This paper solves the problem of model-free dual-arm space robot maneuvering after non-cooperative target capture under high control quality requirements.The explicit system model is unavailable,and the maneuvering mi...This paper solves the problem of model-free dual-arm space robot maneuvering after non-cooperative target capture under high control quality requirements.The explicit system model is unavailable,and the maneuvering mission is disturbed by the measurement noise and the target adversarial behavior.To address these problems,a model-free Combined Adaptive-length Datadriven Predictive Controller(CADPC)is proposed.It consists of a separated subsystem identification method and a combined predictive control strategy.The subsystem identification method is composed of an adaptive data length,thereby reducing sensitivity to undetermined measurement noises and disturbances.Based on the subsystem identification,the combined predictive controller is established,reducing calculating resource.The stability of the CADPC is rigorously proven using the Input-to-State Stable(ISS)theorem and the small-gain theorem.Simulations demonstrate that CADPC effectively handles the model-free space robot post operation in the presence of significant disturbances,state measurement noise,and control input errors.It achieves improved steady-state accuracy,reduced steady-state control consumption,and minimized control input chattering.展开更多
This study establishes a high-speed nano-positioning stage composed of a symmetrically driven structure with multiple parallel-bonded thin piezoelectric ceramic layers capable of performing micro-or nanoscale manipula...This study establishes a high-speed nano-positioning stage composed of a symmetrically driven structure with multiple parallel-bonded thin piezoelectric ceramic layers capable of performing micro-or nanoscale manipulations.Accordingly,a neural-network-based switching output regulation controller(NNSORC)was developed to compensate for the associated hysteresis nonlinearity.To address the challenges of slow floating-point computation speeds and low compilation efficiency,a closed-loop control system with a field-programmable gate array–central processing unit(FPGA–CPU)dual-layer data-processing framework was developed.A feedback linearization method was designed to linearize the hysteresis nonlinearity of the framework,resulting in a switching-tracking error system.With the assistance of Lyapunov theory and an average dwell time technique,sufficient conditions were derived to ensure the asymptotic stability of the NN-SORC governing closed-loop system using the switching reference signals often encountered in realistic micro-ano-scale detection and manufacturing processes.Finally,extensive comparative experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed NN-SORC scheme.展开更多
Formation Tracking(FT)control is aimed at handling cooperative tasks in Multi-A gent Systems(MASs)to achieve desired performance.In these tasks,the leader's input is generally nonzero and unknown to all followers,...Formation Tracking(FT)control is aimed at handling cooperative tasks in Multi-A gent Systems(MASs)to achieve desired performance.In these tasks,the leader's input is generally nonzero and unknown to all followers,i.e.,its trajectory can be arbitrary and non-repetitive.In this paper,the additive property of linear systems is exploited to develop a unified framework for FT tasks of MASs,consisting of Adaptive Observer-based Control(AOC)and Iterative Learning Control(ILC).An AOC controller is employed to guarantee a fixed-shape formation between the leader and followers during the whole process,which reserves the initial condition for ILC.And ILC is used to improve the FT performance of certain repetitive tasks(followers rotating around the leader)over the trials.This gives rise to a fully distributed algorithm working for a directed communication graph containing a spanning tree without requiring any eigenvalue information from the Laplacian matrix of the graph,which enables its application to MASs with a large number of agents.Comparison is made via a numerical simulation to show that the proposed combined AOC-ILC algorithm has less FT error than pure AOC(without ILC),which validates the feasibility and efficacy of this algorithm.展开更多
This paper first analyzes the impact of unilateral wing loss on aircraft dynamics and establishes a high-precision nonlinear model for such a damaged aircraft.To guarantee the safety of the damaged aircraft,an adjusta...This paper first analyzes the impact of unilateral wing loss on aircraft dynamics and establishes a high-precision nonlinear model for such a damaged aircraft.To guarantee the safety of the damaged aircraft,an adjustable predefined-time incremental fault-tolerant control scheme integrated with overload feedback and a predefined-time sliding mode observer is then proposed.The proposed control scheme guarantees that the damaged aircraft recovers to a stable state within the appropriate user-defined time.Importantly,the proposed adjustable predefined-time scheme effectively resolves the mismatch between recovery time and recovery dynamics of the damaged aircraft.Additionally,another key feature of the proposed control scheme is the capability to estimate the disturbance in the measurement of the angular acceleration,thereby avoiding the robustness degradation.Finally,theoretical analysis rigorously proves the predefined-time stability of the closed-loop system,and extensive real-time simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the developed fault-tolerant controller.展开更多
Steady speed control of agricultural machinery can improve operating quality and efficiency.To address the impact of farmland slope variations on the speed stability of unmanned operation agricultural machinery,a hybr...Steady speed control of agricultural machinery can improve operating quality and efficiency.To address the impact of farmland slope variations on the speed stability of unmanned operation agricultural machinery,a hybrid control method was proposed.This method included a hybrid controller composed of a slope-based controller and a proportional-integral-derivative(PID)controller.The speed of agricultural machinery was influenced by longitudinal forces,which were divided into two parts:one part was slope-related forces and conventional resistance,and the other was hard-to-estimate forces,such as sliding friction.For the first part,a slope-based controller was designed;for the second part,a PID controller was implemented.By combining these two controllers,the system can dynamically adjust the throttle opening and the brake master cylinder pressure,ensuring steady speed travel on sloping farmland.Simulation tests at a target speed of 7 km/h demonstrated that the proposed controller maintained a stable speed,achieving a root mean square error of 0.13 km/h and a mean absolute percentage error of 1.6%.Field tests on a practical experimental platform validated the method’s effectiveness,with results showing consistent control performance across varying slope conditions.The proposed controller demonstrated superior control performance.Experimental data verified that this method can achieve precise control of the agricultural machinery’s movement speed,meeting the stability requirements for agricultural operations.展开更多
