Advancements in nanostructures and nanomaterials have significantly impacted both academic research and industry.Notable nanomaterials include carbon materials,polymeric nanoparticles,dendrimers,metal and metal oxide ...Advancements in nanostructures and nanomaterials have significantly impacted both academic research and industry.Notable nanomaterials include carbon materials,polymeric nanoparticles,dendrimers,metal and metal oxide nanoparticles,liposomes,zeolites,Metal-Organic Frameworks(MOFs),MXenes,molecular cages,and covalent organic frameworks(COFs).Their unique structures and properties make them suitable for diverse applications.Nano-structuration,which generates various nano-architectures with unique characteristics,influences the physical,chemical,and electrical properties of nanomaterials.This process is essential for achieving desired properties and maximizing application potential.Carbon materials,MOFs,and other nanomaterials have been classified based on their architectural dimensionality and the effects of nano-structuration on their applications.However,comprehensive studies on the synthesis and fabrication of COF nanostructures with desired architectures and dimensionalities are lacking.This review discusses the library of available nanostructures based on dimensionality,factors influencing nano-structuration,and the potential applications of nanomaterials like carbon materials,MOFs,and organic cage molecules.Additionally,it attempts to classify COFs based on architectural variation,specific synthetic strategies,and other factors influencing nano-structuration and applications.The aim is to develop novel synthetic methods for COF architectures across all dimensions,utilizing their morphological diversity for targeted applications based on their structure-property relationship,and to explore new methodologies for interconverting COF architectures through covalent and supramolecular self-assembly.展开更多
A novel aperiodically intermittent impulse control(AIIC)method is proposed to investigate the exponential synchronization in mean square(ESMS)of a class of impulsive stochastic infinite-dimensional systems with Poisso...A novel aperiodically intermittent impulse control(AIIC)method is proposed to investigate the exponential synchronization in mean square(ESMS)of a class of impulsive stochastic infinite-dimensional systems with Poisson jumps(ISIDSP).The AIIC control strategy inherits the flexibility of aperiodically intermittent control,including the variable control period,adjustable control interval length,and the discretization of impulsive control.In addition,this article introduces a novel mild Itô's formula.By leveraging semigroup theory,the contraction mapping principle,and graph theory,along with constructing the Lyapunov function,the criterion for the existence and uniqueness of a mild solution of ISIDSP is thereby established.Furthermore,the mean-square exponential synchronization problem of the above systems is resolved,and the constraints within the mild solution domain are alleviated.These criteria clarify the impact of control parameters,control intervals and network topology on ESMS.The theoretical results are subsequently applied to a class of neural networks with reaction-diffusion processes,and the validity of the results is verified using numerical simulations.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of deep cryogenic treatment(DCT)on hot isostatic pressed(HIP)beryllium for inertial devices,focusing on residual stress,microstructure,tensile properties,and dimensional stability.T...This study investigated the effects of deep cryogenic treatment(DCT)on hot isostatic pressed(HIP)beryllium for inertial devices,focusing on residual stress,microstructure,tensile properties,and dimensional stability.The findings revealed that during DCT,residual stress in beryllium increased gradually due to non-uniform volumetric contraction and mismatch stress,reaching a 59.9%increase from initial levels after 200 h of DCT.DCT led to significant grain refinement and an increase in dislocation density.In 200 h DCT-treated beryllium,geometric necessary dislocation(GND)density increased 17.9%,grain size decreased 12.3%,and therefore yield strength and tensile strength improved by 4.2% and 5.6%,respectively.The dimensional stability of HIP beryllium was significantly enhanced by DCT,and the improvement tended to increase with the duration of DCT.The cumulative size changes of beryllium after 200 h of DCT during both cold exposure and cold cycling decreased significantly by 86% and 50%,respectively,compared to those of HIP beryllium.Furthermore,the residual tensile strength and retention rate increased by 12.5% and 5.5%,respectively,after undergoing room-temperature creep at 100 MPa for 1000 h.展开更多
High-performance acoustic devices are essential to a wide array of modern technologies,including highsensitivity detection electronics and industrial devices.In this context,two-dimensional(2D)materials emerge as high...High-performance acoustic devices are essential to a wide array of modern technologies,including highsensitivity detection electronics and industrial devices.In this context,two-dimensional(2D)materials emerge as highly promising candidates for next-generation acoustic sensing,owing to their exceptional properties.展开更多
The original online version of this article was revised:The layout update for Article 758 has impacted the page range in the published issue,but did not affect the scholarly content.To ensure consistency with the orig...The original online version of this article was revised:The layout update for Article 758 has impacted the page range in the published issue,but did not affect the scholarly content.To ensure consistency with the originally assigned pages(2595-2614),we will need to publish an erratum to correct the article and restore the original page range.The original article has been corrected.展开更多
