaster prevention.This paper integrates cloud-to-ground lightning detection,water vapor and infrared channel as well as channel differences from the Himawari satellite,to nowcast lightning locations and frequencies in Central China based on deep learning.The model utilized is Convolutional Gated Recurrent Unit with attention mechanisms.Unlike previous studies that typically predict lightning locations and probabilities,this study forecasts both lightning locations and frequencies.Evaluation of the model test set shows that(1)within a lead time of 0 to 120 min,the average probability of detection(POD)is 0.439 and the average critical success index(CSI)is 0.207;(2)as the lead time extends from 10to 120 min,the performance gradually declines,with the accuracy(ACC)decreasing from 0.993 to 0.987,POD decreasing from 0.586 to 0.371,false alarm rate(FAR)increasing from 0.543 to 0.771,CSI decreasing from 0.336to 0.132,and mean absolute error(MAE)increasing from 0.01 to 0.014;and(3)the model performs well for organized storms but faces challenges with isolated cells or new cells near the domain boundary.The constructed warm-season lightning nowcasting model for Central China is tested with a winter thunderstorm in Central China and a spring tornadic storm in South China that caused transmission line trip incidents.The model has strong generalization capabilities over time and space,providing practical value in mitigating lightning-induced power grid trips.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are essential energy storage devices widely used in portable electronics,transportation,and various other applications.However,current anode materials,with their low intercalation potentials...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are essential energy storage devices widely used in portable electronics,transportation,and various other applications.However,current anode materials,with their low intercalation potentials and poor rate performance,struggle to balance energy density,power density,and safety,particularly under extreme conditions.In this work,we report a self-regulating micro-channel network that forms a three-dimensional(3D)composite electrode architecture without binders and conductive additives,offering a promising anode solution for fast-charging LIBs.Benefiting from the robust 3D architecture with abundant Li+active sites and superior electronic conductivity,the niobium tungsten oxide@carbon nanotube(NWO/CNT)composite electrode demonstrates a high reversible capacity(246.6mAh/g at 0.2 C),excellent rate capability(117.1 mAh/g at 60 C),and long-term durability(73.0%capacity retention after 10,000 cycles).Additionally,a thick electrode with high mass loading(10 mg/cm2)shows remarkable high-rate performance,retaining 51.7%capacity at 20 C.Notably,when paired with LiFePO4(LFP)cathodes,the NWO@CNT//LFP@CNT full batteries exhibit impressive high-power capability(2.8 kW/kg),high energy density(394.2 Wh/kg),and exceptional cycle stability(82%capacity retention after 6000 cycles).Most importantly,this composite electrode architecture also enables the fabrication of a planar,miniaturized,all-solid-state lithium-ion battery with fast-charging capabilities.展开更多
Metamaterials are excellent candidates for application in smart morphing aircraft owing to their high designability,excellent mechanical and functional properties.However,existing designs often utilize passive structu...Metamaterials are excellent candidates for application in smart morphing aircraft owing to their high designability,excellent mechanical and functional properties.However,existing designs often utilize passive structures and polymer-based materials,limiting the lightweight and strength of the morphing wings.Hence,we proposed a novel active flexible metal metamaterial inspired by the embedded characteristics and wavy interfaces of epidermal cells in the Portulaca oleracea seedcoat,with network honeycomb configuration.The formability,mechanical properties,deformation mechanisms,and the shape memory effect(SME) of network honeycombs manufactured by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF) were systematically investigated.By regulating the number of cell walls per junction,network honeycombs achieved tunable mechanical properties with the Poisson's ratio ranging from -0.21 to +0.47.The hexagonal network honeycombs(HNHs) demonstrated a fracture strain up to 38% and achieved an excellent shape recovery ratio of 96.10% under thermal activation with 10% pre-programmed strain.The reconfigurable deformation capability of the biomimetic metamaterial was demonstrated in morphing wings within a wide application temperature range,enabling smooth and continuous deformation within a range of -25° to 25°.This study highlights the integration of shape memory alloy to endow metamaterials with active and reconfigurable properties,advancing the engineering applications of smart morphing aircrafts.展开更多