The high-aspect-ratio wing,which is widely utilized in aircraft to achieve superior aerodynamic efficiency,frequently experiences large deformations such as bending and torsion during its service life.This work focuse...The high-aspect-ratio wing,which is widely utilized in aircraft to achieve superior aerodynamic efficiency,frequently experiences large deformations such as bending and torsion during its service life.This work focuses on the topology optimization of the high-aspect-ratio wing using multiple materials with bending and torsion controls considering geometric nonlinearity.A novel approach is proposed for achieving a spar-ribs material layout by independently controlling the directional maximum length scale of the void phase.The bending control based on the wing-tip nodal displacement and torsion control based on the deformation difference of the wing-tip nodes are proposed,respectively.Afterwards,the optimization formulations are given and the sensitivity analysis of the optimization responses is derived based on the increment of nodal displacement.The optimized results reveal that the spar-ribs structural layout is successfully attained through directional length scale control.Moreover,the optimized configurations with bending and torsion precisely controlled can be achieved.It also has been demonstrated that considering bending and torsion controls is highly profitable when assessing the trade-off between end compliance in wing optimization.展开更多
To address the finite-time tracking control problem for fractional-order nonlinear systems(FONSs) with actuator faults and external disturbance,a novel strategy of the finite-time adaptive fuzzy fault-tolerant control...To address the finite-time tracking control problem for fractional-order nonlinear systems(FONSs) with actuator faults and external disturbance,a novel strategy of the finite-time adaptive fuzzy fault-tolerant controller is presented in this paper by utilizing the finite-time stability theory and fractional-order dynamic surface control scheme combined with backstepping method.A new lemma is developed for analyzing the finite-time stability of FONSs in terms of fractional differential inequality,which modifies some existing results.Fuzzy logic systems are adopted to identify unknown nonlinear characteristics in FONS.In order to compensate for the influence of unknown external disturbance and estimation error for fuzzy logic systems,an auxiliary function is employed to estimate the upper bound of parameters online.Furthermore,a global coordinate transformation is first introduced initially to decouple the fractional-order dynamic system of a specific class of underactuated single-link flexible manipulator systems,thereby transforming it into lower triangular systems.Simulation analyses and experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of finite-time tracking control algorithm.展开更多
This paper studies the challenging collision-free planning and control problem for multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)with complex dynamics.A data-driven reinforcement learning framework is constructed to address ...This paper studies the challenging collision-free planning and control problem for multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)with complex dynamics.A data-driven reinforcement learning framework is constructed to address this challenge by combining the transformer-based learned dynamics and iterative Linear Quadratic Regulator(iLQR)optimization.First,each UAV employs an independent transformer network,Multi-Head Self-Attention(MHSA),and residual connections to model local dynamics from online collected data.This approach enables efficient Jacobian computations via parallelization by exploiting the inherent block-diagonal structure in the decoupled dynamics.Then,to avoid inter-UAV and UAV-obstacle collision in the cooperative flight,logarithmic barrier functions are incorporated into the cost function of iLQR.The block-diagonal approximation of the Hessian is employed to overcome the coupling induced by the barrier terms and preserve the computational tractability during the backward pass.Specifically,the proposed framework possesses robust collision avoidance capabilities in solving the multi-UAV planning and control problem.Finally,simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority in convergence speed and accuracy of the proposed framework.展开更多
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)are increasingly deployed in safety-critical missions that demand advanced control strategies capable of addressing nonlinear dynamics,stringent constraints,and uncertain environments.Mod...Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)are increasingly deployed in safety-critical missions that demand advanced control strategies capable of addressing nonlinear dynamics,stringent constraints,and uncertain environments.Model Predictive Control(MPC)has emerged as a powerful framework for these challenges,yet its finite-horizon nature requires additional stabilizing mechanisms to ensure reliable closed-loop performance.Among the existing stabilizing strategies,Lyapunov-based MPC has attracted significant attention for embedding explicit stability conditions into the optimization problem,providing a flexible and computationally efficient alternative to terminal-ingredient formulations.This paper provides a comprehensive survey of Lyapunovbased MPC for UAVs,examining its stabilizing mechanism and tracing its evolution from a theoretical tool to a practical framework.The survey classifies existing contributions according to control tasks,modeling fidelity,system architectures,stability assurance mechanisms,and validation strategies.Beyond a descriptive review,the survey critically analyzes fundamental limitations and deployment bottlenecks related to conservatism,assumptions,and real-time implementation.Finally,key research directions are outlined,focusing on reducing conservatism,improving scalability,enhancing robustness,and strengthening implementation-aware validation.These findings position Lyapunov-based MPC as a promising framework for next-generation UAV autonomy.展开更多
The increasing interconnection of modern industrial control systems(ICSs)with the Internet has enhanced operational efficiency,but alsomade these systemsmore vulnerable to cyberattacks.This heightened exposure has dri...The increasing interconnection of modern industrial control systems(ICSs)with the Internet has enhanced operational efficiency,but alsomade these systemsmore vulnerable to cyberattacks.This heightened exposure has driven a growing need for robust ICS security measures.Among the key defences,intrusion detection technology is critical in identifying threats to ICS networks.This paper provides an overview of the distinctive characteristics of ICS network security,highlighting standard attack methods.It then examines various intrusion detection methods,including those based on misuse detection,anomaly detection,machine learning,and specialised requirements.This paper concludes by exploring future directions for developing intrusion detection systems to advance research and ensure the continued security and reliability of ICS operations.展开更多
