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DESIGN OF LOW-DENSITY PARITY CHECK CODES FOR MIMO SYSTEMS WITH DOUBLY-ITERATIVE RECEIVERS 认领 引用
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作者 Mei Zhonghui Li Xiaofei 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2010年第4期553-556,共4页
In this paper, the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) doubly-iterative receiver which consists of the Probabilistic Data Association detector (PDA) and Low-Density Parity-Check Code (LDPC) decoder is developed. The... In this paper, the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) doubly-iterative receiver which consists of the Probabilistic Data Association detector (PDA) and Low-Density Parity-Check Code (LDPC) decoder is developed. The receiver performs two iterative decoding loops. In the outer loop, the soft information is exchanged between the PDA detector and the LDPC decoder. In the inner loop, it is exchanged between variable node and check node decoders inside the LDPC decoder. On the light of the Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) chart technique, an LDPC code degree profile optimization algorithm is developed for the doubly-iterative receiver. Simulation results show the doubly-receiver with optimized irregular LDPC code can have a better performance than the one with the regular one. 展开更多
关键词 Probabilistic Data Association (PDA) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Low-Density Parity-Check Code (LDPC) Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) chart
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A Construction of Low-Density Parity-Check Codes 认领 引用
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作者 Xiuling SHAN Tienan LI 《Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications》 CSCD 2013年第3期330-336,共7页
Low-density parity-check （LDPC） codes were first presented by Gallager in 1962. They are linear block codes and their bit error rate （BER） performance approaches remarkably close to the Shannon limit. The LDPC cod... Low-density parity-check （LDPC） codes were first presented by Gallager in 1962. They are linear block codes and their bit error rate （BER） performance approaches remarkably close to the Shannon limit. The LDPC codes created much interest after the rediscovery by Mackay and Neal in 1995. This paper introduces some new LDPC codes by considering some combinatorial structures. We present regular LDPC codes based on group divisible designs which have Tanner graphs free of four-cycles. 展开更多
关键词 low-density parity-check code iterative decoding group divisible design.
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Low-Complexity Optimization Algorithm for Irregular Low-Density Parity-Check Codes 认领 引用
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作者 左健存 邵宇丰 桂林 《Journal of Donghua University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2013年第4期330-335,共6页
A low-complexity algorithm is proposed in this paper in order to optimize irregular low-density parity-check （LDPC） codes.The algorithm proposed can calculate the noise threshold by means of a one-dimensional densit... A low-complexity algorithm is proposed in this paper in order to optimize irregular low-density parity-check （LDPC） codes.The algorithm proposed can calculate the noise threshold by means of a one-dimensional density evolution and search the optimal degree profiles with fast-convergence differential evolution,so that it has a lower complexity and a faster convergence speed.Simulation resuits show that the irregular LDPC codes optimized by the presented algorithm can also perform better than Turbo codes at moderate block length even with less computation cost. 展开更多
关键词 irregular low-density parity-check （LDPC） codes Turbo codes optimizationCLC number：TN911.22Document code：AArticle ID：1672-5220（2013）04-0330-06
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Application of the Henon Chaotic Model on to the Design of Low Density Parity Check Codes 认领 引用
