The curing behavior of composites significantly influences their performance,making it crucial to understand the curing process.This study experimentally measured specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,glass tran...The curing behavior of composites significantly influences their performance,making it crucial to understand the curing process.This study experimentally measured specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,glass transition temperature,coefficient of thermal expansion,and cure shrinkage of materials.A simulation model of its curing deformation was established and validated against strain data obtained from fiber Bragg grating experiments.The effects of thickness,heating rate,and cooling rate on the curing temperature field and residual stress field during the molding of thick-section composite plates were analyzed.展开更多
The study employs the mold hot pressing encapsulation method to embed fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensors into a miniature glass fiber-reinforced polymer(GFRP)composite.Experimental results confirmed the feasibility of us...The study employs the mold hot pressing encapsulation method to embed fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensors into a miniature glass fiber-reinforced polymer(GFRP)composite.Experimental results confirmed the feasibility of using miniature GFRP-FBG sensors to monitor the epoxy resin curing process.Additionally,the sensors exhibited excellent linearity and repeatability in load monitoring.These findings offer important insights for optimizing the encapsulation process and further advancing the use of GFRP-FBG sensors in material monitoring applications.展开更多
An integrated real-time control methodology is introduced to mitigate process-induced challenges,namely temperature overshoot,uneven cure,and interfacial shear stress,during the autoclave curing of Carbon Fiber-Reinfo...An integrated real-time control methodology is introduced to mitigate process-induced challenges,namely temperature overshoot,uneven cure,and interfacial shear stress,during the autoclave curing of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer(CFRP)composites.First,a high-fidelity Finite Element(FE)model incorporating tool-part interaction is developed to reveal the curing process of the composites,wherein the interaction is characterized by friction interface modeling with experimentally measured cure-dependent friction coefficients.The accuracy of FE model is confirmed through experimental tests on a doubly curved T-stiffened composite panel.This validated model then generates a dataset of curing temperature profile and associated defect information,which is used to train a customized Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)neural network.We culminate in a real-time control framework that actively optimizes the curing process by integrating LSTM-based state prediction with Q-learning-driven decision logic.The optimized thermal profile demonstrates a clear performance enhancement over the traditional multi-dwell approach,achieving marked reductions in temperature difference,Degree of Cure(DoC)difference and tool-part interface shear stress,which provides more insights for intelligent composite manufacturing.展开更多
This study investigated the crosslinking behavior and curing properties of environmentally friendly polyurethane(PU)modified asphalt(PUMA)prepared by in-situ polymerization.The research aimed to clarify the chemical r...This study investigated the crosslinking behavior and curing properties of environmentally friendly polyurethane(PU)modified asphalt(PUMA)prepared by in-situ polymerization.The research aimed to clarify the chemical reaction sites and sequence between the PU prepolymer(PUP)and asphalt components,and to evaluate the microstructural and performance evolution of PUMA during curing.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations were employed to predict reactive sites based on electrostatic potential and frontier molecular orbitals,and to compute Gibbs free energy and transition state energy barriers.The experimental results indicate that phenolic hydroxyl and pyridinic nitrogen in asphaltene molecules and phenolic hydroxyl in resin molecules are the primary sites for reaction with PUP.PUP reacts spontaneously with chain extender(BDO),water,asphaltene,and resin at room temperature,with the reaction following the order:BDO>H2O>asphaltene-1>asphaltene-2>resin.Microstructural analysis by atomic force microscopy reveals that PU acts as a bridge connecting asphaltene and resin,forming an integrated network that became more perfect with prolonged curing time.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of SARA fractions confirms the formation of amide bonds between PUP and asphalt components.The high-temperature performance of PUMA improves with curing time,while the low-temperature performance slightly decreases but still meets specification requirements after 180 days of curing.The findings can provide a fundamental basis for the design and preparation of high-performance PUMA.展开更多
A novel epoxy-based silicon(VECSR)was synthesized from polymethylhydrosiloxane(PMHS)and 1,2-epoxy-4-vinylcyclohexane(VEC)via the hydrosilylation reaction.The structure of VECSR was characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR.A ...A novel epoxy-based silicon(VECSR)was synthesized from polymethylhydrosiloxane(PMHS)and 1,2-epoxy-4-vinylcyclohexane(VEC)via the hydrosilylation reaction.The structure of VECSR was characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR.A series of UV-curable materials were prepared by blending different ratios of VECSR and alicyclic epoxy resin(2021P)and UV curing with triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate salts solution(UVI-6976)as the photoinitiator,and then were tested for performance.The experimental results showed that when the content of VECSR was 10%,the comprehensive mechanical properties of the UVcurable material were the best,i e,the UV-curable sample with a tensile strength of 48.55 MPa,an elongation at break of 3.2%,the UV-curable film with a flexibility of 3 mm,and an impact strength of 20 kg·cm.Compared to a single 2021P system in the absence of VECSR,the UV-curable materials containing VECSR exhibited better hydrophobicity and thermal stability.展开更多
To solve the problems of low early strength and slow strength development of excess-sulfate phosphogypsum phosphorus slag cement(EPPSC),humid-heat curing(HHC)was used to improve the mechanical properties of EPPSC.Diff...To solve the problems of low early strength and slow strength development of excess-sulfate phosphogypsum phosphorus slag cement(EPPSC),humid-heat curing(HHC)was used to improve the mechanical properties of EPPSC.Different contents of phosphogypsum(PG)and phosphorus slag were introduced into the system.The mass changes of the samples before and after curing were compared.The compressive strengths of the samples under HHC were measured and compared with those under standard curing(SC),respectively.The hydration mechanism of EPPSC under HHC conditions was investigated by XRD and SEM.The experimental results show that the strength of the EPPSC after 24 h of HHC is comparable to that of standard curing after 28 d,which can reach more than 30 MPa.The later strength of the specimens subjected to HHC is also improved.The suitable curing temperature is 60-70°C,the suitable curing time is 12-24 h,and the suitable PG dosage is 30%-50%.The EPPSC can obtain the compressive strength as 43.6 MPa at 28 d and 63.0 MPa at 90 d,while the problems of low early strength and slow strength development can be improved.HHC accelerates the formation of C-S-H gel and the growth of ettringite(AFt)crystals by promoting the dissociation of granulated blast furnace slag and phosphorus slag.At the same time,the growth and densification of gypsum crystals in PG-enriched areas form the PG microaggregate,enhancing the system's cementing ability,thus improving the overall performance of EPPSC materials.展开更多