Owing to their global search capabilities and gradient-free operation,metaheuristic algorithms are widely applied to a wide range of optimization problems.However,their computational demands become prohibitive when ta...Owing to their global search capabilities and gradient-free operation,metaheuristic algorithms are widely applied to a wide range of optimization problems.However,their computational demands become prohibitive when tackling high-dimensional optimization challenges.To effectively address these challenges,this study introduces cooperative metaheuristics integrating dynamic dimension reduction(DR).Building upon particle swarm optimization(PSO)and differential evolution(DE),the proposed cooperative methods C-PSO and C-DE are developed.In the proposed methods,the modified principal components analysis(PCA)is utilized to reduce the dimension of design variables,thereby decreasing computational costs.The dynamic DR strategy implements periodic execution of modified PCA after a fixed number of iterations,resulting in the important dimensions being dynamically identified.Compared with the static one,the dynamic DR strategy can achieve precise identification of important dimensions,thereby enabling accelerated convergence toward optimal solutions.Furthermore,the influence of cumulative contribution rate thresholds on optimization problems with different dimensions is investigated.Metaheuristic algorithms(PSO,DE)and cooperative metaheuristics(C-PSO,C-DE)are examined by 15 benchmark functions and two engineering design problems(speed reducer and composite pressure vessel).Comparative results demonstrate that the cooperative methods achieve significantly superior performance compared to standard methods in both solution accuracy and computational efficiency.Compared to standard metaheuristic algorithms,cooperative metaheuristics achieve a reduction in computational cost of at least 40%.The cooperative metaheuristics can be effectively used to tackle both high-dimensional unconstrained and constrained optimization problems.展开更多
Efficient detection of nitroaromatic explosives remains a great challenge,and covalent organic frameworks(COFs)incorporating aggregation-induced emission(AIE)units provide a promising platform for high-performance flu...Efficient detection of nitroaromatic explosives remains a great challenge,and covalent organic frameworks(COFs)incorporating aggregation-induced emission(AIE)units provide a promising platform for high-performance fluorescent sensing.Herein,we designed and synthesized both two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)AIE-active COFs to systematically investigate how dimensional differences(pore architecture,charge transfer efficiency,and AIE behavior)regulate sensing performance.Through a“4+4”imine condensation strategy,a 2D sql topological COF(TPPDA-TPTPE)was obtained from a planar tetraamine(TPPDA),whereas a 3D pts topological COF(JUC-646)was constructed from a twisted tetraamine(BMTA)with Td geometry—using the same TPTPE linker.Both COFs exhibit high crystallinity,stability,and strong AIEderived luminescence,but show strikingly different sensing performances.In particular,JUC-646 achieves a quenching constant of 6.99×104L/mol toward 2,4,6-trinitrophenol(TNP),nearly five times higher than that of TPPDA-TPTPE.This superior performance originates from the 3D open-channel structure(facilitating analyte diffusion),enhanced host-guest interactions,and energetically favorable photoinduced electron transfer—all of which are derived from dimensional differences.This comparative study explicitly establishes a structure-function relationship between framework dimensionality and sensing performance,offering direct guidance for the rational design of AIE-active COFs with tailored dimensionality for efficient explosive detection.展开更多
The management of severe tricuspid regurgitation(TR)in elderly patients has been transformed by transcatheter edge-to-edge repair(TEER),now a cornerstone for those at prohibitive surgical risk.[1]However,with increasi...The management of severe tricuspid regurgitation(TR)in elderly patients has been transformed by transcatheter edge-to-edge repair(TEER),now a cornerstone for those at prohibitive surgical risk.[1]However,with increasing procedural volumes,recurrent TR after TEER is emerging as a relevant clinical challenge.[2]Although three-dimensional(3D)echocardiography provides superior characterization of complex post-procedural orifices,its role in guiding the difficult decision between redo intervention and conservative management in octogenarians remains insufficiently defined.[3,4]展开更多
Neurodegenerative disorders represent an increasingly pertinent public health crisis.As a greater proportion of the population ages,neurodegenerative disorders and other diseases of aging place undue burdens on patien...Neurodegenerative disorders represent an increasingly pertinent public health crisis.As a greater proportion of the population ages,neurodegenerative disorders and other diseases of aging place undue burdens on patients,caregivers,and healthcare workers.Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and Parkinson’s disease represent the two most common neurodegenerative disorders in the population,affecting over 65 million people,worldwide.展开更多
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)have emerged as promising candidate materials for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices due to their exceptional carrier mobility,strong light-matt...Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)have emerged as promising candidate materials for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices due to their exceptional carrier mobility,strong light-matter interactions,and remarkable mechanical flexibility[1].However,their transition from laboratory prototypes to industrial-scale manufacturing is fundamentally limited by van der Waals(vd W)contacts,which,in stark contrast to covalent bonding in silicon technologies,exhibit weak interfacial band coupling and low bonding strength,resulting in unacceptably high contact resistance(RC)and poor thermomechanical stability[2].展开更多
A porous three-dimensional(3D)structure was created on the Zn surface by an electrostripping activation process under high current density,which could suppress the non-uniform Zn2+deposition induced by the“tip eff...A porous three-dimensional(3D)structure was created on the Zn surface by an electrostripping activation process under high current density,which could suppress the non-uniform Zn2+deposition induced by the“tip effect.”Moreover,a functional CeO4H4/Ce(OH)3 passivation layer was introduced to prevent electrochemical corrosion and facilitate electrolyte infiltration.Benefiting from the ingenious 3D structure and passivation layer,the assembled symmetric cell delivers a long lifespan of over 1500 h at 5 mA/cm2.Even at 20 mA/cm2,the electrode can still operate for over 300 h.The R-Zn@CeǁMnO2 full cell exhibits a capacity of 205.3 mA·h/g after 300 cycles at a current density of 0.3 A/g.展开更多
