The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal(SDG) 2 aims to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030.However,global hunger and food insecurity have continued to rise at an alarming rate(UN 2023).Subtropical regions are home to ...The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal(SDG) 2 aims to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030.However,global hunger and food insecurity have continued to rise at an alarming rate(UN 2023).Subtropical regions are home to more than 30% of the world's population,predominantly in developing countries where per capita farmland and food supply are only 40% of those in developed nations(FAO 2018).Meeting the Zero Hunger target amid ongoing population growth in these regions requires a substantial increase in agricultural production while minimizing soil degradation and adverse ecological impacts.This challenge is shared by many countries across South Asia,Africa,and Central and South America.展开更多
Neurodevelopmental processes represent a finely tuned interplay between genetic and environmental factors,shaping the dynamic landscape of the developing brain.A major component of the developing brain that enables th...Neurodevelopmental processes represent a finely tuned interplay between genetic and environmental factors,shaping the dynamic landscape of the developing brain.A major component of the developing brain that enables this dynamic is the white matter(WM),known to be affected in neurodevelopmental disorders(NDDs)(Rokach et al.,2024).WM formation is mediated by myelination,a multifactorial process driven by neuro-glia interactions dependent on proper neuronal functionality(Simons and Trajkovic,2006).Another key aspect of neurodevelopmental abnormalities involves neuronal dynamics and function,with recent advances significantly enhancing our understanding of both neuronal and glial mitochondrial function(Devine and Kittler,2018;Rojas-Charry et al.,2021).Energy homeostasis in neurons,attributed largely to mitochondrial function,is critical for proper functionality and interactions with oligodendrocytes(OLs),the cells forming myelin in the brain’s WM.We herein discuss the interplay between these processes and speculate on potential dysfunction in NDDs.展开更多
1.Introduction Sustainable development is widely regarded as a crucial way for human civilization to survive.To operationalize sustainability across social,economic,and environmental dimensions,the United Nations adop...1.Introduction Sustainable development is widely regarded as a crucial way for human civilization to survive.To operationalize sustainability across social,economic,and environmental dimensions,the United Nations adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)and 169 targets as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in 2015(United Nations,2015).Until 2025,with the joint efforts of the world,SDGs have made significant progress in social resource allocation,disease prevention and control,and energy transformation,but the current rate of change remains insufficient to achieve all SDGs in 2030(United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs,2025).How to accelerate the high-quality implementation of SDGs,with only four years left until 2030,is one of the core issues in current sustainable development research.展开更多
1.Background The United Nations(UN)2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,adopted in 2015,established the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as a comprehensive framework to address global challenges through interconn...1.Background The United Nations(UN)2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,adopted in 2015,established the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as a comprehensive framework to address global challenges through interconnected social,economic,and environmental targets.展开更多
After the end of World War II,African countries successively gained independence and ushered in a golden age of economic development.Through the strategies of primary product exports,transitional economic policies and...After the end of World War II,African countries successively gained independence and ushered in a golden age of economic development.Through the strategies of primary product exports,transitional economic policies and import substitution development,their economic growth accelerated significantly.However,due to the limitations of these strategies,the structural problem of Africa being an exporter of cheap industrial raw materials and an importer of manufactured goods remained unresolved.展开更多
The mechanistic target of rapamycin(m TOR) is a serinehreonine kinase that plays a pivotal role in cellular growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism. In the central nervous system(CNS), the mTOR pathway regulat...The mechanistic target of rapamycin(m TOR) is a serinehreonine kinase that plays a pivotal role in cellular growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism. In the central nervous system(CNS), the mTOR pathway regulates diverse aspects of neural development and function. Genetic mutations within the m TOR pathway lead to severe neurodevelopmental disorders, collectively known as “mTORopathies”(Crino, 2020). Dysfunctions of m TOR, including both its hyperactivation and hypoactivation, have also been implicated in a wide spectrum of other neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions, highlighting its importance in CNS health.展开更多
County economies form a distinctive,integrated regional economic structure.Their growth is shaped by specific social and historical conditions and,in turn,influences many aspects of wider economic and social developme...County economies form a distinctive,integrated regional economic structure.Their growth is shaped by specific social and historical conditions and,in turn,influences many aspects of wider economic and social development.In China's modernization process,they have always played a vital role.The 2024 Central Economic Work Conference placed strong emphasis on vigorously developing county economies.展开更多
