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Evolution process and controlling factors of gas content in marine-continental transitional shales:Insights from numerical modeling 认领 引用
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作者 Xiao-Guang Yang Shi-Zhen Li +2 位作者 Qiu-Chen Xu Fei Li Xiang-Lin Chen 《Petroleum Science》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2026年第5期2330-2347,共18页
Marine-continental transitional shale(McTS)gas holds excellent gas-generating hydrocarbon basis and exploration potential.Conducting quantitative analysis on the evolution of shale gas content and the coupled relation... Marine-continental transitional shale(McTS)gas holds excellent gas-generating hydrocarbon basis and exploration potential.Conducting quantitative analysis on the evolution of shale gas content and the coupled relationship between hydrocarbon generation and storage during geological history is essential for a profound understanding of shale gas enrichment mechanisms.This studyestablishes integrated models for hydrocarbon generation evolution,porosity evolution,and gas occurrence in Type Ill organicrich MCTS through a synergistic experimental approach combining multi-temperature methane isothermal adsorption experiments andgold-tube pyrolysis experiments on low-maturity shale samples.Simulating a variety of real and virtual burial histories and thermal histories,the evolution process ofgas content in McTSwas reconstructed and the influence of various geological conditions during burial on gas content evolution was clarified.The results indicate that a seven-stage evolution(AG)of gas content in McTS from the Shanxi Formation,Southern North China Basin.Critical thresholds include:(1)dissolution-enhancedreservoir modification at vitrinite reflectance(EasyRo)=1.0%,(2)adsorbed gas saturation at EasyRo=1.3%,(3)dual saturation of free andadsorbedgas at EasyRo=2.0%,(4)15%30%gas loss through expulsion during overmature stages(EasyRo>2.0%),and(5)partial freeto-adsorbed gas conversion triggered by tectonic uplift.Total organic carbon(ToC)content and overpressure exhibit positive correlations with gas content,while tectonic uplift magnitude shows a negative impact.The influence of maximum burial depth,paleo-heat flow,andgeothermalgradient demonstrate complex nonlinear relationships on gas content. 展开更多
关键词 Shale gas Marine-continental transitional facies Gas content model Evolutionary process Controlling factors
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Hydrochemical characteristics,evolution,and controlling factors of a karstic river with reservoirs:Insights from spatial-temporal analysis 认领 引用
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作者 Jiang Wu Ting Wang +4 位作者 Tang Liu Jia-Ju Liu Nan Xu Hui Zeng Ling-Yan He 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2026年第1期108-119,共12页
Understanding water chemistry in karst regions is crucial for improving global water resource management and deepening our knowledge of the biogeochemical cycles shaping these sensitive environments.Despite advance-me... Understanding water chemistry in karst regions is crucial for improving global water resource management and deepening our knowledge of the biogeochemical cycles shaping these sensitive environments.Despite advance-ments in karst hydrology,significant gaps remain in long-term trends,underlying processes,and quantitative effects of environmental changes.This is especially true in areas like the Wujiang River(WJ)in China,where human activities such as reservoir construction and land use/cover changes have accelerated hydrochemical changes.We combined recent and historical monitoring data to provide a detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal characteristics,evolution,and controlling factors of major ions in WJ.These findings are important for local water management and contribute to global efforts to manage similar karst systems facing human-induced pressures.Our research shows clear seasonal differences in solute concentrations,with higher levels during the dry season.WJ’s water is rich in calcium,with Ca-HCO3 ion pairs being the most common.Reservoir monitor-ing stations show much higher levels of NO3−and SO42−compared to river-type stations,likely due to longer hydraulic retention time and increased acid deposition.The study confirms the significant role of pH and water temperature in rock weathering processes.Land use/cover changes were identified as the primary drivers of solute variations(46.37%),followed by lithology(13.92%)and temperature(8.35%).Over the past two decades,in-tense carbonate weathering has been observed,especially during wet seasons.Among karstic provinces,Guizhou Province stands out with the highest ion concentrations,indicative of its extensive karst coverage and heightened weathering processes. 展开更多
关键词 Wujiang river Karst Reservoir Major ion Controlling factor
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Physical property characteristics and controlling factors of shale oil reservoirs in the Beibu Gulf Basin,southern China 认领 引用
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作者 Yuejiao Liu Jianmeng Sun +3 位作者 Fuqiang Lai Xu Dong Dong Yang Jiajie Cheng 《Energy Geoscience》 EI CAS CSCD 2026年第1期90-102,共13页