Low-dimensional carbon nitrides are expected to exhibit rich structural diversity and tunable electronic properties;however,their controlled synthesis remains challenging.Here,we demonstrate the synthesis of one-and t...Low-dimensional carbon nitrides are expected to exhibit rich structural diversity and tunable electronic properties;however,their controlled synthesis remains challenging.Here,we demonstrate the synthesis of one-and two-dimensional carbon nitride phases on Cu(111)using ion-beam-assisted epitaxy.By systematically tuning the growth parameters,two distinct ordered phases are selectively stabilized:a two-dimensional 6×6 superstructure and a one-dimensional chain-like phase.Their structural and electronic properties are investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy,low-energy electron diffraction,x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.The combined measurements provide clear evidence for C-N bond formation and semiconducting behavior in both phases.These results establish ion-beam-assisted epitaxy as an effective route for realizing low-dimensional carbon nitrides and provide a platform for exploring low-dimensional electronic and optoelectronic devices.展开更多
Selective molecular recognition is central to chemical sensing yet discriminating structurally similar molecules at complex interfaces remains challenging.Traditional strategies based on tuning size,charge,or binding-...Selective molecular recognition is central to chemical sensing yet discriminating structurally similar molecules at complex interfaces remains challenging.Traditional strategies based on tuning size,charge,or binding-site chemistry often suffer from limited flexibility.Here,we employ dimensionality engineering of cerium-based metal-organic frameworks(Ce-MOFs),comparing 2D and 3D Ce-MOFs to modulate molecular interactions via spatial conformation matching.Phytic acid(PA),with its distinct 3D inositol hexaphosphate structure,exhibits dimension-dependent interfacial assembly behavior.In 2D CeMOF,PA acts as a"molecular bridge"inducing interlayer stacking(~fivefold thickness increase)and leading to strong noncompetitive inhibition(IC50=0.053 mM)of its hydrolase(phosphatase)-mimetic activity.Conversely,confinement within the large pores(14.42Å)of 3D Ce-MOF allows partial pore penetration(PA cross section:10.46Å)resulting in weak competitive inhibition(IC50=1.7 mM).Spectroscopy(31P NMR,FTIR)and zeta potential testing confirmed analogous PA-Ce coordination modes in Ce-MOFs ruling out chemical disparity as the cause.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations further verified the interlayer bridging in 2D MOF and intrapore confinement in 3D MOF as distinct adsorption modes.This fundamental difference—interlayer stacking versus confined penetration driven by dimensionality engineering creates a unique"dimensional fingerprint"for PA.Leveraging this orthogonal response(noncompetitive vs.competitive inhibition),we demonstrate a sensing strategy for selective PA identification.This work establishes dimensionality engineering as a powerful paradigm for rational interface design and selective recognition based on analyte spatial architecture.展开更多
The direct utilization of magnesium(Mg)metal as the anode of Mg batteries is significantly susceptible to passivation in conventional electrolytes,which critically hinders Mg plating and stripping.To address this issu...The direct utilization of magnesium(Mg)metal as the anode of Mg batteries is significantly susceptible to passivation in conventional electrolytes,which critically hinders Mg plating and stripping.To address this issue,a synergistic effect of the three-dimensional(3D)scaffolds'dispersive current strategy and the gradient conductivity artificial layer effectively promotes internal reversible Mg plating and stripping.In this study,we have synthesized 3D magnesiophilic gradient conductivity scaffolds(Sn@Ni),featuring an electronic insulation layer,uniform Mg2+ transport channels,and a high specific surface area,through in situ ion-exchange reactions.It is observed that the plate-like metal chloride insulation provides the necessary potential gradient to prevent electrolyte decomposition and Mg deposition on the surface.Furthermore,the magnesiophilic metal tin(Sn)effectively lowers the nucleation barrier of Mg,enhancing the uniform diffusion of Mg.Additionally,the high specific surface area of the nickel foam skeleton effectively mitigates current density and regulates Mg deposition behavior.As a result,the Sn@Ni 3D gradient conductivity scaffolds exhibit an exceptionally low Mg nucleation overpotential(52 mV)under 500μA/cm2.Moreover,the Sn@Ni-Mg gradient conductivity anode,produced by plating Mg onto Sn@Ni,demonstrates a symmetric cell capable of sustaining an ultra-long stable reversible cycle exceeding 2800 h(5300 cycles).Full cells with Mo6S8 cathode also show an impressive capacity retention of 95.6%after 500 cycles at 1 C.This breakthrough provides a novel approach to anode design,presenting potential advancements for next-generation Mg batteries.展开更多
Efficient and selective regeneration of enzymatically active 1,4-NADH from NAD+is pivotal for accelerating photoenzymatic CO2conversion.However,constructing photocatalysts that sustain continuous electron flow a...Efficient and selective regeneration of enzymatically active 1,4-NADH from NAD+is pivotal for accelerating photoenzymatic CO2conversion.However,constructing photocatalysts that sustain continuous electron flow and provide sufficient hydride supply remains a major challenge.Herein,we report a rhodium-coordinated three-dimensional conjugated polymer(3D-Bpy-Rh)photocatalyst featuring multiple electron channels,designed through dimensionality engineering and incorporation of hydride-forming active centers.Such a 3D structure promotes rapid charge separation and multidimensional electron migration,while facilitating trapped-electron release to Rh centers for accelerated electron transfer.As a result,3D-Bpy-Rh achieves a visible-light driven NADH regeneration efficiency of 90.8%with 99.2%selectivity toward 1,4-NADH,surpassing state-of-the-art photocatalysts.Furthermore,the mechanism between the electron reduction capability of the photocatalyst and the selective formation of 1,4-NADH was elucidated,combining transient absorption spectroscopy analysis and DFT calculations.When integrated into photoenzymatic systems,this photocatalyst enhances CO2conversion,boosting methanol and ethanol yields by 5.2-and 2.0-fold,respectively.These results highlighted the potential of dimensionality-engineered photocatalysts for selective 1,4-NADH regeneration and efficient photoenzymatic fuel synthesis.展开更多
