This article studies the cooperation of rivals.Model for oligopoly industries with spillovers is built.By setting spillovers and market scale at a moderate level,we get the different scales of research joint venture u...This article studies the cooperation of rivals.Model for oligopoly industries with spillovers is built.By setting spillovers and market scale at a moderate level,we get the different scales of research joint venture under different innovation difficulty and R&D resources complementarities.With the simulation results we can conclude that,high innovation difficulty is beneficial to conform to research joint venture(RYV);and high R&D resources complementarities bring relatively high marginal cooperation dynamics,therefore are easy to form RJV,and can reduce the equilibrium scale of RJV.展开更多
Understanding the degree to which the species diversity-productivity relationship(SDPR)is applicable to natural ecosystems-beyond modeling and experimental contexts-is of vital importance for comprehending the conse-q...Understanding the degree to which the species diversity-productivity relationship(SDPR)is applicable to natural ecosystems-beyond modeling and experimental contexts-is of vital importance for comprehending the conse-quences of global biodiversity loss on terrestrial ecosystems.Two essential features of natural forests that have not received adequate attention in the SDPR are seasonality and species evenness.Here,we monitor the intra-and inter-annual growths of 6,515 trees in a subtropical seasonal(temperature-and rainfall-seasonal)forest over a six-year period.We investigate whether evenness affects forest productivity independently or interacting with richness and how the underlying mechanisms shift with seasonality and soil properties,employing structural equation modeling.Our findings reveal a consistent decline in species diversity,functional diversity and forest productivity from the wet-warm season to the dry-cold season,with community traits shifting from acquisition to conservative strategies.Species richness increases but evenness decreases forest productivity-uneven commu-nities are more productive,and the attenuation effect of evenness on productivity varies slightly across different seasons.Species richness and evenness jointly affect productivity through community-weighted means(CWM)of functional traits in the wet-warm season and through both functional diversity and CWM of functional traits in the dry-cold season,indicating that the mass ratio effect is predominant during the wet-warm season,whereas both niche complementarity and mass ratio effects jointly drive productivity in the dry-cold season.Soil water availability directly affects forest productivity in the wet-warm season and indirectly through CWM of functional traits in the dry-cold season.Our study,the first to elucidate the seasonal dynamics of the SDPR in subtropical forests.Our results highlight species evenness as a key component of species diversity regulating seasonal pro-ductivity dynamics in heterogeneous,species-rich natural forests.To enhance forest resilience under climate change(e.g.,drought),management should prioritize maintaining moderate evenness,while strategically planting drought-tolerant species and acquisitive species of subtropical forest ecosystems.展开更多
Dryland biodiversity–productivity relationships remain poorly resolved.Specifically,the environmental conditions governing the shift between complementarity and mass ratio mechanisms remain unclear,limiting the effec...Dryland biodiversity–productivity relationships remain poorly resolved.Specifically,the environmental conditions governing the shift between complementarity and mass ratio mechanisms remain unclear,limiting the effectiveness of restoration and management strategies.To address this gap,the aim of this study was to investigate the geographical patterns of diversity and biomass production in herbaceous communities along a 2100-km precipitation gradient in North China.We studied howα-andβ-diversity affect community-wide productivity using linear mixed-effects models and piecewise structural equation models,along with rolling-window change-point analyses.In arid regions,biomass productivity was primarily driven by interspecificniche complementarity,where higher functional diversity(FD(α))enhanced resource-use efficiency.However,in semi-arid regions,productivity was regulated by the mass ratio effect,specificallythrough the traits of dominant species,including community weighted mean height and specificleaf area,as these species exploited broader resource spectra with increasing water availability.A critical mechanistic shift occurred at a mean annual precipitation(MAP)threshold of~168 mm(95%CI:152–171 mm;p<0.001).Below this threshold,productivity was driven by diversity-mediated complementarity and stress tolerant strategies.Conversely,as MAP surpassed 168 mm,the system transitioned to mass ratio control,coincident with a shift toward competitive strategies.Overall,our study provides empirical evidence to guide dryland management:prioritising the maintenance of functional diversity in arid communities,while emphasising dominant-trait optimisation(plant height and specificleaf area)in semi-arid communities to maximise aboveground biomass.展开更多
Cooperation among multiple stakeholders in the complementary integration of renewable energy sources(hydro,wind,and solar power)can enhance the incremental benefits of each participant as well as the overall efficienc...Cooperation among multiple stakeholders in the complementary integration of renewable energy sources(hydro,wind,and solar power)can enhance the incremental benefits of each participant as well as the overall efficiency of the cooperative alliance.The interest coordination mechanism stands as a pivotal element in the development of such multi-energy complementary systems.This study adopts a three-tier hierarchical model comprising a primary layer,secondary layer,and tertiary layer.The primary layer is an efficiency-oriented cooperative game model based on collective rationality,which determines the installed capacities of hydro,wind,and solar power within the alliance by requiring that the incremental financial internal rate of return(FIRR)exceed the benchmark FIRR for joining the hydro-wind-solar integrated alliance.The secondary layer is a participation-oriented non-cooperative game model rooted in individual rationality.Building on the installed capacities defined by the primary layer,it calculates the FIRR for each energy type when developed independently and compares it with the incremental FIRR of alliance participation to assess the willingness of stakeholders to join the alliance.The tertiary layer is an equity-oriented bargaining game model.Leveraging the incremental FIRR from the primary layer and the individually rational FIRR from the secondary layer,it ascertains the equitable FIRR for each stakeholder through bargaining based on the principle of fairness.A case study of a specific renewable energy multi-energy complementary system validates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed mechanism.展开更多