Selenium(Se)serves as a trace element essential for the human body owing to its significant physiological functions and extensive pharmacological effects.The Se required by the human body is primarily obtained from so...Selenium(Se)serves as a trace element essential for the human body owing to its significant physiological functions and extensive pharmacological effects.The Se required by the human body is primarily obtained from soil-derived foods.This study revealed Se-rich soils covering a certain area and Se-rich edible wild mushrooms with high Se accumulation rates in Chuxiong,central Yunnan Province,China through a geochemical survey of soil quality.Furthermore,this study investigated the Se migration and transformation mechanisms in the soil-wild mushroom system,aiming to provide a scientific basis for the development and planning of Se-rich green foods in the study area.Using the geochemical data of samples collected from topsoils,deep soils,and wild mushrooms and their root soils in Nanhua County,Chuxiong,this study analyzed the Se contents in soils and wild mushrooms and their root soils and explored the mechanisms and influencing factors of Se enrichment in wild mushrooms.The results indicate that the topsoils in the study area exhibit Se contents ranging from 0.07 mg/kg to 0.95 mg/kg,with an arithmetic average of 0.25 mg/kg.The Se-rich soils cover an area of 356 km2,which accounts for 13.07% of the total topsoil area.The wild mushrooms in the study area display Se contents varying from 0.004 mg/kg to 47.10 mg/kg,with a median of 0.977 mg/kg.The analyses of Moran’s index and semivariogram indicate that the Se content distributions in both topsoils and deep soils in the study area exhibit distinct spatial structures.Specifically,the semivariogram model for the Se content in the deep soils emerges as a Gaussian model,and the Se content exhibits a nugget-to-sill ratio of 21.72%,suggesting that the Se content in deep soils is primarily influenced by structural factors such as parent materials.Se in the soils originates primarily from soil-forming parent rocks,with the origin of the Se-rich soils closely related to Triassic black shales,thin coal seams,and metamorphic rocks in the Ailao Mountain area.The wild mushrooms in the study area enjoy significantly higher Se content than other reported naturally Se-rich agricultural products,with a Se accumulation rate of up to 92.31%and an overall over-limit ratio of Pb and Cd of merely 11.54%,suggesting that the study area has substantial potential for the development of naturally Se-rich green foods.The wild mushrooms in the study area exhibit bioconcentration factors(BCFs)of Se ranging from 0.02 to 157.00(median:4.26),with Se bioavailability decreasing in the order of Boletus edulis,Boletus aereus,Leccinum nigrescens,Ramaria botrytoides,and Russula virescens.For the Se absorption and enrichment in the wild mushrooms,the primary controlling factor is identified as the wild mushroom species.Furthermore,they are significantly influenced by the Se content in soils but are minimally affected by the physicochemical indicators of soils.展开更多
Amoxicillin,a beta-lactam antibiotic,is the preferred treatment for numerous common infections during pregnancy.However,it has been identified as an emerging environmental pollutant.Clinical and animal studies indicat...Amoxicillin,a beta-lactam antibiotic,is the preferred treatment for numerous common infections during pregnancy.However,it has been identified as an emerging environmental pollutant.Clinical and animal studies indicate that prenatal exposure to amoxicillin may pose fetal developmental toxicity risks.In view of the environmental exposure and clinical application status of amoxicillin,this study investigated the effects of amoxicillin exposure at different concentrations and embryonic stages on the overall development of zebrafish embryos,as well as the development of cartilage and bone,and their underlying mechanisms.Our findings revealed that embryonic exposure to amoxicillin inhibited the overall,cartilage,and bone development of zebrafish in a concentration(80–400μmol/L)and stage(0–1.5 and 1.5–3.0 dpf)dependent manner.This inhibition was manifested as reduced head and body length,decreased head and eye area,shortened palatal and ceratohyal cartilage length,and diminished operculum bone area,with these effects persisting from the larval to the juvenile stage.Notably,early exposure to amoxicillin had a more pronounced impact on zebrafish embryonic cartilage development,attributed to the inhibition of the foxo3a signaling pathway.In contrast,late exposure to amoxicillin more significantly affected zebrafish embryonic bone development,associated with the inhibition of the jak2a/stat3 signaling pathway.This study has verified the toxicity of amoxicillin to cartilage and bone development and elucidated its potential mechanisms,providing a theoretical and experimental basis for evaluating the environmental exposure risk of amoxicillin and revealing its action patterns.展开更多
Standards are the common language that consolidates global consensus and builds the most solid foundation for international partnerships.They are the cornerstone for global sustainable and high-quality development.You...Standards are the common language that consolidates global consensus and builds the most solid foundation for international partnerships.They are the cornerstone for global sustainable and high-quality development.Young students,with their active and vibrant minds,represent the future and hope of standardization.展开更多
The fruit of Amomum villosum is highly valued for its medicinal and edible properties.However,the fruit abscission rate is exceptionally high,resulting in low unit yield.To better understand the fruit growth and devel...The fruit of Amomum villosum is highly valued for its medicinal and edible properties.However,the fruit abscission rate is exceptionally high,resulting in low unit yield.To better understand the fruit growth and development,this study investigated the characteristic changes of fruits and the expression patterns of GA-related genes in both fruits and fruit stalks.Results revealed that it takes approximately 90 days for the ovary of A.villosum to reach maturity.Fruit growth pattern exhibited a slow-fast-slow trend,with the peak of fruit weight accumulation occurring between the 14 and 25 days after artificial pollination(DAP).Before the 27 DAP,significant changes were observed in the ovary,fruit color,pericarp thickness,and fruit thorn length.Additionally,ten candidate GA-related genes,including 1 GA13ox,1 GA20ox,1 GA3ox,2 GA2oxs,4 GID1cs,and 1 DELLA,were analyzed using bioinformatics tools.The GA-related genes in fruit and fruit stalk exhibited significant correlations with fruit growth/development and fruit dropping.Overall,the fruit growth and development law,and the expression patterns of GA-related genes provided a theoretical foundation for further functional study and the screening of candidate genes for potential applications in A.villosum.展开更多
Microfluidic technology,as an advanced experimental technique at the microscale,demonstrates significant potential for application in oil and gas reservoir development.By constructing microscopic models with varying p...Microfluidic technology,as an advanced experimental technique at the microscale,demonstrates significant potential for application in oil and gas reservoir development.By constructing microscopic models with varying pore structures and surface chemical properties,this technology can simulate fluid displacement behaviors in different types of reservoirs.Through the modification of fluid properties and displacement conditions in experiments,it allows for the quantitative analysis of fluid distribution characteristics during displacement processes.This provides valuable technical tools for studying the microscopic mechanisms of CO2 flooding,chemical flooding,and other enhanced oil/gas recovery techniques.This paper reviews the unique advantages of microfluidic technology in revealing pore-scale transport behaviors and optimizing development strategies,while also analyzing the current challenges associated with its application.With advancements in materials science and manufacturing technologies,microfluidic technology is expected to play an increasingly prominent role in reservoir development,offering new technical support for the efficient development of oil and gas reservoirs.展开更多