The relentless drive for miniaturization in microelectronics,guided by Moore's Law,is approaching a critical inflection point.Silicon-based transistors,the workhorse of modern computing,are confronting fundamental...The relentless drive for miniaturization in microelectronics,guided by Moore's Law,is approaching a critical inflection point.Silicon-based transistors,the workhorse of modern computing,are confronting fundamental physical limits at the atomic scale,where issues of power leakage and degraded electrostatic control become increasingly severe[1].展开更多
Extracellular matrix(ECM)constitutes a key basement structure to human organisms by acting as a complex network of large proteins and carbohydrates that provide structural support to surrounding cells.Remodeling in th...Extracellular matrix(ECM)constitutes a key basement structure to human organisms by acting as a complex network of large proteins and carbohydrates that provide structural support to surrounding cells.Remodeling in the ECM's structural fibers leads to insight into the development of diseases such as cancer,fibrosis,and carcinoma.Although standard tissue visualization in the ECM involves multiple lengthy histopathological staining protocols,Mueller-matrix-based polarimetry provides label-free tissue slices'microstructural information and optical properties.We aim to identify three types of fiber tissues commonly found in the ECM of gastrointestinal tissue specimens by analyzing their polarization properties.To address decomposition methods'reliance on restrictive hypotheses and inability with an individual polarization-based parameter to determine the nature of a given biological tissue,we employ the uniform manifold approximation and projection method to offer greater discriminative power and flexibility.Subsequently,polarization-based features will be extracted and compared among fiber regions statistically to discern potential diagnostic differences.By providing colorized images,we aim to demonstrate the feasibility of distinguishing different fibers with a polarization approach,offering insights for future clinical development while complementing existing staining methods for pathological tissue specimens.展开更多
In recent years,the research on superconductivity in one-dimensional(1D)materials has been attracting increasing attention due to its potential applications in low-dimensional nanodevices.However,the critical temperat...In recent years,the research on superconductivity in one-dimensional(1D)materials has been attracting increasing attention due to its potential applications in low-dimensional nanodevices.However,the critical temperature(Tc)of 1D superconductors is low.In this work,we theoretically investigate the possible high Tc superconductivity of(5,5)carbon nanotube(CNT).The pristine(5,5)CNT is a Dirac semimetal and can be modulated into a semiconductor by full hydrogenation.Interestingly,by further hole doping,it can be regulated into a metallic state with the sp3-hybridized σ electrons metalized,and a giant Kohn anomaly appears in the optical phonons.The two factors together enhance the electron–phonon coupling,and lead to high-Tc superconductivity.When the hole doping concentration of hydrogenated-(5,5)CNT is 2.5 hole/cell,the calculated Tc is 82.3 K,exceeding the boiling point of liquid nitrogen.Therefore,the predicted hole-doped hydrogenated-(5,5)CNT provides a new platform for 1D high-Tc superconductivity and may have potential applications in 1D nanodevices.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have emerged as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their cost-effectiveness and resource abundance.However,challenges such as sluggish ion diffusion kinetics,structura...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have emerged as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their cost-effectiveness and resource abundance.However,challenges such as sluggish ion diffusion kinetics,structural degradation,and interfacial instability hinder their practical applications.This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in multidimensional characterization techniques for SIBs,covering atomic-scale crystal structure evolution,compositional distribution,microstructural dynamics,and chemical state changes.We highlight the critical role of in situ and ex situ techniques(e.g.,X-ray diffraction[XRD],transmission electron microscopy[TEM],X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy[XPS],X-ray absorption spectroscopy[XAS])in elucidating structure-property relationships,particularly in multi-element doping,composite materials,and novel electrolyte systems.Key findings include:(1)multi-element doping strategies mitigate phase transition stresses as revealed by in situ XRD and atomic-scale strain mapping;(2)interface engineering(e.g.,SEI/CEI optimization)enhances cycling stability characterized by XPS and TEM;and(3)synchrotron-based methods(e.g.,XAS)reveal dynamic redox mechanisms.Finally,we discuss future opportunities in ultra-resolution imaging,AI-driven analysis,and extreme-condition characterization to accelerate the development of high-performance SIBs.展开更多
Monitoring waterbirds is vital for evaluating the ecological health of wetlands,and object detection offers an automated solution for identifying birds in monitoring imagery.However,conventional detection methods ofte...Monitoring waterbirds is vital for evaluating the ecological health of wetlands,and object detection offers an automated solution for identifying birds in monitoring imagery.However,conventional detection methods often overlook the multi-scale nature of bird targets,limiting their ability to capture rich contextual information across different scales.To address this,we propose a cross-dimensional attention network(CDA-Net)for bird detection that integrates spatial and channel information to improve species recognition.The proposed CDA-Net partitions feature maps into multiple channel wise sub-features.Spatial and channel attention are applied to each subfeature,and the resulting features are fused using the Hadamard product.The fused features are then forwarded to the detection head to generate the final detection results.This approach effectively captures and integrates information across spatial and channel dimensions.Experiments on our self-constructed Nanhai Wetland Waterbird Dataset and the public CUB-200-2011 dataset yield precision scores of 91.32%and 81.99%,respectively,outperforming existing methods.Our approach effectively handles scale variation in bird detection and provides a valuable tool for advancing automated wetland waterbird monitoring.展开更多
基金the funding from the SERB SUPRA[SPR/2021/000020]for funding.
