This paper discusses adaptive distributed optimization with predefined accuracy for high-order nonlinear multi-agent systems(MASs)that are subject to disturbances and nonlinear uncertainties.To estimate the global opt...This paper discusses adaptive distributed optimization with predefined accuracy for high-order nonlinear multi-agent systems(MASs)that are subject to disturbances and nonlinear uncertainties.To estimate the global optimal solution in realtime,a distributed proportional-integral optimization technique is used to generate a virtual system for each agent.For the unknown control gain of the controller,the Nussbaum function is employed.Then,a fuzzy adaptive observer is designed to estimate the unmeasured state by leveraging the general approximation capabilities of fuzzy logic systems.Using the Lyapunov stability method and backstepping technique,we develop the adaptive law and a new distributed controller.This ensures that the outputs of multi-agent systems converge to optimal values.Finally,a simulation example is used to confirm the viability of the presented control mechanism.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter presents anε-exact penalty-based scalarization method to solve the constrained multi-objective optimization problem of load sharing and transmission loss minimization within voltage safety con...Dear Editor,This letter presents anε-exact penalty-based scalarization method to solve the constrained multi-objective optimization problem of load sharing and transmission loss minimization within voltage safety constraints in a meshed direct current(DC)microgrid.A distributed predefined-time optimization algorithm is designed and implemented by deploying consensus-based observers to obtain an optimal solution.The proposed algorithm is verified by simulations and hardware-in-the-loop experiments in cases of load variation,plugand-play,grid change,and by comparative study.展开更多
With the development of communication and computation capabilities on terminal hardware,it is promising to apply distributed optimization methods to wireless sensor networks to improve the autonomous collaboration abi...With the development of communication and computation capabilities on terminal hardware,it is promising to apply distributed optimization methods to wireless sensor networks to improve the autonomous collaboration ability of sensors.In this work,we study distributed multi-target localization problem with measurement-to-measurement association(DM2M),where each sensor only accesses its own measurement data without the association of measurements from other sensors.We first reformulate DM2M into a distributed bilevel optimization problem to reduce the search space of negotiated variables caused by the data association among sensors.Then,we propose a multiagent swarm optimization method with contribution-based cooperation(MASTER).In MASTER,each sensor maintains a particle swarm to represent candidate solutions of target positions.Sensors evolve their particle swarms through two phases of local optimization and neighbor cooperation to locate the target cooperatively.To address the bilevel local objective function,we combine the Kuhn-Munkres algorithm and the competitive swarm optimization for local optimization.To promote sensors to optimize the global objective,we design a contribution-based cooperation method to guide sensors to learn from their neighbors.Through localization experiments for different target numbers and localization dimensions,the proposed algorithm achieves smaller localization errors and more stable consensus than existing algorithms.展开更多
This paper investigates the distributed continuoustime aggregative optimization problem for second-order multiagent systems,where the local cost function is not only related to its own decision variables,but also to t...This paper investigates the distributed continuoustime aggregative optimization problem for second-order multiagent systems,where the local cost function is not only related to its own decision variables,but also to the aggregation of the decision variables of all the agents.By using the gradient descent method,the distributed average tracking(DAT)technique and the time-base generator(TBG)technique,a distributed continuous-time aggregative optimization algorithm is proposed.Subsequently,the optimality of the system's equilibrium point is analyzed,and the convergence of the closed-loop system is proved using the Lyapunov stability theory.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated through case studies on multirobot systems and power generation systems.展开更多
The rapid expansion of electric vehicles(EVs)and the emergence of the Internet of Electric Vehicles(IoEV)have created considerable operational challenges for modern power systems.Large-scale EV charging can cause peak...The rapid expansion of electric vehicles(EVs)and the emergence of the Internet of Electric Vehicles(IoEV)have created considerable operational challenges for modern power systems.Large-scale EV charging can cause peak demand surges,voltage instability,and inefficient utilization of renewable energy resources when charging activities are not effectively coordinated.This study proposes an uncertainty-aware distributed optimization framework for smart EV charging in cyber-physical smart grids,in which charging schedules are coordinated while simultaneously considering grid capacity constraints,stochastic EV arrival patterns,renewable energy variability,and battery degradation effects.A multi-objective optimization model is formulated to minimize peak grid load,charging cost,and battery degradation.The optimization problem is solved using a distributed algorithm based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers,enabling scalable coordination among multiple charging stations.Simulation studies were carried out in the MATLAB-Simulink environment with EV fleet sizes ranging from 100 to 500 vehicles integrated with solar photovoltaic generation.The results indicate a 39.2%reduction in peak feeder load,a 24%decrease in total charging cost,and an improvement in renewable energy utilization to 76.9%.In addition,the proposed framework reduces annual battery capacity loss from 6.7%to 3.8%compared with uncontrolled charging.The primary contribution of this work is the integration of uncertainty modeling,distributed optimization,and battery health prediction within a unified IoEV charging management framework.展开更多
