The pandemic SARS-CoV-2 has become an undying virus to spread a sustainable disease named COVID-19 for upcoming few years.Mortality rates are rising rapidly as approved drugs are not yet available.Isolation from the i...The pandemic SARS-CoV-2 has become an undying virus to spread a sustainable disease named COVID-19 for upcoming few years.Mortality rates are rising rapidly as approved drugs are not yet available.Isolation from the infected person or community is the preferred choice to protect our health.Since humans are the only carriers,it might be possible to control the positive rate if the infected population or host carriers are isolated from each other.Isolation alone may not be a proper solution.These are the resolutions of previous research work carried out on COVID-19 throughout the world.The present scenario of the world and public health is knocking hard with a big question of critical uncertainty of COVID-19 because of its imprecise database as per daily positive cases recorded all over the world and in India as well.In this research work,we have pre-sented an optimal control model for COVID-19 using granular differentiability based on fuzzy dynamical systems.In the first step,we created a fuzzy Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Asymptomatic-Hospitalized-Recovered-Death(SEIAHRD)model for COVID-19,analyzed it using granular differentiability,and reported disease dynamics for time-independent disease control parameters.In the second step,we upgraded the fuzzy dynamical system and granular differentiability model related to time-dependent disease control parameters as an optimal control problem invader.Theoretical studies have been validated with some practical data from the epidemic COVID-19 related to the Indian perspective during first wave and early second wave.展开更多
Let X be a real uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space and C a nonempty closed and convex subset of X.Let ΠC:X→C denote the generalized metric projection operator introduced by Alber in[1].In this pap...Let X be a real uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space and C a nonempty closed and convex subset of X.Let ΠC:X→C denote the generalized metric projection operator introduced by Alber in[1].In this paper,we define the Gâteaux directional differentiability of ΠC.We investigate some properties of the Gâteaux directional differentiability of ΠC.In particular,if C is a closed ball,or a closed and convex cone(including proper closed subspaces),or a closed and convex cylinder,then,we give the exact representations of the directional derivatives of ΠC.By comparing the results in[12]and this paper,we see the significant difference between the directional derivatives of the generalized metric projection operator ΠC and the Gâteaux directional derivatives of the standard metric projection operator PC.展开更多
Characterizations of differentiability are obtained for continuous convex functions defined on nonempty open convex sets of Banach spaces as a generalization and application of a mumber of mathematicians several years...Characterizations of differentiability are obtained for continuous convex functions defined on nonempty open convex sets of Banach spaces as a generalization and application of a mumber of mathematicians several years effort, and a characteristic theorem is given for Banach spaces which are (weak) Asplund spaces.展开更多
The sufficient conditions of Holder continuity of two kinds of fractal interpolation functions defined by IFS (Iterated Function System) were obtained. The sufficient and necessary condition for its differentiability ...The sufficient conditions of Holder continuity of two kinds of fractal interpolation functions defined by IFS (Iterated Function System) were obtained. The sufficient and necessary condition for its differentiability was proved. Its derivative was a fractal interpolation function generated by the associated IFS, if it is differentiable.展开更多
It is shown that an arbitrary function from D Rn to Rm will become C0,a-continuous in almost every x∈ D after restriction to a certain subset with limit pointx. For n 〉 m differentiability can be obtained. Examples ...It is shown that an arbitrary function from D Rn to Rm will become C0,a-continuous in almost every x∈ D after restriction to a certain subset with limit pointx. For n 〉 m differentiability can be obtained. Examples show the Ho1der exponent a=min{1,n/m}is optimal.展开更多
A locally convex space is said to be a Gateaux differentiability space (GDS) provided every continuous convex function defined on a nonempty convex open subset D of the space is densely Gateaux differentiable in .D.Th...A locally convex space is said to be a Gateaux differentiability space (GDS) provided every continuous convex function defined on a nonempty convex open subset D of the space is densely Gateaux differentiable in .D.This paper shows that the product of a GDS and a family of separable Prechet spaces is a GDS,and that the product of a GDS and an arbitrary locally convex space endowed with the weak topology is a GDS.展开更多