To overcome reliance on molds and the difficulty of fabricating complex geometries with traditional C/C composites,direct ink writing(DIW)with UV/heat dual curing was employed to produce high-performance C/C composite...To overcome reliance on molds and the difficulty of fabricating complex geometries with traditional C/C composites,direct ink writing(DIW)with UV/heat dual curing was employed to produce high-performance C/C composites.The rheological properties of the composite inks were systematically analyzed to assess the effects of phenolic resin(PR)and carbon fiber(CF)content.Results show pronounced shear-thinning behavior and strong thixotropy-both essential for stable DIW.Additionally,UV/heat curing behavior was characterized to provide theoretical insights for optimizing curing parameters.Notably,CF addition is found to significantly attenuate UV light penetration compared to pure PR.As CF content increases,the critical UV irradiation energy rises sharply from 68.47 to 911.19 mJ/cm2,necessitating precise adjustments to curing parameters.Preforms were pyrolyzed in a carbon tube furnace to examine pore-formation characteristics,and chemical vapor infiltration(CVI)was applied to filling the resulting pores,yielding C/C composites with a flexural strength of 115.19 MPa.展开更多
Using solid waste as a substitute for conventional cement has become an important way to reduce carbon emissions.This paper attempted to utilize steel slag(SS)and fly ash(FA)as supplementary cementitious material by u...Using solid waste as a substitute for conventional cement has become an important way to reduce carbon emissions.This paper attempted to utilize steel slag(SS)and fly ash(FA)as supplementary cementitious material by utilizing CO2mineralization curing technology.This study examined the dominant and interactive influences of the residual water/cement ratio,CO2pressure,curing time,and SS content on the mechanical properties and CO2uptake rate of CO2mineralization curing SS-FA-Portland cement ternary paste specimens.Additionally,microstructural development was analyzed.The findings demonstrated that each factor significantly affected compressive strength and CO2uptake rate,with factor interactions becoming more pronounced at higher SS dosages(>30%),lower residual water/cement ratios(0.1-0.15),and CO2pressures of 0.1-0.3 MPa.Microscopic examinations revealed that mineralization primarily yielded CaCO3and silica gel.The residual w/c ratio and SS content significantly influenced the CaCO3content and crystallinity of the mineralization products.Post-mineralization curing,the percentage of pores larger than 50 nm significantly decreased,the proportion of harmless pores smaller than 20 nm increased,and pore structure improved.This study also found that using CO2mineralization curing SS-FA-Portland cement solid waste concrete can significantly reduce the negative impact on the environment.展开更多
The size effects were experimentally investigated and the underlying mechanism was analyzed.The results reveal that,as the specimen size increases,the interconnectivity of macropores slightly decreases.This in turn co...The size effects were experimentally investigated and the underlying mechanism was analyzed.The results reveal that,as the specimen size increases,the interconnectivity of macropores slightly decreases.This in turn constrains the diffusion of CO2 and moisture in the specimens,resulting in an increase in the discrepancy between the internal and external carbonation degrees.An increase in cement paste thickness simultaneously decreases the quantity,average size,and interconnectivity of macropores,lowering the diffusion efficacy of CO2 and moisture and exacerbating the overall heterogeneity in carbonation.Moreover,the gradual blockage of macropores leads to the emergence of localized ‘occluded zones’ with much lower carbonation degree.The reduction in aggregate size significantly alters the average diameter and connectivity of macropores,leading to notable change to overall non-uniformity.This study provides insight into improving the CO2 curing effect of pervious concrete products and developing uniform curing methods.展开更多
[2-(3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl)ethyl]dimethyltert-butylsilane was synthesized,using tert-butyldimethylsilane(TBDMS)and 1,2-epoxy-4-vinylcyclohexane(EVC)as the main raw materials and tris(triphenylphosphine)chlororhodium(I)[...[2-(3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl)ethyl]dimethyltert-butylsilane was synthesized,using tert-butyldimethylsilane(TBDMS)and 1,2-epoxy-4-vinylcyclohexane(EVC)as the main raw materials and tris(triphenylphosphine)chlororhodium(I)[RhCl(Ph3P)3]as the catalyst.[2-(3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl)ethyl]dimethyltert-butylsilane is a novel kind of silicon-containing epoxide.The factors affecting the reaction yield,such as catalyst use,reaction time and reaction temperature,were investigated,and the synthesized product was characterized and analyzed by FT-IR and 1H-NMR.A series of amine-curing resins were prepared with[2-(3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl)ethyl]dimethyltert-butylsilane,bisphenol A epoxy resin(E-51)and modified amine(593 amine).The mechanical properties of cured splines with the different proportions of amine-curing resins were tested.When the content of 593 amine was 20%,the content of E-51 was 75%and the amount of[2-(3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl)ethyl]dimethyltert-butylsilane was 5%,the mechanical properties of the cured splines were the best with the tensile strength being 23.3 MPa,the elongation at break being 7.8%,and the Young's modulus being 421.3 MPa.展开更多
Molybdenum tailings are the solid waste left from ore processing,which damages soil and water resources.To address that,molybdenum tailings(MTs)powder obtained from molybdenum tailings sands was processed as an admixt...Molybdenum tailings are the solid waste left from ore processing,which damages soil and water resources.To address that,molybdenum tailings(MTs)powder obtained from molybdenum tailings sands was processed as an admixture.Compared with moisture-cured conditions,the influence of MTs on the steam-cured mortar’s mechanical properties,surface and internal pore characteristics,and microscopic morphology was investigated.The results show that steam-cured mortar containing appropriate MTs can still have high early strength.When the content of MTs doesn’t exceed 15%,the mechanical strength of mortar steam-cured for 3 d can reach 85%of that of corresponding mortar moisture-cured for 28 d,and that of mortar steam-cured for 28 d isn’t lower than 90%of that of pure cement mortar.The proportion of harmful pores(HFP)and more harmful pores(MHFP)and most probable pore diameters(MPD)on the mortar surface containing MTs steam-cured for 28 d are significantly decreased.When MTs’content is 15%,the proportion of HFP and MHFP on the surface of paste is decreased by 71.4%and 72.2%,respectively,with MPS decreasing from 12.7 nm to 10.8 nm.SEM analysis shows that the surfaces of steam-cured paste containing 15%MTs have more hydration products and dense microstructures.The effect of pozzolanic and dense filling of MTs effectively refines the pore structure,reducing the large pore-size pores.展开更多
