Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices.However,the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electro...Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices.However,the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electrocatalytic reaction kinetics at the cathode.The integration of light energy into Zn/Sn-air batteries is a promising strategy for enhancing their performance.However,the photothermal and photoelectric effects generate heat in the battery under prolonged solar irradiation,leading to air cathode instability.This paper presents the first design and synthesis of Ni2-1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone(Ni2DDA),an electronically conductiveπ-d conjugated metal-organic framework(MOF).Ni2DDA exhibits both photoelectric and photothermal effects,with an optical band gap of~1.14 eV.Under illumination,Ni2DDA achieves excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance(with an overpotential of 245 mV vs.reversible hydrogen electrode at 10 mA cm−2)and photothermal stability.These properties result from the synergy between the photoelectric and photothermal effects of Ni2DDA.Upon integration into Zn/Sn-air batteries,Ni2DDA ensures excellent cycling stability under light and exhibits remarkable performance in high-temperature environments up to 80℃.This study experimentally confirms the stable operation of photo-assisted Zn/Sn-air batteries under high-temperature conditions for the first time and provides novel insights into the application of electronically conductive MOFs in photoelectrocatalysis and photothermal catalysis.展开更多
Piezoelectric semiconductor(PSC)materials exhibit strong electromechanical coupling affected by free carriers,which makes their contact behavior essential for sensors,actuators,and electronic devices.Analytical models...Piezoelectric semiconductor(PSC)materials exhibit strong electromechanical coupling affected by free carriers,which makes their contact behavior essential for sensors,actuators,and electronic devices.Analytical models for three-dimensional(3D)PSC contact problems are still scarce,especially for conductive indenters.This work develops a semi-analytical framework to study the 3D frictionless contact between a conductive indenter and a PSC half-space.Fundamental solutions under a unit force and a unit electric charge are derived,and the corresponding frequency response functions are combined with a discrete convolution-fast Fourier transform(DC-FFT)algorithm to achieve an efficient semi-analytical contact model.The numerical results demonstrate that an increase in the surface charge density reduces the indentation pressure and modifies the electric potential distribution.A higher steady carrier concentration enhances the screening effect,suppresses the electromechanical coupling,and shifts the system response toward purely elastic behaviors.The sensitivity analysis shows that the indentation depth is dominated by the elastic constants,while the electric potential is mainly affected by the piezoelectric coefficient.Although the analysis is carried out with spherical indenters,the model is not limited to a specific indenter shape.It provides an effective tool for investigating complex 3D PSC contact problems and offers useful insights into the design of PSC materials-based devices.展开更多
Conductive polymer hydrogels have emerged as a fundamentally new class of soft electronic materials that effectively bridge the gap between biological compatibility and electronic functionality[1].These materials syne...Conductive polymer hydrogels have emerged as a fundamentally new class of soft electronic materials that effectively bridge the gap between biological compatibility and electronic functionality[1].These materials synergize the hydration capacity,mechanical softness,and biocompatibility inherent to hydrogels with the efficient electrical transport properties of conducting polymers.Such a unique combination makes them exceptionally suitable for integration with biological systems in applications ranging from continuous health-monitoring devices to implantable sensors and advanced human-machine interfaces.展开更多
Conductive elastomer composites(CEC)are widely used in flexible electronics,structural health monitoring,and aerospace applications.However,their resistive strain response often exhibits a shoulder peak effect,which u...Conductive elastomer composites(CEC)are widely used in flexible electronics,structural health monitoring,and aerospace applications.However,their resistive strain response often exhibits a shoulder peak effect,which undermines signal stability and measurement accuracy.In this study,the generation and suppression mechanisms of the shoulder peak effect were clarified by regulating hydrogen bonding interactions on the surface of nano-silica.Experimental results combined with molecular dynamics(MD)simulations demonstrate that in samples(OCV-260)fabricated with hydrophobic nano-silica(OB),the hydrophobic surface induces weak hydrogen bonding between conductive carbon black(CB)and OB.This interaction reduced the hysteresis area of the resistive-strain response by 78.84%,suppressed the adhesion-desorption migration of CB along silicone rubber(SR)molecular chains,and prevented sudden resistance spikes during unloading,thereby eliminating the shoulder peak effect.In addition,OCV-260 exhibited a 97.19%enhancement in the strain sensitivity coefficient(GF),a 53.20%extension of the monitoring range,and a rapid response time of 221 ms.Remarkably,no shoulder peak effect was detected,even after 1×104loading-unloading cycles.These findings offer a promising strategy and broad application potential for achieving long-term,precise sensing in CEC for aerospace,flexible electronics,and structural health monitoring.展开更多
This manuscript mainly proposed an effective method to well disperse the composite conductive agent which is composed of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and graphene(Gr)in lithium-ion battery(LIB)slurry.Electrochemical Impedanc...This manuscript mainly proposed an effective method to well disperse the composite conductive agent which is composed of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and graphene(Gr)in lithium-ion battery(LIB)slurry.Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS),Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)and gravitational sedimentation(GS)are employed to characterize the electrochemical,morphological and stability characterizations of LIB slurry,respectively.Specifically,electrochemical characterizations of LIB electrode slurries are performed by fitting Nyquist plots with a 10-parameter EEC,and quantitative morphological analysis of SEM images is conducted using a Mask R-CNN instance segmentation algorithm,both of which were proposed in our prior published research works.Consequently,the dispersion characterizations of LIB slurry are able to be summarized as follows:LiCoO2 particles are well dispersed in LIB slurry atφcom2=0.5%,by contrast,the composite conductive agent achieves superior coating and networking of LiCoO2 particles under the conditions of bothφcom2=0.5%and mcNTs∶mGr=4∶1,due to the maximized CNTs-Gr synergistic effect.Meanwhile,the formed three-dimensional"long-range"conductive network maintains the stability of its internal skeleton structure during the sedimen-tation of LIB slurry.This finding holds significant potential to advance the application of CNTs/Gr composite conductive agents in LIB slurry.展开更多