The Liushagang Formation in the Weixinan Depression,Beibu Gulf Basin,southern China,is one of the key stratigraphic units for offshore shale oil exploration in the country.The shale oil reservoirs in the formation are... The Liushagang Formation in the Weixinan Depression,Beibu Gulf Basin,southern China,is one of the key stratigraphic units for offshore shale oil exploration in the country.The shale oil reservoirs in the formation are characterized by low porosity,low permeability and strong heterogeneity,which constrain the precise evaluation of reservoir properties,the accurate prediction of sweet spots,and efficient development.This study integrates core observation,mineralogical analysis,and multi-scale pore characterization to systematically clarify the variations in reservoir properties and their controlling mechanisms.The results show that the physical properties of matrix-type,lamina-type,and interlayer-type reservoirs exhibit distinct stepwise variations:Among these,interlayer-type reservoirs show the greatest development potential(quartz content 65%,average porosity 15%,permeability>10 mD,and mobile fluid saturation 60%),whereas matrix-type reservoirs are the least favorable(dominated by 40 nm nanoscale pores,and clay content 45%).Mineral composition,sedimentary-diagenetic processes,and fault systems collectively control reservoir property heterogeneity.Quartz-rich rigid frameworks resist compaction,resulting in a porosity increase by approximately 2% for every 10%rise in q uartz content.The transformation of clay minerals induces stratified porosity zoning within the layered reservoirs,while fault systems enhance heterogeneity through the development of fracture networks and acid-induced dissolution.This study provides theoretical support for the evaluation and development of shale oil sweet spots in the Weixinan Depression and holds practical significance for the commercial development of shale oil in China's offshore areas. 展开更多
关键词 Shale oil Liushagang formation Physical property Controlling factor
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Distribution characteristics and controlling factors of Wenchang Formation fan in the Enping 17 Sag steep slope zone,Zhujiang River Mouth Basin 认领 引用
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作者 Yaping Sui Guangrong Peng +6 位作者 Wei Wu Guangxu Wang Xiaomeng Wang Zhendong Feng Jing Yu Tao Wan Weiye Zhao 《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第2期143-161,共19页
Fault steep slope zone is an important oil and gas exploration area in sedimentary basin.Taking Wenchang Formation of the Enping 17 Sag steep slope zone in the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin as the research object,this st... Fault steep slope zone is an important oil and gas exploration area in sedimentary basin.Taking Wenchang Formation of the Enping 17 Sag steep slope zone in the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin as the research object,this study primarily utilized 3D seismic data as well as drilling and logging data from Well 3-1.Through sequence boundary identification and seismic facies analysis,the distribution characteristics and controlling factors of the fan in the steep slope zone of the Wenchang Formation in Enping 17 Sag are deeply studied.Two second-order sequence boundaries(T80,Tg)and five third-order sequence boundaries(T81,T82,T83,T84,T85)have been identified in the Wenchang Formation.The study concludes that the Wenchang Formation develops fan delta facies in the northern steep slope zone,with a semideep lake facies in the middle and a braided river delta facies in the southern region.The fan is mainly distributed at the intersection of two faults,and its migration is affected by the strike-slip nature of the north-south(NS)fault,gradually moving towards the southeast(SE)direction.In the current landform,the fan from Member 6 to Member 1 of the Wenchang Formation exhibit a trend of migration towards the northwest(NW)direction.The formation and distribution of the fan is influenced by various factors,including structure,provenance,paleoclimate,and lake level changes.Among these,tectonic factors play a dominant role in determining the scale and distribution of the fan.The parent rock dominated by granite determines the sediment composition,and the warm and humid climate provides sufficient detrital material for the rapidly accumulating fan near the source.The lake level changes affect the thickness and extension range of the fan. 展开更多
关键词 sequence boundary seismic facies controlling factors steep slope zone fan deposits Enping 17 Sag Wenchang Formation
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The characteristics and controlling factors of high-quality reservoirs of ultra-deep tight sandstone: A case study of the Dabei Gas Field, Tarim Basin, China 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Xiao-Tong Xu Lian-Bo Zeng +3 位作者 Shao-Qun Dong Hai-Ming Li Jian-Zhong Liu Chun-Qiu Ji 《Petroleum Science》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2025年第9期3473-3496,共24页
High-quality reservoirs with sufficient physical properties of ultra-deep tight gas reservoirs in the Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation exhibit significant relationship with gas production across the Dabei Gas Fi... High-quality reservoirs with sufficient physical properties of ultra-deep tight gas reservoirs in the Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation exhibit significant relationship with gas production across the Dabei Gas Field.Clarifying the characteristics,controlling factors,evolution and distribution of the high-quality reservoirs is important for the deployment of"sweet spots".An integrated approach of petrography,SEM,cathode luminescence,XRD,physical property,NMR experiment,well logs and 3D pre-stack depth migration data was carried out.This study examined the sedimentation,diagenesis,tectonism,gypsumrock and overpressure to reveal the formation and distribution of the high-quality reservoirs.The sandstones are very fine-to coarse-grained lithic arkose.The variation in detrital grains texture and mineralogical composition affects diagenetic evolution,pore structure and gas-bearing characteristic.Three diagenetic facies(diagenetic facies A to C)are classified.Different diagenetic facies underwent different evolution of reservoir quality.The medium-fine to medium-grained lithic arkose(diagenetic facies A)underwent medium vertical compaction,tectonic compression and cementation,and exhibited