To address the negative impact of an internal curing agent on strength while preserving its ability to resist autogenous shrinkage,we investigated the incorporation of triethanolamine and triisopropanolamine as early-...To address the negative impact of an internal curing agent on strength while preserving its ability to resist autogenous shrinkage,we investigated the incorporation of triethanolamine and triisopropanolamine as early-strength components.These additives were combined with an internal curing agent to prepare a compound early-strength internal curing agent so as to investigate how compound early-strength internal curing agents affect the mechanical characteristics and volume stability of mortar.This was assessed using a battery of tests,including strength,autogenous shrinkage,internal relative humidity,mercury intrusion porosimetry,X-ray powder diffraction,and scanning electron microscopy.These results indicate that the compound early-strength internal curing agent effectively maintains the volume stability of the mortar without compromising its early mechanical properties.The compressive strength ratios of the mortar mixed with the compound early-strength internal curing agent were 109.45% at 3 days and 119% at 7 days,indicating significant improvement compared with the internal curing agent.Furthermore,the 7-day autogenous shrinkage rate of the mortar was-56.78μm/m.The proportion of hazardous-grade pores larger than 100 nm was reduced to 3.54%,and the pore distribution was uniform.This study introduces innovative ideas and methods for mitigating the adverse effects of internal curing agents on the early strength of mortar.展开更多
Lost circulation, a recurring peril during drilling operations, entails substantial loss of drilling fluid and dire consequences upon its infiltration into the formation. As drilling depth escalates, the formation tem...Lost circulation, a recurring peril during drilling operations, entails substantial loss of drilling fluid and dire consequences upon its infiltration into the formation. As drilling depth escalates, the formation temperature and pressure intensify, imposing exacting demands on plug materials. In this study, a kind of controllable curing resin with dense cross-network structure was prepared by the method of solution stepwise ring-opening polymerization. The resin plugging material investigated in this study is a continuous phase material that offers effortless injection, robust filling capabilities, exceptional retention, and underground curing or crosslinking with high strength. Its versatility is not constrained by fracture-cavity lose channels, making it suitable for fulfilling the essential needs of various fracture-cavity combinations when plugging fracture-cavity carbonate rocks. Notably, the curing duration can be fine-tuned within the span of 3-7 h, catering to the plugging of drilling fluid losing of diverse fracture dimensions. Experimental scrutiny encompassed the rheological properties and curing behavior of the resin plugging system, unraveling the intricacies of the curing process and establishing a cogent kinetic model. The experimental results show that the urea-formaldehyde resin plugging material has a tight chain or network structure. When the concentration of the urea-formaldehyde resin plugging system solution remains below 30%, the viscosity clocks in at a meager 10 mPa·s. Optimum curing transpires at 60℃, showcasing impressive resilience to saline conditions. Remarkably, when immersed in a composite saltwater environment containing 50000 mg/L NaCl and 100000 mg/L CaCl2, the urea-formaldehyde resin consolidates into an even more compact network structure, culminating in an outstanding compressive strength of 41.5 MPa. Through resolving the correlation between conversion and the apparent activation energy of the non-isothermal DSC curing reaction parameters, the study attests to the fulfillment of the kinetic equation for the urea-formaldehyde resin plugging system. This discerning analysis illuminates the nuanced shifts in the microscopic reaction mechanism of the urea-formaldehyde resin plugging system. Furthermore, the pressure bearing plugging capacity of the resin plugging system for fractures of different sizes is also studied. It is found that the resin plugging system can effectively resident in parallel and wedge-shaped fractures of different sizes, and form high-strength consolidation under certain temperature conditions. The maximum plugging pressure of resin plugging system for parallel fractures with outlet size 3 mm can reach 9.92 MPa, and the maximum plugging pressure for wedge-shaped fractures with outlet size 5 mm can reach 9.90 MPa. Consequently, the exploration and application of urea-formaldehyde resin plugging material precipitate a paradigm shift, proffering novel concepts and methodologies in resolving the practical quandaries afflicting drilling fluid plugging.展开更多
Carbon fiber reinforced plastics provide many excellent properties and are widely used in the aerospace industry.However,the existing composites autoclave process still faces difficulties such as high-energy consumpti...Carbon fiber reinforced plastics provide many excellent properties and are widely used in the aerospace industry.However,the existing composites autoclave process still faces difficulties such as high-energy consumption,uneven distribution of temperature field,complications of pressure transmission,and high cost,which limit their application in manufacturing of large complex composites components.In this study,the vibration treatment was introduced into the composites microwave curing process innovatively.On the basis of giving full play to the uniform heating characteristics of the microwave,the problems of a large number of internal defects and poor molding quality caused by the insufficient curing pressure have been solved.The results showed that the samples cured by the improved microwave process without external pressure had a few internal voids,excellent interface bonding conditions,and lower residual stress.Their properties were almost consistent with the samples prepared by the standard autoclave process,which provided a new method for the high-performance,efficient,safe,and low-cost manufacturing of large complex composites components.展开更多