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作者 XIAO Dongliang LIN Chunlei +1 位作者 SHI Hongling JIAO Bingli 《Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences》 CAS 2007年第3期485-490,共6页
A new method to design parity-check matrix based on Henon chaos model is presented. The designed parity-check matrix is with rather random behavior. Simulation results show that the proposed method makes an improvemen... A new method to design parity-check matrix based on Henon chaos model is presented. The designed parity-check matrix is with rather random behavior. Simulation results show that the proposed method makes an improvement in bit error rate （BER） performance by 0.4 dB compared with that of Luby for AWGN channel. The proposed method decreases the complexity of decoding significantly, and improves the error correcting performance of LDPC codes. It has been shown that Henon chaotic model is a powerful tool for construction of good LDPC codes, which make it possible to apply the LDPC code in real communication systems. 展开更多
关键词 LDPC codes chaos parity-check matrix Henon map
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Low-Density Parity-Check Codes: Research Status and Development Direction 认领 引用
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作者 Jie Xu Zhiyong Zheng Kun Tian 《Journal of Information Security》 2022年第4期257-271,共15页
In this paper, we conclude five kinds of methods for construction of the regular low-density parity matrix H and three kinds of methods for the construction of irregular low-density parity-check matrix H. Through the ... In this paper, we conclude five kinds of methods for construction of the regular low-density parity matrix H and three kinds of methods for the construction of irregular low-density parity-check matrix H. Through the analysis of the code rate and parameters of these eight kinds of structures, we find that the construction of low-density parity-check matrix tends to be more flexible and the parameter variability is enhanced. We propose that the current development cost should be lower with the progress of electronic technology and we need research on more practical Low-Density Parity-Check Codes (LDPC). Combined with the application of the quantum distribution key, we urgently need to explore the research direction of relevant theories and technologies of LDPC codes in other fields of quantum information in the future. 展开更多
关键词 Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) Parity Check Matrix H Quasi-Cyclic (QC) LDPC Spatially Coupled Low-Density Parity-Check (SC-LDPC) Codes
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Multistep Linear Programming Approaches for Decoding Low-Density Parity-Check Codes 认领 引用
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作者 刘海洋 马连荣 陈杰 《Tsinghua Science and Technology》 EI CAS 2009年第5期556-560,共5页
The problem of improving the performance of linear programming（LP） decoding of low-density parity-check（LDPC） codes is considered in this paper.A multistep linear programming（MLP） algorithm was developed for dec... The problem of improving the performance of linear programming（LP） decoding of low-density parity-check（LDPC） codes is considered in this paper.A multistep linear programming（MLP） algorithm was developed for decoding LDPC codes that includes a slight increase in computational complexity.The MLP decoder adaptively adds new constraints which are compatible with a selected check node to refine the results when an error is reported by the original LP decoder.The MLP decoder result is shown to have the maximum-likelihood（ML） certificate property.Simulations with moderate block length LDPC codes suggest that the MLP decoder gives better performance than both the original LP decoder and the conventional sum-product（SP） decoder. 展开更多
关键词 low-density parity-check（LDPC） codes linear programming（LP） LP decoding pseudocode-word maximum-likelihood（ML） certificate property
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Area-efficient analog decoder design for low density parity check codes in deep-space applications 认领 引用