Continuous fiber-reinforced polymers(CFRPs)have been extensively utilized in aerospace industries,making it imperative for CFRP structural optimization to consider the effects of extreme service environments.In this p...Continuous fiber-reinforced polymers(CFRPs)have been extensively utilized in aerospace industries,making it imperative for CFRP structural optimization to consider the effects of extreme service environments.In this paper,a thermalmechanical coupling concurrent topology and fiber distribution optimization(TM-CTFDO)method is proposed,specifically tailored for CFRP structures subjected to extreme environmental conditions.The mapping relationships between fiber design variables and material properties are deduced based on the rule of mixture to realize the analysis of thermoelastic CFRP structures.The integrated optimization model for CFRP structures is established with minimizing structural compliance,adhering to the volume constraints of structural and fiber under mechanical and temperature loads.Sensitivity analysis and optimization solution are realized by adopting the adjoint method and the method of moving asymptotes,respectively.This approach culminates in the determination of the optimal topology,fiber orientation,and content.In the post-processing phase,a fiber path planning algorithm is investigated to achieve the continuous fiber path based on the optimization results,which also effectively controls the distribution of dense and sparse fiber.Several examples under uniform and varying temperature fields are provided to verify the effectiveness of the TM-CTFDO method.The influence of temperature and mechanical loads on the optimization results is discussed,which will provide guidance on CFRP structural design and fiber path planning under thermal-mechanical coupling.展开更多
The increasing integration of distributed generation(DG)and energy storage systems(ESS)has significantly enhanced the flexibility and efficiency of distribution networks.However,the growing frequency of extreme weathe...The increasing integration of distributed generation(DG)and energy storage systems(ESS)has significantly enhanced the flexibility and efficiency of distribution networks.However,the growing frequency of extreme weather events has exposed the vulnerability of distribution lines,posing serious challenges to the reliability and resilience of such systems.Existing DG and ESS planning models often neglect this vulnerability dimension,leading to suboptimal siting decisions and reduced system robustness.To address this issue,this paper proposes a comprehensive multi-objective optimization framework that coordinates the allocation of DG and ESS and explicitly incorporates line vulnerability under extreme weather conditions.The vulnerability index of each distribution line is first evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations that capture the probabilistic influence of micro-climatic and terrain factors.This assessment serves as a pre-processing stage that screens out high-risk lines and thereby constrains the optimization decision space to more reliable nodes for DG and ESS deployment.Building upon this filtered network,a multi-objective optimization model is established to determine the optimal siting and capacities of DG and ESS.The optimization simultaneously minimizes the total annual cost,which includes investment,operation,and maintenance expenses,as well as network power losses,while improving overall system resilience.A case study on a modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.The results demonstrate that vulnerability-aware planning achieves a better balance between cost and reliability compared with conventional approaches.Specifically,the proposed strategy reduces annual network losses and outage durations while maintaining voltage stability with respect to climate-adjusted line failure rates.Furthermore,the integration of ESS enables effective peak shaving and valley filling,improving system efficiency and operational flexibility.These findings confirm that incorporating line vulnerability into DG and ESS planning provides a practical and scalable pathway for enhancing the resilience and economy of distribution networks.展开更多
Ensuring reliability in distribution networks is essential under increasing operational and economic constraints.Traditional planning models rely on power flow calculations,leading to high computational costs and poor...Ensuring reliability in distribution networks is essential under increasing operational and economic constraints.Traditional planning models rely on power flow calculations,leading to high computational costs and poor scalability.This study proposes a quantitative decomposition framework that establishes a direct linkage among reliability improvement measures,reliability parameters,and reliability indices,enabling fast and analytical reliability evaluation without power flow analysis.A bi-objective optimization model is developed to minimize both reliability indices(SAIDI)and investment costs,solved using Pareto-based multi-objective PSO combined with the TOPSIS method.Case studies on a 519-node distribution network demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves significant reliability improvement with superior computational efficiency,offering a practical and scalable tool for reliabilityoriented distribution planning.展开更多
Theauthor proposes a dual layer source grid load storage collaborative planning model based on Benders decomposition to optimize the low-carbon and economic performance of the distribution network.The model plans the ...Theauthor proposes a dual layer source grid load storage collaborative planning model based on Benders decomposition to optimize the low-carbon and economic performance of the distribution network.The model plans the configuration of photovoltaic(3.8 MW),wind power(2.5 MW),energy storage(2.2 MWh),and SVC(1.2 Mvar)through interaction between upper and lower layers,and modifies lines 2–3,8–9,etc.to improve transmission capacity and voltage stability.The author uses normal distribution and Monte Carlo method to model load uncertainty,and combines Weibull distribution to describe wind speed characteristics.Compared to the traditional three-layer model(TLM),Benders decomposition-based two-layer model(BLBD)has a 58.1%reduction in convergence time(5.36 vs.12.78 h),a 51.1%reduction in iteration times(23 vs.47 times),a 8.07%reduction in total cost(12.436 vs.13.528 million yuan),and a 9.62%reduction in carbon emissions(12,456 vs.13,782 t).After optimization,the peak valley difference decreased from4.1 to 2.9MW,the renewable energy consumption rate reached 93.4%,and the energy storage efficiency was 87.6%.Themodel has been validated in the IEEE 33 node system,demonstrating its superiority in terms of economy,low-carbon,and reliability.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the distributed online optimization problem on a time-varying network,where each agent on the network has its own time-varying objective function and the goal is to minimize the overall loss ...In this paper,we consider the distributed online optimization problem on a time-varying network,where each agent on the network has its own time-varying objective function and the goal is to minimize the overall loss accumulated.Moreover,we focus on distributed algorithms which do not use gradient information and projection operators to improve the applicability and computational efficiency.By introducing the deterministic differences and the randomized differences to substitute the gradient information of the objective functions and removing the projection operator in the traditional algorithms,we design two kinds of gradient-free distributed online optimization algorithms without projection step,which can economize considerable computational resources as well as has less limitations on the applicability.We prove that both of two algorithms achieves consensus of the estimates and regrets of\(O\left(\log(T)ight)\)for local strongly convex objective,respectively.Finally,a simulation example is provided to verify the theoretical results.展开更多