Single-time fertilization(STF)with controlled release blended fertilizer(CRBF)improves grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)in rice production.However,the impact of soil nitrogen(N)distribution and root growth ...Single-time fertilization(STF)with controlled release blended fertilizer(CRBF)improves grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)in rice production.However,the impact of soil nitrogen(N)distribution and root growth on rice yield and NUE under STF with CRBF remains unclear.Here,a two-year field experiment investigated the effects of two fertilizer types(normal urea(U)and CRBF)and two single-time fertilization methods(broadcast and side-deep fertilization)on the soil N distribution,plant N uptake,root characteristics,grain yield,and NUE.The results showed that CRBF under STF increased the averages of plant dry matter accumulation,N uptake,grain yield,nitrogen recovery efficiency(NRE),and nitrogen agronomic efficiency(NAE)by 8.29,21.85,10.57,79.28,and 74.8%compared to the other treatments,respectively.Side-deep fertilization with CRBF further increased NUE by 12.78%compared to broadcast.Moreover,CRBF under STF increased the leaf SPAD value and glutamine synthetase(GS)/glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase(GOGAT)activity by 5.93 and 25.58%,respectively.CRBF under STF increased the soil inorganic N concentration and showed a“rising early and stabilizing later”pattern.In addition,CRBF under STF improved rice root growth and increased the averages of root biomass,total root number,root average diameter,total root length,total root surface area,and total root volume by 28.30,28.56,18.64,13.38,35.26,and 37.06%,respectively,at the tillering and heading stages.Partial least squares path modeling indicated that CRBF under STF increased the soil inorganic N concentration which improved root morphology,thereby increasing N uptake and improving the rice yield and NUE.Taken together,our findings show that CRBF with single-time fertilization is the preferred N fertilizer strategy for achieving high yield and efficiency in rice,and that side-deep fertilization is the optimal fertilization method.展开更多
The demand for 238Pu (nuclear battery heat source) drives the separation of its precursor,237Np,from spent nuclear fuel (SNF).However,the co-existence of multi-valence states (Ⅳ/Ⅴ/Ⅵ) of Np and similar redox b...The demand for 238Pu (nuclear battery heat source) drives the separation of its precursor,237Np,from spent nuclear fuel (SNF).However,the co-existence of multi-valence states (Ⅳ/Ⅴ/Ⅵ) of Np and similar redox behavior with Pu(Ⅳ) hinder the effective separation of Np.N-Butyraldehyde (n-C3H7CHO) selectively reduces Np(Ⅵ) to Np(Ⅴ) without reducing Pu(Ⅳ).Herein,we examined the reduction mechanisms of Np(Ⅵ) and Pu(Ⅳ) by n-C3H7CHO using relativistic density functional theory.Based on the results of the potential energy profiles,the reductions of both Np(Ⅵ) and Pu(Ⅳ) by n-C3H7CHO are thermodynamically feasible,whereas only the former is kinetically achievable.It uncovers that n-C3H7CHO can only reduce Np(Ⅵ) to Np(Ⅴ) owing to kinetically controlled selective reduction.The analyses of spin density and bond distance indicate that the reduction nature for the first Np(Ⅵ)/Pu(Ⅳ) belongs to hydrogen atom transfer,whereas that for the second one involves outer-sphere electron transfer.Localized molecular orbitals (LMOs) analysis discloses the bonding evolution during the reduction process of Np(Ⅵ)/Pu(Ⅳ).This study elucidates the reason behind the kinetically controlled selective reduction of Np(Ⅵ)/Pu(Ⅳ) by nC3H7CHO at the molecular level and offers in-depth perspectives on the isolation of specific metal ions from the view of kinetic control.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter concerns the design of sliding mode control(SMC)for semi-Markov switching systems with time-varying transmission and impulse delay.The difficulties of this problem are:1)Time-varying transmissi...Dear Editor,This letter concerns the design of sliding mode control(SMC)for semi-Markov switching systems with time-varying transmission and impulse delay.The difficulties of this problem are:1)Time-varying transmission and impulse delay bring more nonlinear dynamic characteristics and lag effects;2)Semi-Markov mode switching introduces uncertainty;3)The reachable stage and sliding stage are affected by two types of impulses in the system,which increases the complexity of theoretical derivation.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter addresses the challenge of achieving robust global coordination in multi-agent systems(MASs)subject to heterogeneous actuator saturation and additive input disturbances.We develop a novel distr...Dear Editor,This letter addresses the challenge of achieving robust global coordination in multi-agent systems(MASs)subject to heterogeneous actuator saturation and additive input disturbances.We develop a novel distributed control framework that strategically integrates a redesigned saturation function to handle the nonlinear actuator constraint and a high-gain feedback mechanism for effective disturbance rejection.展开更多
Ethanol,a high-demand clean energy source,is primarily produced via fed-batch fermentation in industrial settings.Although our previous study identified an optimal glucose concentration of 30 g/L for maximal ethanol y...Ethanol,a high-demand clean energy source,is primarily produced via fed-batch fermentation in industrial settings.Although our previous study identified an optimal glucose concentration of 30 g/L for maximal ethanol yield,the mechanisms underlying glucose-dependent cellular adaptation remain unclear.Here,we performed an integrated multi-omics analysis,including transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,and fluxomics,to compare yeast cells under glucose-controlled and uncontrolled conditions.Our results indicate that high glucose stress triggers the regulation of transporters with different affinities and the upregulation of heat shock proteins(HSPs),trehalose,and amino acids.In contrast,protein turnover was reduced under glucose-controlled conditions,suggesting more efficient resource allocation.This metabolic reallocation enhances carbon flux through glycolysis,potentially providing additional energy and NADH to support biomass growth and ethanol production.These findings advance our understanding of yeast regulatory mechanisms under glucose stress and provide insights for metabolic engineering and process optimization.展开更多
Intervention strategies to control non-point source nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)pollution in agriculture are expensive and there is a trade-off between engineering cost and treatment effectiveness.Implementing strateg...Intervention strategies to control non-point source nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)pollution in agriculture are expensive and there is a trade-off between engineering cost and treatment effectiveness.Implementing strategies often result in unsatisfactory outcomes and massive engineering costs when managing diffusive pollution in agricultural catchments.To address this issue,this paper proposes a robust,handy,catchment N&P decision support system(CNPDSS),an Android-based smartphone system integrated with a web-based geographic information system(GIS).The CNPDSS aims to provide artificial intelligence-driven decisions that minimize N&P loadings and engineering costs for mitigating pollution in agricultural catchments.It consists of four components:a general user interface(GUI),GIS,N&P pollution modeling(NPPM),and a DSS.The CNPDSS simplifies the GUI and integrates GIS modules to create a user-friendly interface,enabling non-professional users to operate the system easily through intuitive actions.The NPPM uses straightforward empirical models to predict N&P loadings,enhancing efficiency by avoiding excessive parameters.Taking into account the N&P movement pathway in the catchment,the DSS incorporates three control measures:source reduction in farmland(before migration stage),process retention by ecological ditch(midway transport stage),and down-end purification by constructed wetland(waterbody discharge stage),to formulate a comprehensive ternary controlling strategy.To optimize the cost-effectiveness of any proposed N&P control strategies for sub-catchments,a differential evolution algorithm(DEA)is employed in CNPDSS to carry out a dual-objective decision-making optimization computation.In this study,the CNPDSS is applied to a case study in an agricultural catchment in Central China to develop the most cost-effective ternary N&P control strategies that ensure the catchment water quality within Criterion Ⅲ of the Chinese Surface Water Quality Standard GB3838-2002 is met(total N concentration≤1.0 mg L-1and total P concentration≤0.2 mg L-1).Our results demonstrate that the CNPDSS is feasible and also possesses an adaptive design and flexible architecture to enable its generalization and extension to support strong hands-on applications in other catchments.展开更多