Digital ecosystem embeddedness subverts the promotion mechanism of farmers’entrepreneurial performance;however,related research is scarce.This study constructed a theoretical mechanism model and applied a structural ...Digital ecosystem embeddedness subverts the promotion mechanism of farmers’entrepreneurial performance;however,related research is scarce.This study constructed a theoretical mechanism model and applied a structural equation model,regression analysis,and bootstrapping to explore the impact of digital ecosystem embeddedness on farmers’entrepreneurial performance,based on survey data from 592 farmer start-ups in South China and East China.The research finds that digital ecosystem embeddedness has a significant impact on social networks and farmers’entrepreneurial performance,with social networks acting as a mediator between digital ecosystem embeddedness and farmers’entrepreneurial performance.Social networks positively affect entrepreneurial learning and resource management,and entrepreneurial learning and resource management positively affect farmers’entrepreneurial performance.Both entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial resource management exert a mediating effect between social network and farmers’entrepreneurial performance,respectively.Digitalization capability exerts a moderating effect between digital ecosystem embeddedness and social networks.The results show that the promotion mechanism of digital ecosystem embeddedness on farmers’entrepreneurial performance constructs a new cognitive and resource space for entrepreneurs by rebuilding social networks to provide a combination of continuous learning support and efficient resource aggregation.This study enriches our understanding of the effect of digital ecosystem embeddedness on farmers’entrepreneurial performance by depicting an integrated mechanism for entrepreneurial performance promotion in a digital context.It also provides practical guidance for farming start-ups to develop sustainable entrepreneurial advantages in a digital context.展开更多
摘要Since the 1980s, a whole class of economic capable persons has emerged along with China's rural economic development. This class actively participates in grassroots politics and even leads local village governance, creating a unique, novel pattern of village governance in China. This pattern has far-reaching implications for the use of power in China's villages and for the management of grassroots communities. First, it represents democracy-based authoritarian politics (democracy-authority politics) and a transition away from traditional rural village "squireship" governance. Second, governance by economic capable persons surpasses the unitary, centralized People's Commune governance, replacing it with a pluralistic model that utilizes grass-roots community management. Third, the self-governing pattern that is emerging, wherein the general public participates in a government that is dominated by an economic capable persons, demonstrates a modification of ideal villager self-governance and also a pragmatic invention based on local political realities. In the long run, this new class emergence has the potential to evolve into a new type of localized politics; with further economic differentiation in rural areas, village governance will become increasingly diversified, where governing by capable persons will be just one feasible option. This pattern is already becoming common in many rural areas, especially those where the nonagricultural economy is relatively developed
摘要Keratinous wastes could be degraded by some microorganisms in nature.Native human foot skin(NHFS)was used as sole nitrogen source to screen microorganisms with keratin-degrading capability.From approximately 200 strains,a strain of Streptomyces sp.strain No.16 was found to possess the strongest keratinolytic activity,and the total activity in the culture was 110 KU/ml with specific activity of 2870 KU/mg protein(KU:keratinase unit).Substrate specificity test indicated that the crude keratinase could degrade keratin azure,human hair,cock feathers and collagen.The optimal pH of the crude keratinase ranged from 7.5 to 10 and the temperature ranged from 40℃to 55℃.Metal chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid obviously stimulated the keratinolytic activity but suppressed the proteolytic activity.To our knowledge,this is the first report on specific induction of keratinases by NHFS from an actinomycete.Moreover,excellent characteristics of its crude keratinase may lead to the potential application in waste treatment and recovery,poultry and leather industry,medicine,and cosmetic development.
摘要Based on the author’s experience in the siting of nuclear power plants,some important points and methods for investigation of capable fault and the identification of diffuse seismicity are discussed in the paper.
基金Fourth Phase of the China's Lunar Exploration ProgramChina National Space Administration (D040103)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (62394354)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2025YFF0513303).