Steam power systems(SPSs)in industrial parks are the typical utility systems for heat and electricity supply.In SPSs,electricity is generated by steam turbines,and steam is generally produced and supplied at multiple ...Steam power systems(SPSs)in industrial parks are the typical utility systems for heat and electricity supply.In SPSs,electricity is generated by steam turbines,and steam is generally produced and supplied at multiple levels to serve the heat demands of consumers with different temperature grades,so that energy is utilized in cascade.While a large number of steam levels enhances energy utilization efficiency,it also tends to cause a complex steam pipeline network in the industrial park.In practice,a moderate number of steam levels is always adopted in SPSs,leading to temperature mismatches between heat supply and demand for some consumers.This study proposes a distributed steam turbine system(DSTS)consisting of main steam turbines on the energy supply side and auxiliary steam turbines on the energy consumption side,aiming to balance the heat production costs,the distance-related costs,and the electricity generation of SPSs in industrial parks.A mixed-integer nonlinear programming model is established for the optimization of SPSs,with the objective of minimizing the total annual cost(TAC).The optimal number of steam levels and the optimal configuration of DSTS for an industrial park can be determined by solving the model.A case study demonstrates that the TAC of the SPS is reduced by 220.6×103USD(2.21%)through the arrangement of auxiliary steam turbines.The sub-optimal number of steam levels and a non-optimal operating condition slightly increase the TAC by 0.46%and 0.28%,respectively.The sensitivity analysis indicates that the optimal number of steam levels tends to decrease from 3 to 2 as electricity price declines.展开更多
A chance-constrained energy dispatch model based on the distributed stochastic model predictive control(DSMPC)approach for an islanded multi-microgrid system is proposed.An ambiguity set considering the inherent uncer...A chance-constrained energy dispatch model based on the distributed stochastic model predictive control(DSMPC)approach for an islanded multi-microgrid system is proposed.An ambiguity set considering the inherent uncertainties of renewable energy sources(RESs)is constructed without requiring the full distribution knowledge of the uncertainties.The power balance chance constraint is reformulated within the framework of the distributionally robust optimization(DRO)approach.With the exchange of information and energy flow,each microgrid can achieve its local supply-demand balance.Furthermore,the closed-loop stability and recursive feasibility of the proposed algorithm are proved.The comparative results with other DSMPC methods show that a trade-off between robustness and economy can be achieved.展开更多
With the deepening of the power system reform,an increasing number of microgrids are being integrated into the distribution network.In traditional centralized optimization algorithms,the optimal power flow model of th...With the deepening of the power system reform,an increasing number of microgrids are being integrated into the distribution network.In traditional centralized optimization algorithms,the optimal power flow model of the distribution network and the optimal scheduling model of microgrid clusters are directly coupled and solved simultaneously.This process involves extensive information exchange between the upper distribution network system and the lower microgrid clusters,which not only increases the communication burden but also prolongs computation time and raises computational complexity.Moreover,it requires excessive information sharing,making it difficult to achieve limited information exchange between the upper and lower systems.In this paper,an optimization model and solution method based on the analytical target cascading approach are proposed.First,a typical microgrid model is constructed.On this basis,a collaborative optimization model for the active distribution network(ADN)and microgrid clusters is established.The distribution network and the microgrid clusters are treated as a unified entity of interest,with their interconnection power represented as virtual generators and virtual loads to achieve decoupling.Finally,simulations based on the IEEE-33 node standard system are conducted.Compared with the centralized algorithm,the effectiveness of the analytical target cascading method in coordinating the distribution network and microgrid clusters is verified.The proposed approach reduces computational complexity and enables optimized operation with limited information exchange.展开更多
To address the high costs and operational instability of distribution networks caused by the large-scale integration of distributed energy resources(DERs)(such as photovoltaic(PV)systems,wind turbines(WT),and energy s...To address the high costs and operational instability of distribution networks caused by the large-scale integration of distributed energy resources(DERs)(such as photovoltaic(PV)systems,wind turbines(WT),and energy storage(ES)devices),and the increased grid load fluctuations and safety risks due to uncoordinated electric vehicles(EVs)charging,this paper proposes a novel dual-scale hierarchical collaborative optimization strategy.This strategy decouples system-level economic dispatch from distributed EV agent control,effectively solving the resource coordination conflicts arising from the high computational complexity,poor scalability of existing centralized optimization,or the reliance on local information decision-making in fully decentralized frameworks.At the lower level,an EV charging and discharging model with a hybrid discrete-continuous action space is established,and optimized using an improved Parameterized Deep Q-Network(PDQN)algorithm,which directly handles mode selection and power regulation while embedding physical constraints to ensure safety.At the upper level,microgrid(MG)operators adopt a dynamic pricing strategy optimized through Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)to maximize economic benefits and achieve peak-valley shaving.Simulation results show that the proposed strategy outperforms traditional methods,reducing the total operating cost of the MG by 21.6%,decreasing the peak-to-valley load difference by 33.7%,reducing the number of voltage limit violations by 88.9%,and lowering the average electricity cost for EV users by 15.2%.This method brings a win-win result for operators and users,providing a reliable and efficient scheduling solution for distribution networks with high renewable energy penetration rates.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the distributed optimal control of the three-dimensional Cahn-Hilliard-Brinkman system with a more general potential.We obtain the regularity results for the weak solution which are essential...In this paper,we consider the distributed optimal control of the three-dimensional Cahn-Hilliard-Brinkman system with a more general potential.We obtain the regularity results for the weak solution which are essential for an associated optimal control problem.We then show that the control-to-state operator is Frechet differentiable and we derive the first-order necessary optimality conditions in terms of a variational inequality involving the adjoint state variables.展开更多