In the complex architecture of global value-chain(GVC)trade,firms’technological content increasingly reflects external knowledge flows.This study examines how inter-regional technological complementarity shapes firms...In the complex architecture of global value-chain(GVC)trade,firms’technological content increasingly reflects external knowledge flows.This study examines how inter-regional technological complementarity shapes firms’GVC advancement,measured by the domestic value-added rate(DVAR)in exports.Using integrated Chinese microdata(2000-2014),we find this complementarity significantly boosts export DVAR,explaining about one-quarter of its observed growth.Two mechanisms drive this effect:increased use of domestic intermediates and gains in firm productivity.The benefits are especially large for firms with lower human capital and for those in accessible,innovation-peripheral regions,helping narrow productivity gaps across firms and space.Affected firms also exhibit broader export scopes,higher product quality,more diversified destinations,and greater markups-firm-level evidence of GVC upgrading.These findings highlight how external technological linkages drive upgrading and underscore the importance of fostering inter-regional synergies for balanced development.展开更多
In this paper, we present a new bound of the infinity norm of inverse of GS-SDD matrices. Meanwhile, a new error bound for the linear complementarity problem(LCP) of GS-SDD matrices is given, which depends only on the...In this paper, we present a new bound of the infinity norm of inverse of GS-SDD matrices. Meanwhile, a new error bound for the linear complementarity problem(LCP) of GS-SDD matrices is given, which depends only on the entries of the involved matrices. In addition, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the corresponding results.展开更多
Object detection under high-speed motion remains challenging due to severe motion blur,which degrades spatial appearance and limits the effectiveness of single-frame detectors.While temporal modeling is widely explore...Object detection under high-speed motion remains challenging due to severe motion blur,which degrades spatial appearance and limits the effectiveness of single-frame detectors.While temporal modeling is widely explored to enhance performance,its specific behavior under extreme motion blur is not yet fully characterized.In this work,we conducted an experimental study comparing a single-frame YOLOv8n detector and a temporal-enhanced variant that incorporates multi-frame inputs and frame-difference cues within the backbone.Results on a highly blurred table tennis dataset show that although the temporal-enhanced model and single-frame baseline achieve similar average precision(AP~0.52),they exhibit markedly different failure modes.Quantitative analysis reveals a Jaccard index of only 0.43,demonstrating a pronounced complementarity between the detection outcomes of the two models.By exploiting this behavioral divergence through a simple ensemble strategy,we achieve a substantial aggregate performance gain,increasing AP50 from 0.52 to 0.73.These findings suggest that under extreme blur,temporal modeling can induce complementary detection behavior beyond improving individual detector accuracy,offering an alternative perspective for designing robust detection systems in highly degraded visual environments.展开更多
Based on 2018–2023 data,this study employs the Export Similarity Index(ESI)and the Commodity Supply-Demand Matching Coefficient(CMCI)to perform a multidimensional assessment of agricultural trade complementarity betw...Based on 2018–2023 data,this study employs the Export Similarity Index(ESI)and the Commodity Supply-Demand Matching Coefficient(CMCI)to perform a multidimensional assessment of agricultural trade complementarity between China and the five Central Asian countries.Findings show that the two sides’export structures are significantly dissimilar,resulting in strong overall complementarity.Central Asia possesses a clear advantage in land-intensive specialty products(e.g.,flaxseed,raisins),in contrast to China’s advantage in processed agricultural goods(e.g.,vegetable products,aquatic products),establishing a“resource-processing”dual-track complementary relationship.Analysis at the country level reveals a gradient distribution in the degree of complementarity.The evaluation further identifies high trade potential across scale,structure,policy,and infrastructure dimensions,with specific high-growth sectors including natural honey and frozen fish.The paper thus supplies empirical evidence and policy recommendations for optimizing agricultural cooperation.展开更多
Decarbonizing offshore oil and gas platforms has become a critical challenge in the energy transition.In this article,we propose the following two models for decarbonizing offshore oil and gas platforms to facilitate ...Decarbonizing offshore oil and gas platforms has become a critical challenge in the energy transition.In this article,we propose the following two models for decarbonizing offshore oil and gas platforms to facilitate highly challenging energy transitions:(1)repurposing decommissioned platforms as offshore wind-hydrogen hubs and(2)integrating offshore wind power and hydrogen production systems into operational platforms.This study is conducted to systematically assess the feasibility of the proposed models and further examine their technological challenges,systemic risks,and possible mitigation pathways.The results showed that wind turbines,reverse osmosis desalination,and alkaline water electrolysis have high levels of maturity,whereas subsea hydrogen pipelines and liquid/compressed hydrogen carriers remain comparatively immature.Both models can significantly lower costs,strengthen energy resilience,and reduce emissions.However,large-scale deployment is generally constrained by high capital costs,integration complexity,and fragmented regulatory frameworks.The findings highlight that reusing offshore infrastructure to integrate offshore wind power and hydrogen production systems offers cost and environmental advantages over conventional decommissioning,while integrated supply systems can ensure long-term stability through multi-energy complementarity.The study provides strategic insights for advancing low-carbon transformation and guiding the sustainable and resilient development of offshore energy systems.展开更多