This paper studies the smoothness of solutions of the higher dimensional polynomial-like iterative equation. The methods given by Zhang Weinian([7]) and by Kulczvcki M, Tabor j.([3]) are improved by constructing a new...This paper studies the smoothness of solutions of the higher dimensional polynomial-like iterative equation. The methods given by Zhang Weinian([7]) and by Kulczvcki M, Tabor j.([3]) are improved by constructing a new operator for the structure of the equation in order to apply fixed point theorems. Existence, uniqueness and stability of continuously differentiable solutions are given.展开更多
In this paper,we study the differentiability of solutions on the boundary for equartions of type L_λu=~2u/x^2+|x|2λ~2u/y^2=f(x,y),whereλis an arbitrary positive number.By introducing a proper metric that...In this paper,we study the differentiability of solutions on the boundary for equartions of type L_λu=~2u/x^2+|x|2λ~2u/y^2=f(x,y),whereλis an arbitrary positive number.By introducing a proper metric that is related to the elliptic operator L_λ,we prove the differentiability on the boundary when some well-posed boundary conditions are satisfied.The main difficulty is the construction of new barrier functions in this article.展开更多
Some basic concepts for functions defined on subsets of the unit sphere,such as the s-directional derivative,s-gradient and s-Gateaux and s-Frechet differentiability etc,are introduced and investigated.These concepts ...Some basic concepts for functions defined on subsets of the unit sphere,such as the s-directional derivative,s-gradient and s-Gateaux and s-Frechet differentiability etc,are introduced and investigated.These concepts are different from the usual ones for functions defined on subsets of Euclidean spaces,however,the results obtained here are very similar.Then,as applications,we provide some criterions of s-convexity for functions defined on unit spheres which are improvements or refinements of some known results.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to prove the following theorem concerning the term by term differentiation the-orem of Walsh-Kaczmarz series. Let (ck) be a decreasing real sequence withare integrable functions and f(x) is a....The aim of this paper is to prove the following theorem concerning the term by term differentiation the-orem of Walsh-Kaczmarz series. Let (ck) be a decreasing real sequence withare integrable functions and f(x) is a. e. dyadic (or Butzer and Wagner) differentiate withThe function Kk means the kth Walsh-Kaczmarz function.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to investigate the differentiability(Gateaux differentiabllity and subdifferentiability) of continuous convex functions on locally convex spaces and to study the behaviour of some important re...The aim of this paper is to investigate the differentiability(Gateaux differentiabllity and subdifferentiability) of continuous convex functions on locally convex spaces and to study the behaviour of some important results for this research area in locally convex spaces.展开更多
This paper considers the differentiability of C 0 semigroups with respect to (w.r.t.) parameters contained in their infinitesimal generators.It is proved that the generalized continuity and strong differentiability of...This paper considers the differentiability of C 0 semigroups with respect to (w.r.t.) parameters contained in their infinitesimal generators.It is proved that the generalized continuity and strong differentiability of their infinitesimal generators w.r.t.parameters imply the differentiability of the C 0 semigroups.The results are applied to the differentiability of the solution of a linear delay differential equation w.r.t.its delays.展开更多
Many papers on a wide range of control problems for Pritchard-Salamon systems have appeared and many of its important mathematical and system theoretical properties have been revealed. This paper deals with the differ...Many papers on a wide range of control problems for Pritchard-Salamon systems have appeared and many of its important mathematical and system theoretical properties have been revealed. This paper deals with the differentiability of the Pritchard-Salamon system with admissible state-feedback. Spectrum analysis showed that under definite condition, the unbounded perturbation semigroup of the Pritchard-Salamon system is eventually differentiable.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to verify the Smulyan lemma for the support function, and also the Gateaux differentiability of the support function is studied on its domain. Moreover, we provide a characterization of Fr...The purpose of this paper is to verify the Smulyan lemma for the support function, and also the Gateaux differentiability of the support function is studied on its domain. Moreover, we provide a characterization of Frechet differentiability of the support function on the extremal points.展开更多