摘要Advancements in nanostructures and nanomaterials have significantly impacted both academic research and industry.Notable nanomaterials include carbon materials,polymeric nanoparticles,dendrimers,metal and metal oxide nanoparticles,liposomes,zeolites,Metal-Organic Frameworks(MOFs),MXenes,molecular cages,and covalent organic frameworks(COFs).Their unique structures and properties make them suitable for diverse applications.Nano-structuration,which generates various nano-architectures with unique characteristics,influences the physical,chemical,and electrical properties of nanomaterials.This process is essential for achieving desired properties and maximizing application potential.Carbon materials,MOFs,and other nanomaterials have been classified based on their architectural dimensionality and the effects of nano-structuration on their applications.However,comprehensive studies on the synthesis and fabrication of COF nanostructures with desired architectures and dimensionalities are lacking.This review discusses the library of available nanostructures based on dimensionality,factors influencing nano-structuration,and the potential applications of nanomaterials like carbon materials,MOFs,and organic cage molecules.Additionally,it attempts to classify COFs based on architectural variation,specific synthetic strategies,and other factors influencing nano-structuration and applications.The aim is to develop novel synthetic methods for COF architectures across all dimensions,utilizing their morphological diversity for targeted applications based on their structure-property relationship,and to explore new methodologies for interconverting COF architectures through covalent and supramolecular self-assembly.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12471422,62573274,12371173)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(ZR2022LLZ003,ZR2024MF001)the Funding for Visiting Studies and Research by Teachers in Ordinary Undergraduate Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province。
摘要A novel aperiodically intermittent impulse control(AIIC)method is proposed to investigate the exponential synchronization in mean square(ESMS)of a class of impulsive stochastic infinite-dimensional systems with Poisson jumps(ISIDSP).The AIIC control strategy inherits the flexibility of aperiodically intermittent control,including the variable control period,adjustable control interval length,and the discretization of impulsive control.In addition,this article introduces a novel mild Itô's formula.By leveraging semigroup theory,the contraction mapping principle,and graph theory,along with constructing the Lyapunov function,the criterion for the existence and uniqueness of a mild solution of ISIDSP is thereby established.Furthermore,the mean-square exponential synchronization problem of the above systems is resolved,and the constraints within the mild solution domain are alleviated.These criteria clarify the impact of control parameters,control intervals and network topology on ESMS.The theoretical results are subsequently applied to a class of neural networks with reaction-diffusion processes,and the validity of the results is verified using numerical simulations.
基金Project(JCKY2018203B067)supported by the National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China。
摘要This study investigated the effects of deep cryogenic treatment(DCT)on hot isostatic pressed(HIP)beryllium for inertial devices,focusing on residual stress,microstructure,tensile properties,and dimensional stability.The findings revealed that during DCT,residual stress in beryllium increased gradually due to non-uniform volumetric contraction and mismatch stress,reaching a 59.9%increase from initial levels after 200 h of DCT.DCT led to significant grain refinement and an increase in dislocation density.In 200 h DCT-treated beryllium,geometric necessary dislocation(GND)density increased 17.9%,grain size decreased 12.3%,and therefore yield strength and tensile strength improved by 4.2% and 5.6%,respectively.The dimensional stability of HIP beryllium was significantly enhanced by DCT,and the improvement tended to increase with the duration of DCT.The cumulative size changes of beryllium after 200 h of DCT during both cold exposure and cold cycling decreased significantly by 86% and 50%,respectively,compared to those of HIP beryllium.Furthermore,the residual tensile strength and retention rate increased by 12.5% and 5.5%,respectively,after undergoing room-temperature creep at 100 MPa for 1000 h.
基金supported by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(Grant No.2021B0301030002)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12574185)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.2022M720629,2025T180922,and 2022M710232)Hangzhou Tsientang Education FoundationYoung Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program of the Beijing High Innovation Plan。
摘要High-performance acoustic devices are essential to a wide array of modern technologies,including highsensitivity detection electronics and industrial devices.In this context,two-dimensional(2D)materials emerge as highly promising candidates for next-generation acoustic sensing,owing to their exceptional properties.
摘要The original online version of this article was revised:The layout update for Article 758 has impacted the page range in the published issue,but did not affect the scholarly content.To ensure consistency with the originally assigned pages(2595-2614),we will need to publish an erratum to correct the article and restore the original page range.The original article has been corrected.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12402142,11832013 and 11572134)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2024AFB235)+1 种基金Hubei Provincial Department of Education Science and Technology Research Project(No.Q20221714)the Opening Foundation of Hubei Key Laboratory of Digital Textile Equipment(Nos.DTL2023019 and DTL2022012).
摘要Owing to their global search capabilities and gradient-free operation,metaheuristic algorithms are widely applied to a wide range of optimization problems.However,their computational demands become prohibitive when tackling high-dimensional optimization challenges.To effectively address these challenges,this study introduces cooperative metaheuristics integrating dynamic dimension reduction(DR).Building upon particle swarm optimization(PSO)and differential evolution(DE),the proposed cooperative methods C-PSO and C-DE are developed.In the proposed methods,the modified principal components analysis(PCA)is utilized to reduce the dimension of design variables,thereby decreasing computational costs.The dynamic DR strategy implements periodic execution of modified PCA after a fixed number of iterations,resulting in the important dimensions being dynamically identified.Compared with the static one,the dynamic DR strategy can achieve precise identification of important dimensions,thereby enabling accelerated convergence toward optimal solutions.Furthermore,the influence of cumulative contribution rate thresholds on optimization problems with different dimensions is investigated.Metaheuristic algorithms(PSO,DE)and cooperative metaheuristics(C-PSO,C-DE)are examined by 15 benchmark functions and two engineering design problems(speed reducer and composite pressure vessel).Comparative results demonstrate that the cooperative methods achieve significantly superior performance compared to standard methods in both solution accuracy and computational efficiency.Compared to standard metaheuristic algorithms,cooperative metaheuristics achieve a reduction in computational cost of at least 40%.The cooperative metaheuristics can be effectively used to tackle both high-dimensional unconstrained and constrained optimization problems.
