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A multiple copyright identification watermarking algorithm based on code division multiple access 认领 引用
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作者 张帆 li Jie +1 位作者 Su Yuting Zhang Chuntian 《High Technology Letters》 EI CAS 2008年第4期377-383,共7页
A multiple watermarking algorithm is presented according to the multiple accessing technique of the code division multiple access (CDMA) system. Multiple watermarks are embedded into digital images in the wavelet tr... A multiple watermarking algorithm is presented according to the multiple accessing technique of the code division multiple access (CDMA) system. Multiple watermarks are embedded into digital images in the wavelet transform domain. Each of the watermarks is embedded and extracted independently without impacts to each other. Multiple watermarks are convolution encoded and block interleaved, and the orthogonal Gold sequences are used to spread spectrum of the copyright messages. CDMA encoded water-mark messages are embedded into the wavelet sub-bands excluding the wavelet HH1 sub-bands. The embedment amplitude is decided by Watson' s perceptual model of wavelet transform domain, and the embedmeut position in the selected wavelet sub-bands is decided randomly by a pseudo-random noise (PN) sequence. As a blind watermm'king algorithm, watermarks are extracted without original image. The watermarking capacity of proposed algorithm is also discussed. When two watermarks are embedded in an image at the same time, the capacity is larger than the capacity when a single watermark is embedded, and is smaller than the sum of the capacity of two separately embedded watermarks. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves the detection bits error rate (BER) observably, and the multiple watermarks have a preferable robustness and invisibility. 展开更多
关键词 code division multiple access (CDMA) watermarking convolutional coding
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Joint power control based on service factor for code division multiple access system 认领 引用
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作者 陈波 戎蒙恬 胡威 《Journal of Shanghai University(English Edition)》 2008年第5期414-418,共5页
An important feature of the traffic in mobile networks is burstiness. Drawbacks of conventional power control algorithms for time division duplex (TDD)-code division multiple access (CDMA) systems are analyzed. A ... An important feature of the traffic in mobile networks is burstiness. Drawbacks of conventional power control algorithms for time division duplex (TDD)-code division multiple access (CDMA) systems are analyzed. A joint power control algorithm based on service factor is presented to address the TDD-CDMA mobile services in the burst mode according to the Markov modulated Bernoulli process. The joint power control equation is derived. A function model is developed to verify the new algorithm and evaluate its performance. Simulation results show that the new power control algorithm can estimate interference strength more precisely, speed up convergence of power control, and enhance power efficiency and system capacity. It is shown that the proposed algorithm is more robust against link gain changes, and outperforms the reference algorithms. 展开更多
关键词 code division multiple access (CDMA) time division duplex (TDD) power control Markov process service factor
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Reservation-based dynamic admission control scheme for wideband code division multiple access systems 认领 引用
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作者 A.Y.Al-nahari S.A.El-Dolil +1 位作者 M.I.Dessouky F.E.Abd El-Samie 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2012年第2期393-401,共9页
Call admission control (CAC) and resource reservation (RR) for mobile communication are two important factors that guarantee system efficiency and quality of service (QoS) required for different services in a very sca... Call admission control (CAC) and resource reservation (RR) for mobile communication are two important factors that guarantee system efficiency and quality of service (QoS) required for different services in a very scarce resource as the radio spectrum. A new scheme was proposed which extends the concepts of resource sharing and reservations for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) systems with a unique feature of soft capacity. Voice and data traffic were considered. The traffic is further classified into handoff and new requests. The reservation thresholds were dynamically adjusted according to the traffic pattern and mobility prediction in order to achieve the maximum channel utilization, while guaranteeing different QoS constraints. The performance of proposed scheme was evaluated using Markov models. New call blocking probability, handoff call dropping probability, and channel utilization were used as benchmarks for the proposed scheme. 展开更多
关键词 admission control resource reservation wideband code division multiple access resource utilization
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Performance analysis of quantum access network using code division multiple access model 认领 引用
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作者 胡林曦 杨灿 何广强 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第6期37-41,共5页
A quantum access network has been implemented by frequency division multiple access and time division multiple access, while code division multiple access is limited for its difficulty to realize the orthogonality of ... A quantum access network has been implemented by frequency division multiple access and time division multiple access, while code division multiple access is limited for its difficulty to realize the orthogonality of the code. Recently,the chaotic phase shifters were proposed to guarantee the orthogonality by different chaotic signals and spread the spectral content of the quantum states. In this letter, we propose to implement the code division multiple access quantum network by using chaotic phase shifters and synchronization. Due to the orthogonality of the different chaotic phase shifter, every pair of users can faithfully transmit quantum information through a common channel and have little crosstalk between different users. Meanwhile, the broadband spectra of chaotic signals efficiently help the quantum states to defend against channel loss and noise. 展开更多