The dental papilla(DP)is essential for the development of dentin and pulp.The extensive cellular heterogeneity within the DP is a critical factor underlying the complex and precise formation of dental structures durin...The dental papilla(DP)is essential for the development of dentin and pulp.The extensive cellular heterogeneity within the DP is a critical factor underlying the complex and precise formation of dental structures during odontogenesis.However,the critical cell types within human DP that play essential role in tooth development and regeneration remain largely uncharacterized.In this study,we analyzed the heterogeneity of human DP cells using single-cell sequencing and identified Gliomedin(GLDN)+DP stem cells(DPSCs)were a group of progenitors at an early stage of tooth development and play a key role in the development of pulp and dentin.GLDN+DPSCs strategically accumulate in human DP tissue near the interface of the newly formed dentin or pulp.Functional assays demonstrated that GLDN+DPSCs exhibited enhanced self-renewal,migratory capacity,and odontogenic differentiation potential in vitro compared to GLDN-DPSCs.Moreover,GLDN+DPSCs effectively induce the migration and tube formation of endothelial cells,which are essential for tooth development.The ectopic dental pulp regeneration model confirmed that GLDN+DPSCs can regenerate a vascularized dental pulp structure with an odontoblast layer in vivo.Given their functional capabilities,this population of cells has been designated as GLDN+odontogenic stem cells(OSCs).Mechanistically,GLDN is essential for maintaining the phenotype and function of GLDN+OSCs through BMP5 signaling via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms.In conclusion,this study identifies a previously uncharacterized essential subpopulation of OSCs essential for dental pulp development and regeneration.展开更多
Coordinating socioeconomic development and environmental conservation is essential for ensuring sustainable development.Previous studies have primarily focused on evaluating key dimensions of coordination,i.e.,perform...Coordinating socioeconomic development and environmental conservation is essential for ensuring sustainable development.Previous studies have primarily focused on evaluating key dimensions of coordination,i.e.,performance alignment and progress synchronization,in isolation,thus limiting a comprehensive understanding.Assessment methods also face limitations because of the lack of reliable and comparable performance evaluation criteria,insufficient differentiation in coordination measurement,and symmetry issues that conceal distinct coordination patterns.To address these gaps,a dual-dimensional coordination analytical framework is developed in which Sustainable Development Goals(SDG)-based criteria and refined coordination measurement methods are incorporated.Application of this framework to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau reveals that environmental and socioeconomic goal achievement increased by 15%from 2000 to 2020,reaching 59%and 41%,respectively.The degree of performance alignment remained moderate,and progress synchronization was generally high,with both improving over time despite persistent regional disparities.Under the assumption of SDG achievement by 2030,projections indicate that only counties on the eastern plateau and in parts of Lhasa are likely to sustain coordinated progress,while 51%of counties face dual-dimensional coordination challenges,which poses barriers to SDG attainment.These findings highlight the need for phased and region-specific policy strategies.This framework provides a systematic approach for analysing coordination challenges and guiding policy formulation,with broader applicability across regions.展开更多
In the knowledge economy era,the rapid flow channels represented by high-speed rail(HSR)and online information flow promote cross-border development between cities.This study constructed a conceptual model of cross-bo...In the knowledge economy era,the rapid flow channels represented by high-speed rail(HSR)and online information flow promote cross-border development between cities.This study constructed a conceptual model of cross-border development from the perspective of flow space.Taking the Yangtze River Delta Region(YRDR),China,as a case study,we apply the Speaker-listener Label Propagation Algorithm(SLPA)to detect the heterogeneity patterns of cross-border development shaped by HSR flow and information flow in 2021.Results show that cross-border development among cities is more evident under information flows compared to HSR flow.Furthermore,intra-provincial cross-border development predominates under HSR flow,whereas inter-provincial cross-border development is more frequent under in-formation flow.Additionally,information flow leads to more shared or competitive nodes in cross-border development across different communities.In the future,leveraging these nodes'intermediary role will be the key to driving the next phase of regional integration.This research will enhance and broaden the theoretical frameworks for cross-border integrated development,flow space,and regional coordinated development.展开更多
The thalamus regulates sensory processing,cognition,and sleep,yet the molecular mechanisms underlying its development remain incompletely understood.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs),particularly evolutionarily conserved o...The thalamus regulates sensory processing,cognition,and sleep,yet the molecular mechanisms underlying its development remain incompletely understood.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs),particularly evolutionarily conserved ones,are highly enriched in the brain.Using public mRNA databases,we screen for lncRNAs with embryonic brain expression and harboring ultraconserved noncoding elements(UCNEs)in humans and mice,identifying colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed(Crnde).It exhibits stage-specific upregulation in the embryonic thalamus.The Database of Genomic Variation and Phenotype in Humans using Ensembl Resources(DECIPHER)suggests a potential association between Crnde and intellectual disability.Crnde-deficient mice display anxiety-like behaviors and spatial memory deficits.Furthermore,Crnde ablation increases progenitor cell numbers and impairs neuronal differentiation during embryonic thalamic development.Mechanistically,Crnde modulates the mRNA expression of gastrulation brain homeobox 2(Gbx2),a gene critical for thalamic development.Collectively,our results implicate lncRNA Crnde in the proper progression of embryonic thalamic development in mice.展开更多