基金supported by the Key Field Research Project for Ordinary Institutions of Higher Education in Guangdong Province(No.2024ZDZX3004)Funding for the"Three-Tier"Talent Development Project of Zhuhai College of Science and Technology,Teaching Research and Reform Project of Higher Education in Guangdong Province(No.2023011)+8 种基金Guangdong Provincial Key Disciplines Research Capability Enhancement Project(No.2024ZDJS138)Sci-Tech R&D Platforms&Projects of Ordinary Higher Education Institutions under Guangdong Provincial Department of Education(Nos.2023KQNCX133 and 2025KTSCX233)National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFB3704900and 2021YFF0500500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22025504,22475081,22105082,52073119,21621001,22405094 and 21390394)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023M741326 and 2023TQ0128)"111 Center"(Nos.BP0719036 and B17020)Key Projects of Jilin Provincial Department of Education(No.JJKH20241252KJ)the program for JLU Science and Technology Innovative Research Teamthe SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing,and the Joint Fund Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No.YDZJ202301ZYTS323)。
摘要Efficient detection of nitroaromatic explosives remains a great challenge,and covalent organic frameworks(COFs)incorporating aggregation-induced emission(AIE)units provide a promising platform for high-performance fluorescent sensing.Herein,we designed and synthesized both two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)AIE-active COFs to systematically investigate how dimensional differences(pore architecture,charge transfer efficiency,and AIE behavior)regulate sensing performance.Through a“4+4”imine condensation strategy,a 2D sql topological COF(TPPDA-TPTPE)was obtained from a planar tetraamine(TPPDA),whereas a 3D pts topological COF(JUC-646)was constructed from a twisted tetraamine(BMTA)with Td geometry—using the same TPTPE linker.Both COFs exhibit high crystallinity,stability,and strong AIEderived luminescence,but show strikingly different sensing performances.In particular,JUC-646 achieves a quenching constant of 6.99×104L/mol toward 2,4,6-trinitrophenol(TNP),nearly five times higher than that of TPPDA-TPTPE.This superior performance originates from the 3D open-channel structure(facilitating analyte diffusion),enhanced host-guest interactions,and energetically favorable photoinduced electron transfer—all of which are derived from dimensional differences.This comparative study explicitly establishes a structure-function relationship between framework dimensionality and sensing performance,offering direct guidance for the rational design of AIE-active COFs with tailored dimensionality for efficient explosive detection.
摘要The management of severe tricuspid regurgitation(TR)in elderly patients has been transformed by transcatheter edge-to-edge repair(TEER),now a cornerstone for those at prohibitive surgical risk.[1]However,with increasing procedural volumes,recurrent TR after TEER is emerging as a relevant clinical challenge.[2]Although three-dimensional(3D)echocardiography provides superior characterization of complex post-procedural orifices,its role in guiding the difficult decision between redo intervention and conservative management in octogenarians remains insufficiently defined.[3,4]
基金supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research(DFD-181599)the National Institutes of Health(T32AG058527)to RJB and R0190106435 to VM.
摘要Neurodegenerative disorders represent an increasingly pertinent public health crisis.As a greater proportion of the population ages,neurodegenerative disorders and other diseases of aging place undue burdens on patients,caregivers,and healthcare workers.Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and Parkinson’s disease represent the two most common neurodegenerative disorders in the population,affecting over 65 million people,worldwide.
摘要Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)have emerged as promising candidate materials for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices due to their exceptional carrier mobility,strong light-matter interactions,and remarkable mechanical flexibility[1].However,their transition from laboratory prototypes to industrial-scale manufacturing is fundamentally limited by van der Waals(vd W)contacts,which,in stark contrast to covalent bonding in silicon technologies,exhibit weak interfacial band coupling and low bonding strength,resulting in unacceptably high contact resistance(RC)and poor thermomechanical stability[2].
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2023JJ40305)Science and Technology Talent Lifting Project of Hunan Province,China(No.2023TJ-N04)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students in Hunan Province,China(No.S202310543036).
摘要A porous three-dimensional(3D)structure was created on the Zn surface by an electrostripping activation process under high current density,which could suppress the non-uniform Zn2+deposition induced by the“tip effect.”Moreover,a functional CeO4H4/Ce(OH)3 passivation layer was introduced to prevent electrochemical corrosion and facilitate electrolyte infiltration.Benefiting from the ingenious 3D structure and passivation layer,the assembled symmetric cell delivers a long lifespan of over 1500 h at 5 mA/cm2.Even at 20 mA/cm2,the electrode can still operate for over 300 h.The R-Zn@CeǁMnO2 full cell exhibits a capacity of 205.3 mA·h/g after 300 cycles at a current density of 0.3 A/g.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFA1408700,2024YFA1408400,and 2024YFA1409100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.W2411004,12374197,and T2325028)+1 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.JQ23001)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant Nos.YSBR-047 and YSBR-054)。
摘要Low-dimensional carbon nitrides are expected to exhibit rich structural diversity and tunable electronic properties;however,their controlled synthesis remains challenging.Here,we demonstrate the synthesis of one-and two-dimensional carbon nitride phases on Cu(111)using ion-beam-assisted epitaxy.By systematically tuning the growth parameters,two distinct ordered phases are selectively stabilized:a two-dimensional 6×6 superstructure and a one-dimensional chain-like phase.Their structural and electronic properties are investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy,low-energy electron diffraction,x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.The combined measurements provide clear evidence for C-N bond formation and semiconducting behavior in both phases.These results establish ion-beam-assisted epitaxy as an effective route for realizing low-dimensional carbon nitrides and provide a platform for exploring low-dimensional electronic and optoelectronic devices.