关键词 quantum access network chaotic phase shifter code division multiple access
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Analysis and Simulation for Capacity of Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access System 认领 引用 被引量:1
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作者 Sun Chengjun, Zhang Zhongzhao, Ba Yong2 & Cao Pengzhi (Communication Research ("enter, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China Research and Development Division, Shanghai Bell Company Limited, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China) 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 2002年第4期91-97,共7页
Capcity both in uplink and downlink of TD-SCDMA (time division-synchronous code division multiple access) system is studied in a multi-cell environment. The theoretical expressions of the mean of intercell interferenc... Capcity both in uplink and downlink of TD-SCDMA (time division-synchronous code division multiple access) system is studied in a multi-cell environment. The theoretical expressions of the mean of intercell interference in uplink and the mean of sum of power allocation in downlink are given, by which uplink and downlink capacity is analyzed. Furthermore, we give the simulation models for both uplink and downlink capacity. The results from theoretical analysis and simulation fit very well. In the end, the maximum number of users that TD-SCDMA system can serve for 12.2 k speech service is given. 展开更多
关键词 Code division multiple access Probability Resource allocation Simulation Time division multiple access
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A Low Complexity VCS Method for PAPR Reduction in Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access 认领 引用
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作者 Si-Si Liu Yue Xiao Qing-Song Wen Shao-Qian Li 《Journal of Electronic Science and Technology of China》 2007年第2期102-106,共5页
This paper investigates a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction method in multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) system. Variable code sets (VCS), a spreading codes selection scheme, can imp... This paper investigates a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction method in multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) system. Variable code sets (VCS), a spreading codes selection scheme, can improve the PAPR property of the MC-CDMA signals, but this technique requires an exhaustive search over the combinations of spreading code sets. It is observed that when the number of active users increases, the search complexity will increase exponentially. Based on this fact, we propose a low complexity VCS (LC-VCS) method to reduce the computational complexity. The basic idea of LC-VCS is to derive new signals using the relationship between candidature signals. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can reduce PAPR with lower comtational pucomplexity. In addition, it can be blindly received without any side information. 展开更多
关键词 Low complexity variable code sets,multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA),peak to average power ratio variable code sets.
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A Novel Optical Code Division Multiple Access Ring Network System for LAN 认领 引用 被引量:1
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作者 WANGYu-Bao GAOYi-Ran MAWen-hua WUJian LINJin-Tong 《The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications》 2004年第3期5-9,共5页
In this paper the impact factors on the optical fiber LAN network with ring topology are considered. The couple ratio, the self-ring effect, the Multiple-Access Interference (MAI), and the channel noises are the main ... In this paper the impact factors on the optical fiber LAN network with ring topology are considered. The couple ratio, the self-ring effect, the Multiple-Access Interference (MAI), and the channel noises are the main factors degrading the system performance. We develop a systematic method that employs the smallest p multiplication method to analyze the optimization of the ring network. The results show that choosing an optimal couple ratio and power control will enhance the system performance dramatically. In addition, the “self-ring” interference and MAI can be suppressed by power control to some extent. 展开更多
关键词 ring network optimization power control optical code division multiple access
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A New Performance Analysis Method of Optical Code Division Multiple Access Systems with An Optical Hard-Limiter 认领 引用
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作者 LI Xiao bin, ZHAO Xiao hui, GU Hai jun 《The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications》 2001年第4期18-21,共4页
A new performance analysis method of Optical Code Division Multiple Access ( OCDMA ) systems with an optical hard limiter is studied. The bit error probability of the OCDMA system is derived, and the numerical results... A new performance analysis method of Optical Code Division Multiple Access ( OCDMA ) systems with an optical hard limiter is studied. The bit error probability of the OCDMA system is derived, and the numerical results of the system with and without an ideal optical hard limiter are analyzed respectively. The results show that although the derived expression is different from the one derived by J A Salehi , the numerical results are the same as those analyzed by J A Salehi, and the numerical result can be easily achieved in this expression. 展开更多