Considering the complexity of plant-wide optimization for large-scale industries, a distributed optimization framework to solve the profit optimization problem in ethylene whole process is proposed. To tackle the dela...Considering the complexity of plant-wide optimization for large-scale industries, a distributed optimization framework to solve the profit optimization problem in ethylene whole process is proposed. To tackle the delays arising from the residence time for materials passing through production units during the process with guaranteed constraint satisfaction, an asynchronous distributed parameter projection algorithm with gradient tracking method is introduced. Besides, the heavy ball momentum and Nesterov momentum are incorporated into the proposed algorithm in order to achieve double acceleration properties. The experimental results show that the proposed asynchronous algorithm can achieve a faster convergence compared with the synchronous algorithm.展开更多
This paper investigates a class of constrained distributed zeroth-order optimization(ZOO) problems over timevarying unbalanced graphs while ensuring privacy preservation among individual agents. Not taking into accoun...This paper investigates a class of constrained distributed zeroth-order optimization(ZOO) problems over timevarying unbalanced graphs while ensuring privacy preservation among individual agents. Not taking into account recent progress and addressing these concerns separately, there remains a lack of solutions offering theoretical guarantees for both privacy protection and constrained ZOO over time-varying unbalanced graphs.We hereby propose a novel algorithm, termed the differential privacy(DP) distributed push-sum based zeroth-order constrained optimization algorithm(DP-ZOCOA). Operating over time-varying unbalanced graphs, DP-ZOCOA obviates the need for supplemental suboptimization problem computations, thereby reducing overhead in comparison to distributed primary-dual methods. DP-ZOCOA is specifically tailored to tackle constrained ZOO problems over time-varying unbalanced graphs,offering a guarantee of convergence to the optimal solution while robustly preserving privacy. Moreover, we provide rigorous proofs of convergence and privacy for DP-ZOCOA, underscoring its efficacy in attaining optimal convergence without constraints. To enhance its applicability, we incorporate DP-ZOCOA into the federated learning framework and formulate a decentralized zeroth-order constrained federated learning algorithm(ZOCOA-FL) to address challenges stemming from the timevarying imbalance of communication topology. Finally, the performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms are thoroughly evaluated through simulations on distributed least squares(DLS) and decentralized federated learning(DFL) tasks.展开更多
This study presents a weighted-sum multi-criteria optimization framework using PSO for the optimal siting,sizing,and scenario-based operation of energy storage systems(ESSs)in renewable-integrated distribution network...This study presents a weighted-sum multi-criteria optimization framework using PSO for the optimal siting,sizing,and scenario-based operation of energy storage systems(ESSs)in renewable-integrated distribution networks.The proposed model concurrently addresses technical,economic,and reliability objectives—minimizing active power losses(PL),voltage deviation(VD),expected energy not supplied(EENS),and short-circuit level(SCL),while maximizing voltage sensitivity index(VSI)and power-loss sensitivity factor(PLSF).A Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm with weighted-sum scalarization is employed to solve this complex,nonlinear optimization problem and effectively balance the conflicting operational goals.The framework is validated using IEEE 69-bus and IEEE 118-bus test systems under varying load conditions(20%,50%,100%,and 150%)with time-dependent photovoltaic(PV)and wind turbine(WT)generation profiles.Results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves significant performance enhancements,reducing power losses by up to 54%,EENS by 88%,and operational cost by 22%while maintaining SCL values within protection limits.Furthermore,the inclusion of ESS units improves system reliability and voltage stability,ensuring smooth operation during load fluctuations and fault conditions.The findings confirm that the proposed weighted-sum multi-criteria optimization framework using PSO provides a scalable and protection-aware solution for integrating ESSs into renewable-rich distribution networks.It offers a robust planning and operational tool for next-generation smart grids,enabling a more efficient,resilient,and sustainable energy ecosystem.展开更多
Optimal sizing and allocation of distributed generators(DGs)have become essential computational challenges in improving the performance,efficiency,and reliability of electrical distribution networks.Despite extensive ...Optimal sizing and allocation of distributed generators(DGs)have become essential computational challenges in improving the performance,efficiency,and reliability of electrical distribution networks.Despite extensive research,existing approaches often face algorithmic limitations such as slow convergence,premature stagnation in local minima,or suboptimal accuracy in determining optimal DG placement and capacity.This study presents a comprehensive scientometric and systematic review of global research focused on computer-based modelling and algorithmic optimization for renewable DG sizing and placement.It integrates both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the scholarly landscape,mapping influential research domains,co-authorship structures,the articles’citation networks,keyword clusters,and international collaboration patterns.Moreover,the study classifies and evaluates the most prominent objective functions,key computational models and optimization algorithms,DG technologies,and strategic approaches employed in the field.The findings reveal that advanced algorithmic frameworks substantially enhance network stability,minimize real power losses,and improve voltage profiles under various operational constraints.This review serves as a foundational resource for researchers and practitioners,highlighting emerging algorithmic trends,modelling innovations,and data-driven methodologies that can guide future development of intelligent,optimization-based DG integration strategies in smart distribution systems.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter addresses distributed optimization for resource allocation problems with time-varying objective functions and time-varying constraints.Inspired by the distributed average tracking(DAT)approach,...Dear Editor,This letter addresses distributed optimization for resource allocation problems with time-varying objective functions and time-varying constraints.Inspired by the distributed average tracking(DAT)approach,a distributed control protocol is proposed for optimal resource allocation.The convergence to a time-varying optimal solution within a predefined time is proved.Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62173121,12301185,6257317362473135)。