摘要It is important for a lunar lander to possess a large divert capability during the final landing phase,as this can enhance the tolerance for flight deviations in the early phase or improve the obstacle avoidance performance.Therefore,when designing the powered descent trajectory,sufficient final phase divert capability should be reserved at the minimum propellant cost.To this end,a multi-phase trajectory programming(MPTP)method for powered descent with approaching phase divert capability is proposed.First,the entire powered descent trajectory is divided into the main braking phase and the approaching phase.The main braking phase is responsible for dissipating the majority of the initial velocity.The approaching phase is responsible for safely and precisely flying toward the landing site.It is nominally a vertical descent trajectory and possesses equal divert capability in all horizontal directions.Then,a constant-thrust linear tangent guidance(LTG)accounting for the lunar curvature is designed for the main braking phase.For the approaching phase,a variable-thrust lossless convex programming(LCP)guidance considering the constraints of tilt angle and glide-slope angle is developed.Subsequently,to connect the two phases and further optimize the propellant consumption throughout the entire trajectory,a method for determining the phase switching condition is proposed.The originally difficult-to-solve two-parameter optimization problem is decomposed into two more easily solvable subproblems,which are solved iteratively via a bilevel optimization framework.Finally,the divert capability of the proposed method is verified through numerical simulation.The programmed trajectory is basically consistent with the results of the pseudospectral method,with the difference in propellant consumption being only 0.006%.This method is suitable for the rapid iterative design of nominal trajectories for lunar lander powered descent in engineering applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12205127,12175089)the Applied Basic Research Programs of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(Nos.202401AV070008,202301AS070051,202401AT070329,202301BE070001-052,202301AU070064)the"Xingdian Talent Support Plan"Programs of Yunnan Province(Nos.KKXY202252001,KKXX202452067).
摘要The construction of quasi-solid-state sodium-air batteries(SABs)by replacing traditional liquid electrolytes with gel electrolytes has become one of the future focus areas in the SABs field.However,the currently developed quasi-solid-state SABs inevitably produce insoluble discharge products during the discharge process,which leads to limited rate capability and poor cycling stability.In this study,a hydrogel electrolyte(PANa-NCNT)containing nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes(NCNT)and sodium polyacrylate(PANa)was designed,and a quasi-solid-state SAB withhighly water-soluble NaOH as the main discharge product was constructed.The physical entanglement between NCNT and PANa in the PANa-NCNT hydrogel electrolyte leads to the heterogeneous structure of gel,which effectively enhances the thermodynamic stability of the hydrogel electrolyte.In addition,the aqueous components of electrolyte determine the reaction pathway of battery.During discharge,the oxygen reduction reaction proceeds via 2e- pathway to generate soluble NaOH,while during charging,the oxygen evolution reaction exhibits a mixed 2e-/4e- reaction pathway.Benefiting from the good thermodynamic stability of PANa-NCNT hydrogel electrolyte and the water-soluble discharge products,the fabricated quasi-solid-state SAB demonstrates stable cycling for 330 cycles(187 h)at 0.5 mA/cm2 in ambient air.These findings reveal the influence of the liquid-phase components in the gel electrolyte on the reaction pathways,which is conducive to promoting the application of hydrogels in quasi-solid-state SABs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan(Grant No.2024YFF0509400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52305615)+1 种基金the Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Development Program(Grant Nos.2023-LL-QY-35,2024RS-CXTD 19)the Innovative Subject of Anhui Micro-Electro-Mechanical System(MEMS)Technology Industrial Innovation Research Institute.
摘要Accelerometers featuring high natural frequencies and superior overload capabilities are particularly valuable in applications such as military low-threshold-weapon fuzes.However,synergistic improve-ment of these parameters is bottlenecked by the trade-off between sensitivity and natural frequency,and the trade-off between natural frequency and displacement limit.Here,via designing anti-overload structures integrated with the pure-axial-stressed sensing structure,we achieve simultaneous high natural frequency and superior overload capability.The proposed sensor is fabricated and characterized.Results yield a sensitivity of 0.037±0.002 mV/g at 2 V and a natural frequency of 31.35±0.72 kHz,comparable to the reference sensor,and an overload capability of 19445.80±290.55 g representing a 133.84%improvement.Accelerometers with high natural frequency and superior overload capability enable high-fidelity measurement of broadband signals under harsh environments.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52202156 and 52303306)Anhui Project(Grant No.Z010118169)+2 种基金The University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(Grant No.GXXT-2022-012)the Key Natural Science Research Projects in Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province(Grant No.KJ2021A1088)the Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province(Grant No.2022AH050113)。
摘要The development of neuromorphic electronics with visual perception and adaptive capability is highly desirable for advancing artificial vision systems.Herein,we have demonstrated a dual-plasticity adaptive photo transistor based on IGZO nanofibers that exhibits the perception and dynamic adaptation behavior of rod and cone cells to varying light environments.Benefiting from the coexistence of oxygen vacancies and trap states in nanofibers,the separation and injection of photogenerated carriers are significantly improved,thereby enabling the light-intensity-dependent dynamic adaptability and the gate-modulated photosensitivity with a narrower adaptation timescale than the bio-systems(<2 min).Moreover,the phototransistor array replicates both photopic and scotopic adaptation,and achieves adaptive contrast enhancement for the overexposed images.Finally,the system enables real-time neuromorphic encoding and recognition of digital signals under varying adaptive processes,and the pattern recognition accuracy is significantly improved from 10%to 95.8%.These results not only demonstrate a facile route for bridging visual sensing,adaptive processing,and neuromorphic computing in a single transistor device but also lay the groundwork for future applications in machine vision and next-generation neuromorphic sensory systems.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21878192,51904193,and 52302085)the Science and Technology Cooperation Special Fund of Sichuan University and Zigong City(No.2023CDZG-5)the Frontier Project of Chengdu Tianfu New Area Institute(SWUST,No 39200005).