关键词 optical fiber communication code division multiple access optical orthogonal codes optical hard limiter
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107 MHz point acquisition ultrafast 3D imaging via optical code-division multiple access 认领 引用
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作者 PENG TIAN SHUJIAN GONG +8 位作者 XIAOYIN LI YINGHUI GUO MINGBO PU QI ZHANG HEPING LIU MINGFENG XU FEI ZHANG JIANPING SHI XIANGANG LUO 《Photonics Research》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2026年第4期1359-1372,共14页
High-speed 3D perception in dynamic environments requires LiDAR systems with extremely high point acquisition rates(PARs).Existing methods for increasing PARs often involve complex hardware setups yet remain limited i... High-speed 3D perception in dynamic environments requires LiDAR systems with extremely high point acquisition rates(PARs).Existing methods for increasing PARs often involve complex hardware setups yet remain limited in speed,failing to meet the demands of high-dynamic-range sensing.We propose an all-optical encoded ultrafast LiDAR based on optical code-division multiple access(OCDMA).By decomposing a broadband source into 40 spectral channels via wavelength-division multiplexing(WDM)and applying six-pulse sequence encoding through fiber-delay-line-based all-optical encoding,we achieve simultaneous emission and independent decoding of all channels.Leveraging exceptional code orthogonality and the inherently narrow pulse width of all-optical encoding,a PAR of 107.6 MHz—one that surpasses all existing counterparts within the same architectural category by an order of magnitude—and a ranging accuracy of~3 mm are demonstrated.We further showcase highfidelity 3D reconstruction of static targets and dynamic imaging of a chopper,achieving a high frame rate of 10.8 kHz(83×120 points)by inter-axis rate matching of spectral-acousto-optic scanning.The system architecture offers high integration compatibility and provides a feasible technological pathway for next-generation highspeed autonomous driving and industrial vision systems. 展开更多
关键词 Dynamic Environments Point Acquisition Rate High Speed D Perception Fiber Delay Line Based Encoding Ultrafast Lidar complex hardware setups Optical Code Division Multiple Access Wavelength Division Multiplexing
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Hybrid Deep Learning-Based Adaptive Multiple Access Schemes Underwater Wireless Networks 认领 引用
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作者 D.Anitha R.A.Karthika 《Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing》 SCIE 2023年第2期2463-2477,共15页
Achieving sound communication systems in Under Water Acoustic(UWA)environment remains challenging for researchers.The communication scheme is complex since these acoustic channels exhibit uneven characteristics such a... Achieving sound communication systems in Under Water Acoustic(UWA)environment remains challenging for researchers.The communication scheme is complex since these acoustic channels exhibit uneven characteristics such as long propagation delay and irregular Doppler shifts.The development of machine and deep learning algorithms has reduced the burden of achieving reli-able and good communication schemes in the underwater acoustic environment.This paper proposes a novel intelligent selection method between the different modulation schemes such as Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA),Time Divi-sion Multiple Access(TDMA),and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM)techniques using the hybrid combination of the convolutional neural net-works(CNN)and ensemble single feedforward layers(SFL).The convolutional neural networks are used for channel feature extraction,and boosted ensembled feedforward layers are used for modulation selection based on the CNN outputs.The extensive experimentation is carried out and compared with other hybrid learning models and conventional methods.Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed hybrid learning model has achieved nearly 98%accuracy and a 30%increase in BER performance which outperformed the other learning models in achieving the communication schemes under dynamic underwater environments. 展开更多
关键词 Code division multiple access time division multiple access convolutional neural networks feedforward layers
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IMPROVING THE CAPACITY OF MULTI-CODE MULTIMEDIA CDMA SYSTEM 认领 引用 被引量:1
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作者 Pan Su Liu Shengmei 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2007年第4期557-559,共3页
A novel method for improving the capacity of multi-code multimedia Code Division Mul- tiple Access (CDMA) systems is proposed. By factitiously improving the transmission bit rate of the call, the number of the orthogo... A novel method for improving the capacity of multi-code multimedia Code Division Mul- tiple Access (CDMA) systems is proposed. By factitiously improving the transmission bit rate of the call, the number of the orthogonal codes used by a user is increased which leads to the decreasing of the interference. Simulation results shows that the proposed scheme results in better throughput than traditional multi-code CDMA systems. 展开更多
关键词 Capacity Multimedia Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF OCDMA SYSTEM BASED ON FBGs ENCODER/DECODER 认领 引用
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作者 Li Chuanqi Sun Xiaohan Je-Myung Jeong 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2005年第6期663-670,共8页