To study the curing mechanism of alkaline phenolic resin with organic ester, three esters were chosen to react with three systems - alkaline phenolic resin, potassium hydroxide aqueous solution containing phenol, and ...To study the curing mechanism of alkaline phenolic resin with organic ester, three esters were chosen to react with three systems - alkaline phenolic resin, potassium hydroxide aqueous solution containing phenol, and potassium hydroxide aqueous solution. The variations of pH, heat release and gel pH during the reactions were monitored and measured. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and thermal gravity analysis (TG) techniques were used to characterize the curing reaction. It was found that organic ester is only partial y hydrolyzed and resin can be cured through organic ester hydrolysis process as wel as the reaction with redundant organic ester. The sequential curing mechanism of alkaline phenolic resin cured by organic ester was identified as fol ows: a portion of organic ester is firstly hydrolyzed owing to the effect of the strong alkaline; the gel is then formed after the pH decreases to about 10.8-10.88, meanwhile, the redundant organic ester (i.e. non-hydrolysis ester) starts the curing reaction with the resin. It has also been found that the curing rate depends on the hydrolysis velocity of organic ester. The faster the hydrolysis speed of the ester, the faster the curing rate of the resin.展开更多
To study the effects of secondary water( SW) curing of 20 ℃ for 7 d on concrete long-term strength and durability after steam-autoclave curing, concrete specimens were fabricated and subjected to standard,steam-autoc...To study the effects of secondary water( SW) curing of 20 ℃ for 7 d on concrete long-term strength and durability after steam-autoclave curing, concrete specimens were fabricated and subjected to standard,steam-autoclave or steamautoclave + SW curing. The compressive strength,accelerated carbonation depth, and Coulomb electric charges of the specimens were tested at the ages of 28,90,180,and 360 d.Furthermore,mercury intrusion porosimetry experiments on the specimens were conducted at the age of 180 d. Results indicate that compared with standard curing,steam-autoclave curing can enhance the early-age strength of concrete; however, it is detrimental to the development of later-age strength, and reduces chloride and carbonation resistance. Due to the replenishment of water into concrete,SW curing can refine the micro-pore size and decrease the ratio of harmful and more harmful pores in concrete. As a result,SW curing is effective in improving the long-term strength and durability of steamautoclaved concrete,and makes it approach that under standard curing. The improvement amplitudes of SW curing on the concrete compressive strength, chloride and carbonation resistance at 360 d can reach 20. 3%,48. 6%,and 80. 9%,respectively.展开更多
This paper discusses the fundamental principle of microwave heating, and based on the advantages of microwave heating, use maleic anhydride as curing agent. The technology of microwave curing E44 epoxy resins is inves...This paper discusses the fundamental principle of microwave heating, and based on the advantages of microwave heating, use maleic anhydride as curing agent. The technology of microwave curing E44 epoxy resins is investigated, the mechanical properties of cured epoxy resin samples in different contents of curing agent by microwave and thermal curing methods are measured respectively, and then some experimental results for which are obtained. At last, this paper analyses why microwave curing can improve mechanical property of epoxy resin.展开更多
The effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) curing conditions (temperature,relative humidity and CO2 curing time) on the physical properties of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) with varying attached mortar (AM) contents ...The effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) curing conditions (temperature,relative humidity and CO2 curing time) on the physical properties of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) with varying attached mortar (AM) contents were studied.Before and after CO2 curing,the physical properties in terms of the apparent density,water absorption and crushing value of RCA were tested and the quality of RCA was determined.Besides,scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microstructure of RCA.Results show that the physical properties variation of RCA with higher AM content are more significant,and the quality of RCA with lower AM content is easier to be upgraded during CO2 curing.The physical properties of RCA with 40.8% AM content are earlier stable than that with no less than 44.5% AM content during CO2 curing.The optimal temperature and relative humidity are 50 ℃ and 55% for CO2 curing,respectively.CO2 curing is incapable of upgrading the quality of RCA with AM no less than 50.6%.The quality of RCA with 44.5% AM content can be upgraded only under the optimum CO2 curing conditions.Under relative humidity higher than 40% and the CO2 curing time more than 12 h,CO2 curing upgrades the quality of RCA with 40.8% AM content.展开更多
In this manuscript,the neat epoxy(EP)and functionalized Fe3O4(G-Fe3O4)reinforced epoxy(G-Fe3O4/EP)coatings were cured under different temperatures,and the effect of the low curing temperature on the ...In this manuscript,the neat epoxy(EP)and functionalized Fe3O4(G-Fe3O4)reinforced epoxy(G-Fe3O4/EP)coatings were cured under different temperatures,and the effect of the low curing temperature on the anticorrosion performance was investigated.The experimental results show that the epoxy-amine ring-open addition reaction mainly exists in the curing process,and the activation energies of the reaction for the two coatings are 55.84 and 53.29 kJ/mol,respectively.For the coatings cured at the low temperature,almost no pores could be detected on the fracture surface,but the presentence of the rough regions reflects the poor curing state.As compared with the samples cured at the high temperature,the anticorrosion performance of the coatings with the low curing temperature is worse,and the decrease rate of the anticorrosion performance is slower,because of the poor curing state and low adhesion obtained at the low temperature.展开更多
[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the curing performance of polyurethane curing barn and reduce the cost of tobacco leaf flue-curing. [ Meth- odl The temperature control effect, curing effect and curing cos...[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the curing performance of polyurethane curing barn and reduce the cost of tobacco leaf flue-curing. [ Meth- odl The temperature control effect, curing effect and curing cost of polyurethane curing barn and traditional bulk curing barn were analyzed and compared. [ Re- suit] The results showed that there were no significant differences in curing performance between two types of curing barns. Horizontal temperature differences in- creased slightly as the temperature rose. Specifically, horizontal temperature differences between each layer ranged from 0.2 ~C to 0.5 ~. Both two types of curing barns exhibited uniform air distribution. Polyurethane curing barn exhibited stable vertical temperature differences. Both two types of curing barns presented good curing effects with slight differences. Polyurethane curing barn exhibited higher economic benefits, lower coal cost, lower electricity cost, lower labor cost and lon- ger service life than traditional bulk curing barn, but its construction cost was higher. [ Conclusion] Polyurethane curing barn exhibits better curing performance with ~ood application prospects.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12172045,U2241240,and 12221002)the National Program on Key Basic Research Project,China(Grant No.2019-JCJQ-ZD-308-00).