The regulatory processes in developmental biology research are significantly influenced by long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs).However,the dynamics of lncRNA expression during human tooth development remain poorly understoo...The regulatory processes in developmental biology research are significantly influenced by long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs).However,the dynamics of lncRNA expression during human tooth development remain poorly understood.In this research,we examined the lncRNAs present in the dental epithelium(DE)and dental mesenchyme(DM)at the late bud,cap,and early bell stages of human fetal tooth development through bulk RNA sequencing.Developmental regulators co-expressed with neighboring lncRNAs were significantly enriched in odontogenesis.Specific lncRNAs expressed in the DE and DM,such as PANCR,MIR205HG,DLX6-AS1,and DNM3OS,were identified through a combination of bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell analysis.Further subcluster analysis revealed lncRNAs specifically expressed in important regions of the tooth germ,such as the inner enamel epithelium and coronal dental papilla(CDP).Functionally,we demonstrated that CDP-specific DLX6-AS1 enhanced odontoblastic differentiation in human tooth germ mesenchymal cells and dental pulp stem cells.These findings suggest that lncRNAs could serve as valuable cell markers for tooth development and potential therapeutic targets for tooth regeneration.展开更多
The development of skeletal muscle are complicated processes involving genes responsible for proper muscle morphology,contractility,cell proliferation,differentiation,interactions,migration,and death.The three-dimensi...The development of skeletal muscle are complicated processes involving genes responsible for proper muscle morphology,contractility,cell proliferation,differentiation,interactions,migration,and death.The three-dimensional chromatin architecture of skeletal muscle development has not been studied intensively although dynamic transcriptional regulation during differentiation of muscle cells is one of the most deeply studied processes.The RNA-seq was used to analyze the transcriptome pattern during chicken muscle development across 12 stages.Hi-C was used to build chromatin architectures during four representative stages.Ch IP-seq was conducted to identify enhancers and promoters in these four stages,which are occupied by histone H3K27ac and H3K4me3 peaks.Results show that large-scale genome architecture changes are mostly unidirectional,and coupled by complex on/off dynamic patterns of gene expression.Specifically,we observed 258.30 Mb of the genome undergoing A/B compartment switching.Notable alterations(316.57 Mb)of interaction frequencies within TADs were observed.Substantial aging-associated genes exhibited ascending connectivity with the compartment transition from repressive to active status during muscle development.Some muscle-related gene promoters that interacted with active enhancers during development,and some myopathy/aging-associated genes that were activated in aging muscle were founded.These results provide key insights into skeletal muscle development in vivo,and offer a valuable resource that allows in-depth functional characterization of candidate genes.展开更多
Ethylene,a pivotal gaseous phytohormone,regulates diverse processes in plant growth,development,and stress adaptation.In Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana),ethylene perception by endoplasmic reticulum localized recepto...Ethylene,a pivotal gaseous phytohormone,regulates diverse processes in plant growth,development,and stress adaptation.In Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana),ethylene perception by endoplasmic reticulum localized receptors initiates a canonical signaling cascade involving CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE 1(AtCTR1)and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2(AtEIN2).This pathway culminates in nuclear translocation of AtEIN2-CEND and activation of the transcription factor AtEIN3/EIN3-LIKE1(AtEIL1).Rice employs conserved(OsEIN2,OsCTR2,OsEIL1/2)and unique(Mao Huzi 3[MHZ3],MHZ11,MHZ1)components for ethylene signaling,reflecting adaptations to semi-aquatic environments.Ethylene regulates developmental processes including seed germination,apical hook formation,root architecture,flowering,and senescence,often via intricate crosstalk with auxin,abscisic acid,jasmonic acid,gibberellins,and brassinosteroids.Ethylene signaling also influences rice yield-related traits such as grain filling,grain size,and starch biosynthesis.Moreover,ethylene modulates responses to abiotic stresses(such as submergence,hypoxia,salinity,drought,and temperature fluctuations)and nutrient imbalances.This review synthesizes current understanding of ethylene signaling and its functions,focusing on the model dicot Arabidopsis and the monocot rice(Oryza sativa).It highlights conserved and diverged mechanisms,underscoring ethylene's potential as a target for enhancing crop resilience and productivity in changing environments.展开更多
Knowledge of the maize pollen development stages at which high temperature(HT) stress leads to male sterility and yield loss would support targeted breeding strategies. In a cross between Zhengdan 958(HT-tolerant) and...Knowledge of the maize pollen development stages at which high temperature(HT) stress leads to male sterility and yield loss would support targeted breeding strategies. In a cross between Zhengdan 958(HT-tolerant) and Xianyu 335(HT-sensitive) the contributions of maize traits to effective grain number(EGN) loss under HT stress were measured during pollen development stages, with loss increasing with the approach of flowering. Traits including pollen number per anther, total tassel spikelets, and pollen germination and shedding were the strongest contributors at various stages. The stage-specific vulnerabilities of maize tassels to HT stress suggest increasing pollen production before the tetrad stage and increasing pollen fertility and shedding during the microspore development stage. In the short term,increasing pollen developmental quality offers the greatest potential for reducing HT-caused EGN loss.展开更多
摘要The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal(SDG) 2 aims to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030.However,global hunger and food insecurity have continued to rise at an alarming rate(UN 2023).Subtropical regions are home to more than 30% of the world's population,predominantly in developing countries where per capita farmland and food supply are only 40% of those in developed nations(FAO 2018).Meeting the Zero Hunger target amid ongoing population growth in these regions requires a substantial increase in agricultural production while minimizing soil degradation and adverse ecological impacts.This challenge is shared by many countries across South Asia,Africa,and Central and South America.
