Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are cells that become detached from a primary tumor and enter the vascular or lymphatic system.These cells contain nearly the entire genetic information of the primary tumor.Enrichment and...Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are cells that become detached from a primary tumor and enter the vascular or lymphatic system.These cells contain nearly the entire genetic information of the primary tumor.Enrichment and detection of CTCs play a crucial role in prognostications and risk assessments of tumor metastasis and recurrence,evaluation of efficacy and potential medications for precision tumor therapy,and detection of dynamic biomarkers during tumor treatment.Current methods of CTC capture often face the challenge of balancing capture rate and purity.To address these issues,we propose a microfluidic biochip based on the principle of immunoaffinity,which incorporates a herringbone microchannel and deterministic lateral displacement(DLD)technology for the capture of CTCs.By manipulating the internal structural design of the microfluidic chip,we optimized the flow field within the chip,thereby enhancing the contact frequency between cells and aptamers and ultimately improving the capture rate.The proposed chip demonstrated a capture efficiency of approximately 91.87%for human breast cancer cells(MCF7),with a release rate of 77.5%.The relative activity of the released cells was approximately 94.08%.Notably,the specificity of the aptamers toward tumor cell surface antigens enables high-purity capture.Additionally,the use of DNA enzymes to digest aptamers facilitates the release of high-activity CTCs,offering a method to simultaneously achieve a high capture rate,purity,and activity enrichment.展开更多
Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),due to their adaptable mobility and various applications,including supporting communication infrastructure,monitoring,and rescue,are becoming increasingly valuable,making them a valuable...Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),due to their adaptable mobility and various applications,including supporting communication infrastructure,monitoring,and rescue,are becoming increasingly valuable,making them a valuable addition to emergency communication networks.Even though cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output(CF-mMIMO)networks provide high communication data rates,their immobility makes it difficult to maintain quality network continuity in emergency,unpredictable,and congested areas where users’equipment is located.To mitigate this challenge,the integration of aerial access points(AAPs)into CF-mMIMO networks is proposed by using the multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient(MADDPG)framework,which teaches several UAVs to jointly learn the best deployment plans by estimating user distributions and traffic demand trends on invitations to provide tremendous dynamic coverage,increased spectral efficiency(SE),and throughput maximization.The predictive component framework utilizes a long short-term memory(LSTM)network model incorporating concepts of learning,association,movement,and service provision for temporal traffic forecasting,thereby ensuring proactive UAV positioning before coverage holes emerge.Our extensive simulation results demonstrate that the MADDPG-based throughput deployment strategy achieves approximately 45 Gbps for 50 UAVs,the SE for downlink and uplink of 10.2 bps/Hz and 15.2 bps/Hz,respectively,and the minimal transmit power of 3.5 kJ as compared with the multi-agent soft actorcritic(MASAC)method,traditional heuristic-LSTM,and single-agent reinforcement learning approaches.展开更多
The functionalization of atomically-thin transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)with organic molecules is a promising approach for realizing nanoscale optoelectronic devices with tailored functionalities,such as quantu...The functionalization of atomically-thin transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)with organic molecules is a promising approach for realizing nanoscale optoelectronic devices with tailored functionalities,such as quantum light generation or p-n junctions.However,achieving precise control over the molecules'positioning on the 2D material remains a significant challenge.Here,we overcome the limitations of solution-and vapor-deposition methods and use a DNA origami placement technique to spatially arrange thiol molecules on a chip surface at the single-molecule level with high assembly yields.We successfully integrated MoS monolayers with micron-scale thiol-origami patterns,creating quantum-emitting sites from thiol-induced localized excitons in MoS.Our work lays a foundation for the chemical control of quantum emitters in atomically-thin semiconductors and enables the design and production of ultracompact 2D devices for quantum technologies.展开更多
Deterministic nanoscale positioning of metallic nanoparticles is critical for constructing functional nanophotonic and plasmonic devices.Here,we demonstrate robust on-surface trapping and manipulation of individual go...Deterministic nanoscale positioning of metallic nanoparticles is critical for constructing functional nanophotonic and plasmonic devices.Here,we demonstrate robust on-surface trapping and manipulation of individual gold nanoparticles using tightly focused optical vortex beams.This approach offers three key advantages:(i)nanometer-level positioning accuracy on solid substrates,(ii)broad compatibility with particle sizes spanning micrometers to the submicrometer regime,and(iii)high reproducibility with negligible photothermal damage.Leveraging these capabilities,we achieve reliable assembly of plasmonic nanoplates into user-defined geometries and construct plasmonic dimer nanocavities.These results establish a simple,non-destructive,far-field strategy for deterministic assembling functional plasmonic nanostructures with precise spatial control.The method provides a cost-effective platform for designing quantum photonic devices,enhancing light–matter interactions,and enabling next-generation integrated nanophotonic systems.展开更多
The Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)is increasingly vulnerable to sophisticated cyber threats,particularly zero-day attacks that exploit unknown vulnerabilities and evade traditional security measures.To address th...The Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)is increasingly vulnerable to sophisticated cyber threats,particularly zero-day attacks that exploit unknown vulnerabilities and evade traditional security measures.To address this critical challenge,this paper proposes a dynamic defense framework named Zero-day-aware Stackelberg Game-based Multi-Agent Distributed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(ZSG-MAD3PG).The framework integrates Stackelberg game modeling with the Multi-Agent Distributed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(MAD3PG)algorithm and incorporates defensive deception(DD)strategies to achieve adaptive and efficient protection.While conventional methods typically incur considerable resource overhead and exhibit higher latency due to static or rigid defensive mechanisms,the proposed ZSG-MAD3PG framework mitigates these limitations through multi-stage game modeling and adaptive learning,enabling more efficient resource utilization and faster response times.The Stackelberg-based architecture allows defenders to dynamically optimize packet sampling strategies,while attackers adjust their tactics to reach rapid equilibrium.Furthermore,dynamic deception techniques reduce the time required for the concealment of attacks and the overall system burden.A lightweight behavioral fingerprinting detection mechanism further enhances real-time zero-day attack identification within industrial device clusters.ZSG-MAD3PG demonstrates higher true positive rates(TPR)and lower false alarm rates(FAR)compared to existing methods,while also achieving improved latency,resource efficiency,and stealth adaptability in IIoT zero-day defense scenarios.展开更多