MXene is a promising conductive nanofiller for hydrogels due to its excellent electricity conductivity and water dispersibility.However,MXene is prone to oxidize in the presence of air and water,resulting in a signifi...MXene is a promising conductive nanofiller for hydrogels due to its excellent electricity conductivity and water dispersibility.However,MXene is prone to oxidize in the presence of air and water,resulting in a significant loss of conductivity.Polydopamine(PDA)has been coated on MXene to enhance its antioxidation stability via the physical barrier and chemical reducing ability of PDA,which unavoidably causes severe aggregation and a significant decrease in conductivity due to the crosslinking and insulation of PDA.Herein,we propose a facile strategy to construct a highly conductive,stable,and self-healing MXene-based polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)hydrogel by a controlled assembly of PDA and cellulose nanocrystal(CNC).PDA is first formed by oxidation self-polymerization in PVA solution without the presence of CNC and MXene,which can effectively reduce the content of aggregation-inducing groups and avoid the formation of an insulating PDA layer on the surface of MXene.The addition of CNCs results in the easy dispersion of a high content of MXene via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions.The PVA-PDA hydrogel with MXene and CNC as conductive and reinforcing nanofillers(PP-CM)is cross-linked by dynamic borax covalent bonds and shows a conductivity of 7.14 S m-1.The introduction of PDA effectively protects MXene and results in only a 14%decrease in conductivity after 7 days,significantly improving antioxidant stability.This hydrogel also possesses rapid self-healing capabilities,achieving 90.5%self-healing efficiency within 10 min.This versatile approach opens new avenues for the preparation and application of MXene-based conductive hydrogels.展开更多
To break electromagnetic wave absorption(EMA)tech's single-attenuation bottleneck,enhancing multi-wave absorption synergy in composites is key for microstructure design.This study uses mesoporous hollow carbon sph...To break electromagnetic wave absorption(EMA)tech's single-attenuation bottleneck,enhancing multi-wave absorption synergy in composites is key for microstructure design.This study uses mesoporous hollow carbon spheres to make metal nanospheres with cobalt,iron,and nickel nanoparticles,then encapsulates them via electrospinning into a unique carbon shell-cavity-core fiber structure.It is light,low-density,and defect-rich.The numerous heterogeneous interfaces embedded in carbon fiber endow it with excellent conductivity and high specific surface area.Based on this,the three-dimensional conductive network further optimizes the transmission loss path of incident electromagnetic waves.Thanks to the effective cooperative of multiple absorption mechanisms,the NiFe2O4@PCHMs/CF composite material achieves an of-50.05 d B,and its maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EABmax)reaches 7.68 GHz at a thickness of 7.2 mm.This outstanding performance far exceeds that of the NiCo@PCHMs/CF and CoFe2O4@PCHMs/CF fiber samples.This study not only explores the potential applications of electrospinning materials,but also provides new insights for the optimization design of electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials.展开更多
Flexible and wearable sensors offer immense potential for rehabilitation medicine,but most rely solely on electrical signals,lacking real-time visual feedback and limiting trainee's interactivity.Inspired by the s...Flexible and wearable sensors offer immense potential for rehabilitation medicine,but most rely solely on electrical signals,lacking real-time visual feedback and limiting trainee's interactivity.Inspired by the structural coloration of Cyanocitta stelleri feathers,we developed a dual-mode sensor by utilizing black conductive polymer hydrogel(CPH)-enhanced structural color strategy.This sensor integrates a hydroxypropyl cellulose(HPC)-based structural color interface with a designed CPH sensing component.Highly visible light-absorbing CPH(absorption rate>88%)serves as the critical substrate for enhancing structural color performance.By absorbing incoherent scattered light and suppressing background interference,it significantly enhances the saturation of structural color,thereby achieving a high contrast index of 4.92.Unlike the faint and hardly visible structural colors on non-black substrates,the HPC on CPH displays vivid,highly perceptible colors and desirable mechanochromic behavior.Moreover,the CPH acts as a flexible sensing element,fortified by hydrogen and coordination bond networks,and exhibits exceptional electromechanical properties,including 867.1 kPa tensile strength,strain sensitivity(gauge factor of 4.24),and outstanding durability(over 4400 cycles).Compared to traditional single-mode sensors,the integrated sensor provides real-time visual and digital dual feedback,enhancing the accuracy and interactivity of rehabilitation assessments.This technology holds promise for advancing next-generation rehabilitation medicine.展开更多
Conductive hydrogel-based strain sensors,as key components of electronic skins,have garnered significant attention for the development of advanced human-machine interfaces and flexible electronics.However,their intrin...Conductive hydrogel-based strain sensors,as key components of electronic skins,have garnered significant attention for the development of advanced human-machine interfaces and flexible electronics.However,their intrinsic limitations of large hysteresis and poor mechanical robustness pose significant challenges for achieving the high accuracy and long-term stability required for advanced sensing systems.Here,we achieve hysteresis suppression and structural stability by constructing a microphase-separated interlocking network within a 3D-printable poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)/conductive carbon black(CCB)hydrogel.The resulting conductive hydrogel strain sensor possesses low electrical hysteresis(0.82%)and high cycle stability(>1×104cycles),enabling real-time and precise monitoring of joint bending and muscle contraction.By converting finger motion into machine-learnable signal patterns,the sensor enables an identification system that decodes continuous strain signals into alphabetical information,offering a novel human-machine interaction modality.This work provides a promising conductive hydrogel platform with enhanced sensing fidelity and interaction capability towards intelligent human-machine interactions.展开更多
Metallic copper nanoparticles are a promising alternative to gold and silver in printed electronics due to their excellent electrical and thermal conductivity.However,their synthesis is often hindered by rapid oxidati...Metallic copper nanoparticles are a promising alternative to gold and silver in printed electronics due to their excellent electrical and thermal conductivity.However,their synthesis is often hindered by rapid oxidation and limited scalability.This work presents a microwave-assisted polyol process for the rapid and scalable production of metallic Cu micro-and nanoparticles,performed in air without the need for an inert atmosphere.Ethylene glycol acts as both solvent and reducing agent,while lignin serves as a renewable capping agent.Reaction time is reduced to 10 min in batch mode,and the process is scaled up to a continuous-flow microwave system,achieving production rates of~5gh-1.Particle sizes range from 800 to 40 nm depending on lignin content and metal seeding.After pressure or low-temperature(150℃)treatment,the materials reach conductivities between 30 and 100 lΩcm.These metallic copper nanoparticles show strong potential for use in sustainable conductive inks for flexible and printed electronics.展开更多