Promoting the synergistic governance of pollution control(PC)and carbon reduction(CR)in the agricultural sector was an important way for the Chinese government to implement the“dual carbon”initiative and respond to ...Promoting the synergistic governance of pollution control(PC)and carbon reduction(CR)in the agricultural sector was an important way for the Chinese government to implement the“dual carbon”initiative and respond to climate change.Based on the data of China’s crop production from 31 provincial-level regions from 1997 to 2022,this paper constructs a framework consisting of spatiotemporal evolution,synergy effect measurement,differences in contributions across regions,and influencing factors analysis to reveal the relationship between agricultural PC and CR.The results showed that the annual growth rates of pollutant emissions and carbon emissions were 1.85%and 0.79%,respectively.However,the annual decline rates of their emission intensities were 3.14%and 4.32%,respectively.This indicated that China’s actions to reduce pollution and carbon emissions in agriculture have achieved good results,that the effect of PC was weaker than that of CR and had an obvious“policy node effect.”Simultaneously,the synergy between PC and CR evolved from“basic coordination”to“basic imbalance.”The contribution of inter-regional differences was relatively large,while intra-regional differences were smaller,highlighting the importance of reducing regional disparities in promoting the synergistic governance of PC and CR.The basic conditions,industrial structure,input intensity,and development potential of agricultural development were key factors in widening the coupling coordination gap between PC and CR,and the influence of these significant factors exhibited clear spatiotemporal heterogeneity.These findings have provided important evidence for understanding China’s agricultural environmental governance strategies and could offer experiential insights for developing countries in advancing the coordinated governance of agricultural PC and CR.展开更多
To uncover the decision-making mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics of multiple stakeholders in highway noise pollution control,a three-party evolutionary game model involving the government,operators,and the public i...To uncover the decision-making mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics of multiple stakeholders in highway noise pollution control,a three-party evolutionary game model involving the government,operators,and the public is constructed.The operation period is divided into different stages for differentiated analysis.A simulation analysis was performed on the Lituo sinking section of the Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Highway to assess the impact of variations in critical elements on the system.The results indicate that the Lituo sinking section of the Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Highway is currently in its early stage of development,with the corresponding strategies being active regulation,excessive emissions,and supervision.When the cost of the government’s active regulation decreases from 1×105 to 5×104 yuan,the system converges more rapidly toward the active regulation strategy.When the cost of the operator’s excessive emissions increases from 14.08×106 to 20.00×106 yuan,the system drives the operator toward the standardized emission strategy.In addition,when the cost of public supervision decreases from 15×104 to 5×104 yuan and the compensation paid by operators to the public increases from 1.288×106 to 2.576×106 yuan,the system converges more quickly toward the supervision strategy.The cost of the operator’s excessive emissions serves as the core decision variable for achieving the ideal equilibrium in the three-party game involving government active regulation,operator standardized emissions,and public supervision.展开更多
The dual alloy turbine disk can fully leverage the advantages of dissimilar materials and has broad application prospects.Multi-material topology optimization(MMTO)provides possibilities for its innovative design.Howe...The dual alloy turbine disk can fully leverage the advantages of dissimilar materials and has broad application prospects.Multi-material topology optimization(MMTO)provides possibilities for its innovative design.However,the coupling between multi-material design variables and centrifugal loads poses challenges,in-cluding insufficient stress prediction accuracy,ineffective stress control,and difficulties in optimization con-vergence.Therefore,a new MMTO method that considers accurate stress prediction and control under cen-trifugal loads is proposed herein.The core ideas are as follows.(1)Introducing the multi-material predicted density to reduce the number of gray elements,proposing a multi-material transition factor for flexible se-lection of stiffness matrix interpolation,and thus developing an innovative accurate multi-material stress prediction method.(2)By modifying the normalized global stress method and utilizing a fixed step size to update the multi-material global stress relaxation coefficient,the maximum stress of the design domain is effectively controlled.(3)Deriving the stress sensitivity of axisymmetric problems under the complex coupling of cen-trifugal loads and multi-material design variables to improve the optimization convergence of stresses.Then MMTO for a turbine disk is conducted using two popular alloys(GH4169 and K418B).The results show that the proposed MMTO method effectively controls maximum stress,fully utilizes the advantages of both alloys and achieves a novel dual-alloy turbine disk structure.展开更多
As a closed-loop learning control method,repetitive control has been widely used in a variety of areas from appliances to aviation.A repetitive control system features perfect reference tracking and disturbance reject...As a closed-loop learning control method,repetitive control has been widely used in a variety of areas from appliances to aviation.A repetitive control system features perfect reference tracking and disturbance rejection in the steady state for periodic signals with a fixed period.This characteristic is important not only for conventional technologies and conventional industries but also for advanced technologies and emerging industries.This paper first explains the concept of repetitive control from its original idea.Next,it describes the structure of a repetitive controller as an internal model and shows the respective points of continuous-and discrete-time repetitive control.It presents a categorized list of practical applications of repetitive control.Moreover,two concrete applications,namely the control of a robotic manipulator and a rotating system,demonstrate the validity of the method with experimental results.Several current studies in this field are also reviewed,and some challenges and future studies for repetitive control are provided.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12372045)the National Key Research and the Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFC2205900,2023YFC2205901)。
