A model for evaluating the controller workload was presented based on matter-element analysis, particularly from a mansystem engineering perspective. On the basis of a questionnaire survey, 18 kinds of indexes which i...A model for evaluating the controller workload was presented based on matter-element analysis, particularly from a mansystem engineering perspective. On the basis of a questionnaire survey, 18 kinds of indexes which influence the controller workload were determined. By establishing the classical field and node field of the controller workload, the correlation function of the controller workload grade was obtained; then the correlation degree and estimated grade of controller workload were given. A case study verifies the feasibility of the proposed evaluation method.展开更多
针对空管系统危险源控制清单中关键信息识别与潜在隐患管理的问题,本文提出了一种基于威胁与差错管理(TEM,threat and error management)模型的空管安全信息相关性分析方法。首先,依据TEM模型的内在分类构建TEM模型本体;其次,利用信息...针对空管系统危险源控制清单中关键信息识别与潜在隐患管理的问题,本文提出了一种基于威胁与差错管理(TEM,threat and error management)模型的空管安全信息相关性分析方法。首先,依据TEM模型的内在分类构建TEM模型本体;其次,利用信息抽取技术从危险源控制清单文本中抽取结构化事件,利用深度自编码器网络模型和改进的余弦相似度公式进行文本语义相似度匹配;最后,基于贝叶斯网络对TEM模型本体类别的概率关系进行定量分析,得到威胁、差错和非期望的航空器状态之间的相关性。通过对民航空管系统危险源控制清单中数据的实例分析,识别并抽取出了文本中的关键信息、与空管运行安全强相关的实体词和事件类型,基于抽取结果对空管各运行环节安全性的提升提出合理建议。展开更多
An augmented flight dynamics model is developed to extend the existing flight dynamics model of tilt-rotor aircraft for optimal landing procedure analysis in the event of one engine failure.Compared with the existing ...An augmented flight dynamics model is developed to extend the existing flight dynamics model of tilt-rotor aircraft for optimal landing procedure analysis in the event of one engine failure.Compared with the existing flight dynamics model, the augmented model involves with more pilot control information in cockpit and is validated against the flight test data. Based on the augmented flight dynamics model, the optimal landing procedure of XV-15 tilt-rotor aircraft after one engine failure is formulated into a Nonlinear Optimal Control Problem(NOCP), solved by collocation and numerical optimization method. The time histories of pilot controls in cockpit during the optimal landing procedure are obtained for the evaluation of pilot workload. An evaluation method which can synthetically quantify the pilot workload in time and frequency domains is proposed with metrics of aggressiveness and cutoff frequencies of pilot controls. The scale of the pilot workload is compared with those of the shipboard landing procedures, bob-up/bob-down and dash/quickstop maneuvers of UH-60 helicopter. The results show that the aggressiveness of pilot collective and longitudinal controls for the tilt-rotor aircraft optimal landing procedure after one engine failure are higher than those for UH-60 helicopter shipboard landing procedures up to the condition of sea state 4, while the pilot cutoff frequency of collective control is lower than that of the bob-up/bob-down maneuver but the pilot cutoff frequency of longitudinal control is higher than that of the dash/quick-stop maneuver. The evaluated pilot workload level is between Cooper–Harper HQR Level 2 and Level 3.展开更多
This paper presents a method to predict the pilot workload in helicopter landing after one engine failure.The landing procedure is simulated numerically via applying nonlinear optimal control method in the form of per...This paper presents a method to predict the pilot workload in helicopter landing after one engine failure.The landing procedure is simulated numerically via applying nonlinear optimal control method in the form of performance index,path constraints and boundary conditions based on an augmented six-degree-of-freedom rigid-body flight dynamics model,solved by collocation and numerical optimization method.UH-60 A helicopter is taken as the sample for the demonstration of landing after one engine failure.The numerical simulation was conducted to find the trajectory of helicopter and the controls from pilot for landing after one engine failure with different performance index considering the factor of pilot workload.The reasonable performance index and corresponding landing trajectory and controls are obtained by making a comparison with those from the flight test data.Furthermore,the pilot workload is evaluated based on wavelet transform analysis of the pilot control activities.The workloads of pilot control activities for collective control,longitudinal and lateral cyclic controls and pedal control during the helicopter landing after one engine failure are examined and compared with those of flight test.The results show that when the performance index considers the factor of pilot workload properly,the characteristics of amplitudes and constituent frequencies of pilot control inputs in the optimal solution are consistent with those of the pilot control inputs in the flight test.Therefore,the proposed method provides a tool of predicting the pilot workload in helicopter landing after one engine failure.展开更多
A tripartite evolutionary game model of enterprise,air traffic control(ATC)and passengers in an air-rail intermodal transport(ARIT)system was developed and investigated.The optimal interaction among enterprise,ATC and...A tripartite evolutionary game model of enterprise,air traffic control(ATC)and passengers in an air-rail intermodal transport(ARIT)system was developed and investigated.The optimal interaction among enterprise,ATC and passengers was explored based on the congestion charging mechanism,as presented in terms of the payoffs and decision-making behaviors of three participants.Payoff matrices were established for three game players,wherein fare,mileage cost,en-route charge and generalized travel cost were taken into consideration.After that,the replicated dynamic equations were derived and employed to analyze the reliability of the proposed model and the dynamic behaviors of each game player under initial conditions.Eventually,the Beijing-Shanghai,Beijing-Guangzhou and Beijing-Kunming corridors were used as practical cases to clarify the impact of key factors(e.g.,distance,enroute charge and passenger sharing ratio)on the evolutionary trend and final strategy.The results showed that three players tend to choose the strategy which is always profitable.The enterprises would choose to introduce the ARIT strategy in medium-distance route,but not in short-and long-distance route,ATC chose to implement the congestion charging strategy,and passengers preferred the ARIT strategy.In addition,the final strategies were affected by any changes in key factors,and enterprises were more sensitive and likely to introduce the ARIT strategy out of individual interest.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (60742117)
摘要A model for evaluating the controller workload was presented based on matter-element analysis, particularly from a mansystem engineering perspective. On the basis of a questionnaire survey, 18 kinds of indexes which influence the controller workload were determined. By establishing the classical field and node field of the controller workload, the correlation function of the controller workload grade was obtained; then the correlation degree and estimated grade of controller workload were given. A case study verifies the feasibility of the proposed evaluation method.