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers(VCSELs)have numerous advantages,such as the ability to form two-dimensional arrays,low power consumption,and easy coupling.As a result,they are promising for visible-light commu...Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers(VCSELs)have numerous advantages,such as the ability to form two-dimensional arrays,low power consumption,and easy coupling.As a result,they are promising for visible-light communication,sensing,and micro-display applications[1].展开更多
We report a novel pre-breakdown electrochemical synthesis method for producing polyNiMeOSalen suspensions with exceptional scalability and economic viability.Operating at ultra-high current density(1 A cm⁻²),this...We report a novel pre-breakdown electrochemical synthesis method for producing polyNiMeOSalen suspensions with exceptional scalability and economic viability.Operating at ultra-high current density(1 A cm⁻²),this method achieves 83%yield and produces nanoscale particles(≈30 nm)with superior electrochemical performance.The resulting P-polyNiMeOSalen demonstrates 1.7 times higher rate capability than conventional electrochemically synthesized materials,attributed to increased surface area and enhanced non-Faradaic contributions.Techno-economic analysis reveals remarkable commercial potential with production costs of circa$1500/kg(significantly lower than competing materials),rapid payback period(1.17 years),and high internal rate of return(49.5%).Despite the presence of impurities,P-polyNiMeOSalen,when employed as a protective layer in composite cathodes with NMC532,demonstrates negligible impact on the Coulombic efficiency of NMC532,achieving 99.3%by the fifth cycle.Furthermore,P-polyNiMeOSalen exhibits comparable protective properties to E-polyNiMeOSalen upon overcharge of NMC532 to 8 V.This scalable synthesis represents a paradigm shift toward the economically viable production of protective coatings for next-generation lithium-ion battery safety systems.展开更多
Conductive metal-organic frameworks(cMOFs) demonstrate remarkable advantages in electromagnetic wave(EMW) absorption, attributed to their designable topological architectures and tailorable conjugated networks. Howeve...Conductive metal-organic frameworks(cMOFs) demonstrate remarkable advantages in electromagnetic wave(EMW) absorption, attributed to their designable topological architectures and tailorable conjugated networks. However, the preferential orientation and aligned stacking of low-dimensional systems(1D and 2D) tend to augment EMW reflection and restrict scattering, rendering the construction of efficient multiple loss channels unfeasible, resulting in insufficient overall energy dissipation. This study proposes a method that integrates density functional theory(DFT)-guided design with ordered liquid-phase assembly regulation, successfully fabricating a series of cMOFs with both efficient charge transport and excellent spin polarization, aimed at intensifying energy attenuation with scale-coordinated tuning.The volumetric framework of the Fe-DHBQ-3D(DHBQ represents: 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone)exhibits enhanced charge transport efficiency and amplified interfacial polarization through a percolating conjugated network, which provides structural support for rapid charge separation and the formation of stable interfacial dipoles. Its coordination environment constrains metal ion spin arrangement to further boost magnetic dipole interactions that significantly reinforce the synergistic ordering and orientational regularity of the spin system. Prominently, its spatial interconnected network establishes full-domain connectivity that overcomes inherent fragmentation and local isolation in directionally extended arrangements, promoting the collaborative unification of the confined space and conjugated scaffold.With the transcending expansion of hierarchies, the effective absorption bandwidth(EAB) increased 5orders of magnitude, and reflection loss(RL) improved significantly from-1.79 to-30.54 dB. This research not only reveals the structure-dominated energy management mechanism of cMOFs but also provides a general strategy for the efficient design and functional customization of EMW absorption materials.展开更多
Conductive hydrogels,with their excellent flexibility and tunable electrical conductivity,have shown broad application prospects in emerging fields such as flexible strain sensors and triboelectric nanogenerators(TENG...Conductive hydrogels,with their excellent flexibility and tunable electrical conductivity,have shown broad application prospects in emerging fields such as flexible strain sensors and triboelectric nanogenerators(TENG).In this study,a conductive sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)/polypyrrole(PPy)/polyacrylamide(PAM)(CPA)hydrogel was developed by integrating a CMC/PPy composite,synthesized via in situ polymerization,into a hydrophobic-associated polyacrylamide network.This hydrogel exhibits excellent mechanical properties,with a tensile strain as high as 1735%,demonstrating extremely high ductility and deformation capacity.The flexible sensor based on CPA hydrogel has a wide detection range(0%-500%)and can monitor the movements of various parts of the human body.In addition,the TENG assembled based on CPA hydrogel achieves stable electrical output performance,enabling it to power small wearable electronic devices and promote self-powered signal transmission,showing broad application prospects in the fields of intelligent human-machine interaction and wearable electronics.展开更多
Flexible mechanical sensors(FMSs)show significant promise for applications including health monitoring,human motion tracking,electronic skin,and human-machine interaction,and have thus emerged as a key research area w...Flexible mechanical sensors(FMSs)show significant promise for applications including health monitoring,human motion tracking,electronic skin,and human-machine interaction,and have thus emerged as a key research area within flexible electronics and wearable technology.Hydrogels,with their outstanding stretchability,flexibility,and biocompatibility,offer conformal contact with tissues or skin for stable signal acquisition,making them a prime candidate for constructing FMSs.In recent years,the incorporation of different conductive materials has led to the development of various conductive hydrogels,thereby advancing multifunctional FMSs.This review summarizes recent progress in conductive hydrogel-based FMSs(CHFMSs),with a focus on constituent materials(e.g.,conductive nanofillers,ionic additives,or conductive polymers),performance characteristics,and conductive mechanisms.A classification of FMSs based on the conduction mechanisms(resistive,capacitive,piezoelectric,and triboelectric)is also provided.Furthermore,the potential applications of FMSs in various practical scenarios are discussed.Finally,the key challenges and prospects in the developing field are outlined.展开更多