摘要This paper solves the problem of model-free dual-arm space robot maneuvering after non-cooperative target capture under high control quality requirements.The explicit system model is unavailable,and the maneuvering mission is disturbed by the measurement noise and the target adversarial behavior.To address these problems,a model-free Combined Adaptive-length Datadriven Predictive Controller(CADPC)is proposed.It consists of a separated subsystem identification method and a combined predictive control strategy.The subsystem identification method is composed of an adaptive data length,thereby reducing sensitivity to undetermined measurement noises and disturbances.Based on the subsystem identification,the combined predictive controller is established,reducing calculating resource.The stability of the CADPC is rigorously proven using the Input-to-State Stable(ISS)theorem and the small-gain theorem.Simulations demonstrate that CADPC effectively handles the model-free space robot post operation in the presence of significant disturbances,state measurement noise,and control input errors.It achieves improved steady-state accuracy,reduced steady-state control consumption,and minimized control input chattering.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022ZD0119601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52188102,62225306,and U2141235)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Research Foundation(2022B1515120069)。
摘要This study establishes a high-speed nano-positioning stage composed of a symmetrically driven structure with multiple parallel-bonded thin piezoelectric ceramic layers capable of performing micro-or nanoscale manipulations.Accordingly,a neural-network-based switching output regulation controller(NNSORC)was developed to compensate for the associated hysteresis nonlinearity.To address the challenges of slow floating-point computation speeds and low compilation efficiency,a closed-loop control system with a field-programmable gate array–central processing unit(FPGA–CPU)dual-layer data-processing framework was developed.A feedback linearization method was designed to linearize the hysteresis nonlinearity of the framework,resulting in a switching-tracking error system.With the assistance of Lyapunov theory and an average dwell time technique,sufficient conditions were derived to ensure the asymptotic stability of the NN-SORC governing closed-loop system using the switching reference signals often encountered in realistic micro-ano-scale detection and manufacturing processes.Finally,extensive comparative experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed NN-SORC scheme.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62103293 and 62388101)in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20210709)。
摘要Formation Tracking(FT)control is aimed at handling cooperative tasks in Multi-A gent Systems(MASs)to achieve desired performance.In these tasks,the leader's input is generally nonzero and unknown to all followers,i.e.,its trajectory can be arbitrary and non-repetitive.In this paper,the additive property of linear systems is exploited to develop a unified framework for FT tasks of MASs,consisting of Adaptive Observer-based Control(AOC)and Iterative Learning Control(ILC).An AOC controller is employed to guarantee a fixed-shape formation between the leader and followers during the whole process,which reserves the initial condition for ILC.And ILC is used to improve the FT performance of certain repetitive tasks(followers rotating around the leader)over the trials.This gives rise to a fully distributed algorithm working for a directed communication graph containing a spanning tree without requiring any eigenvalue information from the Laplacian matrix of the graph,which enables its application to MASs with a large number of agents.Comparison is made via a numerical simulation to show that the proposed combined AOC-ILC algorithm has less FT error than pure AOC(without ILC),which validates the feasibility and efficacy of this algorithm.
基金supported by the Research Centre of Unmanned Autonomous Systems(RCUAS)at PolyU,ChinaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)。
摘要This paper first analyzes the impact of unilateral wing loss on aircraft dynamics and establishes a high-precision nonlinear model for such a damaged aircraft.To guarantee the safety of the damaged aircraft,an adjustable predefined-time incremental fault-tolerant control scheme integrated with overload feedback and a predefined-time sliding mode observer is then proposed.The proposed control scheme guarantees that the damaged aircraft recovers to a stable state within the appropriate user-defined time.Importantly,the proposed adjustable predefined-time scheme effectively resolves the mismatch between recovery time and recovery dynamics of the damaged aircraft.Additionally,another key feature of the proposed control scheme is the capability to estimate the disturbance in the measurement of the angular acceleration,thereby avoiding the robustness degradation.Finally,theoretical analysis rigorously proves the predefined-time stability of the closed-loop system,and extensive real-time simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the developed fault-tolerant controller.
摘要Steady speed control of agricultural machinery can improve operating quality and efficiency.To address the impact of farmland slope variations on the speed stability of unmanned operation agricultural machinery,a hybrid control method was proposed.This method included a hybrid controller composed of a slope-based controller and a proportional-integral-derivative(PID)controller.The speed of agricultural machinery was influenced by longitudinal forces,which were divided into two parts:one part was slope-related forces and conventional resistance,and the other was hard-to-estimate forces,such as sliding friction.For the first part,a slope-based controller was designed;for the second part,a PID controller was implemented.By combining these two controllers,the system can dynamically adjust the throttle opening and the brake master cylinder pressure,ensuring steady speed travel on sloping farmland.Simulation tests at a target speed of 7 km/h demonstrated that the proposed controller maintained a stable speed,achieving a root mean square error of 0.13 km/h and a mean absolute percentage error of 1.6%.Field tests on a practical experimental platform validated the method’s effectiveness,with results showing consistent control performance across varying slope conditions.The proposed controller demonstrated superior control performance.Experimental data verified that this method can achieve precise control of the agricultural machinery’s movement speed,meeting the stability requirements for agricultural operations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12172294).