We consider a recursive system which was introduced by Derrida and Retaux(J.Stat.Phys.,156,268-290(2014))as a toy model to study the depinning transition in presence of disorder.Derrida and Retaux predicted the free e...We consider a recursive system which was introduced by Derrida and Retaux(J.Stat.Phys.,156,268-290(2014))as a toy model to study the depinning transition in presence of disorder.Derrida and Retaux predicted the free energy F∞(p)of the system exhibit quite an unusual physical phenomenon which is an infinite order phase transition.Hu and Shi(J.Stat.Phys.,172,718-741(2018))studied a special situation and obtained other behavior of the free energy,while insisted on p=pc being an essential singularity.Recently,Chen,Dagard,Derrida,Hu,Lifshits and Shi(Ann.Probab.,49,637-670(2021))confirmed the Derrida-Retaux conjecture under suitable integrability condition.However,from a mathematical point of view,it is still unknown whether the free energy is infinitely differentiable at the critical point.So we continue to study the infinite differentiability of the free energy in this paper.展开更多
Sugars and organic acids form the core fundamental flavor foundation of ripe papaya fruit.Although R2R3-type v-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog transcription factors(R2R3-MYB TFs)have been reported to play im...Sugars and organic acids form the core fundamental flavor foundation of ripe papaya fruit.Although R2R3-type v-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog transcription factors(R2R3-MYB TFs)have been reported to play important roles in regulating the primary and secondary metabolism in fruits.However,the functions and underlying regulatory mechanisms of R2R3-MYB TFs in the metabolism of sugars and organic acids during papaya ripening remain unclear.In this study,through RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)coupled with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)validation,a novel ethylene-responsive R2R3-MYB TF gene,CpMYB114-like(CpMYB114L),was identified.Transcriptome analysis and ethylene induction assays highlighted CpMYB114L as the key MYB gene activated during papaya ripening.Subcellular localization experiments confirmed that CpMYB114L was localized in the nucleus.Analyses of transgenic papaya fruits and calli,demonstrated that CpMYB114L promoted the accumulation of glucose,fructose,and sucrose,while simultaneously accelerating malate degradation.DNA Affinity Purification sequencing(DAP-seq)combined with yeast one-hybrid(Y1H)assays identified that CpMYB114L directly bound to the promoters of two sugar/organic acid metabolism-related genes,Isocitrate dehydrogenase 5(CpIDH5)and NADP-dependent malic enzyme 2(CpNADP-ME2).Electrophoretic mobility shift(EMSA),dual-luciferase reporter(Dual-LUC)and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR(ChIP-qPCR)assays further confirmed that CpMYB114L positively activated the expression of CpIDH5 and CpNADP-ME2 by directly binding to the specific regions of their promoters.Notably,transient overexpression of CpNADP-ME2 in papaya fruits and calli recapitulated decreased malate levels and increased sugar content,whereas CpIDH5 overexpression did not exhibit any functional relevance.This study elucidates a regulatory module,CpMYB114L-CpNADP-ME2,linking malate catabolism and sugar accumulation,offering valuable insights into flavor improvement strategies for papaya.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cluster of differentiation 24(CD24)serves as a liver cancer stem cell marker,and its upregulation is related to chronic liver disease malignancy.However,the exact relationship between CD24 expression and he...BACKGROUND Cluster of differentiation 24(CD24)serves as a liver cancer stem cell marker,and its upregulation is related to chronic liver disease malignancy.However,the exact relationship between CD24 expression and hepatocarcinogenesis remains unknown.AIM To investigate CD24 levels among individuals with chronic liver diseases and confirm the alterations in CD24 and programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)expression in a dynamic model of rat hepatocarcinogenesis.METHODS Approved by the ethics committee,CD24 levels were detected in the serum of 129 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),72 patients with chronic hepatitis(CH),60 patients with liver cirrhosis(LC)and 111 normal control(NC).Receiver operating characteristic curves and clinicopathological characteristics of CD24 were used to evaluate the diagnostic or prognostic