In terms of tandem cold mill productivity and product quality, a multi-objective optimization model of rolling schedule based on cost fimction was proposed to determine the stand reductions, inter-stand tensions and r...In terms of tandem cold mill productivity and product quality, a multi-objective optimization model of rolling schedule based on cost fimction was proposed to determine the stand reductions, inter-stand tensions and rolling speeds for a specified product. The proposed schedule optimization model consists of several single cost fi.mctions, which take rolling force, motor power, inter-stand tension and stand reduction into consideration. The cost function, which can evaluate how far the rolling parameters are from the ideal values, was minimized using the Nelder-Mead simplex method. The proposed rolling schedule optimization method has been applied successfully to the 5-stand tandem cold mill in Tangsteel, and the results from a case study show that the proposed method is superior to those based on empirical formulae.展开更多
In this paper,a new price is given to the online decision maker at the beginning of each day.The trader must decide how many items to purchase according to the current price.We present three variants and an online alg...In this paper,a new price is given to the online decision maker at the beginning of each day.The trader must decide how many items to purchase according to the current price.We present three variants and an online algorithm based on cost function.The competitive ratio of the online algorithm is given for each variant,which is a performance measure of an online algorithm.More importantly,we show that the online algorithm is optimal.展开更多
Two kinds of Bayesian-based cost functions (i.e., the unconstrained cost function and parameter-constrained cost function) are investigated for retrieving the sea surface salinity (SSS). In low SSS regions, we have an...Two kinds of Bayesian-based cost functions (i.e., the unconstrained cost function and parameter-constrained cost function) are investigated for retrieving the sea surface salinity (SSS). In low SSS regions, we have analyzed the sensitivity of the two cost functions to geophysical parameters. The results show that the unconstrained cost function is valid for retrieving several parameters (including SSS, wind speed and significant wave height), and the constrained cost function, which largely depends on the accuracy of reference values, may lead to large retrieval biases. Furthermore, as a retrieval parameter, the sea surface temperature (SST) can re-sult in the divergence of other geophysical parameters in an unconstrained cost function due to the strong sensitivity of brightness temperature to SST. By using the unconstrained cost function and the simulated brightness temperature TB with white noises, the retrieval biases of SSS are discussed with the following two procedures. Procedure a): the simulated TB values are first averaged, and then SSS is retrieved. Procedure b): the SSS is directly retrieved from the simulated TB , and then the retrieved SSS values are aver-aged. The results indicate that, for low SSS and SST distributions, the SSS retrieval by procedure a) has less biases compared with that by procedure b), while the two procedures give almost the same retrieval results for high SSS and SST sea regions.展开更多
In order to optimize handover target selection and achieve better handover performance in cellular relay networks under the long term evolution (LTE) system, a novel handover measurement and decision scheme based on...In order to optimize handover target selection and achieve better handover performance in cellular relay networks under the long term evolution (LTE) system, a novel handover measurement and decision scheme based on cost function is proposed in the paper. The relay-enhanced network provides user equipment (UE) multiple handover choices from neighbor base stations or relays. This may result in different overhead, resource utility and traffic load which attaches importance to proper handover schemes. Compared with traditional handover measurement and decision schemes, the proposed scheme adopts reference signal receiving quality (RSRQ) in the measurement stage and uses a modified signal cost function considering signal overhead in different handover types and expected long-term throughput of UE. Besides, UE fairness and sector resource utilization are taken into account as well. Theory analysis and simulation results prove that the proposed scheme can enhance cell throughput, decrease handover delay and signal overhead, and improve UE fairness.展开更多
SG (smart grids) is an intelligent power grid in which the diverse nodes should communicate different types of information which have different communication requirements with CS (control stations). There exist se...SG (smart grids) is an intelligent power grid in which the diverse nodes should communicate different types of information which have different communication requirements with CS (control stations). There exist several RATs (radio access technologies), with diversification in quality of service character which respect to the SG nodes communication requirements. On the other side, spectrum is becoming a rare source and its demands request is increasing exponentially. Therefore, resource allocation to support different types of SG nodes should be elaborated so that the resource efficiency is maximized while the SG communication requirements are respected. Using a CF (cost function) based on the SG node requirements and RATs characteristics to find the desirability value of every RATs for a certain node type accomplish this goal in combination with prioritizing the different SG nodes types based on SG goals by creating a priority table for RATs and different SG node types. The main node communication requirements are formulized to be used in the CF in this paper. The numerical results show that the proposed method defines the desirability value of each RAT for a certain SG node type that helps to make a priority table by using the SG node prioritization table.展开更多
