针对传统测频系统灵活性较差、测频性能受限等问题,提出一种基于坐标旋转数字计算(coordinate rotation digital computer,CORDIC)算法的高精度瞬时测频现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)实现方案。采用正交混频设计,利用CORDIC算法在向量模式下...针对传统测频系统灵活性较差、测频性能受限等问题,提出一种基于坐标旋转数字计算(coordinate rotation digital computer,CORDIC)算法的高精度瞬时测频现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)实现方案。采用正交混频设计,利用CORDIC算法在向量模式下求解信号的幅度和相位,构建了基于FPGA的瞬时测频系统。重点分析了信噪比、多点平均累加点数以及量化位数对测频误差的影响,并对测频算法进行了优化。CORDIC算法采用9级流水线迭代结构,时域测频采用8点平均相位差分,以降低瞬时测频误差。经仿真及测试验证,该测频系统在20~100 MHz范围内的测频绝对误差小于0.1 MHz,具有较高的测量精度与可靠性。该系统具备单频信号的高精度快速测频能力,能够满足电子战接收机对瞬时测频的要求。展开更多
To overcome the drawbacks such as irregular circuit construction and low system throughput that exist in conventional methods, a new factor correction scheme for coordinate rotation digital computer( CORDIC) algorit...To overcome the drawbacks such as irregular circuit construction and low system throughput that exist in conventional methods, a new factor correction scheme for coordinate rotation digital computer( CORDIC) algorithm is proposed. Based on the relationship between the iteration formulae, a new iteration formula is introduced, which leads the correction operation to be several simple shifting and adding operations. As one key part, the effects caused by rounding error are analyzed mathematically and it is concluded that the effects can be degraded by an appropriate selection of coefficients in the iteration formula. The model is then set up in Matlab and coded in Verilog HDL language. The proposed algorithm is also synthesized and verified in field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The results show that this new scheme requires only one additional clock cycle and there is no change in the elementary iteration for the same precision compared with the conventional algorithm. In addition, the circuit realization is regular and the change in system throughput is very minimal.展开更多
It is an important problem that we implement floating point trigonometric functions of high precision with suitable hardware cost for high performance in digit image processing. The coordinate rotational digital compu...It is an important problem that we implement floating point trigonometric functions of high precision with suitable hardware cost for high performance in digit image processing. The coordinate rotational digital computer (CORDIC) arithmetic to is used to solve the above problem in this paper. In order to increase the speed of operation, it chooses the pipeline architecture. The results are disposed by IEEE-754 standard. The CORDIC architecture is modeled by using the verilog HDL and verified with MATLAB program and ModelSim 6.2SE tool. A 32 bits radix-2 CORDIC architecture was implemented on the available FPGA platform. The entire CORDIC architecture operated at 126.34 MHz of clock rate with a power consumption of 318.56 mW. Its theoretical background, procedures, simulation results and conclusions are presented in this paper.展开更多
The implementation of the coordinate rotational digital computer (CORDIC) algorithm with wave pipelining technique on field programmable gate array (FPGA) is described. All data in FPGA-based wave pipelining pass ...The implementation of the coordinate rotational digital computer (CORDIC) algorithm with wave pipelining technique on field programmable gate array (FPGA) is described. All data in FPGA-based wave pipelining pass through a number of logic gates, in the same way that all data pass through the same number of registers in a conventional pipeline. Moreover, all paths are routed using identical routing resources. The manual placement, timing driven routing and timing analyzing techniques are applied to optimize the layout for achieving good path balance. Experimental results show that a 256-LUT logic depth circuit mapped on XC4VLX15-12 runs as high as 330 MHz, whichis a little lower than the speed of 336 MHz based on the conventional 16-stage pipelining in the same chip. The latency of the wave pipelining circuit is 30.3 ns, which is 36.4% shorter than the latency of 16-stage conventional pipelining circuit.展开更多