Conductive hydrogels are vital components in modern electronics and show great promise for wearable sensors.However,their practical use is often limited by the difficulty of balancing mechanical properties and ionic/e...Conductive hydrogels are vital components in modern electronics and show great promise for wearable sensors.However,their practical use is often limited by the difficulty of balancing mechanical properties and ionic/electronic conductivity.Herein,a dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)–regulated polyvinyl alcohol/guar gum(PVA/GG)dual-network conductive hydrogel(D-PVA/GG)was developed.The pre-shielding of intramolecular hydrogen bonds by DMSO induces extended polymer chain conformations,promoting the formation of a robust network and increasing the availability of hydrated hydroxyl groups.This mechanism significantly enhances both the mechanical performance and ionic conductivity of D-PVA/GG.Consequently,D-PVA/GG achieves a tensile strength of 3.82 MPa and a fracture strain of 815%.This strain is five times that of pure PVA hydrogels.D-PVA/GG also attained a conductivity of 1.66 S/m.These results demonstrate the synergistic optimization of the mechanical strength and conductivity.As a wearable sensor,D-PVA/GG can effectively monitor human motions in real time.展开更多
Conductive diamond,especially boron-doped diamond,has gained tremendous attention due to its high stability,broad potential window,low background current,good biocompatibility,and tunable surface properties.Over the p...Conductive diamond,especially boron-doped diamond,has gained tremendous attention due to its high stability,broad potential window,low background current,good biocompatibility,and tunable surface properties.Over the past 5 to 10 years,significant progress has been made in the synthesis and modification of conductive diamond,positioning it as a promising functional material in various electrochemical applications.This review covers synthesis methods,such as high-pressure high-temperature and chemical vapor deposition,highlighting their role in controlling diamond growth,microstructure,and doping.Modification strategies,including boron,nitrogen,and phosphorus doping,as well as surface terminations,crystal orientation,stress engineering,and hybridization,are discussed in terms of enhancing their electrochemical properties and expanding applications.Conductive diamond shows promise in energy storage,electrocatalysis,electrosynthesis,environmental remediation,and biosensing,particularly in supercapacitors,water treatment,and electrical detectors,owing to its robustness and stability.The review also discusses future directions,focusing on AI-driven process optimization,advanced modifications,and the development of multifunctional diamond composites.This review aims to highlight the potential of conductive diamond in next-generation electrochemical and energy technologies.展开更多
Background:Osteogenesis imperfecta(OI),also known as Lobstein disease,is a rare inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by bone fragility and various extra-skeletal manifestations.Hearing loss is a frequent...Background:Osteogenesis imperfecta(OI),also known as Lobstein disease,is a rare inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by bone fragility and various extra-skeletal manifestations.Hearing loss is a frequent but often underestimated complication that may significantly impair quality of life.Case presentation:We report the case of a 34-year-old woman with clinically established osteogenesis imperfecta type I who developed progressive bilateral conductive hearing loss over a three-year period.Audiological evaluation revealed symmetrical conductive impairment with preserved speech discrimination.High-resolution temporal bone computed tomography(CT)demonstrated diffuse otic capsule demineralization bilateral stapes footplate thickening,and atypical crown-shaped hypodense lesions surrounding the cochlea.Conclusion:Early recognition of hearing loss in osteogenesis imperfecta,combined with detailed imaging and multidisciplinary management,is essential to optimize functional outcomes.展开更多
The development of intrinsically conductive piezoresistive sensors with high strain tolerance has garnered significant interest.While elastomeric polymers exhibit excellent strain capabilities,their utility in sensing...The development of intrinsically conductive piezoresistive sensors with high strain tolerance has garnered significant interest.While elastomeric polymers exhibit excellent strain capabilities,their utility in sensing applications has been limited by inherent challenges such as high electrical resistivity,poor aging resistance,and interfacial incompatibility.To address these limitations,hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)-based polyurethane was chemically modified with acetylferrocene-polyaniline conductive moieties to enhance charge transport properties.Remarkably,this covalent functionalization endowed the resulting ferrocene-polyaniline hybrid polyurethane(FPHP)with a conductivity of2.33 n A at 1 V bias while preserving piezoresistive functionality.The FPHP demonstrated exceptional mechanical-electrical performance,achieving 254% elongation at break with strain-dependent gauge factors of 7.28(0%-12.5% strain,R2=0.9504)and 19.66(12.5%-35.0% strain,R2=0.9929).Further characterization revealed a rapid 0.60 s response time and stability over 3500 strain-release cycles at compression strain,underscoring its durability under repetitive loading.The FPHP sensor was capable of monitoring various human movements and recognizing writing signals.These advances establish a materials design paradigm for fabricating flexible sensors that synergistically integrate high deformability,tunable sensitivity,and robust operational stability,positioning FPHP as a promising candidate for next-generation wearable electronics and soft robotics.展开更多
A variety of petrophysical experimental techniques were used to analyze the core samples of the Subei Basin,China,and a three-dimensional digital rock model was constructed.The electrical simulation method based on di...A variety of petrophysical experimental techniques were used to analyze the core samples of the Subei Basin,China,and a three-dimensional digital rock model was constructed.The electrical simulation method based on digital rock model was used to clarify the influence of pore structure and complex mineral components(clay minerals,organic matter,metallic minerals)on rock conductivity in the study area.This study,based on petrophysical experiments and digital core technology,proposes a saturation evaluation model that considers the complex mineral composition of the rock and the pore-throat size classification.The newly developed saturation model,constructed using a tri-pore-throat parallel conductive model and fluid distribution model,has demonstrated excellent application potential in the Subei Basin,China.The findings of this study offer a reliable approach for evaluating the saturation of continental shale oil reservoirs.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62464010)Spring City Plan-Special Program for Young Talents(K202005007)+2 种基金Yunnan Talents Support Plan for Young Talents(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0482)Yunnan Local Colleges Applied Basic Research Projects(202101BA070001-138)Frontier Research Team of Kunming University 2023.