GNSS time series analysis provides an effective method for research on the earth's surface deformation,and it can be divided into two parts,deterministic models and stochastic models.The former part can be achieve...GNSS time series analysis provides an effective method for research on the earth's surface deformation,and it can be divided into two parts,deterministic models and stochastic models.The former part can be achieved by several parameters,such as polynomial terms,periodic terms,offsets,and post-seismic models.The latter contains some stochastic noises,which can be affected by detecting the former parameters.If there are not enough parameters assumed,modeling errors will occur and adversely affect the analysis results.In this study,we propose a processing strategy in which the commonly-used 1-order of the polynomial term can be replaced with different orders for better fitting GNSS time series of the Crustal Movement Network of China(CMONOC)stations.Initially,we use the Bayesian Information Criterion(BIC)to identify the best order within the range of 1-4 during the fitting process using the white noise plus power-law noise(WN+PL)model.Then,we compare the 1-order and the optimal order on the effect of deterministic models in GNSS time series,including the velocity and its uncertainty,amplitudes,and initial phases of the annual signals.The results indicate that the first-order polynomial in the GNSS time series is not the primary factor.The root mean square(RMS)reduction rates of almost all station components are positive,which means the new fitting of optimal-order polynomial helps to reduce the RMS of residual series.Most stations maintain the velocity difference(VD)within ±1 mm/yr,with percentages of 85.6%,81.9%and 63.4%in the North,East,and Up components,respectively.As for annual signals,the numbers of amplitude difference(AD)remained at ±0.2 mm are 242,239,and 200 in three components,accounting for 99.6%,98.4%,and 82.3%,respectively.This finding reminds us that the detection of the optimal-order polynomial is necessary when we aim to acquire an accurate understanding of the crustal movement features.展开更多
The rise in construction activities within mountainous regions has significantly increased the frequency of rockfalls.Statistical models for rockfall hazard assessment often struggle to achieve high precision on a lar...The rise in construction activities within mountainous regions has significantly increased the frequency of rockfalls.Statistical models for rockfall hazard assessment often struggle to achieve high precision on a large scale.This limitation arises primarily from the scarcity of historical rockfall data and the inadequacy of conventional assessment indicators in capturing the physical and structural characteristics of rockfalls.This study proposes a physically based deterministic model designed to accurately quantify rockfall hazards at a large scale.The model accounts for multiple rockfall failure modes and incorporates the key physical and structural parameters of the rock mass.Rockfall hazard is defined as the product of three factors:the rockfall failure probability,the probability of reaching a specific position,and the corresponding impact intensity.The failure probability includes probabilities of formation and instability of rock blocks under different failure modes,modeled based on the combination patterns of slope surfaces and rock discontinuities.The Monte Carlo method is employed to account for the randomness of mechanical and geometric parameters when quantifying instability probabilities.Additionally,the rock trajectories and impact energies simulated using Flow-R software are combined with rockfall failure probability to enable regional rockfall hazard zoning.A case study was conducted in Tiefeng,Chongqing,China,considering four types of rockfall failure modes.Hazard zoning results identified the steep and elevated terrains of the northern and southern anaclinal slopes as areas of highest rockfall hazard.These findings align with observed conditions,providing detailed hazard zoning and validating the effectiveness and potential of the proposed model.展开更多
Time synchronization is a prerequisite for ensuring determinism in time-sensitive networking(TSN).While time synchronization errors cannot be overlooked,pursuing minimal time errors may incur unnecessary costs.Using c...Time synchronization is a prerequisite for ensuring determinism in time-sensitive networking(TSN).While time synchronization errors cannot be overlooked,pursuing minimal time errors may incur unnecessary costs.Using complex network theory,this study proposes a hierarchy for TSN and introduces the concept of bounded time error.A coupling model between traffic scheduling and time synchronization is established,deriving functional relationships among end-to-end delay,delay jitter,gate window,and time error.These relationships illustrate that time errors can trigger jumps in delay and delay jitter.To evaluate different time errors impact on traffic scheduling performance,an end-to-end transmission experiment scheme is designed,along with the construction of a TSN test platform implementing two representative cases.Case A is a closed TSN domain scenario with pure TSN switches emulating closed factory floor network.Case B depicts remote factory interconnection where TSN domains link via non-TSN domains composed of OpenFlow switches.Results from Case A show that delay and delay jitter on a single node are most significantly affected by time errors,up to one gating cycle.End-to-end delay jitter tends to increase with the number of hops.When the ratio of time error bound to window exceeds 10%,the number of schedulable traffic flows decreases rapidly.Case B reveals that when time error is below 1μs,the number of schedulable traffic flows begins to increase significantly,approaching full schedulability at errors below 0.6μs.展开更多
The large-photon-number quantum state is a fundamental but nonresolved request for practical quantum information applications.We propose an N-photon state generation scheme that is feasible and scalable,using lithium ...The large-photon-number quantum state is a fundamental but nonresolved request for practical quantum information applications.We propose an N-photon state generation scheme that is feasible and scalable,using lithium niobate on insulator circuits.Such a scheme is based on the integration of a common building block called photon-number doubling unit(PDU)for deterministic single-photon parametric downconversion and upconversion.The PDU relies on a 107-optical-quality-factor resonator and mW-level on-chip power,which is within the current fabrication and experimental limits.N-photon state generation schemes,with cluster and Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state as examples,are shown for different quantum tasks.展开更多