Many studies exist in the literature of scale and scope economies in institutions of higher education employing multi-product cost functions of quadratic, constant elasticity substitution (CES), or hybrid translog f...Many studies exist in the literature of scale and scope economies in institutions of higher education employing multi-product cost functions of quadratic, constant elasticity substitution (CES), or hybrid translog form. A single product cost function is normally considered inadequate and yield distorted results. Both quadratic and single product cost functions have been applied to university data from China's Ministry of Education (MOE). This study compares those two methods and their statistical results and finds that ray economies of scale from these two cost functions are quite similar though the single product cost function which can not be used to calculate product-specific economies of scale or economies of scope.展开更多
To address the challenge of predicting reentry glide vehicle attack intention in no-fly zone scenarios,this paper proposes a multidimensional intention fusion-based inference method.Firstly,the recursive formula for t...To address the challenge of predicting reentry glide vehicle attack intention in no-fly zone scenarios,this paper proposes a multidimensional intention fusion-based inference method.Firstly,the recursive formula for the posterior probability of the vehicle’s intention is derived using Bayes’theorem.Secondly,the concepts of pseudo heading deviation angle and endpoint relative energy are introduced to formulate an intention cost function that incorporates both angular and energetic dimensions,and the corresponding likelihood probability is obtained by quantifying the cost of different intentions,which solves the problem that the traditional cost function cannot characterize the real intention of the vehicle in scenarios involving nofly zones.Finally,a dynamically weighted multidimensional intention fusion model is proposed to deduce the vehicle’s attack intent in the footprints.The simulation results show that the proposed method has a higher accuracy rate of intent inference compared to the existing methods.展开更多
This paper presents a new approach to tuning the cost function weights of a nonlinear model predictive controller(NMPC)using offline Bayesian optimization(BO).We propose a recursive weight selection method that integr...This paper presents a new approach to tuning the cost function weights of a nonlinear model predictive controller(NMPC)using offline Bayesian optimization(BO).We propose a recursive weight selection method that integrates BO directly into the NMPC simulation loop and targets an economic cost function.This approach identifies weights that optimize an economic cost function,ensuring that controller performance is aligned with the operational economics of the process.A case study involving an interconnected tank system with nonlinear level and temperature dynamics illustrates the method.Two operating conditions are tested:an undisturbed scenario and a disturbed one,incorporating sensor noise and model–plant mismatch.In both scenarios,the BO-tuned NMPC outperforms Traditional and Satisficing-based weight strategies,yielding smoother control actions.In the disturbed case,cost reductions of up to 4.5%are achieved.The results confirm that offline BO-based tuning offers a viable and robust alternative to manual or online adaptive strategies,especially in systems where online retraining is impractical.Sensitivity tests further highlight the importance of informed search interval selection to ensure convergence and performance.展开更多
Blind recognition of low-density paritycheck(LDPC)codes has gradually attracted more attention with the development of military and civil communications.However,in the case of the paritycheck matrices with relatively ...Blind recognition of low-density paritycheck(LDPC)codes has gradually attracted more attention with the development of military and civil communications.However,in the case of the paritycheck matrices with relatively high row weights,the existing blind recognition algorithms based on a candidate set generally perform worse.In this paper,we propose a blind recognition method for LDPC codes,called as tangent function assisted least square(TLS)method,which improves recognition performances by constructing a new cost function.To characterize the constraint degree among received vectors and paritycheck vectors,a feature function based on tangent function is constructed in the proposed algorithm.A cost function based on least square method is also established according to the feature function values satisfying the parity-check relationship.Moreover,the minimum average value in TLS is obtained on the candidate set.Numerical analysis and simulation results show that recognition performances of TLS algorithm are consistent with theoretical results.Compared with existing algorithms,the proposed method possesses better recognition performances.展开更多
国土空间功能分区是构建可持续开发保护格局、提升资源利用效率的重要途径,但传统方法多侧重功能相似性识别,缺乏对生态、农业、城镇等多类管理目标及成本效益的系统统筹。该研究引入系统保护理念,构建“目标-成本-效益”协同优化的国...国土空间功能分区是构建可持续开发保护格局、提升资源利用效率的重要途径,但传统方法多侧重功能相似性识别,缺乏对生态、农业、城镇等多类管理目标及成本效益的系统统筹。该研究引入系统保护理念,构建“目标-成本-效益”协同优化的国土空间功能分区理论框架,综合运用适宜性评价、景观格局指数分析和分区优化模型(Marxan with Zones),形成由主导功能区与功能混合区构成的分区方法,并在江阴市开展实证研究。结果表明:1)优化分区方案显著提升了自然生态系统的代表性与保护效益,乔木林地、灌木林地等关键生态系统的保护比例提升至30%以上。2)在满足生态保护目标的前提下,农业与城镇功能空间得到适度拓展,基本农田和城镇开发规模较现状有所增加,单位面积成本增幅保持在10%以内,体现出较强的综合效益。3)优化方案在空间结构上呈现较高的集聚性与协调性,集约化农区聚集度由71.21提升至88.5,通过功能混合区在严格保护区与城镇建设区之间构建了有效的过渡带,缓解了潜在的空间利用冲突。研究可为高冲突区域优化国土空间格局和完善主体功能区制度提供方法与实践参考。展开更多