摘要The high-aspect-ratio wing,which is widely utilized in aircraft to achieve superior aerodynamic efficiency,frequently experiences large deformations such as bending and torsion during its service life.This work focuses on the topology optimization of the high-aspect-ratio wing using multiple materials with bending and torsion controls considering geometric nonlinearity.A novel approach is proposed for achieving a spar-ribs material layout by independently controlling the directional maximum length scale of the void phase.The bending control based on the wing-tip nodal displacement and torsion control based on the deformation difference of the wing-tip nodes are proposed,respectively.Afterwards,the optimization formulations are given and the sensitivity analysis of the optimization responses is derived based on the increment of nodal displacement.The optimized results reveal that the spar-ribs structural layout is successfully attained through directional length scale control.Moreover,the optimized configurations with bending and torsion precisely controlled can be achieved.It also has been demonstrated that considering bending and torsion controls is highly profitable when assessing the trade-off between end compliance in wing optimization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62403340,62303339)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2026NSFSC1518)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(CPSF)(2025T180940,2024M762208)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20231783)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain-Inspired Computing and Intelligent Chips(BCIC-24-K2)。
摘要To address the finite-time tracking control problem for fractional-order nonlinear systems(FONSs) with actuator faults and external disturbance,a novel strategy of the finite-time adaptive fuzzy fault-tolerant controller is presented in this paper by utilizing the finite-time stability theory and fractional-order dynamic surface control scheme combined with backstepping method.A new lemma is developed for analyzing the finite-time stability of FONSs in terms of fractional differential inequality,which modifies some existing results.Fuzzy logic systems are adopted to identify unknown nonlinear characteristics in FONS.In order to compensate for the influence of unknown external disturbance and estimation error for fuzzy logic systems,an auxiliary function is employed to estimate the upper bound of parameters online.Furthermore,a global coordinate transformation is first introduced initially to decouple the fractional-order dynamic system of a specific class of underactuated single-link flexible manipulator systems,thereby transforming it into lower triangular systems.Simulation analyses and experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of finite-time tracking control algorithm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62403052,62373055,and W2511069)。
摘要This paper studies the challenging collision-free planning and control problem for multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)with complex dynamics.A data-driven reinforcement learning framework is constructed to address this challenge by combining the transformer-based learned dynamics and iterative Linear Quadratic Regulator(iLQR)optimization.First,each UAV employs an independent transformer network,Multi-Head Self-Attention(MHSA),and residual connections to model local dynamics from online collected data.This approach enables efficient Jacobian computations via parallelization by exploiting the inherent block-diagonal structure in the decoupled dynamics.Then,to avoid inter-UAV and UAV-obstacle collision in the cooperative flight,logarithmic barrier functions are incorporated into the cost function of iLQR.The block-diagonal approximation of the Hessian is employed to overcome the coupling induced by the barrier terms and preserve the computational tractability during the backward pass.Specifically,the proposed framework possesses robust collision avoidance capabilities in solving the multi-UAV planning and control problem.Finally,simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority in convergence speed and accuracy of the proposed framework.
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)。
摘要Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)are increasingly deployed in safety-critical missions that demand advanced control strategies capable of addressing nonlinear dynamics,stringent constraints,and uncertain environments.Model Predictive Control(MPC)has emerged as a powerful framework for these challenges,yet its finite-horizon nature requires additional stabilizing mechanisms to ensure reliable closed-loop performance.Among the existing stabilizing strategies,Lyapunov-based MPC has attracted significant attention for embedding explicit stability conditions into the optimization problem,providing a flexible and computationally efficient alternative to terminal-ingredient formulations.This paper provides a comprehensive survey of Lyapunovbased MPC for UAVs,examining its stabilizing mechanism and tracing its evolution from a theoretical tool to a practical framework.The survey classifies existing contributions according to control tasks,modeling fidelity,system architectures,stability assurance mechanisms,and validation strategies.Beyond a descriptive review,the survey critically analyzes fundamental limitations and deployment bottlenecks related to conservatism,assumptions,and real-time implementation.Finally,key research directions are outlined,focusing on reducing conservatism,improving scalability,enhancing robustness,and strengthening implementation-aware validation.These findings position Lyapunov-based MPC as a promising framework for next-generation UAV autonomy.
摘要The increasing interconnection of modern industrial control systems(ICSs)with the Internet has enhanced operational efficiency,but alsomade these systemsmore vulnerable to cyberattacks.This heightened exposure has driven a growing need for robust ICS security measures.Among the key defences,intrusion detection technology is critical in identifying threats to ICS networks.This paper provides an overview of the distinctive characteristics of ICS network security,highlighting standard attack methods.It then examines various intrusion detection methods,including those based on misuse detection,anomaly detection,machine learning,and specialised requirements.This paper concludes by exploring future directions for developing intrusion detection systems to advance research and ensure the continued security and reliability of ICS operations.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2301300 and 2022YFD2301404-4)the Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City Project,China(SKJC-2023-02-004)。
摘要Single-time fertilization(STF)with controlled release blended fertilizer(CRBF)improves grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)in rice production.However,the impact of soil nitrogen(N)distribution and root growth on rice yield and NUE under STF with CRBF remains unclear.Here,a two-year field experiment investigated the effects of two fertilizer types(normal urea(U)and CRBF)and two single-time fertilization methods(broadcast and side-deep fertilization)on the soil N distribution,plant N uptake,root characteristics,grain yield,and NUE.The results showed that CRBF under STF increased the averages of plant dry matter accumulation,N uptake,grain yield,nitrogen recovery efficiency(NRE),and nitrogen agronomic efficiency(NAE)by 8.29,21.85,10.57,79.28,and 74.8%compared to the other treatments,respectively.Side-deep fertilization with CRBF further increased NUE by 12.78%compared to broadcast.Moreover,CRBF under STF increased the leaf SPAD value and glutamine synthetase(GS)/glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase(GOGAT)activity by 5.93 and 25.58%,respectively.CRBF under STF increased the soil inorganic N concentration and showed a“rising early and stabilizing later”pattern.In addition,CRBF under STF improved rice root growth and increased the averages of root biomass,total root number,root average diameter,total root length,total root surface area,and total root volume by 28.30,28.56,18.64,13.38,35.26,and 37.06%,respectively,at the tillering and heading stages.Partial least squares path modeling indicated that CRBF under STF increased the soil inorganic N concentration which improved root morphology,thereby increasing N uptake and improving the rice yield and NUE.Taken together,our findings show that CRBF with single-time fertilization is the preferred N fertilizer strategy for achieving high yield and efficiency in rice,and that side-deep fertilization is the optimal fertilization method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22376197,U2441225,22076188).