relatively porous,which makes partial primary pores preserved with the occurrence and persistence of overpressure.Conversely,the very fine to fine-grained and mud gravel-rich medium-grained lithic arkose(diagenetic facies B)and diagenetic facies C appeared premature densification by strong compaction and tight carbonate cementation,respectively,which makes them free from overpressure effects.Natural fractures increased the permeability by several orders of magnitude.Gypsum-rock weakened the vertical compaction and tectonic compression,and delayed cementation,promoted and preserved overpressure.With the injection of internal high alkaline fluids,anhydrite/dolomite cements/veins and dissolution of siliceous developed.Diagenetic facies A exhibited sufficient physical properties and gas volume,making it the high-quality reservoir in tight gas sandstone.Diagenetic facies B and C mainly were used as barriers for hydrocarbon charging.Diagenetic facies A was mainly distributed in the middle-lower part of distributary channel or the middle-upper part of mouth bar.This distribution model provides guidance for exploration in ultra-deep tight sandstone gas reservoir. 展开更多
关键词 Ultra-deep Tight sandstonegas reservoir Diagenetic facies High-qualityreservoir Characteristic and controlling factors Evolutionand distribution
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Spatial Patterns and Controlling Factors of Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen in the Three River Headwaters Region,China 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 CUI Qiao LI Zongxing +2 位作者 FENG Qi ZHANG Baijuan ZHAO Yue 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2025年第1期131-148,共18页
The alpine ecosystem has great potential for carbon sequestration.Soil organic carbon(SOC)and total nitrogen(TN)are highly sensitive to climate change,and their dynamics are crucial to revealing the effect of climate ... The alpine ecosystem has great potential for carbon sequestration.Soil organic carbon(SOC)and total nitrogen(TN)are highly sensitive to climate change,and their dynamics are crucial to revealing the effect of climate change on the structure,function,and services of the ecosystem.However,the spatial distribution and controlling factors of SOC and TN across various soil layers and vegetation types within this unique ecosystem remain inadequately understood.In this study,256 soil samples in 89 sites were collected from the Three River Headwaters Region(TRHR)in China to investigate SOC and TN and to explore the primary factors affecting their distribution,including soil,vegetation,climate,and geography factors.The results show that SOC and TN contents in 0-20,20-40,40-60,and 60-80 cm soil layers are 24.40,18.03,14.04,12.40 g/kg and 2.46,1.90,1.51,1.17 g/kg,respectively;with higher concentrations observed in the southeastern region compared to the northwest of the TRHR.One-way analysis of variance reveals that SOC and TN levels are elevated in the alpine meadow and the alpine shrub relative to the alpine steppe in the 0-60 cm soil layers.The structural equation model explores that soil water content is the main controlling factor affecting the variation of SOC and TN.Moreover,the geography,climate,and vegetation factors notably indirectly affect SOC and TN through soil factors.Therefore,it can effectively improve soil water and nutrient conditions through vegetation restoration,soil improvement,and grazing management,and the change of SOC and TN can be fully understood by establishing monitoring networks to better protect soil carbon and nitrogen. 展开更多
关键词 controlling factors different soil layers soil organic carbon(SOC) soil total nitrogen(TN) alpine ecosystem the Three River Headwaters Region(TRHR),China
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Differential hydrocarbon enrichment and its major controlling factors in the southern Tethys Domain 认领 引用
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作者 BAI Guoping JIN Zhijun +4 位作者 HE Zhiliang ZHANG Guangya YIN Jinyin ZHU Houqin LYU Xueyan 《Petroleum Exploration and Development》 SCIE 2025年第6期1439-1455,共17页
Using the latest global datasets of hydrocarbon fields and reservoirs,this study systematically investigates the characteristics of differential hydrocarbon enrichment and its primary controlling factors in the southe... Using the latest global datasets of hydrocarbon fields and reservoirs,this study systematically investigates the characteristics of differential hydrocarbon enrichment and its primary controlling factors in the southern Tethys Domain within the context of Tethys tectonic evolution.The results indicate that although the southern Tethys Domain comprises only one-third of the Tethys Domain in areal extent,it hosts nearly 80%of its total hydrocarbon reserves,exhibiting a markedly uneven distribution pattern.Specifically,the Middle East sub-segment is identified as the core enrichment area,with the Arabian Basin serving as a typical example.Through tectonic subdivision,classification of sedimentary basins,analysis of source rock distribution and reservoir-seal assemblages,as well as an integrated investigation of the relationship between succeeding paleo-uplifts and hydrocarbon enrichment,the study demonstrates that the superimposition patterns of prototype basins,the scale and distribution of source rocks,the effectiveness of reservoir-seal assemblages,and the basement paleo-uplifts are the key factors governing hydrocarbon enrichment in the southern Tethys Domain.The findings of this study provide valuable references for deeper understanding of hydrocarbon accumulation patterns in the central and northern Tethys Domain and even other global regions with similar geological settings,and offer a scientific basis for selection of favorable play fairways in the southern Tethys Domain. 展开更多