本文针对传统坐标旋转数字计算机(Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer,CORDIC)算法存在时延长、资源消耗多等问题,提出一种低时延小容量查找表的新型CORDIC实现方案。通过创新性设计,显著优化了算法的时序性能与硬件资源消耗。该方...本文针对传统坐标旋转数字计算机(Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer,CORDIC)算法存在时延长、资源消耗多等问题,提出一种低时延小容量查找表的新型CORDIC实现方案。通过创新性设计,显著优化了算法的时序性能与硬件资源消耗。该方法摒弃传统迭代运算,仅需要构建小容量ROM表,结合简单位移操作,即可实现高精度三角函数输出。经Matlab理论仿真与ModelSim数字验证,该方法处理延迟压缩至2个时钟周期,并且在资源占有率和精度方面也有显著提升,具有一定的理论与实用价值。展开更多
固定角度旋转的CORDIC(Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer)算法已经广泛的应用于高速数字信号处理、图像处理、机器人学等领域.针对固定角度旋转CORDIC算法在相位旋转过程中,存在数据吞吐率较高、占用硬件资源较多且资源消耗量大等...固定角度旋转的CORDIC(Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer)算法已经广泛的应用于高速数字信号处理、图像处理、机器人学等领域.针对固定角度旋转CORDIC算法在相位旋转过程中,存在数据吞吐率较高、占用硬件资源较多且资源消耗量大等缺点,提出了利用混合CORDIC算法,将角度旋转分为单向角度旋转和一次角度估计旋转两部分.本文根据欠阻尼理论,将固定角度旋转采用单向旋转CORDIC算法实现,减少了流水线的级数和迭代符号位的判决,然后通过对角度估计旋转的二进制表示,修正常数因子,再根据角度映射关系进行相关处理,完成高速高精度坐标旋转.最后在硬件平台上进行了仿真实验.实验结果表明,在误差范围一定的前提下,混合算法进一步的减少了迭代次数,并且资源消耗较低,提高了数据吞吐率.展开更多
开平方运算广泛应用于数值分析、调制解调、图像处理等领域,而应用坐标旋转数字计算(Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer,CORDIC)进行平方根运算是一种新应用.基本CORDIC算法精度必须用迭代次数作保证,而较多的迭代次数会导致时延过...开平方运算广泛应用于数值分析、调制解调、图像处理等领域,而应用坐标旋转数字计算(Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer,CORDIC)进行平方根运算是一种新应用.基本CORDIC算法精度必须用迭代次数作保证,而较多的迭代次数会导致时延过大等问题,通过运用建立查找表、单向旋转、合并迭代和免除补偿因子等手段,提出一种能够免去大部分迭代运算的改进CORDIC算法用于平方根计算.相较于基本算法计算平方根,该改进算法使用了一半的时钟周期便能得到输出结果,大大减少了输出时延,而且可以达到较高的计算精度,更加适合实时性要求高的应用场合.展开更多
针对传统串行坐标旋转数字计算方法(CORDIC)耗时且占用较多资源的缺点,提出了一种旋转模式下CORDIC算法的新型改进算法,该改进算法可用来代替直接数字频率合成器(DDS)查找表进行正余弦的计算。通过采用贪婪算法实现对CORDIC旋转方向与...针对传统串行坐标旋转数字计算方法(CORDIC)耗时且占用较多资源的缺点,提出了一种旋转模式下CORDIC算法的新型改进算法,该改进算法可用来代替直接数字频率合成器(DDS)查找表进行正余弦的计算。通过采用贪婪算法实现对CORDIC旋转方向与旋转角度的优化,从而可以达到串行转并行和减少迭代次数、节约资源的目的。该算法可以应用于三角函数的复杂函数的硬件实现中。仿真结果表明,在迭代次数相同的情况下,改进算法较传统算法可以获得更高的精度。最后,在Xilinx FPGA的Spartan-3E芯片上实现了改进的CORDIC结构。与传统CORDIC算法相比,在运算精度为10-5时,可以节省Slices、LUTs(Look Up Tables)资源分别为28%和25%。展开更多
为了对流水线结构的坐标旋转数字计算(Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer,CORDIC)的实现时延和硬件资源消耗进行优化,提出一种仅基于查找表的新的实现方法,完全免除了迭代运算.该方法只需要一个较低容量的ROM表,以及对ROM表输出结...为了对流水线结构的坐标旋转数字计算(Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer,CORDIC)的实现时延和硬件资源消耗进行优化,提出一种仅基于查找表的新的实现方法,完全免除了迭代运算.该方法只需要一个较低容量的ROM表,以及对ROM表输出结果进行简单的移位运算,即可得到高精度的正弦波或余弦波输出.分别在Matlab、Modelsim以及XILINX ISE进行了理论仿真及实际验证,结果表明:这种CORDIC实现方法只需要2个时钟周期的处理延时,硬件资源消耗与其他实现方法相比也有所降低,最大工作频率也有一定提高.展开更多
基金The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program)(No.2007AA01Z280)
摘要To overcome the drawbacks such as irregular circuit construction and low system throughput that exist in conventional methods, a new factor correction scheme for coordinate rotation digital computer( CORDIC) algorithm is proposed. Based on the relationship between the iteration formulae, a new iteration formula is introduced, which leads the correction operation to be several simple shifting and adding operations. As one key part, the effects caused by rounding error are analyzed mathematically and it is concluded that the effects can be degraded by an appropriate selection of coefficients in the iteration formula. The model is then set up in Matlab and coded in Verilog HDL language. The proposed algorithm is also synthesized and verified in field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The results show that this new scheme requires only one additional clock cycle and there is no change in the elementary iteration for the same precision compared with the conventional algorithm. In addition, the circuit realization is regular and the change in system throughput is very minimal.