摘要The application of commercial hard carbon(HC)materials in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)is limited by their inferior rate capability(<5.0 A/g)and low tap density(<1.0 g/cm3).Alloying-type bismuth(Bi)offers a high theoretical volumetric capacity of 3800 mAh/cm3 and superb rate capability but suffers from large volume expansion(~244%)and undesirable structural pulverization.Herein,a hectogram-scale Bi-inlaid carbon skeleton(GC-Bi)composite was synthesized through a facile precipitation-carbonization method using low-cost industrial-grade chemical reagents.The as-prepared GC-Bi composite features a unique particle-nested-bulk architecture,achieving a high tap-density of 3.33 g/cm3,which is approximately 4.16 times greater than that of commercial HC.Besides,the carbon sheath enhances the electronic conductivity and accommodates the substantial volume swelling of the embedded Bi particles,contributing to the formation of a thin and stable solid electrolyte interface on the electrode.Consequently,the GC-Bi anode achieves a high volumetric capacity(1123 mAh/cm3),impressive rate capability(207.8 mAh/g at 80 A/g),together with long cyclability retaining 96.5%of its capacity after 5000 cycles in a Na//GC-Bi half-cell and 78%after 800 cycles in a GC-Bi//Na3V2(PO4)3 full-cell.
基金supported by a Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund for Innovation and Development project[grant number 2022CFD124]the China Meteorological Administration Tornado Key Laboratory[grant number TKL202305]。
摘要Predicting lightning that can cause power grid trips is significant for disaster prevention.This paper integrates cloud-to-ground lightning detection,water vapor and infrared channel as well as channel differences from the Himawari satellite,to nowcast lightning locations and frequencies in Central China based on deep learning.The model utilized is Convolutional Gated Recurrent Unit with attention mechanisms.Unlike previous studies that typically predict lightning locations and probabilities,this study forecasts both lightning locations and frequencies.Evaluation of the model test set shows that(1)within a lead time of 0 to 120 min,the average probability of detection(POD)is 0.439 and the average critical success index(CSI)is 0.207;(2)as the lead time extends from 10to 120 min,the performance gradually declines,with the accuracy(ACC)decreasing from 0.993 to 0.987,POD decreasing from 0.586 to 0.371,false alarm rate(FAR)increasing from 0.543 to 0.771,CSI decreasing from 0.336to 0.132,and mean absolute error(MAE)increasing from 0.01 to 0.014;and(3)the model performs well for organized storms but faces challenges with isolated cells or new cells near the domain boundary.The constructed warm-season lightning nowcasting model for Central China is tested with a winter thunderstorm in Central China and a spring tornadic storm in South China that caused transmission line trip incidents.The model has strong generalization capabilities over time and space,providing practical value in mitigating lightning-induced power grid trips.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB2402600)One-Three-Five Strategic Planning of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)+1 种基金the Zhaoqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(No.2019K038)provided by Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Grant Tier 2(No.MOE-T2EP50121-0007)。
摘要Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are essential energy storage devices widely used in portable electronics,transportation,and various other applications.However,current anode materials,with their low intercalation potentials and poor rate performance,struggle to balance energy density,power density,and safety,particularly under extreme conditions.In this work,we report a self-regulating micro-channel network that forms a three-dimensional(3D)composite electrode architecture without binders and conductive additives,offering a promising anode solution for fast-charging LIBs.Benefiting from the robust 3D architecture with abundant Li+active sites and superior electronic conductivity,the niobium tungsten oxide@carbon nanotube(NWO/CNT)composite electrode demonstrates a high reversible capacity(246.6mAh/g at 0.2 C),excellent rate capability(117.1 mAh/g at 60 C),and long-term durability(73.0%capacity retention after 10,000 cycles).Additionally,a thick electrode with high mass