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作者 Zhao Zhe Gao Fei +1 位作者 Zheng Hao Yin Xue 《The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications》 EI CSCD 2017年第4期69-75,共7页
Area-efficient design methodology is proposed for the analog decoding implementations of the rate-l/2 accumulate repeat-4 jagged-accumulate （AR4JA） low density parity check （LDPC） code. The proposed approach is de... Area-efficient design methodology is proposed for the analog decoding implementations of the rate-l/2 accumulate repeat-4 jagged-accumulate （AR4JA） low density parity check （LDPC） code. The proposed approach is designed using optimized decoding architecture and regularized routing network, in such a way that the overall wiring overhead is minimized and the silicon area utilization is significantly improved. The prototyping chip used to verily the approach is tully integrated in a four-metal double-poly 0.35 lam complementary metal oxide semiconductor （CMOS） technology, and includes an input-output interface that maximizes the decoder throughput. The decoding core area is 2.02 mm2 with a post-layout area utilization of 80%. The decoder was successfully tested at the maximum data rate of 10 Mbit/s, with a core power consumption of 6.78 mW at 3.3 V, which corresponds to an energy per decoded bit of 0.677 nJ. The proposed analog LDPC decoder with low processing power and high-reliability is suitable lbr space- and power-constrained spacecraft system. 展开更多
关键词 low density parity check （LDPC） code analog decoding iterative message-passing algorithms hardware efficient area utilization
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DESIGN OF QUASI-CYCLIC LDPC CODES BASED ON EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRIES 认领 引用 被引量：4
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作者 Liu Yuanhua Niu Xinliang +1 位作者 Wang Xinmei Fan Jiulun 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2010年第3期340-344,共5页
A new method for constructing Quasi-Cyclic (QC) Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes based on Euclidean Geometry (EG) is presented. The proposed method results in a class of QC-LDPC codes with girth of at least 6 and... A new method for constructing Quasi-Cyclic (QC) Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes based on Euclidean Geometry (EG) is presented. The proposed method results in a class of QC-LDPC codes with girth of at least 6 and the designed codes perform very close to the Shannon limit with iterative decoding. Simulations show that the designed QC-LDPC codes have almost the same performance with the existing EG-LDPC codes. 展开更多
关键词 Low-Density Parity-Check codes (LDPC) Quasi-Cyclic (QC) Euclidean Geometry (EG) Iterative method
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JOINT ITERATIVE DECODING FOR SIMPLE-ENCODING SYSTEMATIC IRREGULAR-LDPC-BASED CODED COOPERATION IN NON-IDEAL RELAY CHANNEL 认领 引用 被引量：3
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作者 Chen Jingwen Yang Fengfan +1 位作者 Luo Lin Tho Le-Ngoc 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2010年第3期305-315,共11页
In this paper, a new kind of simple-encoding irregular systematic LDPC codes suitable for one-relay coded cooperation is designed, where the proposed joint iterative decoding is effectively performed in the destinatio... In this paper, a new kind of simple-encoding irregular systematic LDPC codes suitable for one-relay coded cooperation is designed, where the proposed joint iterative decoding is effectively performed in the destination which is in accordance with the corresponding joint Tanner graph characterizing two different component LDPC codes used by the source and relay in ideal and non-ideal relay cooperations. The theoretical analysis and simulations show that the coded cooperation scheme obviously outperforms the coded non-cooperation one under the same code rate and decoding complex. The significant performance improvement can be virtually credited to the additional mutual exchange of the extrinsic information resulted by the LDPC code employed by the source and its counterpart used by the relay in both ideal and non-ideal cooperations. 展开更多