This paper systematically reviews the institutional evolution of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area(CAFTA),from its inception in 2002 and full establishment in 2010,through the CAFTA 2.0 upgrade in 2015,to the substantiv...This paper systematically reviews the institutional evolution of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area(CAFTA),from its inception in 2002 and full establishment in 2010,through the CAFTA 2.0 upgrade in 2015,to the substantive conclusion of CAFTA 3.0 negotiations in 2024.It highlights the key institutional innovations along this trajectory and examines the structural complementarities between China and ASEAN in terms of clean energy resources and industrial capabilities.Based on this foundation,the paper develops a“policy-technology-capital”analytical framework to explain the transition of regional clean energy cooperation from initial resource-industry complementarity toward deeper institution-market integration.Guided by this framework,the study proposes a roadmap and concrete policy recommendations for regional cooperation through 2030.These include:aligning regional emissions targets and renewable energy share goals;establishing a mutual recognition system for green standards;building a digitalized green supply chain and carbon traceability platform;designing cross-border green finance corridors;and constructing integrated electricity-hydrogen-storage corridors in synergy with the Belt and Road Initiative.The study concludes that,if effectively implemented,these measures could raise the regional share of renewable electricity generation to over 30%by 2030.China and ASEAN would then be well positioned to lead in forming a low-carbon,interconnected,and shared regional energy community,offering a replicable and scalable model for low-carbon transition across the Global South.展开更多
A family of neural networks is proposed to solve linear complementarity problems(LCP).The neural networks are constructed from the novel equivalent model of LCP,which is reformulated by utilizing the modulus and smoot...A family of neural networks is proposed to solve linear complementarity problems(LCP).The neural networks are constructed from the novel equivalent model of LCP,which is reformulated by utilizing the modulus and smoothing technologies.Some important properties of the proposed novel equivalent model are summarized.In addition,the stability properties of the proposed steepest descent-based neural networks for LCP are analyzed.In order to illustrate the theoretical results,we provide some numerical simulations and compare the proposed neural networks with existing neural networks based on the NCP-functions.Numerical results indicate that the performance of the proposed neural networks is effective and robust.展开更多
Images with complementary spectral information can be recorded using image sensors that can identify visible and near-infrared spectrum.The fusion of visible and nearinfrared(NIR)aims to enhance the quality of images ...Images with complementary spectral information can be recorded using image sensors that can identify visible and near-infrared spectrum.The fusion of visible and nearinfrared(NIR)aims to enhance the quality of images acquired by video monitoring systems for the ease of user observation and data processing.Unfortunately,current fusion algorithms produce artefacts and colour distortion since they cannot make use of spectrum properties and are lacking in information complementarity.Therefore,an information complementarity fusion(ICF)model is designed based on physical signals.In order to separate high-frequency noise from important information in distinct frequency layers,the authors first extracted texture-scale and edge-scale layers using a two-scale filter.Second,the difference map between visible and near-infrared was filtered using the extended-DoG filter to produce the initial visible-NIR complementary weight map.Then,to generate a guide map,the near-infrared image with night adjustment was processed as well.The final complementarity weight map was subsequently derived via an arctanI function mapping using the guide map and the initial weight maps.Finally,fusion images were generated with the complementarity weight maps.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art in both avoiding artificial colours as well as effectively utilising information complementarity.展开更多
This paper presents a new capacity planning method that utilizes the complementary characteristics of wind and solar power output.It addresses the limitations of relying on a single metric for a comprehensive assessme...This paper presents a new capacity planning method that utilizes the complementary characteristics of wind and solar power output.It addresses the limitations of relying on a single metric for a comprehensive assessment of complementarity.To enable more accurate predictions of the optimal wind-solar ratio,a comprehensive complementarity rate is proposed,which allows for the optimization of wind-solar capacity based on this measure.Initially,the Clayton Copula function is employed to create a joint probability distribution model for wind and solar power,enabling the calculation of the comprehensive complementarity rate.Following this,a joint planning model is developed to enhance the system’s economy and reliability.The goal is to minimize total costs,load deficit rates,and curtailment rates by applying an ImprovedMulti-Objective Particle SwarmOptimization algorithm(IMOPSO).Results show that when the proportion of wind power reaches 70%,the comprehensive complementarity rate is optimized.This optimization leads to a 14.83%reduction in total costs and a 9.27%decrease in curtailment rates.Compared to existing studies,this paper offers a multidimensional analysis of the relationship between the comprehensive complementarity rate and the optimal wind-solar ratio,thereby improving predictive accuracy and providing a valuable reference for research on the correlation between wind and solar power.展开更多
In this paper,we propose a new full-Newton step feasible interior-point algorithm for the special weighted linear complementarity problems.The proposed algorithm employs the technique of algebraic equivalent transform...In this paper,we propose a new full-Newton step feasible interior-point algorithm for the special weighted linear complementarity problems.The proposed algorithm employs the technique of algebraic equivalent transformation to derive the search direction.It is shown that the proximity measure reduces quadratically at each iteration.Moreover,the iteration bound of the algorithm is as good as the best-known polynomial complexity for these types of problems.Furthermore,numerical results are presented to show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
In this paper,a fu-Newton step interior-point algorithm is proposed for solving P*(k)-linear complementarity problem based on a new search direction,which is an extension of Grimes'algorithm.It is proved that t...In this paper,a fu-Newton step interior-point algorithm is proposed for solving P*(k)-linear complementarity problem based on a new search direction,which is an extension of Grimes'algorithm.It is proved that the number of iterations of the algorithm is O(n1/2(1+4κ)logn/ε),which matches the best known iteration bound of the interior-point method for P*(k)-linear complementarity problem.Some numerical results have proved the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