A novel efficient deterministic secure quantum communication scheme based on four-qubit cluster states and single-photon identity authentication is proposed. In this scheme, the two authenticated users can transmit tw...A novel efficient deterministic secure quantum communication scheme based on four-qubit cluster states and single-photon identity authentication is proposed. In this scheme, the two authenticated users can transmit two bits of classical information per cluster state, and its efficiency of the quantum communication is 1/3, which is approximately 1.67 times that of the previous protocol presented by Wang et al [Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 (2006) 2658]. Security analysis shows the present scheme is secure against intercept-resend attack and the impersonator's attack. Furthermore, it is more economic with present-day techniques and easily processed by a one-way quantum computer.展开更多
Community resilience is becoming a growing concern for authorities and decision makers.This paper introduces two indicator-based methods to evaluate the resilience of communities based on the PEOPLES framework.PEOPLES...Community resilience is becoming a growing concern for authorities and decision makers.This paper introduces two indicator-based methods to evaluate the resilience of communities based on the PEOPLES framework.PEOPLES is a multi-layered framework that defines community resilience using seven dimensions.Each of the dimensions is described through a set of resilience indicators collected from literature and they are linked to a measure allowing the analytical computation of the indicator’s performance.The first method proposed in this paper requires data on previous disasters as an input and returns as output a performance function for each indicator and a performance function for the whole community.The second method exploits a knowledge-based fuzzy modeling for its implementation.This method allows a quantitative evaluation of the PEOPLES indicators using descriptive knowledge rather than deterministic data including the uncertainty involved in the analysis.The output of the fuzzy-based method is a resilience index for each indicator as well as a resilience index for the community.The paper also introduces an open source online tool in which the first method is implemented.A case study illustrating the application of the first method and the usage of the tool is also provided in the paper.展开更多
We propose two schemes for quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) and deterministic securequantum communication (DSQC) over collective dephasing noisy channel.In our schemes,four special two-qubit statesare used a...We propose two schemes for quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) and deterministic securequantum communication (DSQC) over collective dephasing noisy channel.In our schemes,four special two-qubit statesare used as the quantum channel.Since these states are unchanged through the collective dephasing noisy channel,the effect of the channel noise can be perfectly overcome.Simultaneously,the security against some usual attacks canbe ensured by utilizing the various checking procedures.Furthermore,these two schemes are feasible with present-daytechnique.展开更多
The average-passage equation system (APES) provides a rigorous mathematical framework for account- ing for the unsteady blade row interaction through multistage compressors in steady state environment by introducing...The average-passage equation system (APES) provides a rigorous mathematical framework for account- ing for the unsteady blade row interaction through multistage compressors in steady state environment by introducing de- terministic correlations (DC) that need to be modeled to close the equation system. The primary purpose of this study was to provide insight into the DC characteristics and the in- fluence of DC on the time-averaged flow field of the APES. In Part 2 of this two-part paper, the influence of DC on the time-averaged flow field was systematically studied; Several time-averaging computations boundary conditions and DC were conducted with various for the downstream stator in a transonic compressor stage, by employing the CFD solver developed in Part 1 of this two-part paper. These results were compared with the time-averaged unsteady flow field and the steady one. The study indicat;d that the circumferential- averaged DC can take into account major part of the unsteady effects on spanwise redistribution of flow fields in compres- sors. Furthermore, it demonstrated that both deterministic stresses and deterministic enthalpy fluxes are necessary to reproduce the time-averaged flow field.展开更多
We present a novel protocol for deterministic secure quantum communication by using the lour-qubit cluster state as quantum channel. It is shown that two legitimate users can directly transmit the secret messages base...We present a novel protocol for deterministic secure quantum communication by using the lour-qubit cluster state as quantum channel. It is shown that two legitimate users can directly transmit the secret messages based on Bellbasis measurements and classical communication. The present protocol makes use of the ideas of block transmission and decoy particle checking technique. It has a high capacity as each cluster state can carry two 5its of information, and has a high intrinsic efficieney 5ecause almost all the instances except the decoy checking particles (its numSer is negligible) are useful. Furthermore, this protocol is feasible with present-day technique.展开更多
A method for electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern modeling and recognition via deterministic learning theory is presented in this paper. Instead of recognizing ECG signals beat-to-beat, each ECG signal which contains a n...A method for electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern modeling and recognition via deterministic learning theory is presented in this paper. Instead of recognizing ECG signals beat-to-beat, each ECG signal which contains a number of heartbeats is recognized. The method is based entirely on the temporal features (i.e., the dynamics) of ECG patterns, which contains complete information of ECG patterns. A dynamical model is employed to demonstrate the method, which is capable of generating synthetic ECG signals. Based on the dynamical model, the method is shown in the following two phases: the identification (training) phase and the recognition (test) phase. In the identification phase, the dynamics of ECG patterns is accurately modeled and expressed as constant RBF neural weights through the deterministic learning. In the recognition phase, the modeling results are used for ECG pattern recognition. The main feature of the proposed method is that the dynamics of ECG patterns is accurately modeled and is used for ECG pattern recognition. Experimental studies using the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) database are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.展开更多