关键词 Cooperative communication Low-density parity-check code Relay channel Joint Tanner graph Joint iterative decoding
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基于早期终止解码器的高效小型化PUF 认领 引用
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作者 孟坤 许嘉鑫 王启源 《计算机工程与设计》 北大核心 2026年第2期459-465,共7页
信息安全在现代社会中至关重要,物理不可克隆函数(PUF)为密钥生成与管理提供了解决途径,而SRAM PUF因其易于集成和使用而受到青睐。因此利用独立SRAM芯片作为PUF单元,分析了基于模糊提取器的密钥提取方法,结合BCH编码和奇偶校验码,提出... 信息安全在现代社会中至关重要,物理不可克隆函数(PUF)为密钥生成与管理提供了解决途径,而SRAM PUF因其易于集成和使用而受到青睐。因此利用独立SRAM芯片作为PUF单元,分析了基于模糊提取器的密钥提取方法,结合BCH编码和奇偶校验码,提出了优化的BCH码Meggitt解码器的早期终止方法,并设计了一款小型SRAM PUF设备,结合HMAC技术实现了多挑战应答功能。实验结果表明,所设计的SRAM PUF设备性能优异,片内汉明权重为0.5185%,片间汉明距离为48.4075%。在常温下失败低于4.3×10-7,优化后的早期终止纠错方法使解码速度提升了10.10%,显著增强了设备的实际应用能力。 展开更多
关键词 信息安全 物理不可克隆函数 静态随机存取存储器 模糊提取器 纠错码 解码器 奇偶校验码
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一种LDPC码的自适应分层阈值最小和译码算法 认领 引用
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作者 袁建国 熊龙宇 胡坤 《半导体光电》 CAS 北大核心 2026年第1期158-163,共6页
针对低密度奇偶校验码的最小和译码算法性能有限及传统译码算法收敛速度较慢等问题,提出一种自适应分层阈值最小和(Adaptive Layered Threshold Min-Sum,ALTMS)译码算法。该算法结合阈值归一化最小和译码算法与阈值偏移最小和译码算法... 针对低密度奇偶校验码的最小和译码算法性能有限及传统译码算法收敛速度较慢等问题,提出一种自适应分层阈值最小和(Adaptive Layered Threshold Min-Sum,ALTMS)译码算法。该算法结合阈值归一化最小和译码算法与阈值偏移最小和译码算法的优势,通过动态调整修正因子,使其随迭代次数自适应变化。同时,采用分层调度方式,有效提升了算法收敛速度和译码性能。仿真结果表明,与分层调度下的四种阈值最小和译码算法相比,所提出的ALTMS译码算法实现了一定的性能增益,相比使用固定修正因子的最小和译码算法展现出更优越的纠错性能。 展开更多
关键词 低密度奇偶校验码 最小和译码算法 分层调度 修正因子 迭代次数
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基于Stanley序列与遗传算法的短码长QC-LDPC码构造方法 认领 引用
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作者 袁建国 胡坤 熊龙宇 《半导体光电》 CAS 北大核心 2026年第3期589-594,共6页
针对准循环低密度奇偶校验(QC-LDPC)码易存在短环结构且在短码长易出现小陷阱集导致错误平层的问题,基于Stanley序列的特性,结合遗传算法提出一种环长至少为8的短码长QC-LDPC码构造方法。该方法首先利用Stanley序列构造指数矩阵的前两行... 针对准循环低密度奇偶校验(QC-LDPC)码易存在短环结构且在短码长易出现小陷阱集导致错误平层的问题,基于Stanley序列的特性,结合遗传算法提出一种环长至少为8的短码长QC-LDPC码构造方法。该方法首先利用Stanley序列构造指数矩阵的前两行,借助其序列特性天然避免四环;再通过引入遗传算法搜索第三行元素,在确保无四六环的同时,对(5,3)和(6,4)等危害性小陷阱集的数量进行最小化;最后将指数矩阵扩展为奇偶校验矩阵,完成QC-LDPC码构造。仿真结果表明,在误码率为1×10-6时,所构造的短码长SS-QC-LDPC码相较于其他三种具有相同码率和码长的QC-LDPC码型,具有更好的净编码增益且没有出现错误平层现象。因此,所提方法的纠错性能更佳且短码长更易于编译码实现。 展开更多
关键词 准循环低密度奇偶校验码 Stanley序列 遗传算法 短码长
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LLR calculation for LDPC coded SCBT in 60 GHz WPAN 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Lingjun Kong Yang Xiao +1 位作者 Ming Lei Ye Huang 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI 2010年第5期734-739,共6页
The single-carrier block transmission（SCBT）,a.k.a.,single-carrier frequency-domain equalization（SC-FDE）,is being considered as an option technique for the wireless personal area network（WPAN） operating at 60 GHz... The single-carrier block transmission（SCBT）,a.k.a.,single-carrier frequency-domain equalization（SC-FDE）,is being considered as an option technique for the wireless personal area network（WPAN） operating at 60 GHz.It is found that for residential environment,in non-line-of-sight（NLOS） multi-path channels,the SCBT is much more effective to combat the inter-symbol interference（ISI） compared with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（OFDM）.Low-density parity-check（LDPC） codes are a class of linear block codes which provide near capacity performance on a large collection of data transmission and storage channels while simultaneously admitting implementable decoders.To facilitate using LDPC codes for SCBT system,a new log-likelihood ratio（LLR） calculation method is proposed based on pilot symbols（PS）.Golay Sequences whose sum autocorrelation has a unique peak and zero sidelobe are used for creating the PS.The position and length of the PS are not fixed in the data blocks.The simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the LDPC decoding performance in SCBT system.This is very promising to support ultra high-data-rate wireless transmission. 展开更多
关键词 single-carrier block transmission single-carrier frequency-domain equalization low-density parity-check code log-likelihood ratio wireless personal area network.