In traditional urban geography, city contact research is a classic study element in city research. In general, researchers use the traditional gravity model to characterize the contacts that exist between two cities. ...In traditional urban geography, city contact research is a classic study element in city research. In general, researchers use the traditional gravity model to characterize the contacts that exist between two cities. The traditional gravity model assumes ideal conditions, but these preconditions and their results often do not exist in realistic conditions. Thus, we used a modified gravity model to characterize the city contacts within a specific region. This model considers factors such as intercity complementarities, government intervention, and the diversity of the transportation infrastructure which is characterized as the transportation distance instead of the traditional Euclidean distance. We applied this model to an empirical study of city contact in the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta(PRD) of China. The regression results indicated that the modified gravity model could measure city contact more accurately and comprehensively than the traditional gravity model, i.e., it yielded a higher adjusted R2 value(0.379) than the traditional gravity model result(0.259). Our study also suggests that, in addition to urban-regional and metropolitan development, the complementarities of the basic functions of cities at the administrative and market levels, as well as the corporeal and immaterial levels, play very significant roles in the characterization of city contact. Given the complexity of city contact, it will be necessary to consider more relevant influential factors in the modified gravity model to characterize the features of city contact in the future.展开更多
SDDkmatrices are a subclass of the nonsingular H-matrices.The infinity norm of the inverse for SDDkmatrices has been given.In the paper,we utilize this result in the context of the linear complementarity problem...SDDkmatrices are a subclass of the nonsingular H-matrices.The infinity norm of the inverse for SDDkmatrices has been given.In the paper,we utilize this result in the context of the linear complementarity problem,and the error bounds of the linear complementarity problem for SDDkmatrices are obtained.By the relationship between the SDD matrices and the SDDkmatrices,we further obtain the error bounds of the linear complementarity problem for SDD matrices.In addition,it is proved that the bounds presented in this paper are sharper than the well-known bounds under some conditions.Finally,numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of our results.展开更多
The Asia-Pacific region is the most dynamic part of the global economy.After over 50 years of continuously expanding trade,investment and industrial cooperation,the region has formed a highly-tied multi-level labor di...The Asia-Pacific region is the most dynamic part of the global economy.After over 50 years of continuously expanding trade,investment and industrial cooperation,the region has formed a highly-tied multi-level labor division system covering vertical integration and horizontal complementarity of industrial chains.From the V-shaped development model in the twentieth century to the East Asian production network in the twenty-first century,the intra-industry and intra-product division of labor in the Asia-Pacific region has been ever deepening.However,due to the region’s high dependence on the U.S.market,the division of labor model in the Asia-Pacific suffers structural problems and is relatively fragile.Under the shock of Trump 1.0,countries in the Asia-Pacific region were forced to make adaptive adjustments,causing short-term turmoil in the regional economic order.Trump’s strong return in 2025,driven by the“America First”principle,brought forth a series of policies with strong unilateralism,isolationism and protectionism tendencies within just a few months。展开更多
Shortly after the collapse of the USSR,in The End of History and the Last Man(1992),Francis Fukuyama encircled a spiritual condition pointing“toward establishing capitalist liberal democracies as the end state of the...Shortly after the collapse of the USSR,in The End of History and the Last Man(1992),Francis Fukuyama encircled a spiritual condition pointing“toward establishing capitalist liberal democracies as the end state of the historical process”,while leaving the possibility open for a fall back“into the chaos and bloodshed of history”.In Historien er ikke slut(History has not ended,2000),Thomas Thurah,a Dane,converses with 36 European writers,most of whom implicitly dispute Fukuyama’s notion of an uplifting end of history.Rather,the common denominator for many of these interlocutors is their emphasis on“the contradiction-filled state of mind being an important part of the historical,social and creative processes that form both us and our world”(p.454).Thurah concludes that“the contradictory,the paradoxical,the incommensurable or the unstable truths…are characteristics of this reality,which every work of art seeks to give expression”.I investigate 2/3 of these interviews and lay bare their notions of Europe around 2000 and how the interviewees envision their continent’s legacy as informed by a variety of ruptures,some of which they predict will prevail.Simultaneously,I reflect on the conditions of possibility that underlie the authorial discourses and determine their outcomes.展开更多
The year 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Thailand,as well as the“Golden Jubilee of Sino-Thai Friendship”.Over the past half-century,the scale and scope ...The year 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Thailand,as well as the“Golden Jubilee of Sino-Thai Friendship”.Over the past half-century,the scale and scope of economic and trade cooperation between China and Thailand have dramatically expanded.Both nations have strengthened their bilateral economic ties,which have increasingly strengthened their interdependence and.complementarity,presenting a broad prospect of mutual benefit and win-win cooperation.展开更多
摘要This article studies the cooperation of rivals.Model for oligopoly industries with spillovers is built.By setting spillovers and market scale at a moderate level,we get the different scales of research joint venture under different innovation difficulty and R&D resources complementarities.With the simulation results we can conclude that,high innovation difficulty is beneficial to conform to research joint venture(RYV);and high R&D resources complementarities bring relatively high marginal cooperation dynamics,therefore are easy to form RJV,and can reduce the equilibrium scale of RJV.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32471622 and 32171536).