摘要The demand for 238Pu (nuclear battery heat source) drives the separation of its precursor,237Np,from spent nuclear fuel (SNF).However,the co-existence of multi-valence states (Ⅳ/Ⅴ/Ⅵ) of Np and similar redox behavior with Pu(Ⅳ) hinder the effective separation of Np.N-Butyraldehyde (n-C3H7CHO) selectively reduces Np(Ⅵ) to Np(Ⅴ) without reducing Pu(Ⅳ).Herein,we examined the reduction mechanisms of Np(Ⅵ) and Pu(Ⅳ) by n-C3H7CHO using relativistic density functional theory.Based on the results of the potential energy profiles,the reductions of both Np(Ⅵ) and Pu(Ⅳ) by n-C3H7CHO are thermodynamically feasible,whereas only the former is kinetically achievable.It uncovers that n-C3H7CHO can only reduce Np(Ⅵ) to Np(Ⅴ) owing to kinetically controlled selective reduction.The analyses of spin density and bond distance indicate that the reduction nature for the first Np(Ⅵ)/Pu(Ⅳ) belongs to hydrogen atom transfer,whereas that for the second one involves outer-sphere electron transfer.Localized molecular orbitals (LMOs) analysis discloses the bonding evolution during the reduction process of Np(Ⅵ)/Pu(Ⅳ).This study elucidates the reason behind the kinetically controlled selective reduction of Np(Ⅵ)/Pu(Ⅳ) by nC3H7CHO at the molecular level and offers in-depth perspectives on the isolation of specific metal ions from the view of kinetic control.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62236005,61936004)。
摘要Dear Editor,This letter concerns the design of sliding mode control(SMC)for semi-Markov switching systems with time-varying transmission and impulse delay.The difficulties of this problem are:1)Time-varying transmission and impulse delay bring more nonlinear dynamic characteristics and lag effects;2)Semi-Markov mode switching introduces uncertainty;3)The reachable stage and sliding stage are affected by two types of impulses in the system,which increases the complexity of theoretical derivation.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62522313,62473207,U25A20301)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2024SMECP03)。
摘要Dear Editor,This letter addresses the challenge of achieving robust global coordination in multi-agent systems(MASs)subject to heterogeneous actuator saturation and additive input disturbances.We develop a novel distributed control framework that strategically integrates a redesigned saturation function to handle the nonlinear actuator constraint and a high-gain feedback mechanism for effective disturbance rejection.
基金funded by the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(Grant no.tspn202408281)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant no.25ZR1402110)+1 种基金Shanghai Rising-Star Program(Grant no.21QA1402400)the Key R&D Program(Science and Technology Demonstration Project)of Shandong Province(Grant no.2022SFGC0104).
摘要Ethanol,a high-demand clean energy source,is primarily produced via fed-batch fermentation in industrial settings.Although our previous study identified an optimal glucose concentration of 30 g/L for maximal ethanol yield,the mechanisms underlying glucose-dependent cellular adaptation remain unclear.Here,we performed an integrated multi-omics analysis,including transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,and fluxomics,to compare yeast cells under glucose-controlled and uncontrolled conditions.Our results indicate that high glucose stress triggers the regulation of transporters with different affinities and the upregulation of heat shock proteins(HSPs),trehalose,and amino acids.In contrast,protein turnover was reduced under glucose-controlled conditions,suggesting more efficient resource allocation.This metabolic reallocation enhances carbon flux through glycolysis,potentially providing additional energy and NADH to support biomass growth and ethanol production.These findings advance our understanding of yeast regulatory mechanisms under glucose stress and provide insights for metabolic engineering and process optimization.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD1700104 and 2022YFE0209200-03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42161144002 and 41977156)+3 种基金the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation,China(2022GXNSFBA035625)the Guangxi Technology Base and Talent Subject,China(Guike AD22035927)the Shandong Key Research and Development Project,China(2022TZXD0045)the State Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences。
摘要Intervention strategies to control non-point source nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)pollution in agriculture are expensive and there is a trade-off between engineering cost and treatment effectiveness.Implementing strategies often result in unsatisfactory outcomes and massive engineering costs when managing diffusive pollution in agricultural catchments.To address this issue,this paper proposes a robust,handy,catchment N&P decision support system(CNPDSS),an Android-based smartphone system integrated with a web-based geographic information system(GIS).The CNPDSS aims to provide artificial intelligence-driven decisions that minimize N&P loadings and engineering costs for mitigating pollution in agricultural catchments.It consists of four components:a general user interface(GUI),GIS,N&P pollution modeling(NPPM),and a DSS.The CNPDSS simplifies the GUI and integrates GIS modules to create a user-friendly interface,enabling non-professional users to operate the system easily through intuitive actions.The NPPM uses straightforward empirical models to predict N&P loadings,enhancing efficiency by avoiding excessive parameters.Taking into account the N&P movement pathway in the catchment,the DSS incorporates three control measures:source reduction in farmland(before migration stage),process retention by ecological ditch(midway transport stage),and down-end purification by constructed wetland(waterbody discharge stage),to formulate a comprehensive ternary controlling strategy.To optimize the cost-effectiveness of any proposed N&P control strategies for sub-catchments,a differential evolution algorithm(DEA)is employed in CNPDSS to carry out a dual-objective decision-making optimization computation.In this study,the CNPDSS is applied to a case study in an agricultural catchment in Central China to develop the most cost-effective ternary N&P control strategies that ensure the catchment water quality within Criterion Ⅲ of the Chinese Surface Water Quality Standard GB3838-2002 is met(total N concentration≤1.0 mg L-1and total P concentration≤0.2 mg L-1).Our results demonstrate that the CNPDSS is feasible and also possesses an adaptive design and flexible architecture to enable its generalization and extension to support strong hands-on applications in other catchments.