摘要This paper discusses adaptive distributed optimization with predefined accuracy for high-order nonlinear multi-agent systems(MASs)that are subject to disturbances and nonlinear uncertainties.To estimate the global optimal solution in realtime,a distributed proportional-integral optimization technique is used to generate a virtual system for each agent.For the unknown control gain of the controller,the Nussbaum function is employed.Then,a fuzzy adaptive observer is designed to estimate the unmeasured state by leveraging the general approximation capabilities of fuzzy logic systems.Using the Lyapunov stability method and backstepping technique,we develop the adaptive law and a new distributed controller.This ensures that the outputs of multi-agent systems converge to optimal values.Finally,a simulation example is used to confirm the viability of the presented control mechanism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62573202)。
摘要Dear Editor,This letter presents anε-exact penalty-based scalarization method to solve the constrained multi-objective optimization problem of load sharing and transmission loss minimization within voltage safety constraints in a meshed direct current(DC)microgrid.A distributed predefined-time optimization algorithm is designed and implemented by deploying consensus-based observers to obtain an optimal solution.The proposed algorithm is verified by simulations and hardware-in-the-loop experiments in cases of load variation,plugand-play,grid change,and by comparative study.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62376097)Guangdong Regional Joint Foundation Key Program(2022B1515120076)。
摘要With the development of communication and computation capabilities on terminal hardware,it is promising to apply distributed optimization methods to wireless sensor networks to improve the autonomous collaboration ability of sensors.In this work,we study distributed multi-target localization problem with measurement-to-measurement association(DM2M),where each sensor only accesses its own measurement data without the association of measurements from other sensors.We first reformulate DM2M into a distributed bilevel optimization problem to reduce the search space of negotiated variables caused by the data association among sensors.Then,we propose a multiagent swarm optimization method with contribution-based cooperation(MASTER).In MASTER,each sensor maintains a particle swarm to represent candidate solutions of target positions.Sensors evolve their particle swarms through two phases of local optimization and neighbor cooperation to locate the target cooperatively.To address the bilevel local objective function,we combine the Kuhn-Munkres algorithm and the competitive swarm optimization for local optimization.To promote sensors to optimize the global objective,we design a contribution-based cooperation method to guide sensors to learn from their neighbors.Through localization experiments for different target numbers and localization dimensions,the proposed algorithm achieves smaller localization errors and more stable consensus than existing algorithms.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2025YFE0213100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62422315,62573348)+1 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2025JC-YBMS-667)the“Shuang Yi Liu”Construction Foundation(25GH02010366)。
摘要This paper investigates the distributed continuoustime aggregative optimization problem for second-order multiagent systems,where the local cost function is not only related to its own decision variables,but also to the aggregation of the decision variables of all the agents.By using the gradient descent method,the distributed average tracking(DAT)technique and the time-base generator(TBG)technique,a distributed continuous-time aggregative optimization algorithm is proposed.Subsequently,the optimality of the system's equilibrium point is analyzed,and the convergence of the closed-loop system is proved using the Lyapunov stability theory.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated through case studies on multirobot systems and power generation systems.
摘要The rapid expansion of electric vehicles(EVs)and the emergence of the Internet of Electric Vehicles(IoEV)have created considerable operational challenges for modern power systems.Large-scale EV charging can cause peak demand surges,voltage instability,and inefficient utilization of renewable energy resources when charging activities are not effectively coordinated.This study proposes an uncertainty-aware distributed optimization framework for smart EV charging in cyber-physical smart grids,in which charging schedules are coordinated while simultaneously considering grid capacity constraints,stochastic EV arrival patterns,renewable energy variability,and battery degradation effects.A multi-objective optimization model is formulated to minimize peak grid load,charging cost,and battery degradation.The optimization problem is solved using a distributed algorithm based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers,enabling scalable coordination among multiple charging stations.Simulation studies were carried out in the MATLAB-Simulink environment with EV fleet sizes ranging from 100 to 500 vehicles integrated with solar photovoltaic generation.The results indicate a 39.2%reduction in peak feeder load,a 24%decrease in total charging cost,and an improvement in renewable energy utilization to 76.9%.In addition,the proposed framework reduces annual battery capacity loss from 6.7%to 3.8%compared with uncontrolled charging.The primary contribution of this work is the integration of uncertainty modeling,distributed optimization,and battery health prediction within a unified IoEV charging management framework.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12472113 and 11872080)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,China(Grant No.3192005)。
摘要Continuous fiber-reinforced polymers(CFRPs)have been extensively utilized in aerospace industries,making it imperative for CFRP structural optimization to consider the effects of extreme service environments.In this paper,a thermalmechanical coupling concurrent topology and fiber distribution optimization(TM-CTFDO)method is proposed,specifically tailored for CFRP structures subjected to extreme environmental conditions.The mapping relationships between fiber design variables and material properties are deduced based on the rule of mixture to realize the analysis of thermoelastic CFRP structures.The integrated optimization model for CFRP structures is established with minimizing structural compliance,adhering to the volume constraints of structural and fiber under mechanical and temperature loads.Sensitivity analysis and optimization solution are realized by adopting the adjoint method and the method of moving asymptotes,respectively.This approach culminates in the determination of the optimal topology,fiber orientation,and content.In the post-processing phase,a fiber path planning algorithm is investigated to achieve the continuous fiber path based on the optimization results,which also effectively controls the distribution of dense and sparse fiber.Several examples under uniform and varying temperature fields are provided to verify the effectiveness of the TM-CTFDO method.The influence of temperature and mechanical loads on the optimization results is discussed,which will provide guidance on CFRP structural design and fiber path planning under thermal-mechanical coupling.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of Southern Power Grid Guangxi Power Grid Co.,Ltd.(GXKJXM20222157).