关键词 Tethys Domain Persian Gulf Arabian Basin differential hydrocarbon enrichment prototype basin source-reservoir-seal assemblage paleo-uplift hydrocarbon enrichment controlling factor
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Differential Hydrocarbon Enrichment and its Main Controlling Factors in Depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin Differential Hydrocarbon Enrichment and its Main Controlling Factors in Depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin 认领 引用 被引量：17
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作者 JIANG Youlu LIU Hua +4 位作者 SONG Guoqi WANG Yongshi LIU Jingdong ZHAO Kai LYU Xueying 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第5期1855-1872,共18页
Significant differential hydrocarbon enrichment occurs in depressions in a petroliferous basin.There are multiple depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin, and each depression as a relatively independent unit of hydrocarbon... Significant differential hydrocarbon enrichment occurs in depressions in a petroliferous basin.There are multiple depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin, and each depression as a relatively independent unit of hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation, contains significantly different hydrocarbon generation conditions and enrichment degree. On the basis of previous documents and a large number of statistical data, this work comparatively analyzed the differential hydrocarbon enrichment and its major controlling factors in depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin. The results show that depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin have various hydrocarbon enrichment degrees, and can be categorized into four types, namely enormously oil-rich, oil-rich, oily and oil-poor depressions. In general, the enormously oil-rich and oil-rich depressions are distributed in the eastern part of the basin along the Tan-Lu and Lan-Liao faults, whereas depressions in the western part of the basin are poor in hydrocarbons. Moreover, the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons is also highly heterogeneous, with Pre-Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the northern and western depressions, Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the entire basin, and Neogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the off-shore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin. From early depressions in onshore areas to the late depressions in offshore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin, the source rocks and source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages gradually become younger and shallower, and the hydrocarbon resource abundance gradually increases. Hydrocarbon supplying condition is the key factor constraining the hydrocarbon enrichment for different depressions,while the main source-reservoir-cap rock assemblage, sufficient hydrocarbons and the transportation capacity of faults control the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons. The main factors controlling hydrocarbon enrichment are different for different layers. The hydrocarbon supplying condition of source rocks is the key controlling factor, whereas the source-reservoir configuration, the main sourcereservoir-cap rock assemblages, and the fault transportation are the main factors of hydrocarbon enrichment in the Paleogene, Paleogene and Neogene, respectively. 展开更多
关键词 differential hydrocarbon enrichment hydrocarbon distribution hydrocarbon-rich depression fault transportation main controlling factors Bohai Bay Basin
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Controlling factors of marine shale gas differential enrichment in southern China 认领 引用 被引量：20
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作者 JIANG Zhenxue SONG Yan +8 位作者 TANG Xianglu LI Zhuo WANG Xingmeng WANG Guozhen XUE Zixin LI Xin ZHANG Kun CHANG Jiaqi QIU Hengyuan 《Petroleum Exploration and Development》 SCIE 2020年第3期661-673,共13页
Based on the exploration and development practice of marine shale gas in Fuling, Weiyuan, Changning, Luzhou and Southeast Chongqing in southern China, combined with experiments and analysis, six factors controlling di... Based on the exploration and development practice of marine shale gas in Fuling, Weiyuan, Changning, Luzhou and Southeast Chongqing in southern China, combined with experiments and analysis, six factors controlling differential enrichment of marine shale gas are summarized as follows:(1) The more appropriate thermal evolution and the higher the abundance of organic matter, the higher the adsorption and total gas content of shale will be.(2) Kerogen pyrolysis and liquid hydrocarbon cracking provide most of the marine shale gas.(3) The specific surface area and pore volume of organic matter rich shale increased first and then decreased with the increase of thermal evolution degree of organic shale. At Ro between 2.23% and 3.33%, the shale reservoirs are mainly oil-wet, which is conducive to the enrichment of shale gas.(4) The thicker the roof and floor, the higher the shale gas content. The longer the last tectonic uplift time and the greater the uplift amplitude, the greater the loss of shale gas will be.(5) The buried depth and dip angle of the stratum have different controlling and coupling effects on shale gas in different tectonic positions, resulting in two differential enrichment models of shale gas.(6) The effective and comprehensive matching of source, reservoir and preservation conditions determines the quality of shale gas accumulation. Good match of effective gas generating amount and time, moderate pore evolution and good preservation conditions in space and time is essential for the enrichment of shale gas. 展开更多
关键词 southern China shale gas differential enrichment main controlling factors factors matching accumulation effect