摘要Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices.However,the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electrocatalytic reaction kinetics at the cathode.The integration of light energy into Zn/Sn-air batteries is a promising strategy for enhancing their performance.However,the photothermal and photoelectric effects generate heat in the battery under prolonged solar irradiation,leading to air cathode instability.This paper presents the first design and synthesis of Ni2-1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone(Ni2DDA),an electronically conductiveπ-d conjugated metal-organic framework(MOF).Ni2DDA exhibits both photoelectric and photothermal effects,with an optical band gap of~1.14 eV.Under illumination,Ni2DDA achieves excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance(with an overpotential of 245 mV vs.reversible hydrogen electrode at 10 mA cm−2)and photothermal stability.These properties result from the synergy between the photoelectric and photothermal effects of Ni2DDA.Upon integration into Zn/Sn-air batteries,Ni2DDA ensures excellent cycling stability under light and exhibits remarkable performance in high-temperature environments up to 80℃.This study experimentally confirms the stable operation of photo-assisted Zn/Sn-air batteries under high-temperature conditions for the first time and provides novel insights into the application of electronically conductive MOFs in photoelectrocatalysis and photothermal catalysis.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12402113)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024NSFSC0037)。
摘要Piezoelectric semiconductor(PSC)materials exhibit strong electromechanical coupling affected by free carriers,which makes their contact behavior essential for sensors,actuators,and electronic devices.Analytical models for three-dimensional(3D)PSC contact problems are still scarce,especially for conductive indenters.This work develops a semi-analytical framework to study the 3D frictionless contact between a conductive indenter and a PSC half-space.Fundamental solutions under a unit force and a unit electric charge are derived,and the corresponding frequency response functions are combined with a discrete convolution-fast Fourier transform(DC-FFT)algorithm to achieve an efficient semi-analytical contact model.The numerical results demonstrate that an increase in the surface charge density reduces the indentation pressure and modifies the electric potential distribution.A higher steady carrier concentration enhances the screening effect,suppresses the electromechanical coupling,and shifts the system response toward purely elastic behaviors.The sensitivity analysis shows that the indentation depth is dominated by the elastic constants,while the electric potential is mainly affected by the piezoelectric coefficient.Although the analysis is carried out with spherical indenters,the model is not limited to a specific indenter shape.It provides an effective tool for investigating complex 3D PSC contact problems and offers useful insights into the design of PSC materials-based devices.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52222512).
摘要Conductive polymer hydrogels have emerged as a fundamentally new class of soft electronic materials that effectively bridge the gap between biological compatibility and electronic functionality[1].These materials synergize the hydration capacity,mechanical softness,and biocompatibility inherent to hydrogels with the efficient electrical transport properties of conducting polymers.Such a unique combination makes them exceptionally suitable for integration with biological systems in applications ranging from continuous health-monitoring devices to implantable sensors and advanced human-machine interfaces.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No 52368043)。
摘要Conductive elastomer composites(CEC)are widely used in flexible electronics,structural health monitoring,and aerospace applications.However,their resistive strain response often exhibits a shoulder peak effect,which undermines signal stability and measurement accuracy.In this study,the generation and suppression mechanisms of the shoulder peak effect were clarified by regulating hydrogen bonding interactions on the surface of nano-silica.Experimental results combined with molecular dynamics(MD)simulations demonstrate that in samples(OCV-260)fabricated with hydrophobic nano-silica(OB),the hydrophobic surface induces weak hydrogen bonding between conductive carbon black(CB)and OB.This interaction reduced the hysteresis area of the resistive-strain response by 78.84%,suppressed the adhesion-desorption migration of CB along silicone rubber(SR)molecular chains,and prevented sudden resistance spikes during unloading,thereby eliminating the shoulder peak effect.In addition,OCV-260 exhibited a 97.19%enhancement in the strain sensitivity coefficient(GF),a 53.20%extension of the monitoring range,and a rapid response time of 221 ms.Remarkably,no shoulder peak effect was detected,even after 1×104loading-unloading cycles.These findings offer a promising strategy and broad application potential for achieving long-term,precise sensing in CEC for aerospace,flexible electronics,and structural health monitoring.
基金support from the program of the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Promotion Program of Xi'an University of Technology(grant No.2024GHCJ007).
摘要This manuscript mainly proposed an effective method to well disperse the composite conductive agent which is composed of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and graphene(Gr)in lithium-ion battery(LIB)slurry.Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS),Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)and gravitational sedimentation(GS)are employed to characterize the electrochemical,morphological and stability characterizations of LIB slurry,respectively.Specifically,electrochemical characterizations of LIB electrode slurries are performed by fitting Nyquist plots with a 10-parameter EEC,and quantitative morphological analysis of SEM images is conducted using a Mask R-CNN instance segmentation algorithm,both of which were proposed in our prior published research works.Consequently,the dispersion characterizations of LIB slurry are able to be summarized as follows:LiCoO2 particles are well dispersed in LIB slurry atφcom2=0.5%,by contrast,the composite conductive agent achieves superior coating and networking of LiCoO2 particles under the conditions of bothφcom2=0.5%and mcNTs∶mGr=4∶1,due to the maximized CNTs-Gr synergistic effect.Meanwhile,the formed three-dimensional"long-range"conductive network maintains the stability of its internal skeleton structure during the sedimen-tation of LIB slurry.This finding holds significant potential to advance the application of CNTs/Gr composite conductive agents in LIB slurry.