基金Project(51074051)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(N110307001)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
摘要In terms of tandem cold mill productivity and product quality, a multi-objective optimization model of rolling schedule based on cost fimction was proposed to determine the stand reductions, inter-stand tensions and rolling speeds for a specified product. The proposed schedule optimization model consists of several single cost fi.mctions, which take rolling force, motor power, inter-stand tension and stand reduction into consideration. The cost function, which can evaluate how far the rolling parameters are from the ideal values, was minimized using the Nelder-Mead simplex method. The proposed rolling schedule optimization method has been applied successfully to the 5-stand tandem cold mill in Tangsteel, and the results from a case study show that the proposed method is superior to those based on empirical formulae.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(11201428,11471286,11701518)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Y6110091)the Graduate Innovation Project of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(YCX12001,YCX13005)
摘要In this paper,a new price is given to the online decision maker at the beginning of each day.The trader must decide how many items to purchase according to the current price.We present three variants and an online algorithm based on cost function.The competitive ratio of the online algorithm is given for each variant,which is a performance measure of an online algorithm.More importantly,we show that the online algorithm is optimal.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40876094)the National 863 Project of China (Grant Nos. 2009AA09Z102 and 2008AA09A403)
摘要Two kinds of Bayesian-based cost functions (i.e., the unconstrained cost function and parameter-constrained cost function) are investigated for retrieving the sea surface salinity (SSS). In low SSS regions, we have analyzed the sensitivity of the two cost functions to geophysical parameters. The results show that the unconstrained cost function is valid for retrieving several parameters (including SSS, wind speed and significant wave height), and the constrained cost function, which largely depends on the accuracy of reference values, may lead to large retrieval biases. Furthermore, as a retrieval parameter, the sea surface temperature (SST) can re-sult in the divergence of other geophysical parameters in an unconstrained cost function due to the strong sensitivity of brightness temperature to SST. By using the unconstrained cost function and the simulated brightness temperature TB with white noises, the retrieval biases of SSS are discussed with the following two procedures. Procedure a): the simulated TB values are first averaged, and then SSS is retrieved. Procedure b): the SSS is directly retrieved from the simulated TB , and then the retrieved SSS values are aver-aged. The results indicate that, for low SSS and SST distributions, the SSS retrieval by procedure a) has less biases compared with that by procedure b), while the two procedures give almost the same retrieval results for high SSS and SST sea regions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60832009), the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (No. 4102044) and the National Nature Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China (No. 61001115 ).
摘要In order to optimize handover target selection and achieve better handover performance in cellular relay networks under the long term evolution (LTE) system, a novel handover measurement and decision scheme based on cost function is proposed in the paper. The relay-enhanced network provides user equipment (UE) multiple handover choices from neighbor base stations or relays. This may result in different overhead, resource utility and traffic load which attaches importance to proper handover schemes. Compared with traditional handover measurement and decision schemes, the proposed scheme adopts reference signal receiving quality (RSRQ) in the measurement stage and uses a modified signal cost function considering signal overhead in different handover types and expected long-term throughput of UE. Besides, UE fairness and sector resource utilization are taken into account as well. Theory analysis and simulation results prove that the proposed scheme can enhance cell throughput, decrease handover delay and signal overhead, and improve UE fairness.
摘要SG (smart grids) is an intelligent power grid in which the diverse nodes should communicate different types of information which have different communication requirements with CS (control stations). There exist several RATs (radio access technologies), with diversification in quality of service character which respect to the SG nodes communication requirements. On the other side, spectrum is becoming a rare source and its demands request is increasing exponentially. Therefore, resource allocation to support different types of SG nodes should be elaborated so that the resource efficiency is maximized while the SG communication requirements are respected. Using a CF (cost function) based on the SG node requirements and RATs characteristics to find the desirability value of every RATs for a certain node type accomplish this goal in combination with prioritizing the different SG nodes types based on SG goals by creating a priority table for RATs and different SG node types. The main node communication requirements are formulized to be used in the CF in this paper. The numerical results show that the proposed method defines the desirability value of each RAT for a certain SG node type that helps to make a priority table by using the SG node prioritization table.