value for HCC,and the CD24+T lymphocyte ratio and dynamic alterations in CD24 and PD-L1 expression were confirmed in a rat HCC model.RESULTS Compared with those in the CH,LC and NC groups,the average CD24 level in the HCC group was significantly greater(P<0.01).The CD24+T-cell ratio in the HCC group was greater than that in the CH or NC group.Clinicopathological characteristics of high CD24 in HCC patients included hepatitis B virus infection,single/multicenter status,tumor size,lymph node or extrahepatic metastasis,differentiation degree,tumor-node-metastasis grade,Child-Pugh score,portal vein tumor thrombus and poor prognosis.Mechanistically,CD24 is dynamically upregulated during hepatocarcinogenesis and closely positively correlated with PD-L1 for immune escape,metastasis(CD44),and with respect to HCC markers(Wnt3a,GPC-3 and alpha-fetoprotein).CONCLUSION Activated CD24 promoted HCC formation through programmed death-ligand 1 signaling and could be a valuable biomarker for monitoring chronic liver disease malignancy.展开更多
摘要The pandemic SARS-CoV-2 has become an undying virus to spread a sustainable disease named COVID-19 for upcoming few years.Mortality rates are rising rapidly as approved drugs are not yet available.Isolation from the infected person or community is the preferred choice to protect our health.Since humans are the only carriers,it might be possible to control the positive rate if the infected population or host carriers are isolated from each other.Isolation alone may not be a proper solution.These are the resolutions of previous research work carried out on COVID-19 throughout the world.The present scenario of the world and public health is knocking hard with a big question of critical uncertainty of COVID-19 because of its imprecise database as per daily positive cases recorded all over the world and in India as well.In this research work,we have pre-sented an optimal control model for COVID-19 using granular differentiability based on fuzzy dynamical systems.In the first step,we created a fuzzy Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Asymptomatic-Hospitalized-Recovered-Death(SEIAHRD)model for COVID-19,analyzed it using granular differentiability,and reported disease dynamics for time-independent disease control parameters.In the second step,we upgraded the fuzzy dynamical system and granular differentiability model related to time-dependent disease control parameters as an optimal control problem invader.Theoretical studies have been validated with some practical data from the epidemic COVID-19 related to the Indian perspective during first wave and early second wave.
摘要Let X be a real uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space and C a nonempty closed and convex subset of X.Let ΠC:X→C denote the generalized metric projection operator introduced by Alber in[1].In this paper,we define the Gâteaux directional differentiability of ΠC.We investigate some properties of the Gâteaux directional differentiability of ΠC.In particular,if C is a closed ball,or a closed and convex cone(including proper closed subspaces),or a closed and convex cylinder,then,we give the exact representations of the directional derivatives of ΠC.By comparing the results in[12]and this paper,we see the significant difference between the directional derivatives of the generalized metric projection operator ΠC and the Gâteaux directional derivatives of the standard metric projection operator PC.
摘要Characterizations of differentiability are obtained for continuous convex functions defined on nonempty open convex sets of Banach spaces as a generalization and application of a mumber of mathematicians several years effort, and a characteristic theorem is given for Banach spaces which are (weak) Asplund spaces.
摘要The sufficient conditions of Holder continuity of two kinds of fractal interpolation functions defined by IFS (Iterated Function System) were obtained. The sufficient and necessary condition for its differentiability was proved. Its derivative was a fractal interpolation function generated by the associated IFS, if it is differentiable.
摘要It is shown that an arbitrary function from D Rn to Rm will become C0,a-continuous in almost every x∈ D after restriction to a certain subset with limit pointx. For n 〉 m differentiability can be obtained. Examples show the Ho1der exponent a=min{1,n/m}is optimal.
基金Supported by the NSF of China (10071063 and 10471114)
摘要A locally convex space is said to be a Gateaux differentiability space (GDS) provided every continuous convex function defined on a nonempty convex open subset D of the space is densely Gateaux differentiable in .D.This paper shows that the product of a GDS and a family of separable Prechet spaces is a GDS,and that the product of a GDS and an arbitrary locally convex space endowed with the weak topology is a GDS.