This study proposes two novel fault tolerant deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) schemes resistant to collective noise using logical Bell states. Either DSQC scheme is constructed based on a new coding...This study proposes two novel fault tolerant deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) schemes resistant to collective noise using logical Bell states. Either DSQC scheme is constructed based on a new coding function, which is designed by exploiting the property of the corresponding logical Bell states immune to collective-dephasing noise and collective-rotation noise, respectively. The secret message can be encoded by two simple unitary operations and decoded by merely performing Bell measurements, which can make the proposed scheme more convenient in practical applications. Moreover, the strategy of one-step quanta transmission, together with the technique of decoy logical qubits checking not only reduces the influence of other noise existing in a quantum channel, but also guarantees the security of the communication between two legitimate users. The final analysis shows that the proposed schemes are feasible and robust against various well-known attacks over the collective noise channel.展开更多
The average-passage equation system (APES) provides a rigorous mathematical framework for account- ing for the unsteady blade row interaction through multi- stage compressors in steady state environment by introduc-...The average-passage equation system (APES) provides a rigorous mathematical framework for account- ing for the unsteady blade row interaction through multi- stage compressors in steady state environment by introduc- ing deterministic correlations (DC) that need to be modeled to close the equation system. The primary purpose of this study is to provide insight into the DC characteristics and the influence of DC on the time-averaged flow field of the APES. In Part 1 of this two-part paper, firstly a 3D viscous unsteady and time-averaging flow CFD solver is developed to investi- gate the APES technique. Then steady and unsteady simu- lations are conducted in a transonic compressor stage. The results from both simulations are compared to highlight the significance of the unsteady interactions. Furthermore, the distribution characteristics of DC are studied and the DC at the rotor/stator interface are compared with their spatial cor- relations (SC). Lastly, steady and time-averaging (employing APES with DC) simulations for the downstream stator alone are conducted employing DC derived from the unsteady re- suits. The results from steady and time-averaging simula- tions are compared with the time-averaged unsteady results. The comparisons demonstrate that the simulation employing APES with DC can reproduce the time-averaged field and the 3D viscous time-averaging flow solver is validated.展开更多
In order to obtain any probability of survival for crack growth life, a randomization method of deterministic equation for probability fracture mechanics is presented. According to this method, the deterministic equat...In order to obtain any probability of survival for crack growth life, a randomization method of deterministic equation for probability fracture mechanics is presented. According to this method, the deterministic equation of fracture mechanics is randomized to stochastic equation, and the parameters of the stochastic equation are estimated by means of the statistics. Three new kinds of random models to gain the p d a/ d N Δ K curve and the γ p d a/ d N Δ K curve (confidence level probability of survival fatigue crack growth rate stress intensity factor range curve) are proposed by using this randomization method. And the p d a/ d N Δ K curves and the γ p d a/ d N Δ K curves determined by these three models are discussed and compared according to the treatment result of the experimental data from CT specimens. From examples, it is found that the three deterministic fatigue crack growth rate equations determined by these models are very near and in agreement with the traditional deterministic fatigue crack growth rate equation, and these models are effectively and easily used to treat fatigue crack growth rate data.展开更多
A novel immune-swarm intelligence(ISI)based algorithm for solving the deterministic coverage problems of wireless sensor networks was presented.It makes full use of information sharing and retains diversity from the p...A novel immune-swarm intelligence(ISI)based algorithm for solving the deterministic coverage problems of wireless sensor networks was presented.It makes full use of information sharing and retains diversity from the principle of particle swarm optimization(PSO)and artificial immune system(AIS).The algorithm was analyzed in detail and proper swarm size,evolving generations,gene-exchange individual order,and gene-exchange proportion in molecule were obtained for better algorithm performances.According to the test results,the appropriate parameters are about 50 swarm individuals,over 3000 evolving generations,20%-25%gene-exchange proportion in molecule with gene-exchange taking place between better fitness affinity individuals.The algorithm is practical and effective in maximizing the coverage probability with given number of sensors and minimizing sensor numbers with required coverage probability in sensor placement.It can reach a better result quickly,especially with the proper calculation parameters.展开更多
Recently,an approach for the rapid detection of small oscillation faults based on deterministic learning theory was proposed for continuous-time systems.In this paper,a fault detection scheme is proposed for a class o...Recently,an approach for the rapid detection of small oscillation faults based on deterministic learning theory was proposed for continuous-time systems.In this paper,a fault detection scheme is proposed for a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems via deterministic learning.By using a discrete-time extension of deterministic learning algorithm,the general fault functions(i.e.,the internal dynamics)underlying normal and fault modes of nonlinear discrete-time systems are locally-accurately approximated by discrete-time dynamical radial basis function(RBF)networks.Then,a bank of estimators with the obtained knowledge of system dynamics embedded is constructed,and a set of residuals are obtained and used to measure the differences between the dynamics of the monitored system and the dynamics of the trained systems.A fault detection decision scheme is presented according to the smallest residual principle,i.e.,the occurrence of a fault can be detected in a discrete-time setting by comparing the magnitude of residuals.The fault detectability analysis is carried out and the upper bound of detection time is derived.A simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.展开更多
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of High performance Precision Manufacturing(No.HPMKF202412)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LZ25E050001)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52275294)the Zhejiang Provincial‘Pioneer Leading Swan+X’Science and Technology Program(No.2025C02122),China.