基金support from Youth Promotion of Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2024A1515030005)Guangdong Province Ordinary Universities Characteristic Innovation Project(2024KTSCX096)+4 种基金Guangdong Province University Key Field Special Program(2023ZDZX3002)Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education)Naikai University,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology(No.2023B1212060065)Programs of Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province(202301AT070217)MOE International Laboratory for Optical Information Technologies,the 111 Project,Science and Technology Bureau of Huzhou(2022GG24)ScienceK Ltd.
摘要MXene is a promising conductive nanofiller for hydrogels due to its excellent electricity conductivity and water dispersibility.However,MXene is prone to oxidize in the presence of air and water,resulting in a significant loss of conductivity.Polydopamine(PDA)has been coated on MXene to enhance its antioxidation stability via the physical barrier and chemical reducing ability of PDA,which unavoidably causes severe aggregation and a significant decrease in conductivity due to the crosslinking and insulation of PDA.Herein,we propose a facile strategy to construct a highly conductive,stable,and self-healing MXene-based polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)hydrogel by a controlled assembly of PDA and cellulose nanocrystal(CNC).PDA is first formed by oxidation self-polymerization in PVA solution without the presence of CNC and MXene,which can effectively reduce the content of aggregation-inducing groups and avoid the formation of an insulating PDA layer on the surface of MXene.The addition of CNCs results in the easy dispersion of a high content of MXene via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions.The PVA-PDA hydrogel with MXene and CNC as conductive and reinforcing nanofillers(PP-CM)is cross-linked by dynamic borax covalent bonds and shows a conductivity of 7.14 S m-1.The introduction of PDA effectively protects MXene and results in only a 14%decrease in conductivity after 7 days,significantly improving antioxidant stability.This hydrogel also possesses rapid self-healing capabilities,achieving 90.5%self-healing efficiency within 10 min.This versatile approach opens new avenues for the preparation and application of MXene-based conductive hydrogels.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 52377026 and 52301192)Taishan Scholars and Young Experts Program of Shandong Province(Grant tsqn202103057)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grants ZR2024ME046 and ZR2024QE313)the Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao(Grant 23-2-1-23zyyd-jch)。
摘要To break electromagnetic wave absorption(EMA)tech's single-attenuation bottleneck,enhancing multi-wave absorption synergy in composites is key for microstructure design.This study uses mesoporous hollow carbon spheres to make metal nanospheres with cobalt,iron,and nickel nanoparticles,then encapsulates them via electrospinning into a unique carbon shell-cavity-core fiber structure.It is light,low-density,and defect-rich.The numerous heterogeneous interfaces embedded in carbon fiber endow it with excellent conductivity and high specific surface area.Based on this,the three-dimensional conductive network further optimizes the transmission loss path of incident electromagnetic waves.Thanks to the effective cooperative of multiple absorption mechanisms,the NiFe2O4@PCHMs/CF composite material achieves an of-50.05 d B,and its maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EABmax)reaches 7.68 GHz at a thickness of 7.2 mm.This outstanding performance far exceeds that of the NiCo@PCHMs/CF and CoFe2O4@PCHMs/CF fiber samples.This study not only explores the potential applications of electrospinning materials,but also provides new insights for the optimization design of electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(0065/2023/AFJ,0116/2022/A3)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52402166)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2025A1515011120)the Australian Research Council(DE220100154)the financial support from the Science and Technology Development Fund(FDCT),Macao SAR(No.0149/2022/A),and(No.0046/2024/AFJ)Guangdong Science and Technology Department(2023QN10C305)for this workthe financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22305185)。
摘要Flexible and wearable sensors offer immense potential for rehabilitation medicine,but most rely solely on electrical signals,lacking real-time visual feedback and limiting trainee's interactivity.Inspired by the structural coloration of Cyanocitta stelleri feathers,we developed a dual-mode sensor by utilizing black conductive polymer hydrogel(CPH)-enhanced structural color strategy.This sensor integrates a hydroxypropyl cellulose(HPC)-based structural color interface with a designed CPH sensing component.Highly visible light-absorbing CPH(absorption rate>88%)serves as the critical substrate for enhancing structural color performance.By absorbing incoherent scattered light and suppressing background interference,it significantly enhances the saturation of structural color,thereby achieving a high contrast index of 4.92.Unlike the faint and hardly visible structural colors on non-black substrates,the HPC on CPH displays vivid,highly perceptible colors and desirable mechanochromic behavior.Moreover,the CPH acts as a flexible sensing element,fortified by hydrogen and coordination bond networks,and exhibits exceptional electromechanical properties,including 867.1 kPa tensile strength,strain sensitivity(gauge factor of 4.24),and outstanding durability(over 4400 cycles).Compared to traditional single-mode sensors,the integrated sensor provides real-time visual and digital dual feedback,enhancing the accuracy and interactivity of rehabilitation assessments.This technology holds promise for advancing next-generation rehabilitation medicine.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82100877 and 52473179)Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration(No.MSV202013)+2 种基金Training Program of the Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund(No.20202ZDB01007)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Nos.20252BAC200300 and 20252BEJ730346)the Research Startup Grant of Jiangxi Science&Technology Normal University(No.2024BSQD15)。
摘要Conductive hydrogel-based strain sensors,as key components of electronic skins,have garnered significant attention for the development of advanced human-machine interfaces and flexible electronics.However,their intrinsic limitations of large hysteresis and poor mechanical robustness pose significant challenges for achieving the high accuracy and long-term stability required for advanced sensing systems.Here,we achieve hysteresis suppression and structural stability by constructing a microphase-separated interlocking network within a 3D-printable poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)/conductive carbon black(CCB)hydrogel.The resulting conductive hydrogel strain sensor possesses low electrical hysteresis(0.82%)and high cycle stability(>1×104cycles),enabling real-time and precise monitoring of joint bending and muscle contraction.By converting finger motion into machine-learnable signal patterns,the sensor enables an identification system that decodes continuous strain signals into alphabetical information,offering a novel human-machine interaction modality.This work provides a promising conductive hydrogel platform with enhanced sensing fidelity and interaction capability towards intelligent human-machine interactions.