摘要The curing behavior of composites significantly influences their performance,making it crucial to understand the curing process.This study experimentally measured specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,glass transition temperature,coefficient of thermal expansion,and cure shrinkage of materials.A simulation model of its curing deformation was established and validated against strain data obtained from fiber Bragg grating experiments.The effects of thickness,heating rate,and cooling rate on the curing temperature field and residual stress field during the molding of thick-section composite plates were analyzed.
基金supported by the Research Project of Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.BJXZ2021-012-00046)。
摘要The study employs the mold hot pressing encapsulation method to embed fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensors into a miniature glass fiber-reinforced polymer(GFRP)composite.Experimental results confirmed the feasibility of using miniature GFRP-FBG sensors to monitor the epoxy resin curing process.Additionally,the sensors exhibited excellent linearity and repeatability in load monitoring.These findings offer important insights for optimizing the encapsulation process and further advancing the use of GFRP-FBG sensors in material monitoring applications.
基金provided by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB3401700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12302189 and 12220101002)the Shaanxi Provincial Key Science and Technology Innovation Team,China(No.2023-CX-TD-14)。
摘要An integrated real-time control methodology is introduced to mitigate process-induced challenges,namely temperature overshoot,uneven cure,and interfacial shear stress,during the autoclave curing of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer(CFRP)composites.First,a high-fidelity Finite Element(FE)model incorporating tool-part interaction is developed to reveal the curing process of the composites,wherein the interaction is characterized by friction interface modeling with experimentally measured cure-dependent friction coefficients.The accuracy of FE model is confirmed through experimental tests on a doubly curved T-stiffened composite panel.This validated model then generates a dataset of curing temperature profile and associated defect information,which is used to train a customized Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)neural network.We culminate in a real-time control framework that actively optimizes the curing process by integrating LSTM-based state prediction with Q-learning-driven decision logic.The optimized thermal profile demonstrates a clear performance enhancement over the traditional multi-dwell approach,achieving marked reductions in temperature difference,Degree of Cure(DoC)difference and tool-part interface shear stress,which provides more insights for intelligent composite manufacturing.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Research Institute(No.2024-9012,2025-9003A)the Research Institute of Highway,Ministry of Transport Pilot Project for Strengthening the Country through Transportation(No.QG2021-1-4-7)the State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures(No.SYSJJ2025-23)。
摘要This study investigated the crosslinking behavior and curing properties of environmentally friendly polyurethane(PU)modified asphalt(PUMA)prepared by in-situ polymerization.The research aimed to clarify the chemical reaction sites and sequence between the PU prepolymer(PUP)and asphalt components,and to evaluate the microstructural and performance evolution of PUMA during curing.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations were employed to predict reactive sites based on electrostatic potential and frontier molecular orbitals,and to compute Gibbs free energy and transition state energy barriers.The experimental results indicate that phenolic hydroxyl and pyridinic nitrogen in asphaltene molecules and phenolic hydroxyl in resin molecules are the primary sites for reaction with PUP.PUP reacts spontaneously with chain extender(BDO),water,asphaltene,and resin at room temperature,with the reaction following the order:BDO>H2O>asphaltene-1>asphaltene-2>resin.Microstructural analysis by atomic force microscopy reveals that PU acts as a bridge connecting asphaltene and resin,forming an integrated network that became more perfect with prolonged curing time.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of SARA fractions confirms the formation of amide bonds between PUP and asphalt components.The high-temperature performance of PUMA improves with curing time,while the low-temperature performance slightly decreases but still meets specification requirements after 180 days of curing.The findings can provide a fundamental basis for the design and preparation of high-performance PUMA.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21865017)。
摘要A novel epoxy-based silicon(VECSR)was synthesized from polymethylhydrosiloxane(PMHS)and 1,2-epoxy-4-vinylcyclohexane(VEC)via the hydrosilylation reaction.The structure of VECSR was characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR.A series of UV-curable materials were prepared by blending different ratios of VECSR and alicyclic epoxy resin(2021P)and UV curing with triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate salts solution(UVI-6976)as the photoinitiator,and then were tested for performance.The experimental results showed that when the content of VECSR was 10%,the comprehensive mechanical properties of the UVcurable material were the best,i e,the UV-curable sample with a tensile strength of 48.55 MPa,an elongation at break of 3.2%,the UV-curable film with a flexibility of 3 mm,and an impact strength of 20 kg·cm.Compared to a single 2021P system in the absence of VECSR,the UV-curable materials containing VECSR exhibited better hydrophobicity and thermal stability.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China Project(No.2022YFC3902705)。
摘要To solve the problems of low early strength and slow strength development of excess-sulfate phosphogypsum phosphorus slag cement(EPPSC),humid-heat curing(HHC)was used to improve the mechanical properties of EPPSC.Different contents of phosphogypsum(PG)and phosphorus slag were introduced into the system.The mass changes of the samples before and after curing were compared.The compressive strengths of the samples under HHC were measured and compared with those under standard curing(SC),respectively.The hydration mechanism of EPPSC under HHC conditions was investigated by XRD and SEM.The experimental results show that the strength of the EPPSC after 24 h of HHC is comparable to that of standard curing after 28 d,which can reach more than 30 MPa.The later strength of the specimens subjected to HHC is also improved.The suitable curing temperature is 60-70°C,the suitable curing time is 12-24 h,and the suitable PG dosage is 30%-50%.The EPPSC can obtain the compressive strength as 43.6 MPa at 28 d and 63.0 MPa at 90 d,while the problems of low early strength and slow strength development can be improved.HHC accelerates the formation of C-S-H gel and the growth of ettringite(AFt)crystals by promoting the dissociation of granulated blast furnace slag and phosphorus slag.At the same time,the growth and densification of gypsum crystals in PG-enriched areas form the PG microaggregate,enhancing the system's cementing ability,thus improving the overall performance of EPPSC materials.