摘要Many studies exist in the literature of scale and scope economies in institutions of higher education employing multi-product cost functions of quadratic, constant elasticity substitution (CES), or hybrid translog form. A single product cost function is normally considered inadequate and yield distorted results. Both quadratic and single product cost functions have been applied to university data from China's Ministry of Education (MOE). This study compares those two methods and their statistical results and finds that ray economies of scale from these two cost functions are quite similar though the single product cost function which can not be used to calculate product-specific economies of scale or economies of scope.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62173339).
摘要To address the challenge of predicting reentry glide vehicle attack intention in no-fly zone scenarios,this paper proposes a multidimensional intention fusion-based inference method.Firstly,the recursive formula for the posterior probability of the vehicle’s intention is derived using Bayes’theorem.Secondly,the concepts of pseudo heading deviation angle and endpoint relative energy are introduced to formulate an intention cost function that incorporates both angular and energetic dimensions,and the corresponding likelihood probability is obtained by quantifying the cost of different intentions,which solves the problem that the traditional cost function cannot characterize the real intention of the vehicle in scenarios involving nofly zones.Finally,a dynamically weighted multidimensional intention fusion model is proposed to deduce the vehicle’s attack intent in the footprints.The simulation results show that the proposed method has a higher accuracy rate of intent inference compared to the existing methods.
基金supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq,Brazil,Project Nos.406477/2022-1,402377/2022-2,and 406703/2023-0)the Fundação de AmparoàPesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina(Project Nos.00001993/2024 and 2023TR001506).
摘要This paper presents a new approach to tuning the cost function weights of a nonlinear model predictive controller(NMPC)using offline Bayesian optimization(BO).We propose a recursive weight selection method that integrates BO directly into the NMPC simulation loop and targets an economic cost function.This approach identifies weights that optimize an economic cost function,ensuring that controller performance is aligned with the operational economics of the process.A case study involving an interconnected tank system with nonlinear level and temperature dynamics illustrates the method.Two operating conditions are tested:an undisturbed scenario and a disturbed one,incorporating sensor noise and model–plant mismatch.In both scenarios,the BO-tuned NMPC outperforms Traditional and Satisficing-based weight strategies,yielding smoother control actions.In the disturbed case,cost reductions of up to 4.5%are achieved.The results confirm that offline BO-based tuning offers a viable and robust alternative to manual or online adaptive strategies,especially in systems where online retraining is impractical.Sensitivity tests further highlight the importance of informed search interval selection to ensure convergence and performance.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 3072025YC0802the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62001138Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant LH2021F009。
摘要Blind recognition of low-density paritycheck(LDPC)codes has gradually attracted more attention with the development of military and civil communications.However,in the case of the paritycheck matrices with relatively high row weights,the existing blind recognition algorithms based on a candidate set generally perform worse.In this paper,we propose a blind recognition method for LDPC codes,called as tangent function assisted least square(TLS)method,which improves recognition performances by constructing a new cost function.To characterize the constraint degree among received vectors and paritycheck vectors,a feature function based on tangent function is constructed in the proposed algorithm.A cost function based on least square method is also established according to the feature function values satisfying the parity-check relationship.Moreover,the minimum average value in TLS is obtained on the candidate set.Numerical analysis and simulation results show that recognition performances of TLS algorithm are consistent with theoretical results.Compared with existing algorithms,the proposed method possesses better recognition performances.
摘要国土空间功能分区是构建可持续开发保护格局、提升资源利用效率的重要途径,但传统方法多侧重功能相似性识别,缺乏对生态、农业、城镇等多类管理目标及成本效益的系统统筹。该研究引入系统保护理念,构建“目标-成本-效益”协同优化的国土空间功能分区理论框架,综合运用适宜性评价、景观格局指数分析和分区优化模型(Marxan with Zones),形成由主导功能区与功能混合区构成的分区方法,并在江阴市开展实证研究。结果表明:1)优化分区方案显著提升了自然生态系统的代表性与保护效益,乔木林地、灌木林地等关键生态系统的保护比例提升至30%以上。2)在满足生态保护目标的前提下,农业与城镇功能空间得到适度拓展,基本农田和城镇开发规模较现状有所增加,单位面积成本增幅保持在10%以内,体现出较强的综合效益。3)优化方案在空间结构上呈现较高的集聚性与协调性,集约化农区聚集度由71.21提升至88.5,通过功能混合区在严格保护区与城镇建设区之间构建了有效的过渡带,缓解了潜在的空间利用冲突。研究可为高冲突区域优化国土空间格局和完善主体功能区制度提供方法与实践参考。