摘要Metallic copper nanoparticles are a promising alternative to gold and silver in printed electronics due to their excellent electrical and thermal conductivity.However,their synthesis is often hindered by rapid oxidation and limited scalability.This work presents a microwave-assisted polyol process for the rapid and scalable production of metallic Cu micro-and nanoparticles,performed in air without the need for an inert atmosphere.Ethylene glycol acts as both solvent and reducing agent,while lignin serves as a renewable capping agent.Reaction time is reduced to 10 min in batch mode,and the process is scaled up to a continuous-flow microwave system,achieving production rates of~5gh-1.Particle sizes range from 800 to 40 nm depending on lignin content and metal seeding.After pressure or low-temperature(150℃)treatment,the materials reach conductivities between 30 and 100 lΩcm.These metallic copper nanoparticles show strong potential for use in sustainable conductive inks for flexible and printed electronics.
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFB3612200 and 2024YFB3612201)Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62404241,62304242,U24A20300,U25A20490,62174174,62274177,62275263,62325406,62374172,62304240,and 62504242)+4 种基金Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(Grant Nos.2022323,and 2022324)Key R&D Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.BG2024019 and BE2023018-2)Basic Research Program of Jiangsu(Grant Nos.BK20240126,BK20250500,and BK20250503)Suzhou Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.SYC2022089,ZXL2024379,ZXL2024376,ZXL2025308,SSD2024005,and SYG2025119)General Program of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2025M770832)。
摘要Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers(VCSELs)have numerous advantages,such as the ability to form two-dimensional arrays,low power consumption,and easy coupling.As a result,they are promising for visible-light communication,sensing,and micro-display applications[1].
基金Saint-Petersburg State University for a research project 125022002749-4.
摘要We report a novel pre-breakdown electrochemical synthesis method for producing polyNiMeOSalen suspensions with exceptional scalability and economic viability.Operating at ultra-high current density(1 A cm⁻²),this method achieves 83%yield and produces nanoscale particles(≈30 nm)with superior electrochemical performance.The resulting P-polyNiMeOSalen demonstrates 1.7 times higher rate capability than conventional electrochemically synthesized materials,attributed to increased surface area and enhanced non-Faradaic contributions.Techno-economic analysis reveals remarkable commercial potential with production costs of circa$1500/kg(significantly lower than competing materials),rapid payback period(1.17 years),and high internal rate of return(49.5%).Despite the presence of impurities,P-polyNiMeOSalen,when employed as a protective layer in composite cathodes with NMC532,demonstrates negligible impact on the Coulombic efficiency of NMC532,achieving 99.3%by the fifth cycle.Furthermore,P-polyNiMeOSalen exhibits comparable protective properties to E-polyNiMeOSalen upon overcharge of NMC532 to 8 V.This scalable synthesis represents a paradigm shift toward the economically viable production of protective coatings for next-generation lithium-ion battery safety systems.
基金the support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22375166,22101229)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(No. 2024JC-JCQN-44)Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi Science and Technology Innovation Team Project (No.2025RS-CXTD-024)。
摘要Conductive metal-organic frameworks(cMOFs) demonstrate remarkable advantages in electromagnetic wave(EMW) absorption, attributed to their designable topological architectures and tailorable conjugated networks. However, the preferential orientation and aligned stacking of low-dimensional systems(1D and 2D) tend to augment EMW reflection and restrict scattering, rendering the construction of efficient multiple loss channels unfeasible, resulting in insufficient overall energy dissipation. This study proposes a method that integrates density functional theory(DFT)-guided design with ordered liquid-phase assembly regulation, successfully fabricating a series of cMOFs with both efficient charge transport and excellent spin polarization, aimed at intensifying energy attenuation with scale-coordinated tuning.The volumetric framework of the Fe-DHBQ-3D(DHBQ represents: 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone)exhibits enhanced charge transport efficiency and amplified interfacial polarization through a percolating conjugated network, which provides structural support for rapid charge separation and the formation of stable interfacial dipoles. Its coordination environment constrains metal ion spin arrangement to further boost magnetic dipole interactions that significantly reinforce the synergistic ordering and orientational regularity of the spin system. Prominently, its spatial interconnected network establishes full-domain connectivity that overcomes inherent fragmentation and local isolation in directionally extended arrangements, promoting the collaborative unification of the confined space and conjugated scaffold.With the transcending expansion of hierarchies, the effective absorption bandwidth(EAB) increased 5orders of magnitude, and reflection loss(RL) improved significantly from-1.79 to-30.54 dB. This research not only reveals the structure-dominated energy management mechanism of cMOFs but also provides a general strategy for the efficient design and functional customization of EMW absorption materials.
摘要Conductive hydrogels,with their excellent flexibility and tunable electrical conductivity,have shown broad application prospects in emerging fields such as flexible strain sensors and triboelectric nanogenerators(TENG).In this study,a conductive sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)/polypyrrole(PPy)/polyacrylamide(PAM)(CPA)hydrogel was developed by integrating a CMC/PPy composite,synthesized via in situ polymerization,into a hydrophobic-associated polyacrylamide network.This hydrogel exhibits excellent mechanical properties,with a tensile strain as high as 1735%,demonstrating extremely high ductility and deformation capacity.The flexible sensor based on CPA hydrogel has a wide detection range(0%-500%)and can monitor the movements of various parts of the human body.In addition,the TENG assembled based on CPA hydrogel achieves stable electrical output performance,enabling it to power small wearable electronic devices and promote self-powered signal transmission,showing broad application prospects in the fields of intelligent human-machine interaction and wearable electronics.