基金supported by State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,Central South University,Changsha,China.
摘要To overcome reliance on molds and the difficulty of fabricating complex geometries with traditional C/C composites,direct ink writing(DIW)with UV/heat dual curing was employed to produce high-performance C/C composites.The rheological properties of the composite inks were systematically analyzed to assess the effects of phenolic resin(PR)and carbon fiber(CF)content.Results show pronounced shear-thinning behavior and strong thixotropy-both essential for stable DIW.Additionally,UV/heat curing behavior was characterized to provide theoretical insights for optimizing curing parameters.Notably,CF addition is found to significantly attenuate UV light penetration compared to pure PR.As CF content increases,the critical UV irradiation energy rises sharply from 68.47 to 911.19 mJ/cm2,necessitating precise adjustments to curing parameters.Preforms were pyrolyzed in a carbon tube furnace to examine pore-formation characteristics,and chemical vapor infiltration(CVI)was applied to filling the resulting pores,yielding C/C composites with a flexural strength of 115.19 MPa.
基金Project(52479115)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2024SF-YBXM-615)supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,China+1 种基金Project(2022943)supported by the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities,ChinaProject(300102283721)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
摘要Using solid waste as a substitute for conventional cement has become an important way to reduce carbon emissions.This paper attempted to utilize steel slag(SS)and fly ash(FA)as supplementary cementitious material by utilizing CO2mineralization curing technology.This study examined the dominant and interactive influences of the residual water/cement ratio,CO2pressure,curing time,and SS content on the mechanical properties and CO2uptake rate of CO2mineralization curing SS-FA-Portland cement ternary paste specimens.Additionally,microstructural development was analyzed.The findings demonstrated that each factor significantly affected compressive strength and CO2uptake rate,with factor interactions becoming more pronounced at higher SS dosages(>30%),lower residual water/cement ratios(0.1-0.15),and CO2pressures of 0.1-0.3 MPa.Microscopic examinations revealed that mineralization primarily yielded CaCO3and silica gel.The residual w/c ratio and SS content significantly influenced the CaCO3content and crystallinity of the mineralization products.Post-mineralization curing,the percentage of pores larger than 50 nm significantly decreased,the proportion of harmless pores smaller than 20 nm increased,and pore structure improved.This study also found that using CO2mineralization curing SS-FA-Portland cement solid waste concrete can significantly reduce the negative impact on the environment.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22203066)the 6th Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology (No.2020QNRC001)。
摘要The size effects were experimentally investigated and the underlying mechanism was analyzed.The results reveal that,as the specimen size increases,the interconnectivity of macropores slightly decreases.This in turn constrains the diffusion of CO2 and moisture in the specimens,resulting in an increase in the discrepancy between the internal and external carbonation degrees.An increase in cement paste thickness simultaneously decreases the quantity,average size,and interconnectivity of macropores,lowering the diffusion efficacy of CO2 and moisture and exacerbating the overall heterogeneity in carbonation.Moreover,the gradual blockage of macropores leads to the emergence of localized ‘occluded zones’ with much lower carbonation degree.The reduction in aggregate size significantly alters the average diameter and connectivity of macropores,leading to notable change to overall non-uniformity.This study provides insight into improving the CO2 curing effect of pervious concrete products and developing uniform curing methods.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21865017)。
摘要[2-(3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl)ethyl]dimethyltert-butylsilane was synthesized,using tert-butyldimethylsilane(TBDMS)and 1,2-epoxy-4-vinylcyclohexane(EVC)as the main raw materials and tris(triphenylphosphine)chlororhodium(I)[RhCl(Ph3P)3]as the catalyst.[2-(3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl)ethyl]dimethyltert-butylsilane is a novel kind of silicon-containing epoxide.The factors affecting the reaction yield,such as catalyst use,reaction time and reaction temperature,were investigated,and the synthesized product was characterized and analyzed by FT-IR and 1H-NMR.A series of amine-curing resins were prepared with[2-(3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl)ethyl]dimethyltert-butylsilane,bisphenol A epoxy resin(E-51)and modified amine(593 amine).The mechanical properties of cured splines with the different proportions of amine-curing resins were tested.When the content of 593 amine was 20%,the content of E-51 was 75%and the amount of[2-(3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl)ethyl]dimethyltert-butylsilane was 5%,the mechanical properties of the cured splines were the best with the tensile strength being 23.3 MPa,the elongation at break being 7.8%,and the Young's modulus being 421.3 MPa.