摘要Neurodevelopmental processes represent a finely tuned interplay between genetic and environmental factors,shaping the dynamic landscape of the developing brain.A major component of the developing brain that enables this dynamic is the white matter(WM),known to be affected in neurodevelopmental disorders(NDDs)(Rokach et al.,2024).WM formation is mediated by myelination,a multifactorial process driven by neuro-glia interactions dependent on proper neuronal functionality(Simons and Trajkovic,2006).Another key aspect of neurodevelopmental abnormalities involves neuronal dynamics and function,with recent advances significantly enhancing our understanding of both neuronal and glial mitochondrial function(Devine and Kittler,2018;Rojas-Charry et al.,2021).Energy homeostasis in neurons,attributed largely to mitochondrial function,is critical for proper functionality and interactions with oligodendrocytes(OLs),the cells forming myelin in the brain’s WM.We herein discuss the interplay between these processes and speculate on potential dysfunction in NDDs.
基金supported by the Key Special Project of“Intergovernmental International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation”in the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2025YFE0111302)the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2024J013)the Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen,China(Grants No.3502Z202573087 and 3502Z202572040)。
摘要1.Introduction Sustainable development is widely regarded as a crucial way for human civilization to survive.To operationalize sustainability across social,economic,and environmental dimensions,the United Nations adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)and 169 targets as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in 2015(United Nations,2015).Until 2025,with the joint efforts of the world,SDGs have made significant progress in social resource allocation,disease prevention and control,and energy transformation,but the current rate of change remains insufficient to achieve all SDGs in 2030(United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs,2025).How to accelerate the high-quality implementation of SDGs,with only four years left until 2030,is one of the core issues in current sustainable development research.
摘要1.Background The United Nations(UN)2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,adopted in 2015,established the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as a comprehensive framework to address global challenges through interconnected social,economic,and environmental targets.
摘要After the end of World War II,African countries successively gained independence and ushered in a golden age of economic development.Through the strategies of primary product exports,transitional economic policies and import substitution development,their economic growth accelerated significantly.However,due to the limitations of these strategies,the structural problem of Africa being an exporter of cheap industrial raw materials and an importer of manufactured goods remained unresolved.
基金supported by grants from Simons Foundation (SFARI 479754),CIHR (PJT-180565)the Scottish Rite Charitable Foundation of Canada (to YL)funding from the Canada Research Chairs program。
摘要The mechanistic target of rapamycin(m TOR) is a serinehreonine kinase that plays a pivotal role in cellular growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism. In the central nervous system(CNS), the mTOR pathway regulates diverse aspects of neural development and function. Genetic mutations within the m TOR pathway lead to severe neurodevelopmental disorders, collectively known as “mTORopathies”(Crino, 2020). Dysfunctions of m TOR, including both its hyperactivation and hypoactivation, have also been implicated in a wide spectrum of other neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions, highlighting its importance in CNS health.
摘要County economies form a distinctive,integrated regional economic structure.Their growth is shaped by specific social and historical conditions and,in turn,influences many aspects of wider economic and social development.In China's modernization process,they have always played a vital role.The 2024 Central Economic Work Conference placed strong emphasis on vigorously developing county economies.