摘要The increasing integration of distributed generation(DG)and energy storage systems(ESS)has significantly enhanced the flexibility and efficiency of distribution networks.However,the growing frequency of extreme weather events has exposed the vulnerability of distribution lines,posing serious challenges to the reliability and resilience of such systems.Existing DG and ESS planning models often neglect this vulnerability dimension,leading to suboptimal siting decisions and reduced system robustness.To address this issue,this paper proposes a comprehensive multi-objective optimization framework that coordinates the allocation of DG and ESS and explicitly incorporates line vulnerability under extreme weather conditions.The vulnerability index of each distribution line is first evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations that capture the probabilistic influence of micro-climatic and terrain factors.This assessment serves as a pre-processing stage that screens out high-risk lines and thereby constrains the optimization decision space to more reliable nodes for DG and ESS deployment.Building upon this filtered network,a multi-objective optimization model is established to determine the optimal siting and capacities of DG and ESS.The optimization simultaneously minimizes the total annual cost,which includes investment,operation,and maintenance expenses,as well as network power losses,while improving overall system resilience.A case study on a modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.The results demonstrate that vulnerability-aware planning achieves a better balance between cost and reliability compared with conventional approaches.Specifically,the proposed strategy reduces annual network losses and outage durations while maintaining voltage stability with respect to climate-adjusted line failure rates.Furthermore,the integration of ESS enables effective peak shaving and valley filling,improving system efficiency and operational flexibility.These findings confirm that incorporating line vulnerability into DG and ESS planning provides a practical and scalable pathway for enhancing the resilience and economy of distribution networks.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of Southern Power Grid Guangxi Power Grid Co.,Ltd.(GXKJXM20222157).
摘要Ensuring reliability in distribution networks is essential under increasing operational and economic constraints.Traditional planning models rely on power flow calculations,leading to high computational costs and poor scalability.This study proposes a quantitative decomposition framework that establishes a direct linkage among reliability improvement measures,reliability parameters,and reliability indices,enabling fast and analytical reliability evaluation without power flow analysis.A bi-objective optimization model is developed to minimize both reliability indices(SAIDI)and investment costs,solved using Pareto-based multi-objective PSO combined with the TOPSIS method.Case studies on a 519-node distribution network demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves significant reliability improvement with superior computational efficiency,offering a practical and scalable tool for reliabilityoriented distribution planning.
摘要Theauthor proposes a dual layer source grid load storage collaborative planning model based on Benders decomposition to optimize the low-carbon and economic performance of the distribution network.The model plans the configuration of photovoltaic(3.8 MW),wind power(2.5 MW),energy storage(2.2 MWh),and SVC(1.2 Mvar)through interaction between upper and lower layers,and modifies lines 2–3,8–9,etc.to improve transmission capacity and voltage stability.The author uses normal distribution and Monte Carlo method to model load uncertainty,and combines Weibull distribution to describe wind speed characteristics.Compared to the traditional three-layer model(TLM),Benders decomposition-based two-layer model(BLBD)has a 58.1%reduction in convergence time(5.36 vs.12.78 h),a 51.1%reduction in iteration times(23 vs.47 times),a 8.07%reduction in total cost(12.436 vs.13.528 million yuan),and a 9.62%reduction in carbon emissions(12,456 vs.13,782 t).After optimization,the peak valley difference decreased from4.1 to 2.9MW,the renewable energy consumption rate reached 93.4%,and the energy storage efficiency was 87.6%.Themodel has been validated in the IEEE 33 node system,demonstrating its superiority in terms of economy,low-carbon,and reliability.
摘要In this paper,we consider the distributed online optimization problem on a time-varying network,where each agent on the network has its own time-varying objective function and the goal is to minimize the overall loss accumulated.Moreover,we focus on distributed algorithms which do not use gradient information and projection operators to improve the applicability and computational efficiency.By introducing the deterministic differences and the randomized differences to substitute the gradient information of the objective functions and removing the projection operator in the traditional algorithms,we design two kinds of gradient-free distributed online optimization algorithms without projection step,which can economize considerable computational resources as well as has less limitations on the applicability.We prove that both of two algorithms achieves consensus of the estimates and regrets of\(O\left(\log(T)ight)\)for local strongly convex objective,respectively.Finally,a simulation example is provided to verify the theoretical results.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(22393954 and 22078358)is gratefully acknowledged.