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LDPC Code’s Decoding Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Network:a Brief Review 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Weidong Fang Wuxiong Zhang +2 位作者 Lianhai Shan Biruk Assefa Wei Chen 《Journal of New Media》 2019年第1期45-50,共6页
As an effective error correction technology,the Low Density Parity Check Code(LDPC)has been researched and applied by many scholars.Meanwhile,LDPC codes have some prominent performances,which involves close to the Sha... As an effective error correction technology,the Low Density Parity Check Code(LDPC)has been researched and applied by many scholars.Meanwhile,LDPC codes have some prominent performances,which involves close to the Shannon limit,achieving a higher bit rate and a fast decoding.However,whether these excellent characteristics are suitable for the resource-constrained Wireless Sensor Network(WSN),it seems to be seldom concerned.In this article,we review the LDPC code’s structure brief.ly,and them classify and summarize the LDPC codes’construction and decoding algorithms,finally,analyze the applications of LDPC code for WSN.We believe that our contributions will be able to facilitate the application of LDPC code in WSN. 展开更多
关键词 Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) Low Density Parity Check Code(LDPC) anti-interference soft decision hard decision
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基于校验码猜测生日码的Python实现 认领 引用
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作者 黄绍龙 刘华煜 《计算机应用文摘》 2026年第6期99-101,共3页
身份证是公民身份信息的重要载体,身份证号码是其主要特征信息。由于实际生活需求,身份证图片可能会暴露在网络上,即使部分号码被隐藏,仍然存在隐私泄露的风险。文章假设了在未知生日码的情况下,利用身份证号码的校验码推测出可能的生... 身份证是公民身份信息的重要载体,身份证号码是其主要特征信息。由于实际生活需求,身份证图片可能会暴露在网络上,即使部分号码被隐藏,仍然存在隐私泄露的风险。文章假设了在未知生日码的情况下,利用身份证号码的校验码推测出可能的生日码。通过Python的模块化设计方法,在图形用户界面中实现用户输入和结果展示,旨在提醒人们增强在互联网环境中对个人隐私保护的意识。 展开更多
关键词 身份证号码 校验码 生日码 穷举 隐私
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基于误码置零的LDPC码稀疏校验矩阵重建 认领 引用
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作者 王忠勇 贺东旭 +2 位作者 巩克现 翟慧鹏 王玮 《系统工程与电子技术》 EI CSCD 北大核心 2026年第5期1765-1771,共7页
为提升高误码率、接收码字个数较少情况下低密度奇偶校验(low density parity check,LDPC)码稀疏校验矩阵重建性能,提出一种将含错码字置零和分层置信传播(layered belief propagation,LBP)译码相结合的算法。该算法基于随机抽取和高斯... 为提升高误码率、接收码字个数较少情况下低密度奇偶校验(low density parity check,LDPC)码稀疏校验矩阵重建性能,提出一种将含错码字置零和分层置信传播(layered belief propagation,LBP)译码相结合的算法。该算法基于随机抽取和高斯消元法获取稀疏校验向量,利用该校验向量对含错的接收码字进行校验,将校验不通过的码字置为零向量,提高了随机抽取迭代前期获取的稀疏校验向量个数。当稀疏校验向量个数到达阈值后使用LBP译码方法纠正错误比特,提升了LDPC码稀疏校验矩阵的重建率。仿真结果表明,对于IEEE802.11n协议下的(648,324)LDPC码,所提算法在高误码率且接收码字个数较少的条件下,稀疏校验矩阵重建率可达84%,相比现有算法提升了约40%,有效提高了重建算法的容错能力。 展开更多
关键词 低密度奇偶校验 稀疏校验矩阵 随机抽取 误码置零 重建算法
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基于多重编码机制的混沌映射信息隐藏算法 认领 引用
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作者 李冰楠 陈云红 李书明 《现代电子技术》 北大核心 2026年第12期123-129,134,共7页