基金supported by the Shanghai AM Foundation(Grant No.09700714000)
摘要It is an important problem that we implement floating point trigonometric functions of high precision with suitable hardware cost for high performance in digit image processing. The coordinate rotational digital computer (CORDIC) arithmetic to is used to solve the above problem in this paper. In order to increase the speed of operation, it chooses the pipeline architecture. The results are disposed by IEEE-754 standard. The CORDIC architecture is modeled by using the verilog HDL and verified with MATLAB program and ModelSim 6.2SE tool. A 32 bits radix-2 CORDIC architecture was implemented on the available FPGA platform. The entire CORDIC architecture operated at 126.34 MHz of clock rate with a power consumption of 318.56 mW. Its theoretical background, procedures, simulation results and conclusions are presented in this paper.
摘要The implementation of the coordinate rotational digital computer (CORDIC) algorithm with wave pipelining technique on field programmable gate array (FPGA) is described. All data in FPGA-based wave pipelining pass through a number of logic gates, in the same way that all data pass through the same number of registers in a conventional pipeline. Moreover, all paths are routed using identical routing resources. The manual placement, timing driven routing and timing analyzing techniques are applied to optimize the layout for achieving good path balance. Experimental results show that a 256-LUT logic depth circuit mapped on XC4VLX15-12 runs as high as 330 MHz, whichis a little lower than the speed of 336 MHz based on the conventional 16-stage pipelining in the same chip. The latency of the wave pipelining circuit is 30.3 ns, which is 36.4% shorter than the latency of 16-stage conventional pipelining circuit.
摘要本文针对传统坐标旋转数字计算机(Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer,CORDIC)算法存在时延长、资源消耗多等问题,提出一种低时延小容量查找表的新型CORDIC实现方案。通过创新性设计,显著优化了算法的时序性能与硬件资源消耗。该方法摒弃传统迭代运算,仅需要构建小容量ROM表,结合简单位移操作,即可实现高精度三角函数输出。经Matlab理论仿真与ModelSim数字验证,该方法处理延迟压缩至2个时钟周期,并且在资源占有率和精度方面也有显著提升,具有一定的理论与实用价值。
摘要固定角度旋转的CORDIC(Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer)算法已经广泛的应用于高速数字信号处理、图像处理、机器人学等领域.针对固定角度旋转CORDIC算法在相位旋转过程中,存在数据吞吐率较高、占用硬件资源较多且资源消耗量大等缺点,提出了利用混合CORDIC算法,将角度旋转分为单向角度旋转和一次角度估计旋转两部分.本文根据欠阻尼理论,将固定角度旋转采用单向旋转CORDIC算法实现,减少了流水线的级数和迭代符号位的判决,然后通过对角度估计旋转的二进制表示,修正常数因子,再根据角度映射关系进行相关处理,完成高速高精度坐标旋转.最后在硬件平台上进行了仿真实验.实验结果表明,在误差范围一定的前提下,混合算法进一步的减少了迭代次数,并且资源消耗较低,提高了数据吞吐率.
摘要开平方运算广泛应用于数值分析、调制解调、图像处理等领域,而应用坐标旋转数字计算(Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer,CORDIC)进行平方根运算是一种新应用.基本CORDIC算法精度必须用迭代次数作保证,而较多的迭代次数会导致时延过大等问题,通过运用建立查找表、单向旋转、合并迭代和免除补偿因子等手段,提出一种能够免去大部分迭代运算的改进CORDIC算法用于平方根计算.相较于基本算法计算平方根,该改进算法使用了一半的时钟周期便能得到输出结果,大大减少了输出时延,而且可以达到较高的计算精度,更加适合实时性要求高的应用场合.
摘要针对传统串行坐标旋转数字计算方法(CORDIC)耗时且占用较多资源的缺点,提出了一种旋转模式下CORDIC算法的新型改进算法,该改进算法可用来代替直接数字频率合成器(DDS)查找表进行正余弦的计算。通过采用贪婪算法实现对CORDIC旋转方向与旋转角度的优化,从而可以达到串行转并行和减少迭代次数、节约资源的目的。该算法可以应用于三角函数的复杂函数的硬件实现中。仿真结果表明,在迭代次数相同的情况下,改进算法较传统算法可以获得更高的精度。最后,在Xilinx FPGA的Spartan-3E芯片上实现了改进的CORDIC结构。与传统CORDIC算法相比,在运算精度为10-5时,可以节省Slices、LUTs(Look Up Tables)资源分别为28%和25%。
摘要为了对流水线结构的坐标旋转数字计算(Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer,CORDIC)的实现时延和硬件资源消耗进行优化,提出一种仅基于查找表的新的实现方法,完全免除了迭代运算.该方法只需要一个较低容量的ROM表,以及对ROM表输出结果进行简单的移位运算,即可得到高精度的正弦波或余弦波输出.分别在Matlab、Modelsim以及XILINX ISE进行了理论仿真及实际验证,结果表明:这种CORDIC实现方法只需要2个时钟周期的处理延时,硬件资源消耗与其他实现方法相比也有所降低,最大工作频率也有一定提高.