摘要针对空管系统危险源控制清单中关键信息识别与潜在隐患管理的问题,本文提出了一种基于威胁与差错管理(TEM,threat and error management)模型的空管安全信息相关性分析方法。首先,依据TEM模型的内在分类构建TEM模型本体;其次,利用信息抽取技术从危险源控制清单文本中抽取结构化事件,利用深度自编码器网络模型和改进的余弦相似度公式进行文本语义相似度匹配;最后,基于贝叶斯网络对TEM模型本体类别的概率关系进行定量分析,得到威胁、差错和非期望的航空器状态之间的相关性。通过对民航空管系统危险源控制清单中数据的实例分析,识别并抽取出了文本中的关键信息、与空管运行安全强相关的实体词和事件类型,基于抽取结果对空管各运行环节安全性的提升提出合理建议。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11672128)
摘要An augmented flight dynamics model is developed to extend the existing flight dynamics model of tilt-rotor aircraft for optimal landing procedure analysis in the event of one engine failure.Compared with the existing flight dynamics model, the augmented model involves with more pilot control information in cockpit and is validated against the flight test data. Based on the augmented flight dynamics model, the optimal landing procedure of XV-15 tilt-rotor aircraft after one engine failure is formulated into a Nonlinear Optimal Control Problem(NOCP), solved by collocation and numerical optimization method. The time histories of pilot controls in cockpit during the optimal landing procedure are obtained for the evaluation of pilot workload. An evaluation method which can synthetically quantify the pilot workload in time and frequency domains is proposed with metrics of aggressiveness and cutoff frequencies of pilot controls. The scale of the pilot workload is compared with those of the shipboard landing procedures, bob-up/bob-down and dash/quickstop maneuvers of UH-60 helicopter. The results show that the aggressiveness of pilot collective and longitudinal controls for the tilt-rotor aircraft optimal landing procedure after one engine failure are higher than those for UH-60 helicopter shipboard landing procedures up to the condition of sea state 4, while the pilot cutoff frequency of collective control is lower than that of the bob-up/bob-down maneuver but the pilot cutoff frequency of longitudinal control is higher than that of the dash/quick-stop maneuver. The evaluated pilot workload level is between Cooper–Harper HQR Level 2 and Level 3.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11672128)。
摘要This paper presents a method to predict the pilot workload in helicopter landing after one engine failure.The landing procedure is simulated numerically via applying nonlinear optimal control method in the form of performance index,path constraints and boundary conditions based on an augmented six-degree-of-freedom rigid-body flight dynamics model,solved by collocation and numerical optimization method.UH-60 A helicopter is taken as the sample for the demonstration of landing after one engine failure.The numerical simulation was conducted to find the trajectory of helicopter and the controls from pilot for landing after one engine failure with different performance index considering the factor of pilot workload.The reasonable performance index and corresponding landing trajectory and controls are obtained by making a comparison with those from the flight test data.Furthermore,the pilot workload is evaluated based on wavelet transform analysis of the pilot control activities.The workloads of pilot control activities for collective control,longitudinal and lateral cyclic controls and pedal control during the helicopter landing after one engine failure are examined and compared with those of flight test.The results show that when the performance index considers the factor of pilot workload properly,the characteristics of amplitudes and constituent frequencies of pilot control inputs in the optimal solution are consistent with those of the pilot control inputs in the flight test.Therefore,the proposed method provides a tool of predicting the pilot workload in helicopter landing after one engine failure.
基金supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.20YJCZH176)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2333206).
摘要A tripartite evolutionary game model of enterprise,air traffic control(ATC)and passengers in an air-rail intermodal transport(ARIT)system was developed and investigated.The optimal interaction among enterprise,ATC and passengers was explored based on the congestion charging mechanism,as presented in terms of the payoffs and decision-making behaviors of three participants.Payoff matrices were established for three game players,wherein fare,mileage cost,en-route charge and generalized travel cost were taken into consideration.After that,the replicated dynamic equations were derived and employed to analyze the reliability of the proposed model and the dynamic behaviors of each game player under initial conditions.Eventually,the Beijing-Shanghai,Beijing-Guangzhou and Beijing-Kunming corridors were used as practical cases to clarify the impact of key factors(e.g.,distance,enroute charge and passenger sharing ratio)on the evolutionary trend and final strategy.The results showed that three players tend to choose the strategy which is always profitable.The enterprises would choose to introduce the ARIT strategy in medium-distance route,but not in short-and long-distance route,ATC chose to implement the congestion charging strategy,and passengers preferred the ARIT strategy.In addition,the final strategies were affected by any changes in key factors,and enterprises were more sensitive and likely to introduce the ARIT strategy out of individual interest.