摘要Understanding the degree to which the species diversity-productivity relationship(SDPR)is applicable to natural ecosystems-beyond modeling and experimental contexts-is of vital importance for comprehending the conse-quences of global biodiversity loss on terrestrial ecosystems.Two essential features of natural forests that have not received adequate attention in the SDPR are seasonality and species evenness.Here,we monitor the intra-and inter-annual growths of 6,515 trees in a subtropical seasonal(temperature-and rainfall-seasonal)forest over a six-year period.We investigate whether evenness affects forest productivity independently or interacting with richness and how the underlying mechanisms shift with seasonality and soil properties,employing structural equation modeling.Our findings reveal a consistent decline in species diversity,functional diversity and forest productivity from the wet-warm season to the dry-cold season,with community traits shifting from acquisition to conservative strategies.Species richness increases but evenness decreases forest productivity-uneven commu-nities are more productive,and the attenuation effect of evenness on productivity varies slightly across different seasons.Species richness and evenness jointly affect productivity through community-weighted means(CWM)of functional traits in the wet-warm season and through both functional diversity and CWM of functional traits in the dry-cold season,indicating that the mass ratio effect is predominant during the wet-warm season,whereas both niche complementarity and mass ratio effects jointly drive productivity in the dry-cold season.Soil water availability directly affects forest productivity in the wet-warm season and indirectly through CWM of functional traits in the dry-cold season.Our study,the first to elucidate the seasonal dynamics of the SDPR in subtropical forests.Our results highlight species evenness as a key component of species diversity regulating seasonal pro-ductivity dynamics in heterogeneous,species-rich natural forests.To enhance forest resilience under climate change(e.g.,drought),management should prioritize maintaining moderate evenness,while strategically planting drought-tolerant species and acquisitive species of subtropical forest ecosystems.
摘要Dryland biodiversity–productivity relationships remain poorly resolved.Specifically,the environmental conditions governing the shift between complementarity and mass ratio mechanisms remain unclear,limiting the effectiveness of restoration and management strategies.To address this gap,the aim of this study was to investigate the geographical patterns of diversity and biomass production in herbaceous communities along a 2100-km precipitation gradient in North China.We studied howα-andβ-diversity affect community-wide productivity using linear mixed-effects models and piecewise structural equation models,along with rolling-window change-point analyses.In arid regions,biomass productivity was primarily driven by interspecificniche complementarity,where higher functional diversity(FD(α))enhanced resource-use efficiency.However,in semi-arid regions,productivity was regulated by the mass ratio effect,specificallythrough the traits of dominant species,including community weighted mean height and specificleaf area,as these species exploited broader resource spectra with increasing water availability.A critical mechanistic shift occurred at a mean annual precipitation(MAP)threshold of~168 mm(95%CI:152–171 mm;p<0.001).Below this threshold,productivity was driven by diversity-mediated complementarity and stress tolerant strategies.Conversely,as MAP surpassed 168 mm,the system transitioned to mass ratio control,coincident with a shift toward competitive strategies.Overall,our study provides empirical evidence to guide dryland management:prioritising the maintenance of functional diversity in arid communities,while emphasising dominant-trait optimisation(plant height and specificleaf area)in semi-arid communities to maximise aboveground biomass.
基金supported by Power Construction Corporation of China Science and Technology Project(DJ-HXGG-2024-03).