基金supported by the projects of the China Geological Survey (DD20220987, DD20242954, and ZD20220211)
摘要Selenium(Se)serves as a trace element essential for the human body owing to its significant physiological functions and extensive pharmacological effects.The Se required by the human body is primarily obtained from soil-derived foods.This study revealed Se-rich soils covering a certain area and Se-rich edible wild mushrooms with high Se accumulation rates in Chuxiong,central Yunnan Province,China through a geochemical survey of soil quality.Furthermore,this study investigated the Se migration and transformation mechanisms in the soil-wild mushroom system,aiming to provide a scientific basis for the development and planning of Se-rich green foods in the study area.Using the geochemical data of samples collected from topsoils,deep soils,and wild mushrooms and their root soils in Nanhua County,Chuxiong,this study analyzed the Se contents in soils and wild mushrooms and their root soils and explored the mechanisms and influencing factors of Se enrichment in wild mushrooms.The results indicate that the topsoils in the study area exhibit Se contents ranging from 0.07 mg/kg to 0.95 mg/kg,with an arithmetic average of 0.25 mg/kg.The Se-rich soils cover an area of 356 km2,which accounts for 13.07% of the total topsoil area.The wild mushrooms in the study area display Se contents varying from 0.004 mg/kg to 47.10 mg/kg,with a median of 0.977 mg/kg.The analyses of Moran’s index and semivariogram indicate that the Se content distributions in both topsoils and deep soils in the study area exhibit distinct spatial structures.Specifically,the semivariogram model for the Se content in the deep soils emerges as a Gaussian model,and the Se content exhibits a nugget-to-sill ratio of 21.72%,suggesting that the Se content in deep soils is primarily influenced by structural factors such as parent materials.Se in the soils originates primarily from soil-forming parent rocks,with the origin of the Se-rich soils closely related to Triassic black shales,thin coal seams,and metamorphic rocks in the Ailao Mountain area.The wild mushrooms in the study area enjoy significantly higher Se content than other reported naturally Se-rich agricultural products,with a Se accumulation rate of up to 92.31%and an overall over-limit ratio of Pb and Cd of merely 11.54%,suggesting that the study area has substantial potential for the development of naturally Se-rich green foods.The wild mushrooms in the study area exhibit bioconcentration factors(BCFs)of Se ranging from 0.02 to 157.00(median:4.26),with Se bioavailability decreasing in the order of Boletus edulis,Boletus aereus,Leccinum nigrescens,Ramaria botrytoides,and Russula virescens.For the Se absorption and enrichment in the wild mushrooms,the primary controlling factor is identified as the wild mushroom species.Furthermore,they are significantly influenced by the Se content in soils but are minimally affected by the physicochemical indicators of soils.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFA0803900).
摘要Amoxicillin,a beta-lactam antibiotic,is the preferred treatment for numerous common infections during pregnancy.However,it has been identified as an emerging environmental pollutant.Clinical and animal studies indicate that prenatal exposure to amoxicillin may pose fetal developmental toxicity risks.In view of the environmental exposure and clinical application status of amoxicillin,this study investigated the effects of amoxicillin exposure at different concentrations and embryonic stages on the overall development of zebrafish embryos,as well as the development of cartilage and bone,and their underlying mechanisms.Our findings revealed that embryonic exposure to amoxicillin inhibited the overall,cartilage,and bone development of zebrafish in a concentration(80–400μmol/L)and stage(0–1.5 and 1.5–3.0 dpf)dependent manner.This inhibition was manifested as reduced head and body length,decreased head and eye area,shortened palatal and ceratohyal cartilage length,and diminished operculum bone area,with these effects persisting from the larval to the juvenile stage.Notably,early exposure to amoxicillin had a more pronounced impact on zebrafish embryonic cartilage development,attributed to the inhibition of the foxo3a signaling pathway.In contrast,late exposure to amoxicillin more significantly affected zebrafish embryonic bone development,associated with the inhibition of the jak2a/stat3 signaling pathway.This study has verified the toxicity of amoxicillin to cartilage and bone development and elucidated its potential mechanisms,providing a theoretical and experimental basis for evaluating the environmental exposure risk of amoxicillin and revealing its action patterns.
摘要Standards are the common language that consolidates global consensus and builds the most solid foundation for international partnerships.They are the cornerstone for global sustainable and high-quality development.Young students,with their active and vibrant minds,represent the future and hope of standardization.
基金Supported by Seed Industry Vitalization Project of Rural Revitalization Strategy of Guangdong Province of China(2024-440000-90060000-8796)。
摘要The fruit of Amomum villosum is highly valued for its medicinal and edible properties.However,the fruit abscission rate is exceptionally high,resulting in low unit yield.To better understand the fruit growth and development,this study investigated the characteristic changes of fruits and the expression patterns of GA-related genes in both fruits and fruit stalks.Results revealed that it takes approximately 90 days for the ovary of A.villosum to reach maturity.Fruit growth pattern exhibited a slow-fast-slow trend,with the peak of fruit weight accumulation occurring between the 14 and 25 days after artificial pollination(DAP).Before the 27 DAP,significant changes were observed in the ovary,fruit color,pericarp thickness,and fruit thorn length.Additionally,ten candidate GA-related genes,including 1 GA13ox,1 GA20ox,1 GA3ox,2 GA2oxs,4 GID1cs,and 1 DELLA,were analyzed using bioinformatics tools.The GA-related genes in fruit and fruit stalk exhibited significant correlations with fruit growth/development and fruit dropping.Overall,the fruit growth and development law,and the expression patterns of GA-related genes provided a theoretical foundation for further functional study and the screening of candidate genes for potential applications in A.villosum.
基金funded by the Key Science Foundation of Laboratory of Marine Oil&Gas Reservoirs Production,Sinopec(33550000-22-ZC0613-0332).