基金Project(LM(2022)-F-053)supported by the China Railway Resources Science and Technology。
摘要Molybdenum tailings are the solid waste left from ore processing,which damages soil and water resources.To address that,molybdenum tailings(MTs)powder obtained from molybdenum tailings sands was processed as an admixture.Compared with moisture-cured conditions,the influence of MTs on the steam-cured mortar’s mechanical properties,surface and internal pore characteristics,and microscopic morphology was investigated.The results show that steam-cured mortar containing appropriate MTs can still have high early strength.When the content of MTs doesn’t exceed 15%,the mechanical strength of mortar steam-cured for 3 d can reach 85%of that of corresponding mortar moisture-cured for 28 d,and that of mortar steam-cured for 28 d isn’t lower than 90%of that of pure cement mortar.The proportion of harmful pores(HFP)and more harmful pores(MHFP)and most probable pore diameters(MPD)on the mortar surface containing MTs steam-cured for 28 d are significantly decreased.When MTs’content is 15%,the proportion of HFP and MHFP on the surface of paste is decreased by 71.4%and 72.2%,respectively,with MPS decreasing from 12.7 nm to 10.8 nm.SEM analysis shows that the surfaces of steam-cured paste containing 15%MTs have more hydration products and dense microstructures.The effect of pozzolanic and dense filling of MTs effectively refines the pore structure,reducing the large pore-size pores.
基金Funded by the Guangxi Key Research and Development Program(No.GK AB19259008)the Director's Fund of Key Laboratory of Non-ferrous Metals and Materials Processing New Technology of Ministry of Education(No.22AA-6)。
摘要To address the negative impact of an internal curing agent on strength while preserving its ability to resist autogenous shrinkage,we investigated the incorporation of triethanolamine and triisopropanolamine as early-strength components.These additives were combined with an internal curing agent to prepare a compound early-strength internal curing agent so as to investigate how compound early-strength internal curing agents affect the mechanical characteristics and volume stability of mortar.This was assessed using a battery of tests,including strength,autogenous shrinkage,internal relative humidity,mercury intrusion porosimetry,X-ray powder diffraction,and scanning electron microscopy.These results indicate that the compound early-strength internal curing agent effectively maintains the volume stability of the mortar without compromising its early mechanical properties.The compressive strength ratios of the mortar mixed with the compound early-strength internal curing agent were 109.45% at 3 days and 119% at 7 days,indicating significant improvement compared with the internal curing agent.Furthermore,the 7-day autogenous shrinkage rate of the mortar was-56.78μm/m.The proportion of hazardous-grade pores larger than 100 nm was reduced to 3.54%,and the pore distribution was uniform.This study introduces innovative ideas and methods for mitigating the adverse effects of internal curing agents on the early strength of mortar.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 52374023, 52288101)Taishan Scholar Young Expert (Grant tsqn202306117)。
摘要Lost circulation, a recurring peril during drilling operations, entails substantial loss of drilling fluid and dire consequences upon its infiltration into the formation. As drilling depth escalates, the formation temperature and pressure intensify, imposing exacting demands on plug materials. In this study, a kind of controllable curing resin with dense cross-network structure was prepared by the method of solution stepwise ring-opening polymerization. The resin plugging material investigated in this study is a continuous phase material that offers effortless injection, robust filling capabilities, exceptional retention, and underground curing or crosslinking with high strength. Its versatility is not constrained by fracture-cavity lose channels, making it suitable for fulfilling the essential needs of various fracture-cavity combinations when plugging fracture-cavity carbonate rocks. Notably, the curing duration can be fine-tuned within the span of 3-7 h, catering to the plugging of drilling fluid losing of diverse fracture dimensions. Experimental scrutiny encompassed the rheological properties and curing behavior of the resin plugging system, unraveling the intricacies of the curing process and establishing a cogent kinetic model. The experimental results show that the urea-formaldehyde resin plugging material has a tight chain or network structure. When the concentration of the urea-formaldehyde resin plugging system solution remains below 30%, the viscosity clocks in at a meager 10 mPa·s. Optimum curing transpires at 60℃, showcasing impressive resilience to saline conditions. Remarkably, when immersed in a composite saltwater environment containing 50000 mg/L NaCl and 100000 mg/L CaCl2, the urea-formaldehyde resin consolidates into an even more compact network structure, culminating in an outstanding compressive strength of 41.5 MPa. Through resolving the correlation between conversion and the apparent activation energy of the non-isothermal DSC curing reaction parameters, the study attests to the fulfillment of the kinetic equation for the urea-formaldehyde resin plugging system. This discerning analysis illuminates the nuanced shifts in the microscopic reaction mechanism of the urea-formaldehyde resin plugging system. Furthermore, the pressure bearing plugging capacity of the resin plugging system for fractures of different sizes is also studied. It is found that the resin plugging system can effectively resident in parallel and wedge-shaped fractures of different sizes, and form high-strength consolidation under certain temperature conditions. The maximum plugging pressure of resin plugging system for parallel fractures with outlet size 3 mm can reach 9.92 MPa, and the maximum plugging pressure for wedge-shaped fractures with outlet size 5 mm can reach 9.90 MPa. Consequently, the exploration and application of urea-formaldehyde resin plugging material precipitate a paradigm shift, proffering novel concepts and methodologies in resolving the practical quandaries afflicting drilling fluid plugging.
基金Project(2018YFA0702800)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China。
摘要Carbon fiber reinforced plastics provide many excellent properties and are widely used in the aerospace industry.However,the existing composites autoclave process still faces difficulties such as high-energy consumption,uneven distribution of temperature field,complications of pressure transmission,and high cost,which limit their application in manufacturing of large complex composites components.In this study,the vibration treatment was introduced into the composites microwave curing process innovatively.On the basis of giving full play to the uniform heating characteristics of the microwave,the problems of a large number of internal defects and poor molding quality caused by the insufficient curing pressure have been solved.The results showed that the samples cured by the improved microwave process without external pressure had a few internal voids,excellent interface bonding conditions,and lower residual stress.Their properties were almost consistent with the samples prepared by the standard autoclave process,which provided a new method for the high-performance,efficient,safe,and low-cost manufacturing of large complex composites components.