基金supported by the Project of Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province,China(Grant 20220101299JC)supported by High Performance Computing Center,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences。
摘要Selective molecular recognition is central to chemical sensing yet discriminating structurally similar molecules at complex interfaces remains challenging.Traditional strategies based on tuning size,charge,or binding-site chemistry often suffer from limited flexibility.Here,we employ dimensionality engineering of cerium-based metal-organic frameworks(Ce-MOFs),comparing 2D and 3D Ce-MOFs to modulate molecular interactions via spatial conformation matching.Phytic acid(PA),with its distinct 3D inositol hexaphosphate structure,exhibits dimension-dependent interfacial assembly behavior.In 2D CeMOF,PA acts as a"molecular bridge"inducing interlayer stacking(~fivefold thickness increase)and leading to strong noncompetitive inhibition(IC50=0.053 mM)of its hydrolase(phosphatase)-mimetic activity.Conversely,confinement within the large pores(14.42Å)of 3D Ce-MOF allows partial pore penetration(PA cross section:10.46Å)resulting in weak competitive inhibition(IC50=1.7 mM).Spectroscopy(31P NMR,FTIR)and zeta potential testing confirmed analogous PA-Ce coordination modes in Ce-MOFs ruling out chemical disparity as the cause.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations further verified the interlayer bridging in 2D MOF and intrapore confinement in 3D MOF as distinct adsorption modes.This fundamental difference—interlayer stacking versus confined penetration driven by dimensionality engineering creates a unique"dimensional fingerprint"for PA.Leveraging this orthogonal response(noncompetitive vs.competitive inhibition),we demonstrate a sensing strategy for selective PA identification.This work establishes dimensionality engineering as a powerful paradigm for rational interface design and selective recognition based on analyte spatial architecture.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52301282,52072256)Key R&D program of Shanxi Province(Nos.202102030201006,202202070301016)+5 种基金Central Guide Local Science and Technology Development Funding Program(No.YDZJSX2021B005)Shanxi Province Science and Technology Program Unveiled Bidding Program(No.20201101016)Science and Technology Innovation Base Construction Project of Shanxi Province(No.YDZJSX2022B003)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(No.20210302124308)Shanxi Province Fundamental Research Program Youth Program(Nos.202303021212044,202303021212047)Teaching Reform Project of Shanxi Province(No.2021YJJG046)。
摘要The direct utilization of magnesium(Mg)metal as the anode of Mg batteries is significantly susceptible to passivation in conventional electrolytes,which critically hinders Mg plating and stripping.To address this issue,a synergistic effect of the three-dimensional(3D)scaffolds'dispersive current strategy and the gradient conductivity artificial layer effectively promotes internal reversible Mg plating and stripping.In this study,we have synthesized 3D magnesiophilic gradient conductivity scaffolds(Sn@Ni),featuring an electronic insulation layer,uniform Mg2+ transport channels,and a high specific surface area,through in situ ion-exchange reactions.It is observed that the plate-like metal chloride insulation provides the necessary potential gradient to prevent electrolyte decomposition and Mg deposition on the surface.Furthermore,the magnesiophilic metal tin(Sn)effectively lowers the nucleation barrier of Mg,enhancing the uniform diffusion of Mg.Additionally,the high specific surface area of the nickel foam skeleton effectively mitigates current density and regulates Mg deposition behavior.As a result,the Sn@Ni 3D gradient conductivity scaffolds exhibit an exceptionally low Mg nucleation overpotential(52 mV)under 500μA/cm2.Moreover,the Sn@Ni-Mg gradient conductivity anode,produced by plating Mg onto Sn@Ni,demonstrates a symmetric cell capable of sustaining an ultra-long stable reversible cycle exceeding 2800 h(5300 cycles).Full cells with Mo6S8 cathode also show an impressive capacity retention of 95.6%after 500 cycles at 1 C.This breakthrough provides a novel approach to anode design,presenting potential advancements for next-generation Mg batteries.
基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDC0120103)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023B151520034)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-072)。
摘要Efficient and selective regeneration of enzymatically active 1,4-NADH from NAD+is pivotal for accelerating photoenzymatic CO2conversion.However,constructing photocatalysts that sustain continuous electron flow and provide sufficient hydride supply remains a major challenge.Herein,we report a rhodium-coordinated three-dimensional conjugated polymer(3D-Bpy-Rh)photocatalyst featuring multiple electron channels,designed through dimensionality engineering and incorporation of hydride-forming active centers.Such a 3D structure promotes rapid charge separation and multidimensional electron migration,while facilitating trapped-electron release to Rh centers for accelerated electron transfer.As a result,3D-Bpy-Rh achieves a visible-light driven NADH regeneration efficiency of 90.8%with 99.2%selectivity toward 1,4-NADH,surpassing state-of-the-art photocatalysts.Furthermore,the mechanism between the electron reduction capability of the photocatalyst and the selective formation of 1,4-NADH was elucidated,combining transient absorption spectroscopy analysis and DFT calculations.When integrated into photoenzymatic systems,this photocatalyst enhances CO2conversion,boosting methanol and ethanol yields by 5.2-and 2.0-fold,respectively.These results highlighted the potential of dimensionality-engineered photocatalysts for selective 1,4-NADH regeneration and efficient photoenzymatic fuel synthesis.