摘要Microfluidic technology,as an advanced experimental technique at the microscale,demonstrates significant potential for application in oil and gas reservoir development.By constructing microscopic models with varying pore structures and surface chemical properties,this technology can simulate fluid displacement behaviors in different types of reservoirs.Through the modification of fluid properties and displacement conditions in experiments,it allows for the quantitative analysis of fluid distribution characteristics during displacement processes.This provides valuable technical tools for studying the microscopic mechanisms of CO2 flooding,chemical flooding,and other enhanced oil/gas recovery techniques.This paper reviews the unique advantages of microfluidic technology in revealing pore-scale transport behaviors and optimizing development strategies,while also analyzing the current challenges associated with its application.With advancements in materials science and manufacturing technologies,microfluidic technology is expected to play an increasingly prominent role in reservoir development,offering new technical support for the efficient development of oil and gas reservoirs.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1104400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271365,32471183,U21A20369)+1 种基金Sichuan Science and Technology program(2023YFS0151,2023YFS0056)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SCU2023D014)。
摘要The dental papilla(DP)is essential for the development of dentin and pulp.The extensive cellular heterogeneity within the DP is a critical factor underlying the complex and precise formation of dental structures during odontogenesis.However,the critical cell types within human DP that play essential role in tooth development and regeneration remain largely uncharacterized.In this study,we analyzed the heterogeneity of human DP cells using single-cell sequencing and identified Gliomedin(GLDN)+DP stem cells(DPSCs)were a group of progenitors at an early stage of tooth development and play a key role in the development of pulp and dentin.GLDN+DPSCs strategically accumulate in human DP tissue near the interface of the newly formed dentin or pulp.Functional assays demonstrated that GLDN+DPSCs exhibited enhanced self-renewal,migratory capacity,and odontogenic differentiation potential in vitro compared to GLDN-DPSCs.Moreover,GLDN+DPSCs effectively induce the migration and tube formation of endothelial cells,which are essential for tooth development.The ectopic dental pulp regeneration model confirmed that GLDN+DPSCs can regenerate a vascularized dental pulp structure with an odontoblast layer in vivo.Given their functional capabilities,this population of cells has been designated as GLDN+odontogenic stem cells(OSCs).Mechanistically,GLDN is essential for maintaining the phenotype and function of GLDN+OSCs through BMP5 signaling via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms.In conclusion,this study identifies a previously uncharacterized essential subpopulation of OSCs essential for dental pulp development and regeneration.
基金The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program,No.2019QZKK0406The National Visiting Scholar Program of China Scholarship Council,No.202504910468。
摘要Coordinating socioeconomic development and environmental conservation is essential for ensuring sustainable development.Previous studies have primarily focused on evaluating key dimensions of coordination,i.e.,performance alignment and progress synchronization,in isolation,thus limiting a comprehensive understanding.Assessment methods also face limitations because of the lack of reliable and comparable performance evaluation criteria,insufficient differentiation in coordination measurement,and symmetry issues that conceal distinct coordination patterns.To address these gaps,a dual-dimensional coordination analytical framework is developed in which Sustainable Development Goals(SDG)-based criteria and refined coordination measurement methods are incorporated.Application of this framework to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau reveals that environmental and socioeconomic goal achievement increased by 15%from 2000 to 2020,reaching 59%and 41%,respectively.The degree of performance alignment remained moderate,and progress synchronization was generally high,with both improving over time despite persistent regional disparities.Under the assumption of SDG achievement by 2030,projections indicate that only counties on the eastern plateau and in parts of Lhasa are likely to sustain coordinated progress,while 51%of counties face dual-dimensional coordination challenges,which poses barriers to SDG attainment.These findings highlight the need for phased and region-specific policy strategies.This framework provides a systematic approach for analysing coordination challenges and guiding policy formulation,with broader applicability across regions.
基金Under the Key Laboratory of Natural Resources Monitoring in Tropical and Subtropical Area of South China,Ministry of Natural Resources(No.2024NRMK08)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42101160)。
摘要In the knowledge economy era,the rapid flow channels represented by high-speed rail(HSR)and online information flow promote cross-border development between cities.This study constructed a conceptual model of cross-border development from the perspective of flow space.Taking the Yangtze River Delta Region(YRDR),China,as a case study,we apply the Speaker-listener Label Propagation Algorithm(SLPA)to detect the heterogeneity patterns of cross-border development shaped by HSR flow and information flow in 2021.Results show that cross-border development among cities is more evident under information flows compared to HSR flow.Furthermore,intra-provincial cross-border development predominates under HSR flow,whereas inter-provincial cross-border development is more frequent under in-formation flow.Additionally,information flow leads to more shared or competitive nodes in cross-border development across different communities.In the future,leveraging these nodes'intermediary role will be the key to driving the next phase of regional integration.This research will enhance and broaden the theoretical frameworks for cross-border integrated development,flow space,and regional coordinated development.
基金funded by the National Key Project of Research and Development Program of China(2024YFC2706800)the Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants(82221005)+1 种基金the National Key Project of Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2700600,2021YFA1101800,2021YFA1101801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants(82325015,82401794).
摘要The thalamus regulates sensory processing,cognition,and sleep,yet the molecular mechanisms underlying its development remain incompletely understood.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs),particularly evolutionarily conserved ones,are highly enriched in the brain.Using public mRNA databases,we screen for lncRNAs with embryonic brain expression and harboring ultraconserved noncoding elements(UCNEs)in humans and mice,identifying colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed(Crnde).It exhibits stage-specific upregulation in the embryonic thalamus.The Database of Genomic Variation and Phenotype in Humans using Ensembl Resources(DECIPHER)suggests a potential association between Crnde and intellectual disability.Crnde-deficient mice display anxiety-like behaviors and spatial memory deficits.Furthermore,Crnde ablation increases progenitor cell numbers and impairs neuronal differentiation during embryonic thalamic development.Mechanistically,Crnde modulates the mRNA expression of gastrulation brain homeobox 2(Gbx2),a gene critical for thalamic development.Collectively,our results implicate lncRNA Crnde in the proper progression of embryonic thalamic development in mice.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFA1104401)Beijing Municipal Government grant(Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health,PXM2021-014226-000041)+3 种基金Beijing Municipal Govemment(Beijing Scholar Program,PXM2021-014226-000020)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82030031,92149301,81991504,L2224038,82270945)Innovation Research Team Project of Beijing Stomatological Hospital,Capital Medical University(CXTD202201)Chinese Research Unit of Tooth Development and Regeneration,Academy of Medical Sciences(2019-12M-5-031).