摘要Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are cells that become detached from a primary tumor and enter the vascular or lymphatic system.These cells contain nearly the entire genetic information of the primary tumor.Enrichment and detection of CTCs play a crucial role in prognostications and risk assessments of tumor metastasis and recurrence,evaluation of efficacy and potential medications for precision tumor therapy,and detection of dynamic biomarkers during tumor treatment.Current methods of CTC capture often face the challenge of balancing capture rate and purity.To address these issues,we propose a microfluidic biochip based on the principle of immunoaffinity,which incorporates a herringbone microchannel and deterministic lateral displacement(DLD)technology for the capture of CTCs.By manipulating the internal structural design of the microfluidic chip,we optimized the flow field within the chip,thereby enhancing the contact frequency between cells and aptamers and ultimately improving the capture rate.The proposed chip demonstrated a capture efficiency of approximately 91.87%for human breast cancer cells(MCF7),with a release rate of 77.5%.The relative activity of the released cells was approximately 94.08%.Notably,the specificity of the aptamers toward tumor cell surface antigens enables high-purity capture.Additionally,the use of DNA enzymes to digest aptamers facilitates the release of high-activity CTCs,offering a method to simultaneously achieve a high capture rate,purity,and activity enrichment.
摘要Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),due to their adaptable mobility and various applications,including supporting communication infrastructure,monitoring,and rescue,are becoming increasingly valuable,making them a valuable addition to emergency communication networks.Even though cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output(CF-mMIMO)networks provide high communication data rates,their immobility makes it difficult to maintain quality network continuity in emergency,unpredictable,and congested areas where users’equipment is located.To mitigate this challenge,the integration of aerial access points(AAPs)into CF-mMIMO networks is proposed by using the multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient(MADDPG)framework,which teaches several UAVs to jointly learn the best deployment plans by estimating user distributions and traffic demand trends on invitations to provide tremendous dynamic coverage,increased spectral efficiency(SE),and throughput maximization.The predictive component framework utilizes a long short-term memory(LSTM)network model incorporating concepts of learning,association,movement,and service provision for temporal traffic forecasting,thereby ensuring proactive UAV positioning before coverage holes emerge.Our extensive simulation results demonstrate that the MADDPG-based throughput deployment strategy achieves approximately 45 Gbps for 50 UAVs,the SE for downlink and uplink of 10.2 bps/Hz and 15.2 bps/Hz,respectively,and the minimal transmit power of 3.5 kJ as compared with the multi-agent soft actorcritic(MASAC)method,traditional heuristic-LSTM,and single-agent reinforcement learning approaches.
基金funding from the ERC consolidator grant"DNA Funs"(Project ID:818635)support from the cluster of excellence e-conversion EXC 2089/1-390776260+5 种基金funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)and the Free State of Bavaria under the Excellence Strategy of the Federal Government and the Länder through the ONE MUNiCH Project Munich Multiscale Biofabricationsupport from the JSPS KAKENHI(Grant Numbers 21H05233 and 23H02052)the CREST(JPMJCR24A5)JST and World Premier International Research Center Initiative(WPI)MEXT,Japan.A.H.acknowledges funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)within the Priority Programme SPP 22442DMP and the Germany's Excellence Strategy EXC-2111-390814868(MCQST)the Bavarian Hightech Agenda within the EQAP project.
摘要The functionalization of atomically-thin transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)with organic molecules is a promising approach for realizing nanoscale optoelectronic devices with tailored functionalities,such as quantum light generation or p-n junctions.However,achieving precise control over the molecules'positioning on the 2D material remains a significant challenge.Here,we overcome the limitations of solution-and vapor-deposition methods and use a DNA origami placement technique to spatially arrange thiol molecules on a chip surface at the single-molecule level with high assembly yields.We successfully integrated MoS monolayers with micron-scale thiol-origami patterns,creating quantum-emitting sites from thiol-induced localized excitons in MoS.Our work lays a foundation for the chemical control of quantum emitters in atomically-thin semiconductors and enables the design and production of ultracompact 2D devices for quantum technologies.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12474425)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,under the 2024 Shanghai Action Plan for Science,Technology and Innovation(Grant No.24ZR1453000).
摘要Deterministic nanoscale positioning of metallic nanoparticles is critical for constructing functional nanophotonic and plasmonic devices.Here,we demonstrate robust on-surface trapping and manipulation of individual gold nanoparticles using tightly focused optical vortex beams.This approach offers three key advantages:(i)nanometer-level positioning accuracy on solid substrates,(ii)broad compatibility with particle sizes spanning micrometers to the submicrometer regime,and(iii)high reproducibility with negligible photothermal damage.Leveraging these capabilities,we achieve reliable assembly of plasmonic nanoplates into user-defined geometries and construct plasmonic dimer nanocavities.These results establish a simple,non-destructive,far-field strategy for deterministic assembling functional plasmonic nanostructures with precise spatial control.The method provides a cost-effective platform for designing quantum photonic devices,enhancing light–matter interactions,and enabling next-generation integrated nanophotonic systems.
基金funded in part by the Humanities and Social Sciences Planning Foundation of Ministry of Education of China under Grant No.24YJAZH123National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of China under Grant No.202510347069the Huzhou Science and Technology Planning Foundation under Grant No.2023GZ04.