摘要The relentless drive for miniaturization in microelectronics,guided by Moore's Law,is approaching a critical inflection point.Silicon-based transistors,the workhorse of modern computing,are confronting fundamental physical limits at the atomic scale,where issues of power leakage and degraded electrostatic control become increasingly severe[1].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62335007)。
摘要Extracellular matrix(ECM)constitutes a key basement structure to human organisms by acting as a complex network of large proteins and carbohydrates that provide structural support to surrounding cells.Remodeling in the ECM's structural fibers leads to insight into the development of diseases such as cancer,fibrosis,and carcinoma.Although standard tissue visualization in the ECM involves multiple lengthy histopathological staining protocols,Mueller-matrix-based polarimetry provides label-free tissue slices'microstructural information and optical properties.We aim to identify three types of fiber tissues commonly found in the ECM of gastrointestinal tissue specimens by analyzing their polarization properties.To address decomposition methods'reliance on restrictive hypotheses and inability with an individual polarization-based parameter to determine the nature of a given biological tissue,we employ the uniform manifold approximation and projection method to offer greater discriminative power and flexibility.Subsequently,polarization-based features will be extracted and compared among fiber regions statistically to discern potential diagnostic differences.By providing colorized images,we aim to demonstrate the feasibility of distinguishing different fibers with a polarization approach,offering insights for future clinical development while complementing existing staining methods for pathological tissue specimens.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12074213 and 11574108)the Major Basic Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No.ZR2021ZD01)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No.ZR2023MA082)。
摘要In recent years,the research on superconductivity in one-dimensional(1D)materials has been attracting increasing attention due to its potential applications in low-dimensional nanodevices.However,the critical temperature(Tc)of 1D superconductors is low.In this work,we theoretically investigate the possible high Tc superconductivity of(5,5)carbon nanotube(CNT).The pristine(5,5)CNT is a Dirac semimetal and can be modulated into a semiconductor by full hydrogenation.Interestingly,by further hole doping,it can be regulated into a metallic state with the sp3-hybridized σ electrons metalized,and a giant Kohn anomaly appears in the optical phonons.The two factors together enhance the electron–phonon coupling,and lead to high-Tc superconductivity.When the hole doping concentration of hydrogenated-(5,5)CNT is 2.5 hole/cell,the calculated Tc is 82.3 K,exceeding the boiling point of liquid nitrogen.Therefore,the predicted hole-doped hydrogenated-(5,5)CNT provides a new platform for 1D high-Tc superconductivity and may have potential applications in 1D nanodevices.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52474325,52231008,and 52563028)the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(Grant No.524RC475)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province(Grant Nos.ZDYF2025GXJS005 and ZDYF2024GXJS006)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Tropical Marine Science and Technology,Hainan University(Grant No.XTCX2022HYA03)。
摘要Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have emerged as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their cost-effectiveness and resource abundance.However,challenges such as sluggish ion diffusion kinetics,structural degradation,and interfacial instability hinder their practical applications.This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in multidimensional characterization techniques for SIBs,covering atomic-scale crystal structure evolution,compositional distribution,microstructural dynamics,and chemical state changes.We highlight the critical role of in situ and ex situ techniques(e.g.,X-ray diffraction[XRD],transmission electron microscopy[TEM],X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy[XPS],X-ray absorption spectroscopy[XAS])in elucidating structure-property relationships,particularly in multi-element doping,composite materials,and novel electrolyte systems.Key findings include:(1)multi-element doping strategies mitigate phase transition stresses as revealed by in situ XRD and atomic-scale strain mapping;(2)interface engineering(e.g.,SEI/CEI optimization)enhances cycling stability characterized by XPS and TEM;and(3)synchrotron-based methods(e.g.,XAS)reveal dynamic redox mechanisms.Finally,we discuss future opportunities in ultra-resolution imaging,AI-driven analysis,and extreme-condition characterization to accelerate the development of high-performance SIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371874,32401569)supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(6244053)。
摘要Monitoring waterbirds is vital for evaluating the ecological health of wetlands,and object detection offers an automated solution for identifying birds in monitoring imagery.However,conventional detection methods often overlook the multi-scale nature of bird targets,limiting their ability to capture rich contextual information across different scales.To address this,we propose a cross-dimensional attention network(CDA-Net)for bird detection that integrates spatial and channel information to improve species recognition.The proposed CDA-Net partitions feature maps into multiple channel wise sub-features.Spatial and channel attention are applied to each subfeature,and the resulting features are fused using the Hadamard product.The fused features are then forwarded to the detection head to generate the final detection results.This approach effectively captures and integrates information across spatial and channel dimensions.Experiments on our self-constructed Nanhai Wetland Waterbird Dataset and the public CUB-200-2011 dataset yield precision scores of 91.32%and 81.99%,respectively,outperforming existing methods.Our approach effectively handles scale variation in bird detection and provides a valuable tool for advancing automated wetland waterbird monitoring.