摘要The regulatory processes in developmental biology research are significantly influenced by long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs).However,the dynamics of lncRNA expression during human tooth development remain poorly understood.In this research,we examined the lncRNAs present in the dental epithelium(DE)and dental mesenchyme(DM)at the late bud,cap,and early bell stages of human fetal tooth development through bulk RNA sequencing.Developmental regulators co-expressed with neighboring lncRNAs were significantly enriched in odontogenesis.Specific lncRNAs expressed in the DE and DM,such as PANCR,MIR205HG,DLX6-AS1,and DNM3OS,were identified through a combination of bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell analysis.Further subcluster analysis revealed lncRNAs specifically expressed in important regions of the tooth germ,such as the inner enamel epithelium and coronal dental papilla(CDP).Functionally,we demonstrated that CDP-specific DLX6-AS1 enhanced odontoblastic differentiation in human tooth germ mesenchymal cells and dental pulp stem cells.These findings suggest that lncRNAs could serve as valuable cell markers for tooth development and potential therapeutic targets for tooth regeneration.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD1300040 and 2022YFF1000100)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China(2022NSFSC0132,2021YFYZ0009 and 2022JDJQ0054)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32225046)。
摘要The development of skeletal muscle are complicated processes involving genes responsible for proper muscle morphology,contractility,cell proliferation,differentiation,interactions,migration,and death.The three-dimensional chromatin architecture of skeletal muscle development has not been studied intensively although dynamic transcriptional regulation during differentiation of muscle cells is one of the most deeply studied processes.The RNA-seq was used to analyze the transcriptome pattern during chicken muscle development across 12 stages.Hi-C was used to build chromatin architectures during four representative stages.Ch IP-seq was conducted to identify enhancers and promoters in these four stages,which are occupied by histone H3K27ac and H3K4me3 peaks.Results show that large-scale genome architecture changes are mostly unidirectional,and coupled by complex on/off dynamic patterns of gene expression.Specifically,we observed 258.30 Mb of the genome undergoing A/B compartment switching.Notable alterations(316.57 Mb)of interaction frequencies within TADs were observed.Substantial aging-associated genes exhibited ascending connectivity with the compartment transition from repressive to active status during muscle development.Some muscle-related gene promoters that interacted with active enhancers during development,and some myopathy/aging-associated genes that were activated in aging muscle were founded.These results provide key insights into skeletal muscle development in vivo,and offer a valuable resource that allows in-depth functional characterization of candidate genes.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Project(2021YFF100104-2)STI 2030-Major Projects(2023ZD0407102)+1 种基金Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0406801)the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program(XDB1090101)。
摘要Ethylene,a pivotal gaseous phytohormone,regulates diverse processes in plant growth,development,and stress adaptation.In Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana),ethylene perception by endoplasmic reticulum localized receptors initiates a canonical signaling cascade involving CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE 1(AtCTR1)and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2(AtEIN2).This pathway culminates in nuclear translocation of AtEIN2-CEND and activation of the transcription factor AtEIN3/EIN3-LIKE1(AtEIL1).Rice employs conserved(OsEIN2,OsCTR2,OsEIL1/2)and unique(Mao Huzi 3[MHZ3],MHZ11,MHZ1)components for ethylene signaling,reflecting adaptations to semi-aquatic environments.Ethylene regulates developmental processes including seed germination,apical hook formation,root architecture,flowering,and senescence,often via intricate crosstalk with auxin,abscisic acid,jasmonic acid,gibberellins,and brassinosteroids.Ethylene signaling also influences rice yield-related traits such as grain filling,grain size,and starch biosynthesis.Moreover,ethylene modulates responses to abiotic stresses(such as submergence,hypoxia,salinity,drought,and temperature fluctuations)and nutrient imbalances.This review synthesizes current understanding of ethylene signaling and its functions,focusing on the model dicot Arabidopsis and the monocot rice(Oryza sativa).It highlights conserved and diverged mechanisms,underscoring ethylene's potential as a target for enhancing crop resilience and productivity in changing environments.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD2303304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32572449)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (2022CXPT014-02)。
摘要Knowledge of the maize pollen development stages at which high temperature(HT) stress leads to male sterility and yield loss would support targeted breeding strategies. In a cross between Zhengdan 958(HT-tolerant) and Xianyu 335(HT-sensitive) the contributions of maize traits to effective grain number(EGN) loss under HT stress were measured during pollen development stages, with loss increasing with the approach of flowering. Traits including pollen number per anther, total tassel spikelets, and pollen germination and shedding were the strongest contributors at various stages. The stage-specific vulnerabilities of maize tassels to HT stress suggest increasing pollen production before the tetrad stage and increasing pollen fertility and shedding during the microspore development stage. In the short term,increasing pollen developmental quality offers the greatest potential for reducing HT-caused EGN loss.