摘要Flexible mechanical sensors(FMSs)show significant promise for applications including health monitoring,human motion tracking,electronic skin,and human-machine interaction,and have thus emerged as a key research area within flexible electronics and wearable technology.Hydrogels,with their outstanding stretchability,flexibility,and biocompatibility,offer conformal contact with tissues or skin for stable signal acquisition,making them a prime candidate for constructing FMSs.In recent years,the incorporation of different conductive materials has led to the development of various conductive hydrogels,thereby advancing multifunctional FMSs.This review summarizes recent progress in conductive hydrogel-based FMSs(CHFMSs),with a focus on constituent materials(e.g.,conductive nanofillers,ionic additives,or conductive polymers),performance characteristics,and conductive mechanisms.A classification of FMSs based on the conduction mechanisms(resistive,capacitive,piezoelectric,and triboelectric)is also provided.Furthermore,the potential applications of FMSs in various practical scenarios are discussed.Finally,the key challenges and prospects in the developing field are outlined.
基金supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2022ME181)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51702123).
摘要Conductive hydrogels are vital components in modern electronics and show great promise for wearable sensors.However,their practical use is often limited by the difficulty of balancing mechanical properties and ionic/electronic conductivity.Herein,a dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)–regulated polyvinyl alcohol/guar gum(PVA/GG)dual-network conductive hydrogel(D-PVA/GG)was developed.The pre-shielding of intramolecular hydrogen bonds by DMSO induces extended polymer chain conformations,promoting the formation of a robust network and increasing the availability of hydrated hydroxyl groups.This mechanism significantly enhances both the mechanical performance and ionic conductivity of D-PVA/GG.Consequently,D-PVA/GG achieves a tensile strength of 3.82 MPa and a fracture strain of 815%.This strain is five times that of pure PVA hydrogels.D-PVA/GG also attained a conductivity of 1.66 S/m.These results demonstrate the synergistic optimization of the mechanical strength and conductivity.As a wearable sensor,D-PVA/GG can effectively monitor human motions in real time.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:22269004Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Project,Grant/Award Number:ZK[2024]General 026+1 种基金Technology Innovation Talent Team Construction Program of Guizhou Province,Grant/Award Number:QKHPTRC-CXTD[2023]016Guizhou University,Grant/Award Number:GZUQLXK21004。
摘要Conductive diamond,especially boron-doped diamond,has gained tremendous attention due to its high stability,broad potential window,low background current,good biocompatibility,and tunable surface properties.Over the past 5 to 10 years,significant progress has been made in the synthesis and modification of conductive diamond,positioning it as a promising functional material in various electrochemical applications.This review covers synthesis methods,such as high-pressure high-temperature and chemical vapor deposition,highlighting their role in controlling diamond growth,microstructure,and doping.Modification strategies,including boron,nitrogen,and phosphorus doping,as well as surface terminations,crystal orientation,stress engineering,and hybridization,are discussed in terms of enhancing their electrochemical properties and expanding applications.Conductive diamond shows promise in energy storage,electrocatalysis,electrosynthesis,environmental remediation,and biosensing,particularly in supercapacitors,water treatment,and electrical detectors,owing to its robustness and stability.The review also discusses future directions,focusing on AI-driven process optimization,advanced modifications,and the development of multifunctional diamond composites.This review aims to highlight the potential of conductive diamond in next-generation electrochemical and energy technologies.
摘要Background:Osteogenesis imperfecta(OI),also known as Lobstein disease,is a rare inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by bone fragility and various extra-skeletal manifestations.Hearing loss is a frequent but often underestimated complication that may significantly impair quality of life.Case presentation:We report the case of a 34-year-old woman with clinically established osteogenesis imperfecta type I who developed progressive bilateral conductive hearing loss over a three-year period.Audiological evaluation revealed symmetrical conductive impairment with preserved speech discrimination.High-resolution temporal bone computed tomography(CT)demonstrated diffuse otic capsule demineralization bilateral stapes footplate thickening,and atypical crown-shaped hypodense lesions surrounding the cochlea.Conclusion:Early recognition of hearing loss in osteogenesis imperfecta,combined with detailed imaging and multidisciplinary management,is essential to optimize functional outcomes.
摘要The development of intrinsically conductive piezoresistive sensors with high strain tolerance has garnered significant interest.While elastomeric polymers exhibit excellent strain capabilities,their utility in sensing applications has been limited by inherent challenges such as high electrical resistivity,poor aging resistance,and interfacial incompatibility.To address these limitations,hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)-based polyurethane was chemically modified with acetylferrocene-polyaniline conductive moieties to enhance charge transport properties.Remarkably,this covalent functionalization endowed the resulting ferrocene-polyaniline hybrid polyurethane(FPHP)with a conductivity of2.33 n A at 1 V bias while preserving piezoresistive functionality.The FPHP demonstrated exceptional mechanical-electrical performance,achieving 254% elongation at break with strain-dependent gauge factors of 7.28(0%-12.5% strain,R2=0.9504)and 19.66(12.5%-35.0% strain,R2=0.9929).Further characterization revealed a rapid 0.60 s response time and stability over 3500 strain-release cycles at compression strain,underscoring its durability under repetitive loading.The FPHP sensor was capable of monitoring various human movements and recognizing writing signals.These advances establish a materials design paradigm for fabricating flexible sensors that synergistically integrate high deformability,tunable sensitivity,and robust operational stability,positioning FPHP as a promising candidate for next-generation wearable electronics and soft robotics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 42204122。
摘要A variety of petrophysical experimental techniques were used to analyze the core samples of the Subei Basin,China,and a three-dimensional digital rock model was constructed.The electrical simulation method based on digital rock model was used to clarify the influence of pore structure and complex mineral components(clay minerals,organic matter,metallic minerals)on rock conductivity in the study area.This study,based on petrophysical experiments and digital core technology,proposes a saturation evaluation model that considers the complex mineral composition of the rock and the pore-throat size classification.The newly developed saturation model,constructed using a tri-pore-throat parallel conductive model and fluid distribution model,has demonstrated excellent application potential in the Subei Basin,China.The findings of this study offer a reliable approach for evaluating the saturation of continental shale oil reservoirs.