基金National Social Science Fund of China,No.22BGL182。
摘要Promoting the synergistic governance of pollution control(PC)and carbon reduction(CR)in the agricultural sector was an important way for the Chinese government to implement the“dual carbon”initiative and respond to climate change.Based on the data of China’s crop production from 31 provincial-level regions from 1997 to 2022,this paper constructs a framework consisting of spatiotemporal evolution,synergy effect measurement,differences in contributions across regions,and influencing factors analysis to reveal the relationship between agricultural PC and CR.The results showed that the annual growth rates of pollutant emissions and carbon emissions were 1.85%and 0.79%,respectively.However,the annual decline rates of their emission intensities were 3.14%and 4.32%,respectively.This indicated that China’s actions to reduce pollution and carbon emissions in agriculture have achieved good results,that the effect of PC was weaker than that of CR and had an obvious“policy node effect.”Simultaneously,the synergy between PC and CR evolved from“basic coordination”to“basic imbalance.”The contribution of inter-regional differences was relatively large,while intra-regional differences were smaller,highlighting the importance of reducing regional disparities in promoting the synergistic governance of PC and CR.The basic conditions,industrial structure,input intensity,and development potential of agricultural development were key factors in widening the coupling coordination gap between PC and CR,and the influence of these significant factors exhibited clear spatiotemporal heterogeneity.These findings have provided important evidence for understanding China’s agricultural environmental governance strategies and could offer experiential insights for developing countries in advancing the coordinated governance of agricultural PC and CR.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.LH2023E011)Open Fund of National Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment in Changsha University of Science and Technology(No.kfj230105).
摘要To uncover the decision-making mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics of multiple stakeholders in highway noise pollution control,a three-party evolutionary game model involving the government,operators,and the public is constructed.The operation period is divided into different stages for differentiated analysis.A simulation analysis was performed on the Lituo sinking section of the Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Highway to assess the impact of variations in critical elements on the system.The results indicate that the Lituo sinking section of the Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Highway is currently in its early stage of development,with the corresponding strategies being active regulation,excessive emissions,and supervision.When the cost of the government’s active regulation decreases from 1×105 to 5×104 yuan,the system converges more rapidly toward the active regulation strategy.When the cost of the operator’s excessive emissions increases from 14.08×106 to 20.00×106 yuan,the system drives the operator toward the standardized emission strategy.In addition,when the cost of public supervision decreases from 15×104 to 5×104 yuan and the compensation paid by operators to the public increases from 1.288×106 to 2.576×106 yuan,the system converges more quickly toward the supervision strategy.The cost of the operator’s excessive emissions serves as the core decision variable for achieving the ideal equilibrium in the three-party game involving government active regulation,operator standardized emissions,and public supervision.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52475285,52305162)Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2025J09012)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant Nos.20720240062,20720240033)。
摘要The dual alloy turbine disk can fully leverage the advantages of dissimilar materials and has broad application prospects.Multi-material topology optimization(MMTO)provides possibilities for its innovative design.However,the coupling between multi-material design variables and centrifugal loads poses challenges,in-cluding insufficient stress prediction accuracy,ineffective stress control,and difficulties in optimization con-vergence.Therefore,a new MMTO method that considers accurate stress prediction and control under cen-trifugal loads is proposed herein.The core ideas are as follows.(1)Introducing the multi-material predicted density to reduce the number of gray elements,proposing a multi-material transition factor for flexible se-lection of stiffness matrix interpolation,and thus developing an innovative accurate multi-material stress prediction method.(2)By modifying the normalized global stress method and utilizing a fixed step size to update the multi-material global stress relaxation coefficient,the maximum stress of the design domain is effectively controlled.(3)Deriving the stress sensitivity of axisymmetric problems under the complex coupling of cen-trifugal loads and multi-material design variables to improve the optimization convergence of stresses.Then MMTO for a turbine disk is conducted using two popular alloys(GH4169 and K418B).The results show that the proposed MMTO method effectively controls maximum stress,fully utilizes the advantages of both alloys and achieves a novel dual-alloy turbine disk structure.
基金supported in part by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B)(23K25252,24K03325)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61873348)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(2020CFA031)。
摘要As a closed-loop learning control method,repetitive control has been widely used in a variety of areas from appliances to aviation.A repetitive control system features perfect reference tracking and disturbance rejection in the steady state for periodic signals with a fixed period.This characteristic is important not only for conventional technologies and conventional industries but also for advanced technologies and emerging industries.This paper first explains the concept of repetitive control from its original idea.Next,it describes the structure of a repetitive controller as an internal model and shows the respective points of continuous-and discrete-time repetitive control.It presents a categorized list of practical applications of repetitive control.Moreover,two concrete applications,namely the control of a robotic manipulator and a rotating system,demonstrate the validity of the method with experimental results.Several current studies in this field are also reviewed,and some challenges and future studies for repetitive control are provided.