为解决现有算法在不可见性、嵌入容量及安全性方面的局限性,提出一种适用于消息传递场景的信息隐藏算法。在嵌入阶段,该算法结合混沌映射多重编码机制和CRC哈希校验生成零宽字符隐藏信息(水印信息),并将其嵌入载体消息;提取阶段,先校验... 为解决现有算法在不可见性、嵌入容量及安全性方面的局限性,提出一种适用于消息传递场景的信息隐藏算法。在嵌入阶段,该算法结合混沌映射多重编码机制和CRC哈希校验生成零宽字符隐藏信息(水印信息),并将其嵌入载体消息;提取阶段,先校验水印信息的CRC哈希值,校验通过后,采用混沌映射多重编码机制解码,得到隐匿信息。算法通过插入不可见零宽字符,全程不修改文本内容,保证原文语义完整;采用单零宽字符映射四位二进制的编码方法,嵌入容量优于同类算法;以混沌映射算法为核心,搭配多重编码机制完成隐匿信息的零宽字符编码,使得算法复杂度较高、破解难度较大;最后利用CRC哈希校验判别出载体消息是否遭到篡改。实验结果表明,所提算法在不可见性、嵌入容量和安全性方面均表现良好。 展开更多
关键词 混沌映射 多重编码机制 异体字编码 字符编码 零宽字符编码 CRC哈希校验
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基于奇偶校验和循环冗余校验的增强Fast-SCL译码算法 认领 引用
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作者 韩国军 董鹏 +2 位作者 曾子峰 翟雄飞 史治平 《电子科技大学学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2026年第4期565-570,共6页
极化码主流的快速串行消除列表(Fast-SCL)译码算法虽能实现低时延,但在中短码长下性能较差。针对该问题,提出了一种结合奇偶校验(parity check,PC)与循环冗余校验(CRC)的Fast-SCL算法。在Fast-SCL算法中引入PC位以实现早期的路径验证,... 极化码主流的快速串行消除列表(Fast-SCL)译码算法虽能实现低时延,但在中短码长下性能较差。针对该问题,提出了一种结合奇偶校验(parity check,PC)与循环冗余校验(CRC)的Fast-SCL算法。在Fast-SCL算法中引入PC位以实现早期的路径验证,提升路径选择的可靠性;同时,在校验位总数不变的前提下,考虑PC位与CRC位的多种组合方式。仿真结果表明,在短码长、帧错误率(FER)为10-2的条件下,与原始的CRC辅助Fast-SCL算法相比,该算法性能增益最高可达0.35 dB,计算复杂度最多可降低10%。 展开更多
关键词 极化码 特殊节点 快速串行消除列表 奇偶校验 循环冗余校验
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Performance analysis of LDPC codes on OOK terahertz wireless channels 认领 引用 被引量：4
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作者 刘纯 王长 曹俊诚 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第2期553-557,共5页
Atmospheric absorption, scattering, and scintillation are the major causes to deteriorate the transmission quality of terahertz（THz） wireless communications. An error control coding scheme based on low density parit... Atmospheric absorption, scattering, and scintillation are the major causes to deteriorate the transmission quality of terahertz（THz） wireless communications. An error control coding scheme based on low density parity check（LDPC） codes with soft decision decoding algorithm is proposed to improve the bit-error-rate（BER） performance of an on-off keying（OOK） modulated THz signal through atmospheric channel. The THz wave propagation characteristics and channel model in atmosphere is set up. Numerical simulations validate the great performance of LDPC codes against the atmospheric fading and demonstrate the huge potential in future ultra-high speed beyond Gbps THz communications. 展开更多
关键词 terahertz wireless channels low density parity check codes atmospheric turbulence gamma-gamma models
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论《生态环境法典(草案)》中“三同时”规范的精简 认领 引用
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作者 王小钢 刘志和 《中国环境管理》 CSSCI 2026年第1期193-203,共11页
《中华人民共和国生态环境法典(草案)》(三次审议稿)第162条系“三同时”规范,包括“三同时”义务规定和自主验收规定两款。围绕建设项目“三同时”制度,学界形成了“保留论”与“废除论”两种学术观点。该法典草案采取了“保留论”。... 《中华人民共和国生态环境法典(草案)》(三次审议稿)第162条系“三同时”规范,包括“三同时”义务规定和自主验收规定两款。围绕建设项目“三同时”制度,学界形成了“保留论”与“废除论”两种学术观点。该法典草案采取了“保留论”。无论是“保留论”还是“废除论”,均将“三同时”义务规定与自主验收规定视为一个整体,主张“全有”或“全无”。然而,“三同时”义务规定与自主验收规定在历史沿革、功能定位和实践基础等方面存在差异,并非浑然一体。“三同时”义务规定具有污染预防功能,具备成熟的实践经验,也可衔接环评与排污许可。自主验收规定与排污许可制度已形成功能重叠。删除自主验收规定可以节约企业守法成本。此外,环境执法实践中自主验收呈现出淡化趋势。因此,“三同时”规范的“精简论”主张合理取舍。一方面,保留第162条第1款“三同时”义务规定;另一方面,删除第162条第2款自主验收规定。 展开更多
关键词 生态环境法典 “三同时”规范 “三同时”义务 自主验收
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