摘要The Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)is increasingly vulnerable to sophisticated cyber threats,particularly zero-day attacks that exploit unknown vulnerabilities and evade traditional security measures.To address this critical challenge,this paper proposes a dynamic defense framework named Zero-day-aware Stackelberg Game-based Multi-Agent Distributed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(ZSG-MAD3PG).The framework integrates Stackelberg game modeling with the Multi-Agent Distributed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(MAD3PG)algorithm and incorporates defensive deception(DD)strategies to achieve adaptive and efficient protection.While conventional methods typically incur considerable resource overhead and exhibit higher latency due to static or rigid defensive mechanisms,the proposed ZSG-MAD3PG framework mitigates these limitations through multi-stage game modeling and adaptive learning,enabling more efficient resource utilization and faster response times.The Stackelberg-based architecture allows defenders to dynamically optimize packet sampling strategies,while attackers adjust their tactics to reach rapid equilibrium.Furthermore,dynamic deception techniques reduce the time required for the concealment of attacks and the overall system burden.A lightweight behavioral fingerprinting detection mechanism further enhances real-time zero-day attack identification within industrial device clusters.ZSG-MAD3PG demonstrates higher true positive rates(TPR)and lower false alarm rates(FAR)compared to existing methods,while also achieving improved latency,resource efficiency,and stealth adaptability in IIoT zero-day defense scenarios.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42404017,42122025 and 42174030).
摘要GNSS time series analysis provides an effective method for research on the earth's surface deformation,and it can be divided into two parts,deterministic models and stochastic models.The former part can be achieved by several parameters,such as polynomial terms,periodic terms,offsets,and post-seismic models.The latter contains some stochastic noises,which can be affected by detecting the former parameters.If there are not enough parameters assumed,modeling errors will occur and adversely affect the analysis results.In this study,we propose a processing strategy in which the commonly-used 1-order of the polynomial term can be replaced with different orders for better fitting GNSS time series of the Crustal Movement Network of China(CMONOC)stations.Initially,we use the Bayesian Information Criterion(BIC)to identify the best order within the range of 1-4 during the fitting process using the white noise plus power-law noise(WN+PL)model.Then,we compare the 1-order and the optimal order on the effect of deterministic models in GNSS time series,including the velocity and its uncertainty,amplitudes,and initial phases of the annual signals.The results indicate that the first-order polynomial in the GNSS time series is not the primary factor.The root mean square(RMS)reduction rates of almost all station components are positive,which means the new fitting of optimal-order polynomial helps to reduce the RMS of residual series.Most stations maintain the velocity difference(VD)within ±1 mm/yr,with percentages of 85.6%,81.9%and 63.4%in the North,East,and Up components,respectively.As for annual signals,the numbers of amplitude difference(AD)remained at ±0.2 mm are 242,239,and 200 in three components,accounting for 99.6%,98.4%,and 82.3%,respectively.This finding reminds us that the detection of the optimal-order polynomial is necessary when we aim to acquire an accurate understanding of the crustal movement features.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42172318 and 42377186)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3007201).
摘要The rise in construction activities within mountainous regions has significantly increased the frequency of rockfalls.Statistical models for rockfall hazard assessment often struggle to achieve high precision on a large scale.This limitation arises primarily from the scarcity of historical rockfall data and the inadequacy of conventional assessment indicators in capturing the physical and structural characteristics of rockfalls.This study proposes a physically based deterministic model designed to accurately quantify rockfall hazards at a large scale.The model accounts for multiple rockfall failure modes and incorporates the key physical and structural parameters of the rock mass.Rockfall hazard is defined as the product of three factors:the rockfall failure probability,the probability of reaching a specific position,and the corresponding impact intensity.The failure probability includes probabilities of formation and instability of rock blocks under different failure modes,modeled based on the combination patterns of slope surfaces and rock discontinuities.The Monte Carlo method is employed to account for the randomness of mechanical and geometric parameters when quantifying instability probabilities.Additionally,the rock trajectories and impact energies simulated using Flow-R software are combined with rockfall failure probability to enable regional rockfall hazard zoning.A case study was conducted in Tiefeng,Chongqing,China,considering four types of rockfall failure modes.Hazard zoning results identified the steep and elevated terrains of the northern and southern anaclinal slopes as areas of highest rockfall hazard.These findings align with observed conditions,providing detailed hazard zoning and validating the effectiveness and potential of the proposed model.
基金supported in part by the Science and Technology Research and Development Foundation of China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited(Grant No.2023YJ364)in part by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3803700)in part by the project of Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Networks.
摘要Time synchronization is a prerequisite for ensuring determinism in time-sensitive networking(TSN).While time synchronization errors cannot be overlooked,pursuing minimal time errors may incur unnecessary costs.Using complex network theory,this study proposes a hierarchy for TSN and introduces the concept of bounded time error.A coupling model between traffic scheduling and time synchronization is established,deriving functional relationships among end-to-end delay,delay jitter,gate window,and time error.These relationships illustrate that time errors can trigger jumps in delay and delay jitter.To evaluate different time errors impact on traffic scheduling performance,an end-to-end transmission experiment scheme is designed,along with the construction of a TSN test platform implementing two representative cases.Case A is a closed TSN domain scenario with pure TSN switches emulating closed factory floor network.Case B depicts remote factory interconnection where TSN domains link via non-TSN domains composed of OpenFlow switches.Results from Case A show that delay and delay jitter on a single node are most significantly affected by time errors,up to one gating cycle.End-to-end delay jitter tends to increase with the number of hops.When the ratio of time error bound to window exceeds 10%,the number of schedulable traffic flows decreases rapidly.Case B reveals that when time error is below 1μs,the number of schedulable traffic flows begins to increase significantly,approaching full schedulability at errors below 0.6μs.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFA0705000)the Key R&D Program of Guangdong Province(No.2018B030329001)+4 种基金the Leading-edge Technology Program of Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation(No.BK20192001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51890861,11690033,and 11974178)the Excellent Research Program of Nanjing University(No.ZYJH002)the support of the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX2021122)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M711570).