摘要Steam power systems(SPSs)in industrial parks are the typical utility systems for heat and electricity supply.In SPSs,electricity is generated by steam turbines,and steam is generally produced and supplied at multiple levels to serve the heat demands of consumers with different temperature grades,so that energy is utilized in cascade.While a large number of steam levels enhances energy utilization efficiency,it also tends to cause a complex steam pipeline network in the industrial park.In practice,a moderate number of steam levels is always adopted in SPSs,leading to temperature mismatches between heat supply and demand for some consumers.This study proposes a distributed steam turbine system(DSTS)consisting of main steam turbines on the energy supply side and auxiliary steam turbines on the energy consumption side,aiming to balance the heat production costs,the distance-related costs,and the electricity generation of SPSs in industrial parks.A mixed-integer nonlinear programming model is established for the optimization of SPSs,with the objective of minimizing the total annual cost(TAC).The optimal number of steam levels and the optimal configuration of DSTS for an industrial park can be determined by solving the model.A case study demonstrates that the TAC of the SPS is reduced by 220.6×103USD(2.21%)through the arrangement of auxiliary steam turbines.The sub-optimal number of steam levels and a non-optimal operating condition slightly increase the TAC by 0.46%and 0.28%,respectively.The sensitivity analysis indicates that the optimal number of steam levels tends to decrease from 3 to 2 as electricity price declines.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U24B20156)the National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China(No.JCKY2021204B051)the National Laboratory of Space Intelligent Control of China(Nos.HTKJ2023KL502005 and HTKJ2024KL502007)。
摘要A chance-constrained energy dispatch model based on the distributed stochastic model predictive control(DSMPC)approach for an islanded multi-microgrid system is proposed.An ambiguity set considering the inherent uncertainties of renewable energy sources(RESs)is constructed without requiring the full distribution knowledge of the uncertainties.The power balance chance constraint is reformulated within the framework of the distributionally robust optimization(DRO)approach.With the exchange of information and energy flow,each microgrid can achieve its local supply-demand balance.Furthermore,the closed-loop stability and recursive feasibility of the proposed algorithm are proved.The comparative results with other DSMPC methods show that a trade-off between robustness and economy can be achieved.
基金funded by a technology project from the State Grid Corporation of China under grant number JC2024122.
摘要With the deepening of the power system reform,an increasing number of microgrids are being integrated into the distribution network.In traditional centralized optimization algorithms,the optimal power flow model of the distribution network and the optimal scheduling model of microgrid clusters are directly coupled and solved simultaneously.This process involves extensive information exchange between the upper distribution network system and the lower microgrid clusters,which not only increases the communication burden but also prolongs computation time and raises computational complexity.Moreover,it requires excessive information sharing,making it difficult to achieve limited information exchange between the upper and lower systems.In this paper,an optimization model and solution method based on the analytical target cascading approach are proposed.First,a typical microgrid model is constructed.On this basis,a collaborative optimization model for the active distribution network(ADN)and microgrid clusters is established.The distribution network and the microgrid clusters are treated as a unified entity of interest,with their interconnection power represented as virtual generators and virtual loads to achieve decoupling.Finally,simulations based on the IEEE-33 node standard system are conducted.Compared with the centralized algorithm,the effectiveness of the analytical target cascading method in coordinating the distribution network and microgrid clusters is verified.The proposed approach reduces computational complexity and enables optimized operation with limited information exchange.
基金supported in part by the Research on Key Technologies for the Development of an Active Balancing Cooperative Control Systemfor Distribution Networks and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 521532240029,Grant 62303006.
摘要To address the high costs and operational instability of distribution networks caused by the large-scale integration of distributed energy resources(DERs)(such as photovoltaic(PV)systems,wind turbines(WT),and energy storage(ES)devices),and the increased grid load fluctuations and safety risks due to uncoordinated electric vehicles(EVs)charging,this paper proposes a novel dual-scale hierarchical collaborative optimization strategy.This strategy decouples system-level economic dispatch from distributed EV agent control,effectively solving the resource coordination conflicts arising from the high computational complexity,poor scalability of existing centralized optimization,or the reliance on local information decision-making in fully decentralized frameworks.At the lower level,an EV charging and discharging model with a hybrid discrete-continuous action space is established,and optimized using an improved Parameterized Deep Q-Network(PDQN)algorithm,which directly handles mode selection and power regulation while embedding physical constraints to ensure safety.At the upper level,microgrid(MG)operators adopt a dynamic pricing strategy optimized through Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)to maximize economic benefits and achieve peak-valley shaving.Simulation results show that the proposed strategy outperforms traditional methods,reducing the total operating cost of the MG by 21.6%,decreasing the peak-to-valley load difference by 33.7%,reducing the number of voltage limit violations by 88.9%,and lowering the average electricity cost for EV users by 15.2%.This method brings a win-win result for operators and users,providing a reliable and efficient scheduling solution for distribution networks with high renewable energy penetration rates.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Fund of the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province (22CXTD0029)
摘要In this paper,we consider the distributed optimal control of the three-dimensional Cahn-Hilliard-Brinkman system with a more general potential.We obtain the regularity results for the weak solution which are essential for an associated optimal control problem.We then show that the control-to-state operator is Frechet differentiable and we derive the first-order necessary optimality conditions in terms of a variational inequality involving the adjoint state variables.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3305900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62394343,62394345)+1 种基金Major Science and Technology Projects of Longmen Laboratory(NO.LMZDXM202206)Shanghai Rising-Star Program under Grant 24QA2706100.