摘要This paper studies the smoothness of solutions of the higher dimensional polynomial-like iterative equation. The methods given by Zhang Weinian([7]) and by Kulczvcki M, Tabor j.([3]) are improved by constructing a new operator for the structure of the equation in order to apply fixed point theorems. Existence, uniqueness and stability of continuously differentiable solutions are given.
基金Research supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11671243)the Shaanxi natural science basic research project of China(2018JM1020)
摘要In this paper,we study the differentiability of solutions on the boundary for equartions of type L_λu=~2u/x^2+|x|2λ~2u/y^2=f(x,y),whereλis an arbitrary positive number.By introducing a proper metric that is related to the elliptic operator L_λ,we prove the differentiability on the boundary when some well-posed boundary conditions are satisfied.The main difficulty is the construction of new barrier functions in this article.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12071334,11671293)
摘要Some basic concepts for functions defined on subsets of the unit sphere,such as the s-directional derivative,s-gradient and s-Gateaux and s-Frechet differentiability etc,are introduced and investigated.These concepts are different from the usual ones for functions defined on subsets of Euclidean spaces,however,the results obtained here are very similar.Then,as applications,we provide some criterions of s-convexity for functions defined on unit spheres which are improvements or refinements of some known results.
基金Research supported by the Hungarian"M uvel odesi es Kozoktatosi Miniszterium",grant no.FKFP0182/200O,the Bolyai Fellowship of the Hungarian Academy of Science and the Hungarian National Foundation for Scientific Research(OTKA),grant no.M 36511/2001.
摘要The aim of this paper is to prove the following theorem concerning the term by term differentiation the-orem of Walsh-Kaczmarz series. Let (ck) be a decreasing real sequence withare integrable functions and f(x) is a. e. dyadic (or Butzer and Wagner) differentiate withThe function Kk means the kth Walsh-Kaczmarz function.
摘要The aim of this paper is to investigate the differentiability(Gateaux differentiabllity and subdifferentiability) of continuous convex functions on locally convex spaces and to study the behaviour of some important results for this research area in locally convex spaces.
摘要This paper considers the differentiability of C 0 semigroups with respect to (w.r.t.) parameters contained in their infinitesimal generators.It is proved that the generalized continuity and strong differentiability of their infinitesimal generators w.r.t.parameters imply the differentiability of the C 0 semigroups.The results are applied to the differentiability of the solution of a linear delay differential equation w.r.t.its delays.
基金Project (No. 10271111) supported partially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
摘要Many papers on a wide range of control problems for Pritchard-Salamon systems have appeared and many of its important mathematical and system theoretical properties have been revealed. This paper deals with the differentiability of the Pritchard-Salamon system with admissible state-feedback. Spectrum analysis showed that under definite condition, the unbounded perturbation semigroup of the Pritchard-Salamon system is eventually differentiable.