The encoding/decoding scheme based on Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) for Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) system is analyzed and the whole process from transmitting end to receiving end is researched in detail... The encoding/decoding scheme based on Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) for Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) system is analyzed and the whole process from transmitting end to receiving end is researched in detail. The mathematical mode including signal transmission, summing, receiving and recovering are established respectively. One of the main sources of Bit Error Rate (BER) of OCDMA system based on FBGs is the unevenness of signal power spectrum, which leads to the chip powers unequal with each other. The Signal to Interfere Ratio (SIR) and BER performance of the system are studied and simulated at the case with uneven distribution of chips' powers. 展开更多
关键词 Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Optical encoder/decoder
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Blind Decorrelating Detection Based on Particle Swarm Optimization under Spreading Code Mismatch 认领 引用
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作者 Jhih-Chung Chang Chih-Chang Shen 《Journal of Electronic Science and Technology》 CAS 2014年第3期288-292,共5页
A way of resolving spreading code mismatches in blind multiuser detection with a particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach is proposed. It has been shown that the PSO algorithm incorporating the linear system of th... A way of resolving spreading code mismatches in blind multiuser detection with a particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach is proposed. It has been shown that the PSO algorithm incorporating the linear system of the decorrelating detector, which is termed as decorrelating PSO (DPSO), can significantly improve the bit error rate (BER) and the system capacity. As the code mismatch occurs, the output BER performance is vulnerable to degradation for DPSO. With a blind decorrelating scheme, the proposed blind DPSO (BDPSO) offers more robust capabilities over existing DPSO under code mismatch scenarios. 展开更多
关键词 Code division multiple access code mismatch decorrelating detector multiuser detection particle swarm optimization
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Evolution of Satellite Communication Systems Toward 5G/6G for 2030 and Beyond 认领 引用
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作者 Afang Yuan Zhihua Yang Zhili Sun 《Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2025年第11期35-41,共7页
1.Introduction From the first-generation(1G)through the second-generation(2G)Global System for Mobile Communications(GSM),the third-generation(3G)wideband code division multiple access(WCDMA)to the fourth-generation(4... 1.Introduction From the first-generation(1G)through the second-generation(2G)Global System for Mobile Communications(GSM),the third-generation(3G)wideband code division multiple access(WCDMA)to the fourth-generation(4G)long-term evolution(LTE)wireless networks,terrestrial networks(TNs)have demonstrated significant success in increasing communication speeds and improving quality of service(QoS)for users. 展开更多
关键词 communication speeds G satellite communication evolution code division multiple access wcdma system mobile communications gsm networksterrestrial networks tns quality service
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Adaptive Digital Predistortion Schemes to Linearize RF Power Amplifiers with Memory Effects 认领 引用 被引量:2
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作者 张鹏 吴嗣亮 张钦 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 2008年第2期217-221,共5页
To compensate for nonlinear distortion introduced by RF power amplifiers (PAs) with memory effects, two correlated models, namely an extended memory polynomial (EMP) model and a memory lookup table (LUT) model, ... To compensate for nonlinear distortion introduced by RF power amplifiers (PAs) with memory effects, two correlated models, namely an extended memory polynomial (EMP) model and a memory lookup table (LUT) model, are proposed for predistorter design. Two adaptive digital predistortion (ADPD) schemes with indirect learning architecture are presented. One adopts the EMP model and the recursive least square (RLS) algorithm, and the other utilizes the memory LUT model and the least mean square (LMS) algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the EMP-based ADPD yields the best linearization performance in terms of suppressing spectral regrowth. It is also shown that the ADPD based on memory LUT makes optimum tradeoff between performance and computational complexity. 展开更多
关键词 adaptive digital predistortion power amplifiers memory polynomial lookup table wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA)
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A flexible receiver with fiber optical parametric amplifier in OCDMA-FSO communication system 认领 引用 被引量:1
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作者 夏民 苑金辉 +3 位作者 桑新柱 尹霄丽 饶岚 余重秀 《Optoelectronics Letters》 EI 2014年第6期406-410,共5页
A new receiver is proposed, which uses the fiber optical parametric amplifier(FOPA) in optical code division multiple access(OCDMA) over free space optic(FSO) communication system. The noise tolerance as the performan... A new receiver is proposed, which uses the fiber optical parametric amplifier(FOPA) in optical code division multiple access(OCDMA) over free space optic(FSO) communication system. The noise tolerance as the performance index in this receiver is derived. The receiver can not only improve the noise tolerance but also change the pump data conveniently for adapting to the length variation of the coding sequence under a complex and fast-changing weather condition. The influence of different factors on the noise tolerance is analyzed, and a significant improvement of about 18.77 d B for the noise tolerance can be achieved when the pump power and the length of coding sequence are 5 W and 256, respectively. 展开更多