摘要Cooperation among multiple stakeholders in the complementary integration of renewable energy sources(hydro,wind,and solar power)can enhance the incremental benefits of each participant as well as the overall efficiency of the cooperative alliance.The interest coordination mechanism stands as a pivotal element in the development of such multi-energy complementary systems.This study adopts a three-tier hierarchical model comprising a primary layer,secondary layer,and tertiary layer.The primary layer is an efficiency-oriented cooperative game model based on collective rationality,which determines the installed capacities of hydro,wind,and solar power within the alliance by requiring that the incremental financial internal rate of return(FIRR)exceed the benchmark FIRR for joining the hydro-wind-solar integrated alliance.The secondary layer is a participation-oriented non-cooperative game model rooted in individual rationality.Building on the installed capacities defined by the primary layer,it calculates the FIRR for each energy type when developed independently and compares it with the incremental FIRR of alliance participation to assess the willingness of stakeholders to join the alliance.The tertiary layer is an equity-oriented bargaining game model.Leveraging the incremental FIRR from the primary layer and the individually rational FIRR from the secondary layer,it ascertains the equitable FIRR for each stakeholder through bargaining based on the principle of fairness.A case study of a specific renewable energy multi-energy complementary system validates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed mechanism.
基金supported by the following grants:National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC)(Major Project)“Research on the Mechanism and Breakthrough Path for Achieving Key Core Technologies through the Coupling of Innovation Chains and Industrial Chains”(Grant No.22&ZD093)Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences,Ministry of Education“Research on Innovation Development Theory Based on Chinese Practice”(Grant No.23CEDRZ03).
摘要In the complex architecture of global value-chain(GVC)trade,firms’technological content increasingly reflects external knowledge flows.This study examines how inter-regional technological complementarity shapes firms’GVC advancement,measured by the domestic value-added rate(DVAR)in exports.Using integrated Chinese microdata(2000-2014),we find this complementarity significantly boosts export DVAR,explaining about one-quarter of its observed growth.Two mechanisms drive this effect:increased use of domestic intermediates and gains in firm productivity.The benefits are especially large for firms with lower human capital and for those in accessible,innovation-peripheral regions,helping narrow productivity gaps across firms and space.Affected firms also exhibit broader export scopes,higher product quality,more diversified destinations,and greater markups-firm-level evidence of GVC upgrading.These findings highlight how external technological linkages drive upgrading and underscore the importance of fostering inter-regional synergies for balanced development.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (Grant No. 2020JM-622)the Postgraduate Innovative Research Project of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences (Grant No.YJSCX25YB39)。
摘要In this paper, we present a new bound of the infinity norm of inverse of GS-SDD matrices. Meanwhile, a new error bound for the linear complementarity problem(LCP) of GS-SDD matrices is given, which depends only on the entries of the involved matrices. In addition, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the corresponding results.
摘要Object detection under high-speed motion remains challenging due to severe motion blur,which degrades spatial appearance and limits the effectiveness of single-frame detectors.While temporal modeling is widely explored to enhance performance,its specific behavior under extreme motion blur is not yet fully characterized.In this work,we conducted an experimental study comparing a single-frame YOLOv8n detector and a temporal-enhanced variant that incorporates multi-frame inputs and frame-difference cues within the backbone.Results on a highly blurred table tennis dataset show that although the temporal-enhanced model and single-frame baseline achieve similar average precision(AP~0.52),they exhibit markedly different failure modes.Quantitative analysis reveals a Jaccard index of only 0.43,demonstrating a pronounced complementarity between the detection outcomes of the two models.By exploiting this behavioral divergence through a simple ensemble strategy,we achieve a substantial aggregate performance gain,increasing AP50 from 0.52 to 0.73.These findings suggest that under extreme blur,temporal modeling can induce complementary detection behavior beyond improving individual detector accuracy,offering an alternative perspective for designing robust detection systems in highly degraded visual environments.
基金Research on the‘Digital-Green‘Dual-Wheel Drive Mechanism and Implementation Pathways for Agricultural Product Trade Between China and Central Asia Under the Guidance of New Quality Productivity(Project No.:njpj2025-2-02)。
摘要Based on 2018–2023 data,this study employs the Export Similarity Index(ESI)and the Commodity Supply-Demand Matching Coefficient(CMCI)to perform a multidimensional assessment of agricultural trade complementarity between China and the five Central Asian countries.Findings show that the two sides’export structures are significantly dissimilar,resulting in strong overall complementarity.Central Asia possesses a clear advantage in land-intensive specialty products(e.g.,flaxseed,raisins),in contrast to China’s advantage in processed agricultural goods(e.g.,vegetable products,aquatic products),establishing a“resource-processing”dual-track complementary relationship.Analysis at the country level reveals a gradient distribution in the degree of complementarity.The evaluation further identifies high trade potential across scale,structure,policy,and infrastructure dimensions,with specific high-growth sectors including natural honey and frozen fish.The paper thus supplies empirical evidence and policy recommendations for optimizing agricultural cooperation.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Engineering,China(Grant No.2024-HZ-31-03).-。
摘要Decarbonizing offshore oil and gas platforms has become a critical challenge in the energy transition.In this article,we propose the following two models for decarbonizing offshore oil and gas platforms to facilitate highly challenging energy transitions:(1)repurposing decommissioned platforms as offshore wind-hydrogen hubs and(2)integrating offshore wind power and hydrogen production systems into operational platforms.This study is conducted to systematically assess the feasibility of the proposed models and further examine their technological challenges,systemic risks,and possible mitigation pathways.The results showed that wind turbines,reverse osmosis desalination,and alkaline water electrolysis have high levels of maturity,whereas subsea hydrogen pipelines and liquid/compressed hydrogen carriers remain comparatively immature.Both models can significantly lower costs,strengthen energy resilience,and reduce emissions.However,large-scale deployment is generally constrained by high capital costs,integration complexity,and fragmented regulatory frameworks.The findings highlight that reusing offshore infrastructure to integrate offshore wind power and hydrogen production systems offers cost and environmental advantages over conventional decommissioning,while integrated supply systems can ensure long-term stability through multi-energy complementarity.The study provides strategic insights for advancing low-carbon transformation and guiding the sustainable and resilient development of offshore energy systems.