摘要The purpose of this paper is to verify the Smulyan lemma for the support function, and also the Gateaux differentiability of the support function is studied on its domain. Moreover, we provide a characterization of Frechet differentiability of the support function on the extremal points.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12271351)。
摘要We consider a recursive system which was introduced by Derrida and Retaux(J.Stat.Phys.,156,268-290(2014))as a toy model to study the depinning transition in presence of disorder.Derrida and Retaux predicted the free energy F∞(p)of the system exhibit quite an unusual physical phenomenon which is an infinite order phase transition.Hu and Shi(J.Stat.Phys.,172,718-741(2018))studied a special situation and obtained other behavior of the free energy,while insisted on p=pc being an essential singularity.Recently,Chen,Dagard,Derrida,Hu,Lifshits and Shi(Ann.Probab.,49,637-670(2021))confirmed the Derrida-Retaux conjecture under suitable integrability condition.However,from a mathematical point of view,it is still unknown whether the free energy is infinitely differentiable at the critical point.So we continue to study the infinite differentiability of the free energy in this paper.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32102355,32572974)the Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project(Grant Nos.2024A04J6951,2023B03J1369)+1 种基金the Special Fund for Rural Revitalization Strategy in Guangdong Province(Grant No.2024NPY-00-028)the"Young and Middle-aged Academic Leaders"Training Fund Project of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.R2023PY-JX005)。
摘要Sugars and organic acids form the core fundamental flavor foundation of ripe papaya fruit.Although R2R3-type v-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog transcription factors(R2R3-MYB TFs)have been reported to play important roles in regulating the primary and secondary metabolism in fruits.However,the functions and underlying regulatory mechanisms of R2R3-MYB TFs in the metabolism of sugars and organic acids during papaya ripening remain unclear.In this study,through RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)coupled with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)validation,a novel ethylene-responsive R2R3-MYB TF gene,CpMYB114-like(CpMYB114L),was identified.Transcriptome analysis and ethylene induction assays highlighted CpMYB114L as the key MYB gene activated during papaya ripening.Subcellular localization experiments confirmed that CpMYB114L was localized in the nucleus.Analyses of transgenic papaya fruits and calli,demonstrated that CpMYB114L promoted the accumulation of glucose,fructose,and sucrose,while simultaneously accelerating malate degradation.DNA Affinity Purification sequencing(DAP-seq)combined with yeast one-hybrid(Y1H)assays identified that CpMYB114L directly bound to the promoters of two sugar/organic acid metabolism-related genes,Isocitrate dehydrogenase 5(CpIDH5)and NADP-dependent malic enzyme 2(CpNADP-ME2).Electrophoretic mobility shift(EMSA),dual-luciferase reporter(Dual-LUC)and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR(ChIP-qPCR)assays further confirmed that CpMYB114L positively activated the expression of CpIDH5 and CpNADP-ME2 by directly binding to the specific regions of their promoters.Notably,transient overexpression of CpNADP-ME2 in papaya fruits and calli recapitulated decreased malate levels and increased sugar content,whereas CpIDH5 overexpression did not exhibit any functional relevance.This study elucidates a regulatory module,CpMYB114L-CpNADP-ME2,linking malate catabolism and sugar accumulation,offering valuable insights into flavor improvement strategies for papaya.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32470985Nantong S&T Programs of China,No.MS2024051Federation for Prevention&Control of Infectious Diseases of China,No.NTCRB2025016。
摘要BACKGROUND Cluster of differentiation 24(CD24)serves as a liver cancer stem cell marker,and its upregulation is related to chronic liver disease malignancy.However,the exact relationship between CD24 expression and hepatocarcinogenesis remains unknown.AIM To investigate CD24 levels among individuals with chronic liver diseases and confirm the alterations in CD24 and programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)expression in a dynamic model of rat hepatocarcinogenesis.METHODS Approved by the ethics committee,CD24 levels were detected in the serum of 129 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),72 patients with chronic hepatitis(CH),60 patients with liver cirrhosis(LC)and 111 normal control(NC).Receiver operating characteristic curves and clinicopathological characteristics of CD24 were used to evaluate the diagnostic or prognostic value for HCC,and the CD24+T lymphocyte ratio and dynamic alterations in CD24 and PD-L1 expression were confirmed in a rat HCC model.RESULTS Compared with those in the CH,LC and NC groups,the average CD24 level in the HCC group was significantly greater(P<0.01).The CD24+T-cell ratio in the HCC group was greater than that in the CH or NC group.Clinicopathological characteristics of high CD24 in HCC patients included hepatitis B virus infection,single/multicenter status,tumor size,lymph node or extrahepatic metastasis,differentiation degree,tumor-node-metastasis grade,Child-Pugh score,portal vein tumor thrombus and poor prognosis.Mechanistically,CD24 is dynamically upregulated during hepatocarcinogenesis and closely positively correlated with PD-L1 for immune escape,metastasis(CD44),and with respect to HCC markers(Wnt3a,GPC-3 and alpha-fetoprotein).CONCLUSION Activated CD24 promoted HCC formation through programmed death-ligand 1 signaling and could be a valuable biomarker for monitoring chronic liver disease malignancy.