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Diurnal and Seasonal Variations of CO2Fluxes and Their Climate Controlling Factors for a Subtropical Forest in Ningxiang 认领 引用 被引量：14
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作者 JIA Binghao XIE Zhenghui +4 位作者 ZENG Yujin WANG Linying WANG Yuanyuan XIE Jinbo XIE Zhipeng 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第4期553-564,共12页
In this study, the diurnal and seasonal variations of CO2 fluxes in a subtropical mixed evergreen forest in Ningxiang of Hunan Province, part of the East Asian monsoon region, were quantified for the first time. The f... In this study, the diurnal and seasonal variations of CO2 fluxes in a subtropical mixed evergreen forest in Ningxiang of Hunan Province, part of the East Asian monsoon region, were quantified for the first time. The fluxes were based on eddy covariance measurements from a newly initiated flux tower. The relationship between the CO2 fluxes and climate factors was also analyzed. The results showed that the target ecosystem appeared to be a clear carbon sink in 2013, with integrated net ecosystem CO2exchange（NEE）, ecosystem respiration（RE）, and gross ecosystem productivity（GEP） of-428.8, 1534.8 and1963.6 g C m^-2yr^-1, respectively. The net carbon uptake（i.e. the-NEE）, RE and GEP showed obvious seasonal variability,and were lower in winter and under drought conditions and higher in the growing season. The minimum NEE occurred on12 June（-7.4 g C m^-2d^-1）, due mainly to strong radiation, adequate moisture, and moderate temperature; while a very low net CO2 uptake occurred in August（9 g C m^-2month^-1）, attributable to extreme summer drought. In addition, the NEE and GEP showed obvious diurnal variability that changed with the seasons. In winter, solar radiation and temperature were the main controlling factors for GEP, while the soil water content and vapor pressure deficit were the controlling factors in summer. Furthermore, the daytime NEE was mainly limited by the water-stress effect under dry and warm atmospheric conditions, rather than by the direct temperature-stress effect. 展开更多
关键词 net ecosystem exchange diurnal and seasonal variations climate controlling factors subtropical mixed forest East Asian monsoon r
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Controlling Factors of Organic Nanopore Development: A Case Study on Marine Shale in the Middle and Upper Yangtze Region, South China 认领 引用 被引量：9
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作者 LIANG Feng ZHANG Qin +4 位作者 CUI Huiying MENG Qingqiang MA Chao LIANG Pingping GUO Wei 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第4期1047-1059,共13页
The Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi and the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi shales are the major targets for shale gas exploration and development in China.Although the two organic-rich shales share similar ... The Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi and the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi shales are the major targets for shale gas exploration and development in China.Although the two organic-rich shales share similar distribution ranges and thicknesses,they exhibit substantially different exploration and development results.This work analyzed the nanopore structures of the shale reservoirs in this region.Pore development of 51 shale samples collected from various formations and locations was compared using the petromineralogical,geochemical,structural geological and reservoir geological methods.The results indicate that the reservoir space in these shales is dominated by organic pores and the total pore volume of micropores,mesopores,macropores in different tectonic areas and formations show different trends with the increase of TOC.It is suggested that organic pores of shale can be well preserved in areas with simple structure and suitable preservation conditions,and the shale with smaller maximum ancient burial depth and later hydrocarbongeneration-end-time is also more conducive to pore preservation.Organic pore evolution models are established,and they are as follows:①Organic matter pore development stage,②Early stage of organic matter pore destruction,and③late stage of organic matter pore destruction.The areas conducive to pore development are favorable for shale gas development.Research results can effectively guide the optimization and evaluation of favorable areas of shale gas. 展开更多
关键词 marine shale organic matter pores controlling factors pore evolution middle-upper Yangtze regions South China
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Gully erosion spatial modelling: Role of machine learning algorithms in selection of the best controlling factors and modelling process 认领 引用 被引量：12
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作者 Hamid Reza Pourghasemi Nitheshnirmal Sadhasivam +1 位作者 Narges Kariminejad Adrian L.Collins 《Geoscience Frontiers》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2020年第6期2207-2219,共13页
This investigation assessed the efficacy of 10 widely used machine learning algorithms(MLA)comprising the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),generalized linear model(GLM),stepwise generalized linea... This investigation assessed the efficacy of 10 widely used machine learning algorithms(MLA)comprising the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),generalized linear model(GLM),stepwise generalized linear model(SGLM),elastic net(ENET),partial least square(PLS),ridge regression,support vector machine(SVM),classification and regression trees(CART),bagged CART,and random forest(RF)for gully erosion susceptibility mapping(GESM)in Iran.The location of 462 previously existing gully erosion sites were mapped through widespread field investigations,of which 70%(323)and 30%(139)of observations were arbitrarily divided for algorithm calibration and validation.Twelve controlling