摘要This paper systematically reviews the institutional evolution of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area(CAFTA),from its inception in 2002 and full establishment in 2010,through the CAFTA 2.0 upgrade in 2015,to the substantive conclusion of CAFTA 3.0 negotiations in 2024.It highlights the key institutional innovations along this trajectory and examines the structural complementarities between China and ASEAN in terms of clean energy resources and industrial capabilities.Based on this foundation,the paper develops a“policy-technology-capital”analytical framework to explain the transition of regional clean energy cooperation from initial resource-industry complementarity toward deeper institution-market integration.Guided by this framework,the study proposes a roadmap and concrete policy recommendations for regional cooperation through 2030.These include:aligning regional emissions targets and renewable energy share goals;establishing a mutual recognition system for green standards;building a digitalized green supply chain and carbon traceability platform;designing cross-border green finance corridors;and constructing integrated electricity-hydrogen-storage corridors in synergy with the Belt and Road Initiative.The study concludes that,if effectively implemented,these measures could raise the regional share of renewable electricity generation to over 30%by 2030.China and ASEAN would then be well positioned to lead in forming a low-carbon,interconnected,and shared regional energy community,offering a replicable and scalable model for low-carbon transition across the Global South.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12371378,41725017,11901098).
摘要A family of neural networks is proposed to solve linear complementarity problems(LCP).The neural networks are constructed from the novel equivalent model of LCP,which is reformulated by utilizing the modulus and smoothing technologies.Some important properties of the proposed novel equivalent model are summarized.In addition,the stability properties of the proposed steepest descent-based neural networks for LCP are analyzed.In order to illustrate the theoretical results,we provide some numerical simulations and compare the proposed neural networks with existing neural networks based on the NCP-functions.Numerical results indicate that the performance of the proposed neural networks is effective and robust.
基金supports in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under contract No.62171253the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST under program No.2022QNRC001,as well as the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
摘要Images with complementary spectral information can be recorded using image sensors that can identify visible and near-infrared spectrum.The fusion of visible and nearinfrared(NIR)aims to enhance the quality of images acquired by video monitoring systems for the ease of user observation and data processing.Unfortunately,current fusion algorithms produce artefacts and colour distortion since they cannot make use of spectrum properties and are lacking in information complementarity.Therefore,an information complementarity fusion(ICF)model is designed based on physical signals.In order to separate high-frequency noise from important information in distinct frequency layers,the authors first extracted texture-scale and edge-scale layers using a two-scale filter.Second,the difference map between visible and near-infrared was filtered using the extended-DoG filter to produce the initial visible-NIR complementary weight map.Then,to generate a guide map,the near-infrared image with night adjustment was processed as well.The final complementarity weight map was subsequently derived via an arctanI function mapping using the guide map and the initial weight maps.Finally,fusion images were generated with the complementarity weight maps.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art in both avoiding artificial colours as well as effectively utilising information complementarity.
基金This work was supported by Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation Project and the Optimization of Exergy Efficiency of a Hybrid Energy Storage System with Crossover Control for Wind Power(2023JQ04).
摘要This paper presents a new capacity planning method that utilizes the complementary characteristics of wind and solar power output.It addresses the limitations of relying on a single metric for a comprehensive assessment of complementarity.To enable more accurate predictions of the optimal wind-solar ratio,a comprehensive complementarity rate is proposed,which allows for the optimization of wind-solar capacity based on this measure.Initially,the Clayton Copula function is employed to create a joint probability distribution model for wind and solar power,enabling the calculation of the comprehensive complementarity rate.Following this,a joint planning model is developed to enhance the system’s economy and reliability.The goal is to minimize total costs,load deficit rates,and curtailment rates by applying an ImprovedMulti-Objective Particle SwarmOptimization algorithm(IMOPSO).Results show that when the proportion of wind power reaches 70%,the comprehensive complementarity rate is optimized.This optimization leads to a 14.83%reduction in total costs and a 9.27%decrease in curtailment rates.Compared to existing studies,this paper offers a multidimensional analysis of the relationship between the comprehensive complementarity rate and the optimal wind-solar ratio,thereby improving predictive accuracy and providing a valuable reference for research on the correlation between wind and solar power.
基金Supported by the Optimisation Theory and Algorithm Research Team(Grant No.23kytdzd004)University Science Research Project of Anhui Province(Grant No.2024AH050631)the General Programs for Young Teacher Cultivation of Educational Commission of Anhui Province(Grant No.YQYB2023090).