关键词 Code division multiple access Codes (symbols) Fiber amplifiers Optical fiber communication
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Performance analysis of chip-asynchronous coherent time-spreading optical CDMA system 认领 引用 被引量:1
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作者 吉建华 吴青 +1 位作者 龚方平 徐铭 《Optoelectronics Letters》 EI 2009年第1期30-33,共4页
Multiple-access interference(MAI) and beat noise(BN) in chip-asynchronous coherent time-spreading OCDMA system are evaluated by the aperiodic cross-correlation function of up-sampled sequence.Relationship between the ... Multiple-access interference(MAI) and beat noise(BN) in chip-asynchronous coherent time-spreading OCDMA system are evaluated by the aperiodic cross-correlation function of up-sampled sequence.Relationship between the mean intensity of aperiodic cross-correlation and MAI and BN is deduced,and then the relationship between BER and mean intensity of aperiodic cross-correlation is discussed.For 127-long gold sequence,mean BER performance of chip-asynchronous coherent time-spreading OCDMA is derived and compared... 展开更多
关键词 Code division multiple access Multiple access interference Radio interference
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A NOVEL CAPACITY ANALYZING METHOD FOR MULTIMEDIA CDMA SYSTEMS BASED ON POWER LEVEL ALLOCATION 认领 引用 被引量:5
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作者 Pan Su Tung Sang Ng Feng Guangzeng 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2006年第6期842-847,共6页
A novel method is proposed to analyze the capacity of future Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems carrying multimedia services. The power level allocation is firstly investigated to meet each call's Bit Err... A novel method is proposed to analyze the capacity of future Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems carrying multimedia services. The power level allocation is firstly investigated to meet each call's Bit Error Rate (BER) requirement, then the system capacity is defined from the conditions lbr the existence of the physical meaning of these power levels. Simulation results have shown that the capacity analyzing methods can be well used in the performance evaluation of the system accommodating heterogeneous services and the spectral efficiency of this scheme is higher than the existing ones. 展开更多
关键词 Capacity Multimedia Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
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UPLINK PERFORMANCE OF CWP-MC-CDMA WITH SPACE DIVERSITY COMBINING TECHNIQUE OVER RAYLEIGH FADING CHANNEL 认领 引用 被引量:1
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作者 Yu Xiangbin Zhang Xiaodong +1 位作者 Xu Dazhuan Bi Guangguo 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2006年第6期837-841,共5页
In this paper, a Complex Wavelet Packet (CWP-MC-CDMA) system uplink model is proposed, based Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access based on the analysis of the principle of MC-CDMA and the use of the optimized... In this paper, a Complex Wavelet Packet (CWP-MC-CDMA) system uplink model is proposed, based Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access based on the analysis of the principle of MC-CDMA and the use of the optimized complex wavelet packet. Considering that the base station can adopt multiple re- ceiver antennas in the uplink, we employ the Space Diversity Combining (SDC) technique to improve the sys- tem pertbrmance via multiple antennas. The uplink performance of proposed CWP-MC-CDMA system with SDC technique is investigated over Rayleigh lading channel, and corresponding bit error rate analysis is given in detail. The system can avoid the decrease of spectrum efficiency of conventional MC-CDMA due to inserting cyclic prefix. Theoretical analysis and simulation result show that the application of SDC technique can improve the CWP-MC-CDMA system ability to combat spatial lading and various interferences effectively. Moreover, the proposed system based on SDC technique has superior Bit Error Rate (BER) performance over the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and SDC based MC-CDMA system and the real wavelet packet and SDC based MC-CDMA system. 展开更多
关键词 Multi-Carrier (MC) technique Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Complex WaveletPacket (CWP) Space Diversity Combining (SDC) Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC)
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Adaptive resource allocation in downlink multi-user MC-CDMA systems 认领 引用
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作者 王俊波 陈明 王江舟 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2008年第4期402-406,共5页
The joint channel and power allocation in the downlink transmission of multi-user multi-carrier code division multiple access(MC-CDMA) systems are investigated and the throughput maximization problem is considered a... The joint channel and power allocation in the downlink transmission of multi-user multi-carrier code division multiple access(MC-CDMA) systems are investigated and the throughput maximization problem is considered as a mixed integer optimization problem. For simplicity of analysis, the problem is divided into two less complex sub-problems: power allocation and channel allocation, which can be solved by a suboptimal adaptive power allocation (APA)algorithm and an optimal adaptive channel allocation (ACA) algorithm, respectively. By combining APA and ACA algorithms, an adaptive channel and power allocation scheme is proposed. The numerical results show that the proposed APA algorithm is more suitable for MC-CDMA systems than the conventional equal power allocation algorithm, and that the proposed channel and power allocation scheme can significantly improve the system throughout performance. 展开更多
关键词 code division multiple access (CDMA) multi-carriertransmission multi-user channel allocation power allocation
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