摘要To study the curing mechanism of alkaline phenolic resin with organic ester, three esters were chosen to react with three systems - alkaline phenolic resin, potassium hydroxide aqueous solution containing phenol, and potassium hydroxide aqueous solution. The variations of pH, heat release and gel pH during the reactions were monitored and measured. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and thermal gravity analysis (TG) techniques were used to characterize the curing reaction. It was found that organic ester is only partial y hydrolyzed and resin can be cured through organic ester hydrolysis process as wel as the reaction with redundant organic ester. The sequential curing mechanism of alkaline phenolic resin cured by organic ester was identified as fol ows: a portion of organic ester is firstly hydrolyzed owing to the effect of the strong alkaline; the gel is then formed after the pH decreases to about 10.8-10.88, meanwhile, the redundant organic ester (i.e. non-hydrolysis ester) starts the curing reaction with the resin. It has also been found that the curing rate depends on the hydrolysis velocity of organic ester. The faster the hydrolysis speed of the ester, the faster the curing rate of the resin.
基金The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2017XKQY014)
摘要To study the effects of secondary water( SW) curing of 20 ℃ for 7 d on concrete long-term strength and durability after steam-autoclave curing, concrete specimens were fabricated and subjected to standard,steam-autoclave or steamautoclave + SW curing. The compressive strength,accelerated carbonation depth, and Coulomb electric charges of the specimens were tested at the ages of 28,90,180,and 360 d.Furthermore,mercury intrusion porosimetry experiments on the specimens were conducted at the age of 180 d. Results indicate that compared with standard curing,steam-autoclave curing can enhance the early-age strength of concrete; however, it is detrimental to the development of later-age strength, and reduces chloride and carbonation resistance. Due to the replenishment of water into concrete,SW curing can refine the micro-pore size and decrease the ratio of harmful and more harmful pores in concrete. As a result,SW curing is effective in improving the long-term strength and durability of steamautoclaved concrete,and makes it approach that under standard curing. The improvement amplitudes of SW curing on the concrete compressive strength, chloride and carbonation resistance at 360 d can reach 20. 3%,48. 6%,and 80. 9%,respectively.
基金The research was supported by the open fund from the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing(SKJ-9805)
摘要This paper discusses the fundamental principle of microwave heating, and based on the advantages of microwave heating, use maleic anhydride as curing agent. The technology of microwave curing E44 epoxy resins is investigated, the mechanical properties of cured epoxy resin samples in different contents of curing agent by microwave and thermal curing methods are measured respectively, and then some experimental results for which are obtained. At last, this paper analyses why microwave curing can improve mechanical property of epoxy resin.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52078068, 52108190)Changzhou Science and Technology Project (No. CJ20200079)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (No. KYCX21_2846)。
摘要The effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) curing conditions (temperature,relative humidity and CO2 curing time) on the physical properties of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) with varying attached mortar (AM) contents were studied.Before and after CO2 curing,the physical properties in terms of the apparent density,water absorption and crushing value of RCA were tested and the quality of RCA was determined.Besides,scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microstructure of RCA.Results show that the physical properties variation of RCA with higher AM content are more significant,and the quality of RCA with lower AM content is easier to be upgraded during CO2 curing.The physical properties of RCA with 40.8% AM content are earlier stable than that with no less than 44.5% AM content during CO2 curing.The optimal temperature and relative humidity are 50 ℃ and 55% for CO2 curing,respectively.CO2 curing is incapable of upgrading the quality of RCA with AM no less than 50.6%.The quality of RCA with 44.5% AM content can be upgraded only under the optimum CO2 curing conditions.Under relative humidity higher than 40% and the CO2 curing time more than 12 h,CO2 curing upgrades the quality of RCA with 40.8% AM content.
基金Project(U2106216)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
摘要In this manuscript,the neat epoxy(EP)and functionalized Fe3O4(G-Fe3O4)reinforced epoxy(G-Fe3O4/EP)coatings were cured under different temperatures,and the effect of the low curing temperature on the anticorrosion performance was investigated.The experimental results show that the epoxy-amine ring-open addition reaction mainly exists in the curing process,and the activation energies of the reaction for the two coatings are 55.84 and 53.29 kJ/mol,respectively.For the coatings cured at the low temperature,almost no pores could be detected on the fracture surface,but the presentence of the rough regions reflects the poor curing state.As compared with the samples cured at the high temperature,the anticorrosion performance of the coatings with the low curing temperature is worse,and the decrease rate of the anticorrosion performance is slower,because of the poor curing state and low adhesion obtained at the low temperature.
基金Supported by Project of Zunyi Tobacco Company[ZYJ(2014)No.201407]
摘要[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the curing performance of polyurethane curing barn and reduce the cost of tobacco leaf flue-curing. [ Meth- odl The temperature control effect, curing effect and curing cost of polyurethane curing barn and traditional bulk curing barn were analyzed and compared. [ Re- suit] The results showed that there were no significant differences in curing performance between two types of curing barns. Horizontal temperature differences in- creased slightly as the temperature rose. Specifically, horizontal temperature differences between each layer ranged from 0.2 ~C to 0.5 ~. Both two types of curing barns exhibited uniform air distribution. Polyurethane curing barn exhibited stable vertical temperature differences. Both two types of curing barns presented good curing effects with slight differences. Polyurethane curing barn exhibited higher economic benefits, lower coal cost, lower electricity cost, lower labor cost and lon- ger service life than traditional bulk curing barn, but its construction cost was higher. [ Conclusion] Polyurethane curing barn exhibits better curing performance with ~ood application prospects.