摘要In this paper,we propose a new full-Newton step feasible interior-point algorithm for the special weighted linear complementarity problems.The proposed algorithm employs the technique of algebraic equivalent transformation to derive the search direction.It is shown that the proximity measure reduces quadratically at each iteration.Moreover,the iteration bound of the algorithm is as good as the best-known polynomial complexity for these types of problems.Furthermore,numerical results are presented to show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
基金Supported by the Optimization Theory and Algorithm Research Team(23kytdzd004)the General Programs for Young Teacher Cultivation of Educational Commission of Anhui Province of China(YQYB2023090)the University Science Research Project of Anhui Province(2024AH050631)。
摘要In this paper,a fu-Newton step interior-point algorithm is proposed for solving P*(k)-linear complementarity problem based on a new search direction,which is an extension of Grimes'algorithm.It is proved that the number of iterations of the algorithm is O(n1/2(1+4κ)logn/ε),which matches the best known iteration bound of the interior-point method for P*(k)-linear complementarity problem.Some numerical results have proved the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41271177)Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(No.S2012010008902)
摘要In traditional urban geography, city contact research is a classic study element in city research. In general, researchers use the traditional gravity model to characterize the contacts that exist between two cities. The traditional gravity model assumes ideal conditions, but these preconditions and their results often do not exist in realistic conditions. Thus, we used a modified gravity model to characterize the city contacts within a specific region. This model considers factors such as intercity complementarities, government intervention, and the diversity of the transportation infrastructure which is characterized as the transportation distance instead of the traditional Euclidean distance. We applied this model to an empirical study of city contact in the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta(PRD) of China. The regression results indicated that the modified gravity model could measure city contact more accurately and comprehensively than the traditional gravity model, i.e., it yielded a higher adjusted R2 value(0.379) than the traditional gravity model result(0.259). Our study also suggests that, in addition to urban-regional and metropolitan development, the complementarities of the basic functions of cities at the administrative and market levels, as well as the corporeal and immaterial levels, play very significant roles in the characterization of city contact. Given the complexity of city contact, it will be necessary to consider more relevant influential factors in the modified gravity model to characterize the features of city contact in the future.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(Grant No.2020JM-622)the Postgraduate Innovative Research Project of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences(Grant No.YJSCX25YB39).
摘要SDDkmatrices are a subclass of the nonsingular H-matrices.The infinity norm of the inverse for SDDkmatrices has been given.In the paper,we utilize this result in the context of the linear complementarity problem,and the error bounds of the linear complementarity problem for SDDkmatrices are obtained.By the relationship between the SDD matrices and the SDDkmatrices,we further obtain the error bounds of the linear complementarity problem for SDD matrices.In addition,it is proved that the bounds presented in this paper are sharper than the well-known bounds under some conditions.Finally,numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of our results.
摘要The Asia-Pacific region is the most dynamic part of the global economy.After over 50 years of continuously expanding trade,investment and industrial cooperation,the region has formed a highly-tied multi-level labor division system covering vertical integration and horizontal complementarity of industrial chains.From the V-shaped development model in the twentieth century to the East Asian production network in the twenty-first century,the intra-industry and intra-product division of labor in the Asia-Pacific region has been ever deepening.However,due to the region’s high dependence on the U.S.market,the division of labor model in the Asia-Pacific suffers structural problems and is relatively fragile.Under the shock of Trump 1.0,countries in the Asia-Pacific region were forced to make adaptive adjustments,causing short-term turmoil in the regional economic order.Trump’s strong return in 2025,driven by the“America First”principle,brought forth a series of policies with strong unilateralism,isolationism and protectionism tendencies within just a few months。
摘要Shortly after the collapse of the USSR,in The End of History and the Last Man(1992),Francis Fukuyama encircled a spiritual condition pointing“toward establishing capitalist liberal democracies as the end state of the historical process”,while leaving the possibility open for a fall back“into the chaos and bloodshed of history”.In Historien er ikke slut(History has not ended,2000),Thomas Thurah,a Dane,converses with 36 European writers,most of whom implicitly dispute Fukuyama’s notion of an uplifting end of history.Rather,the common denominator for many of these interlocutors is their emphasis on“the contradiction-filled state of mind being an important part of the historical,social and creative processes that form both us and our world”(p.454).Thurah concludes that“the contradictory,the paradoxical,the incommensurable or the unstable truths…are characteristics of this reality,which every work of art seeks to give expression”.I investigate 2/3 of these interviews and lay bare their notions of Europe around 2000 and how the interviewees envision their continent’s legacy as informed by a variety of ruptures,some of which they predict will prevail.Simultaneously,I reflect on the conditions of possibility that underlie the authorial discourses and determine their outcomes.
摘要The year 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Thailand,as well as the“Golden Jubilee of Sino-Thai Friendship”.Over the past half-century,the scale and scope of economic and trade cooperation between China and Thailand have dramatically expanded.Both nations have strengthened their bilateral economic ties,which have increasingly strengthened their interdependence and.complementarity,presenting a broad prospect of mutual benefit and win-win cooperation.