摘要The large-photon-number quantum state is a fundamental but nonresolved request for practical quantum information applications.We propose an N-photon state generation scheme that is feasible and scalable,using lithium niobate on insulator circuits.Such a scheme is based on the integration of a common building block called photon-number doubling unit(PDU)for deterministic single-photon parametric downconversion and upconversion.The PDU relies on a 107-optical-quality-factor resonator and mW-level on-chip power,which is within the current fabrication and experimental limits.N-photon state generation schemes,with cluster and Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state as examples,are shown for different quantum tasks.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 60572071 and 60873101)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant Nos BM2006504, BK2007104 and BK2008209)College Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No 06KJB520137)
摘要A novel efficient deterministic secure quantum communication scheme based on four-qubit cluster states and single-photon identity authentication is proposed. In this scheme, the two authenticated users can transmit two bits of classical information per cluster state, and its efficiency of the quantum communication is 1/3, which is approximately 1.67 times that of the previous protocol presented by Wang et al [Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 (2006) 2658]. Security analysis shows the present scheme is secure against intercept-resend attack and the impersonator's attack. Furthermore, it is more economic with present-day techniques and easily processed by a one-way quantum computer.
基金European Research Council under Grant Agreement No.ERC_IDEAL RESCUE_637842 of the project IDEAL RESCUE-Integrated Design and Control of Sustainable Communities during Emergencies
摘要Community resilience is becoming a growing concern for authorities and decision makers.This paper introduces two indicator-based methods to evaluate the resilience of communities based on the PEOPLES framework.PEOPLES is a multi-layered framework that defines community resilience using seven dimensions.Each of the dimensions is described through a set of resilience indicators collected from literature and they are linked to a measure allowing the analytical computation of the indicator’s performance.The first method proposed in this paper requires data on previous disasters as an input and returns as output a performance function for each indicator and a performance function for the whole community.The second method exploits a knowledge-based fuzzy modeling for its implementation.This method allows a quantitative evaluation of the PEOPLES indicators using descriptive knowledge rather than deterministic data including the uncertainty involved in the analysis.The output of the fuzzy-based method is a resilience index for each indicator as well as a resilience index for the community.The paper also introduces an open source online tool in which the first method is implemented.A case study illustrating the application of the first method and the usage of the tool is also provided in the paper.
摘要We propose two schemes for quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) and deterministic securequantum communication (DSQC) over collective dephasing noisy channel.In our schemes,four special two-qubit statesare used as the quantum channel.Since these states are unchanged through the collective dephasing noisy channel,the effect of the channel noise can be perfectly overcome.Simultaneously,the security against some usual attacks canbe ensured by utilizing the various checking procedures.Furthermore,these two schemes are feasible with present-daytechnique.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51006006,51136003,50976010,50976009)the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB72 0205)+2 种基金the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (2010ZB51)the 111 Project (B08009)the National Science Special Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China (201104049)
摘要The average-passage equation system (APES) provides a rigorous mathematical framework for account- ing for the unsteady blade row interaction through multistage compressors in steady state environment by introducing de- terministic correlations (DC) that need to be modeled to close the equation system. The primary purpose of this study was to provide insight into the DC characteristics and the in- fluence of DC on the time-averaged flow field of the APES. In Part 2 of this two-part paper, the influence of DC on the time-averaged flow field was systematically studied; Several time-averaging computations boundary conditions and DC were conducted with various for the downstream stator in a transonic compressor stage, by employing the CFD solver developed in Part 1 of this two-part paper. These results were compared with the time-averaged unsteady flow field and the steady one. The study indicat;d that the circumferential- averaged DC can take into account major part of the unsteady effects on spanwise redistribution of flow fields in compres- sors. Furthermore, it demonstrated that both deterministic stresses and deterministic enthalpy fluxes are necessary to reproduce the time-averaged flow field.