摘要Considering the complexity of plant-wide optimization for large-scale industries, a distributed optimization framework to solve the profit optimization problem in ethylene whole process is proposed. To tackle the delays arising from the residence time for materials passing through production units during the process with guaranteed constraint satisfaction, an asynchronous distributed parameter projection algorithm with gradient tracking method is introduced. Besides, the heavy ball momentum and Nesterov momentum are incorporated into the proposed algorithm in order to achieve double acceleration properties. The experimental results show that the proposed asynchronous algorithm can achieve a faster convergence compared with the synchronous algorithm.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022ZD0120001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62233004,62273090,62073076)the Jiangsu Provincial Scientific Research Center of Applied Mathematics(BK20233002)
摘要This paper investigates a class of constrained distributed zeroth-order optimization(ZOO) problems over timevarying unbalanced graphs while ensuring privacy preservation among individual agents. Not taking into account recent progress and addressing these concerns separately, there remains a lack of solutions offering theoretical guarantees for both privacy protection and constrained ZOO over time-varying unbalanced graphs.We hereby propose a novel algorithm, termed the differential privacy(DP) distributed push-sum based zeroth-order constrained optimization algorithm(DP-ZOCOA). Operating over time-varying unbalanced graphs, DP-ZOCOA obviates the need for supplemental suboptimization problem computations, thereby reducing overhead in comparison to distributed primary-dual methods. DP-ZOCOA is specifically tailored to tackle constrained ZOO problems over time-varying unbalanced graphs,offering a guarantee of convergence to the optimal solution while robustly preserving privacy. Moreover, we provide rigorous proofs of convergence and privacy for DP-ZOCOA, underscoring its efficacy in attaining optimal convergence without constraints. To enhance its applicability, we incorporate DP-ZOCOA into the federated learning framework and formulate a decentralized zeroth-order constrained federated learning algorithm(ZOCOA-FL) to address challenges stemming from the timevarying imbalance of communication topology. Finally, the performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms are thoroughly evaluated through simulations on distributed least squares(DLS) and decentralized federated learning(DFL) tasks.
摘要This study presents a weighted-sum multi-criteria optimization framework using PSO for the optimal siting,sizing,and scenario-based operation of energy storage systems(ESSs)in renewable-integrated distribution networks.The proposed model concurrently addresses technical,economic,and reliability objectives—minimizing active power losses(PL),voltage deviation(VD),expected energy not supplied(EENS),and short-circuit level(SCL),while maximizing voltage sensitivity index(VSI)and power-loss sensitivity factor(PLSF).A Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm with weighted-sum scalarization is employed to solve this complex,nonlinear optimization problem and effectively balance the conflicting operational goals.The framework is validated using IEEE 69-bus and IEEE 118-bus test systems under varying load conditions(20%,50%,100%,and 150%)with time-dependent photovoltaic(PV)and wind turbine(WT)generation profiles.Results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves significant performance enhancements,reducing power losses by up to 54%,EENS by 88%,and operational cost by 22%while maintaining SCL values within protection limits.Furthermore,the inclusion of ESS units improves system reliability and voltage stability,ensuring smooth operation during load fluctuations and fault conditions.The findings confirm that the proposed weighted-sum multi-criteria optimization framework using PSO provides a scalable and protection-aware solution for integrating ESSs into renewable-rich distribution networks.It offers a robust planning and operational tool for next-generation smart grids,enabling a more efficient,resilient,and sustainable energy ecosystem.
基金supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)(grant number:IMSIU-DDRSP2503)。
摘要Optimal sizing and allocation of distributed generators(DGs)have become essential computational challenges in improving the performance,efficiency,and reliability of electrical distribution networks.Despite extensive research,existing approaches often face algorithmic limitations such as slow convergence,premature stagnation in local minima,or suboptimal accuracy in determining optimal DG placement and capacity.This study presents a comprehensive scientometric and systematic review of global research focused on computer-based modelling and algorithmic optimization for renewable DG sizing and placement.It integrates both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the scholarly landscape,mapping influential research domains,co-authorship structures,the articles’citation networks,keyword clusters,and international collaboration patterns.Moreover,the study classifies and evaluates the most prominent objective functions,key computational models and optimization algorithms,DG technologies,and strategic approaches employed in the field.The findings reveal that advanced algorithmic frameworks substantially enhance network stability,minimize real power losses,and improve voltage profiles under various operational constraints.This review serves as a foundational resource for researchers and practitioners,highlighting emerging algorithmic trends,modelling innovations,and data-driven methodologies that can guide future development of intelligent,optimization-based DG integration strategies in smart distribution systems.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFE0214000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62173308)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(LRG25F030002)Zhejiang Province Leading Geese Plan(2025C01056)Jinhua Science and Technology Project(2022-1-042)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20240009).
摘要Dear Editor,This letter addresses distributed optimization for resource allocation problems with time-varying objective functions and time-varying constraints.Inspired by the distributed average tracking(DAT)approach,a distributed control protocol is proposed for optimal resource allocation.The convergence to a time-varying optimal solution within a predefined time is proved.Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.