loading(10 mg/cm2)shows remarkable high-rate performance,retaining 51.7%capacity at 20 C.Notably,when paired with LiFePO4(LFP)cathodes,the NWO@CNT//LFP@CNT full batteries exhibit impressive high-power capability(2.8 kW/kg),high energy density(394.2 Wh/kg),and exceptional cycle stability(82%capacity retention after 6000 cycles).Most importantly,this composite electrode architecture also enables the fabrication of a planar,miniaturized,all-solid-state lithium-ion battery with fast-charging capabilities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52225503)Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.BE2022069,BE2022069-1)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China for Creative Research Groups(Grant No.51921003)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(NI2024003).
摘要Metamaterials are excellent candidates for application in smart morphing aircraft owing to their high designability,excellent mechanical and functional properties.However,existing designs often utilize passive structures and polymer-based materials,limiting the lightweight and strength of the morphing wings.Hence,we proposed a novel active flexible metal metamaterial inspired by the embedded characteristics and wavy interfaces of epidermal cells in the Portulaca oleracea seedcoat,with network honeycomb configuration.The formability,mechanical properties,deformation mechanisms,and the shape memory effect(SME) of network honeycombs manufactured by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF) were systematically investigated.By regulating the number of cell walls per junction,network honeycombs achieved tunable mechanical properties with the Poisson's ratio ranging from -0.21 to +0.47.The hexagonal network honeycombs(HNHs) demonstrated a fracture strain up to 38% and achieved an excellent shape recovery ratio of 96.10% under thermal activation with 10% pre-programmed strain.The reconfigurable deformation capability of the biomimetic metamaterial was demonstrated in morphing wings within a wide application temperature range,enabling smooth and continuous deformation within a range of -25° to 25°.This study highlights the integration of shape memory alloy to endow metamaterials with active and reconfigurable properties,advancing the engineering applications of smart morphing aircrafts.
基金the National Pre-Research Foundation of Suzhou City University(Grant No.2023SGY006)Philosophy and Social Science Fund of Higher Education Department in Jiangsu Province(Grant No.2024SJYB1073)to provide fund for conducting research.
摘要Digital ecosystem embeddedness subverts the promotion mechanism of farmers’entrepreneurial performance;however,related research is scarce.This study constructed a theoretical mechanism model and applied a structural equation model,regression analysis,and bootstrapping to explore the impact of digital ecosystem embeddedness on farmers’entrepreneurial performance,based on survey data from 592 farmer start-ups in South China and East China.The research finds that digital ecosystem embeddedness has a significant impact on social networks and farmers’entrepreneurial performance,with social networks acting as a mediator between digital ecosystem embeddedness and farmers’entrepreneurial performance.Social networks positively affect entrepreneurial learning and resource management,and entrepreneurial learning and resource management positively affect farmers’entrepreneurial performance.Both entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial resource management exert a mediating effect between social network and farmers’entrepreneurial performance,respectively.Digitalization capability exerts a moderating effect between digital ecosystem embeddedness and social networks.The results show that the promotion mechanism of digital ecosystem embeddedness on farmers’entrepreneurial performance constructs a new cognitive and resource space for entrepreneurs by rebuilding social networks to provide a combination of continuous learning support and efficient resource aggregation.This study enriches our understanding of the effect of digital ecosystem embeddedness on farmers’entrepreneurial performance by depicting an integrated mechanism for entrepreneurial performance promotion in a digital context.It also provides practical guidance for farming start-ups to develop sustainable entrepreneurial advantages in a digital context.