factors for gully erosion,namely,soil texture,annual mean rainfall,digital elevation model(DEM),drainage density,slope,lithology,topographic wetness index(TWI),distance from rivers,aspect,distance from roads,plan curvature,and profile curvature were ranked in terms of their importance using each MLA.The MLA were compared using a training dataset for gully erosion and statistical measures such as RMSE(root mean square error),MAE(mean absolute error),and R-squared.Based on the comparisons among MLA,the RF algorithm exhibited the minimum RMSE and MAE and the maximum value of R-squared,and was therefore selected as the best model.The variable importance evaluation using the RF model revealed that distance from rivers had the highest significance in influencing the occurrence of gully erosion whereas plan curvature had the least importance.According to the GESM generated using RF,most of the study area is predicted to have a low(53.72%)or moderate(29.65%)susceptibility to gully erosion,whereas only a small area is identified to have a high(12.56%)or very high(4.07%)susceptibility.The outcome generated by RF model is validated using the ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristics)curve approach,which returned an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.985,proving the excellent forecasting ability of the model.The GESM prepared using the RF algorithm can aid decision-makers in targeting remedial actions for minimizing the damage caused by gully erosion. 展开更多
关键词 Machine learning algorithm Gully erosion Random forest Controlling factors Variable importance
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Differences and controlling factors of composite hydrocarbon accumulations in the Tazhong uplift, Tarim Basin, NW China 认领 引用 被引量：12
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作者 JIANG Tongwen HAN Jianfa +5 位作者 WU Guanghui YU Hongfeng SU Zhou XIONG Chang CHEN Jun ZHANG Huifang 《Petroleum Exploration and Development》 SCIE 2020年第2期229-241,共13页
Based on three-dimensional seismic interpretation, structural and sedimentary feature analysis, and examination of fluid properties and production dynamics, the regularity and main controlling factors of hydrocarbon a... Based on three-dimensional seismic interpretation, structural and sedimentary feature analysis, and examination of fluid properties and production dynamics, the regularity and main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Tazhong uplift, Tarim Basin are investigated. The results show that the oil and gas in the Tazhong uplift has the characteristics of complex accumulation mainly controlled by faults, and more than 80% of the oil and gas reserves are enriched along fault zones. There are large thrust and strike-slip faults in the Tazhong uplift, and the coupling relationship between the formation and evolution of the faults and accumulation determine the difference in complex oil and gas accumulations. The active scale and stage of faults determine the fullness of the traps and the balance of the phase, that is, the blocking of the transport system, the insufficient filling of oil and gas, and the unsteady state of fluid accumulation are dependent on the faults. The multi-period tectonic sedimentary evolution controls the differences of trap conditions in the fault zones, and the multi-phase hydrocarbon migration and accumulation causes the differences of fluid distribution in the fault zones. The theory of differential oil and gas accumulation controlled by fault is the key to the overall evaluation, three-dimensional development and discovery of new reserves in the Tazhong uplift. 展开更多
关键词 Tarim Basin Tazhong uplift fault zone complex oil and gas accumulation oil and gas distribution difference main controlling factor
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Features and Controlling Factors of Epigenic Karstification of the Ordovician Carbonates in Akekule Arch,Tarim Basin 认领 引用 被引量：7
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作者 陈强路 赵永强 +2 位作者 李国蓉 储呈林 王斌 《Journal of Earth Science》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2012年第4期506-515,共10页
ABSTRACT： Tabei （塔北） uplift is an area with the highest hydrocarbon enrichment in Tarim basin, and large oilfields have been found on Akekule （阿克库勒） arch at the middle section of Tabei uplift, with Ordovici... ABSTRACT： Tabei （塔北） uplift is an area with the highest hydrocarbon enrichment in Tarim basin, and large oilfields have been found on Akekule （阿克库勒） arch at the middle section of Tabei uplift, with Ordovician carbonate reservoirs. Storage space of the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Akekule arch are mainly caves, pores and fractures resulted from dissolution and/or karstification. The Ordovician carbonate reservoirs are affected and modified by the diagenetie process in penecontemporaneous, epigenetic and burial periods and the multi-stage karstification related with deep hydrothermal activities, among which the most significant effect is from the meteoric water karstification related to the tectonic uplift from the end of Middle Ordovician to the end of Late Ordovician （end of O2-end of 03） and at the end of Middle Devonian （end of D2）. Varied palacogeologic settings and tectonic features at different geologic periods lead to different fluid flowing patterns, karstification mechanisms and transformation features in different regions, which further influence the reservoir distribution. The paleo-uplifts at different periods, such as end of O2-end of 03 and end of D2, control the dominant development zones of karstification; the paleogeomorphology and faults resulted from tectonic uplift control the flowing depth of the karst fluid; and the lithology controls the position and extent of karst development. 展开更多
关键词 epigenic karstification carbonate rock Ordovician controlling factor Akekule arch,Tarim basin.