基金supported by the Postgraduate Innovation Research Plan from Anhui University under Grant No.20073039
摘要We present a novel protocol for deterministic secure quantum communication by using the lour-qubit cluster state as quantum channel. It is shown that two legitimate users can directly transmit the secret messages based on Bellbasis measurements and classical communication. The present protocol makes use of the ideas of block transmission and decoy particle checking technique. It has a high capacity as each cluster state can carry two 5its of information, and has a high intrinsic efficieney 5ecause almost all the instances except the decoy checking particles (its numSer is negligible) are useful. Furthermore, this protocol is feasible with present-day technique.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.61225014)
摘要A method for electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern modeling and recognition via deterministic learning theory is presented in this paper. Instead of recognizing ECG signals beat-to-beat, each ECG signal which contains a number of heartbeats is recognized. The method is based entirely on the temporal features (i.e., the dynamics) of ECG patterns, which contains complete information of ECG patterns. A dynamical model is employed to demonstrate the method, which is capable of generating synthetic ECG signals. Based on the dynamical model, the method is shown in the following two phases: the identification (training) phase and the recognition (test) phase. In the identification phase, the dynamics of ECG patterns is accurately modeled and expressed as constant RBF neural weights through the deterministic learning. In the recognition phase, the modeling results are used for ECG pattern recognition. The main feature of the proposed method is that the dynamics of ECG patterns is accurately modeled and is used for ECG pattern recognition. Experimental studies using the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) database are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61272501,61272514,61170272,61472048,61402058,61121061,and 61411146001)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China(Grant No.NCET-13-0681)+4 种基金the National Development Foundation for Cryptological Research(Grant No.MMJJ201401012)the Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation(Grant No.131067)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(Grant Nos.4132056 and 4152038)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2014M561826)the National Key Basic Research Program,China(Grant No.2012CB315905)
摘要This study proposes two novel fault tolerant deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) schemes resistant to collective noise using logical Bell states. Either DSQC scheme is constructed based on a new coding function, which is designed by exploiting the property of the corresponding logical Bell states immune to collective-dephasing noise and collective-rotation noise, respectively. The secret message can be encoded by two simple unitary operations and decoded by merely performing Bell measurements, which can make the proposed scheme more convenient in practical applications. Moreover, the strategy of one-step quanta transmission, together with the technique of decoy logical qubits checking not only reduces the influence of other noise existing in a quantum channel, but also guarantees the security of the communication between two legitimate users. The final analysis shows that the proposed schemes are feasible and robust against various well-known attacks over the collective noise channel.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51006006,51136003,50976010,50976009)the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB720205)+2 种基金the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (2010ZB51)the 111 Project (B08009)the National Science Special Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China (201104049)
摘要The average-passage equation system (APES) provides a rigorous mathematical framework for account- ing for the unsteady blade row interaction through multi- stage compressors in steady state environment by introduc- ing deterministic correlations (DC) that need to be modeled to close the equation system. The primary purpose of this study is to provide insight into the DC characteristics and the influence of DC on the time-averaged flow field of the APES. In Part 1 of this two-part paper, firstly a 3D viscous unsteady and time-averaging flow CFD solver is developed to investi- gate the APES technique. Then steady and unsteady simu- lations are conducted in a transonic compressor stage. The results from both simulations are compared to highlight the significance of the unsteady interactions. Furthermore, the distribution characteristics of DC are studied and the DC at the rotor/stator interface are compared with their spatial cor- relations (SC). Lastly, steady and time-averaging (employing APES with DC) simulations for the downstream stator alone are conducted employing DC derived from the unsteady re- suits. The results from steady and time-averaging simula- tions are compared with the time-averaged unsteady results. The comparisons demonstrate that the simulation employing APES with DC can reproduce the time-averaged field and the 3D viscous time-averaging flow solver is validated.
摘要In order to obtain any probability of survival for crack growth life, a randomization method of deterministic equation for probability fracture mechanics is presented. According to this method, the deterministic equation of fracture mechanics is randomized to stochastic equation, and the parameters of the stochastic equation are estimated by means of the statistics. Three new kinds of random models to gain the p d a/ d N Δ K curve and the γ p d a/ d N Δ K curve (confidence level probability of survival fatigue crack growth rate stress intensity factor range curve) are proposed by using this randomization method. And the p d a/ d N Δ K curves and the γ p d a/ d N Δ K curves determined by these three models are discussed and compared according to the treatment result of the experimental data from CT specimens. From examples, it is found that the three deterministic fatigue crack growth rate equations determined by these models are very near and in agreement with the traditional deterministic fatigue crack growth rate equation, and these models are effectively and easily used to treat fatigue crack growth rate data.
基金Project(2008BA00400)supported by the Foundation of Department of Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province,China
摘要A novel immune-swarm intelligence(ISI)based algorithm for solving the deterministic coverage problems of wireless sensor networks was presented.It makes full use of information sharing and retains diversity from the principle of particle swarm optimization(PSO)and artificial immune system(AIS).The algorithm was analyzed in detail and proper swarm size,evolving generations,gene-exchange individual order,and gene-exchange proportion in molecule were obtained for better algorithm performances.According to the test results,the appropriate parameters are about 50 swarm individuals,over 3000 evolving generations,20%-25%gene-exchange proportion in molecule with gene-exchange taking place between better fitness affinity individuals.The algorithm is practical and effective in maximizing the coverage probability with given number of sensors and minimizing sensor numbers with required coverage probability in sensor placement.It can reach a better result quickly,especially with the proper calculation parameters.
基金This work was supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.61225014)the National Major Scientific Instruments Development Project(No.61527811)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61304084,61374119)the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(No.2014A030312005)the Space Intelligent Control Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for National Defense.
摘要Recently,an approach for the rapid detection of small oscillation faults based on deterministic learning theory was proposed for continuous-time systems.In this paper,a fault detection scheme is proposed for a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems via deterministic learning.By using a discrete-time extension of deterministic learning algorithm,the general fault functions(i.e.,the internal dynamics)underlying normal and fault modes of nonlinear discrete-time systems are locally-accurately approximated by discrete-time dynamical radial basis function(RBF)networks.Then,a bank of estimators with the obtained knowledge of system dynamics embedded is constructed,and a set of residuals are obtained and used to measure the differences between the dynamics of the monitored system and the dynamics of the trained systems.A fault detection decision scheme is presented according to the smallest residual principle,i.e.,the occurrence of a fault can be detected in a discrete-time setting by comparing the magnitude of residuals.The fault detectability analysis is carried out and the upper bound of detection time is derived.A simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.