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Controlling factors and models of shale oil enrichment in Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation,Mahu Sag,Junggar Basin,NW China 认领 引用 被引量：9
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作者 JIANG Fujie HU Meiling +8 位作者 HU Tao LYU Jiahao HUANG Liliang LIU Chenglin JIANG Zhenxue HUANG Renda ZHANG Chenxi WU Guanyun WU Yuping 《Petroleum Exploration and Development》 SCIE 2023年第4期812-825,共14页
Based on the combination of core observation,experimental analysis and testingand geological analysis,the main controlling factors of shale oil enrichment in the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag of th... Based on the combination of core observation,experimental analysis and testingand geological analysis,the main controlling factors of shale oil enrichment in the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag of the Junggar Basin are clarified,and a shale oil enrichment model is established.The results show that the enrichment of shale oil in the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag is controlled by the organic abundance,organic type,reservoir capacity and the amount of migration hydrocarbon in shale.The abundance of organic matter provides the material basis for shale oil enrichment,and the shales containing typesⅠandⅡorganic matters have good oil content.The reservoir capacity controls shale oil enrichment.Macropores are the main space for shale oil enrichment in the Fengcheng Formation,and pore size and fracture scale directly control the degree of shale oil enrichment.The migration of hydrocarbons in shale affects shale oil enrichment.The shale that has expelled hydrocarbons has poor oil content,while the shale that has received hydrocarbons migrated from other strata has good oil content.Lithofacies reflect the hydrocarbon generation and storage capacity comprehensively.The laminated felsic shale,laminated lime-dolomitic shale and thick-layered felsic shale have good oil content,and they are favorable lithofacies for shale oil enrichment.Under the control of these factors,relative migration of hydrocarbons occurred within the Fengcheng shale,which leads to the the difference in the enrichment process of shale oil.Accordingly,the enrichment mode of shale oil in Fengcheng Formation is established as"in-situ enrichment"and"migration enrichment".By superimposing favorable lithofacies and main controlling factors of enrichment,the sweet spot of shale oil in the Fengcheng Formation can be selected which has great significance for the exploration and development of shale oil. 展开更多
关键词 Junggar Basin Mahu Sag Permian Fengcheng Formation shale oil enrichment controlling factors enrichment model lithofacies
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Characteristics and dominant controlling factors of gas outburst in Huaibei coalfield and its countermeasures 认领 引用 被引量：9
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作者 Wang Haifeng Wang Liang +1 位作者 Cheng Yuanping Zhou Hongxing 《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》 EI CAS 2013年第4期578-583,共6页
In order to master the main characteristics and controlling factors of gas disasters in Huaibei coalfeld,based on data analysis,experimental determination and theoretical research,we analyzed the geological evolution ... In order to master the main characteristics and controlling factors of gas disasters in Huaibei coalfeld,based on data analysis,experimental determination and theoretical research,we analyzed the geological evolution and gas parameters in Huaibei mining area.The results show that Huaibei coalfeld is located in Xu-Su arcuate tectonic circle,and the coal seam and gas occurrence took on bipolar-distribution.The dominant controlling factors of gas outburst were tectonic structures,tectonic stress,magma intrusion and mining depth.The geological conditions of Huaibei coalfeld were very complicated,and almost all the outburst accidents occurred in tectonic structure zones.The horizontal tectonic stress played a dominant role in outburst accident.The thermal evolution and trap effect of magma intrusion controlled the physical characteristics of coal,gas occurrence and outburst.With the increase of mining depth,the possibility of gas outburst accidents increased signifcantly.After carrying out several effective regional measurements,the gas control effect was obvious and could ensure safety and high effciency mining in outburst coal seams. 展开更多
关键词 Huaibei coalfield Coal and gas outburst Tectonic stress Magma intrusion Dominant controlling factor Countermeasure
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Spatial variability and its main controlling factors of the permafrost soil-moisture on the northern-slope of Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 认领 引用 被引量：6
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作者 cao wei sheng yu +1 位作者 wu ji-chun li jing 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第12期2406-2419,共14页
The soil moisture movement is an important carrier of material cycle and energy flow among the various geo-spheres in the cold regions.Thus, this research takes the north slope of Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai-Tibet ... The soil moisture movement is an important carrier of material cycle and energy flow among the various geo-spheres in the cold regions.Thus, this research takes the north slope of Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a case study.The present study firstly investigates the change of permafrost moisture in different slope positions and depths. Based on this investigation, this article attempts to investigate the spatial variability of permafrost moisture and identifies the key influence factors in different terrain conditions. The method of classification and regression tree(CART) is adopted to identify the main controlling factors influencing the soil moisture movement. The relationships between soil moisture and environmental factors are revealed by the use of the method of canonical correspondence analysis(CCA). The results show that: 1) Due to the terrain slope and the freezing-thawing process, the horizontal flow weakens in the freezing period. The vertical migration of the soil moisture movement strengthens. It will lead to that the soil-moisture content in the up-slope is higher than that in the down-slope. The conclusion is contrary during the melting period. 2) Elevation, soil texture, soil temperature and vegetation coverage are the main environmental factors which affect the slopepermafrost soil-moisture. 3) Slope, elevation and vegetation coverage are the main factors that affect the slope-permafrost soil-moisture at the shallow depth of 0-20 cm. It is complex at the middle and lower depth. 展开更多
关键词 Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Northern-slope of Bayan Har Mountains Permafrost Soil moisture Spatial variability Controlling factors
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Controlling Factors and Accumulation Model of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in the Upper Cretaceous Yogou Formation, Koulele Area, Termit Basin, Niger 认领 引用 被引量：4
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作者 Xuying Wang Lunkun Wan +6 位作者 Zaixing Jiang Ruohan Liu Xiabin Wang Wangxin Tang Yi Gao Shengqian Liu Wenmao Xu 《Journal of Earth Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第6期1126-1134,共9页
Based on the sedimentary and tectonic background of the Termit Basin, this paper focuses on the Upper Cretaceous Yogou Formation and uses organic geochemistry, logging, oil testing and seismic data to analyze the prim... Based on the sedimentary and tectonic background of the Termit Basin, this paper focuses on the Upper Cretaceous Yogou Formation and uses organic geochemistry, logging, oil testing and seismic data to analyze the primary control factors of the hydrocarbon accumulation and establish corresponding model in order to predict favorable exploration target zones of hydrocarbon reservoirs. This study demonstrates that the Upper Cretaceous Yogou Formation is a self-generation and self-accumulation type reservoir. The Yogou Formation hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Koulele area are controlled by four factors：（1） the source rock is controlled by a wide range of YS1-YS2 marine shale,（2） the sandstone reservoir is controlled by the YS3 underwater distributary channel and storm dunes,（3） migration of hydrocarbons is controlled by faults and the regional monocline structure, and（4） the accumulation of hydrocarbons is controlled by lateral seal. The structures in the western Koulele area are primarily reverse fault-blocks with large throws, and the structures in the east are dominantly fault-blocks with small throws（co-rotating and reverse） and a fault-nose. In the western Koulele area, where the facies are dominated by storm dunes on a larger scale, it is easier to form lithologic reservoirs of sandstone lens. In the eastern Koulele area, high-quality channel sandstone reservoirs, fault-blocks with small throws, and the monocline structure benefit for the formation of updip pinch out lithologic traps, fault lithologic reservoirs and fault-nose structural reservoirs. Future exploration targets should be focused in the western storm dunes zone and eastern distributary channel sand zone with small fault-blocks. 展开更多
关键词 hydrocarbon reservoirs controlling factors accumulation model Koulele area Yogou Formation
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Major controlling factors and hydrocarbon accumulation models of large-scale lithologic reservoirs in shallow strata around the Bozhong sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China 认领 引用 被引量：5
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作者 ZHOU Xinhuai WANG Deying +2 位作者 YU Haibo YANG Haifeng LI Long 《Petroleum Exploration and Development》 SCIE 2022年第4期758-769,共12页
Based on the practice of oil and gas exploration and the analysis of shallow lithologic reservoirs,combined with the allocation relationship and enrichment law of oil and gas accumulation factors,main controlling fact... Based on the practice of oil and gas exploration and the analysis of shallow lithologic reservoirs,combined with the allocation relationship and enrichment law of oil and gas accumulation factors,main controlling factors and models of hydrocarbon accumulation of large lithologic reservoirs in shallow strata around the Bozhong sag are summarized,and favorable exploration areas are proposed.The coupling of the four factors of“ridge-fault-sand-zone”is crucial for the hydrocarbon enrichment in the shallow lithologic reservoirs.The convergence intensity of deep convergence ridges is the basis for shallow oil and gas enrichment,the activity intensity of large fault cutting ridges and the thickness of cap rocks control the vertical migration ability of oil and gas,the coupling degree of large sand bodies and fault cutting ridges control large-scale oil and gas filling,the fault sealing ability of structural stress concentration zones affects the enrichment degree of lithologic oil and gas reservoirs.Three enrichment models including uplift convergence type,steep slope sand convergence type and depression uplift convergence type are established through the case study of lithologic reservoirs in shallow strata around the Bozhong sag. 展开更多
关键词 shallow lithologic reservoir main controlling factors convergence ridge accumulation model Bozhong sag Bohai Bay Basin
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Simulation for the Controlling Factors of Structural Deformation in the Southern Margin of the Junggar Basin 认领 引用 被引量：4
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作者 YU Fusheng LI Xiaojian +2 位作者 LI Dinghua FENG Zicheng LI Xueliang 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第4期842-853,共12页
According to the differences of structural deformation characteristics, the southern margin of the Junggar basin can be divided into two segments from east to west. Arcnate thrust-and-fold belts that protrude to the n... According to the differences of structural deformation characteristics, the southern margin of the Junggar basin can be divided into two segments from east to west. Arcnate thrust-and-fold belts that protrude to the north are developed in the eastern segment. There are three rows of en echelon thrust-and-fold belts in the western segment. Thrust and fold structures of basement-involved styles are developed in the first row, and decollement fold structures are formed from the second row to the third row. In order to study the factors controlling the deformation of structures, sand-box experiments have been devised to simulate the evolution of plane and profile deformation. The planar simulation results indicate that the orthogonal compression coming from Bogeda Mountain and the oblique compression with an angle of 75° between the stress and the boundary originating from North Tianshan were responsible for the deformation differences between the eastern part and the western part. The Miquan-Uriimqi fault in the basement is the pre-existing condition for generating fragments from east to west. The profile simulation results show that the main factors controlling the deformation in the eastern part are related to the decollement of Jurassic coal beds alone, while those controlling the deformation in the western segment are related to both the Jurassic coal beds and the Eogene clay beds. The total amount of shortening from the Yaomoshan anticline to the Gumudi anticline in the eastern part is -19.57 km as estimated from the simulation results, and the shortening rate is about 36.46%; that from the Qingshuihe anticline to the Anjihai anticline in the western part is -22.01 km as estimated by the simulation results, with a shortening rate of about 32.48%. These estimated values obtained from the model results are very close to the values calculated by means of the balanced cross section. 展开更多
关键词 characteristics of deformation thrust-and-fold belt decollement structure controlling factor sand-box simulation southern margin of the Junggar basin
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