Dynamic threat assessment and decision-making are crucial in airborne laser weapon combat,particularly in highly interactive System-of-Systems(So S)-oriented scenarios.This paper proposes a novel So S-oriented Dynamic...Dynamic threat assessment and decision-making are crucial in airborne laser weapon combat,particularly in highly interactive System-of-Systems(So S)-oriented scenarios.This paper proposes a novel So S-oriented Dynamic Three-Way Decision(So S-DTWD)algorithm developed through hierarchical agent-based modeling for airborne laser weapons against incoming missiles in sea combat.The algorithm aggregates dynamic intuitionistic fuzzy threat assessment with the VIKOR method(Multi-criteria Optimization and Compromise Solution)to derive conditional probabilities.A time-based loss function matrix and dynamic decision-making rules are constructed by integrating time series with three-way decision theory.Experimental results demonstrate that the So S-DTWD algorithm effectively transforms two-way ranking results into dynamic three-way classification,significantly improving combat effectiveness.Specifically,it increases aircraft survival rates by 12.05%-28.99%,enhances missile interception by 17.54%-44.39%,and improves laser weapon kill rates by 3%-5%.Moreover,the findings indicate that improving weapon and aircraft performance and enhancing cooperative tactics can contribute to higher survivability.The optimal results are achieved under low Radar Cross Section(RCS)and appropriate formation distance.This prototype system can evolve into a future real-time decision-making tool for cooperative laser weapon combat.展开更多
Spin-density(charge)separation,marked by distinct propagation velocities of spin and density excitations,epitomizes strong correlations,historically confined to one-dimensional(1D)systems.The recent experimental work ...Spin-density(charge)separation,marked by distinct propagation velocities of spin and density excitations,epitomizes strong correlations,historically confined to one-dimensional(1D)systems.The recent experimental work of Dhar et al(2025 Nature 64253),using a weakly interacting 3D Bose-Einstein condensate of 133Cs atoms confined in a 2D optical lattice to realize spin-density separation and demonstrate boson anyonization,motivates a deeper exploration into how dimensionality and interactions govern quantum correlations.In this work,we investigate this in two-component bosonic mixtures with finite-range interactions,probing 1D and 3D dynamics.Using path integral effective field theory within the one-loop approximation,we derive analytical expressions for zero-temperature ground-state energy and quantum depletion,seamlessly recovering contact interaction results in the contact limit.By crafting an effective action for decoupled density and spin modes,we compute dynamic structure factors(DSFs),revealing how finite-range interactions sculpt spin-density separation.A pivotal finding is the dimensionality-driven divergence in DSF peak dynamics:in 1D,peaks ascend to higher frequencies with increasing interaction strength,yielding sharp responses;in 3D,peaks descend to lower frequencies,with broader density wave profiles.These insights highlight dimensionality's critical role in collective excitations and provide a robust theoretical blueprint for probing interaction-driven quantum phenomena via Bragg spectroscopy,paving new pathways for the exploration of dimensionally tuned quantum correlations in ultracold quantum gases.展开更多
Singlet fission(SF)holds great promise for advancing optoelectron-ics,with ultrafast timescales and high exciton yield per absorbed photon.Despite extensive experimental and theoretical investigations,under-standing t...Singlet fission(SF)holds great promise for advancing optoelectron-ics,with ultrafast timescales and high exciton yield per absorbed photon.Despite extensive experimental and theoretical investigations,under-standing the nature of charge-trans-fer and triplet-pair states remains challenging.Our previous study on cyclopentadithiophene-based quinoidal-biradical resonance structures[Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys.25,29698(2023)]revealed their excellent tunability in chemical structure for SF.While the ultrafast dynamics in the excited state have not been fully explored,experimental data in-dicate a singlet excited state lifetime of approximately 2.1 ps.In our current study,we em-ploy excited-state dynamics simulations to theoretically investigate the formation of charge-transfer(CT)configuration during the SF process.Our simulations reveal correlated rotation-al angles of fluorenes,ranging from−40°to 60°,and detect primary charge transfer from the two fluorene moieties to the dithiophene fragment.Interestingly,the direction of charge transfer may alter within the simulation timeframe of hundreds of femtoseconds.Our theoret-ical simulations provide an informative reference for future design in SF.展开更多
In multi-orbital systems,the correlation strength is typically attributed to Coulomb interactions and Hund's couplings.However,this study demonstrates that on-site inter-orbital hybridization can also significant ...In multi-orbital systems,the correlation strength is typically attributed to Coulomb interactions and Hund's couplings.However,this study demonstrates that on-site inter-orbital hybridization can also significant influence the correlation strength of the system.We investigate the impact of on-site inter-orbital hybridization on the correlation strength of a two-orbital Hubbard model on a square lattice using the dynamical mean-field theory combined with Lanczos exact diagonalization.Our findings reveal a distinct Janus effect:on-site inter-orbital hybridization enhances correlation strength in the non-half-filled regime while suppresses it at half-filling.This dual role of on-site inter-orbital hybridization provides a fundamental mechanism for tuning the strength of correlations in multi-orbital systems.展开更多
A model for dynamic frictionless contact between a viscoelastic body and foundation is considered.The viscoelastic constitutive law is assumed to be nonlinear and the contact is modelled with the normal compliance con...A model for dynamic frictionless contact between a viscoelastic body and foundation is considered.The viscoelastic constitutive law is assumed to be nonlinear and the contact is modelled with the normal compliance condition.We obtain the well-posedness using nonlinear semigroup theory arguments.Moreover,the exponential stability result of the solution is shown by using the energy method to produce a suitable Lyapunov function.展开更多
To fully leverage structural health monitoring data for bridge condition assessment,this study proposes a comprehensive evaluation method that integrates static and dynamic indicators using monitoring data,and demonst...To fully leverage structural health monitoring data for bridge condition assessment,this study proposes a comprehensive evaluation method that integrates static and dynamic indicators using monitoring data,and demonstrates its feasibility through a short-term monitoring-based trend analysis on a newly built bridge.First,based on statistical principles,theWeibull distribution is employed to extract the dead-load component from static monitoring data.Building upon this,a static performance evaluationmethod is established by incorporating spatial uniformity and trend non-uniformity coefficients.Subsequently,spectral analysis is performed on the main girder acceleration data to extract fundamental frequency information and apply temperature correction,establishing a method for assessing the bridge’s dynamic performance.Finally,considering the nonlinear impact of single-indicator deterioration on overall bridge performance,variable weight theory is introduced to construct a static-dynamic integrated assessment model that accounts for indicator equilibrium.Using actual monitoring data from an arch bridge as an example,the bridge’s static,dynamic,and comprehensive scores in the second month after opening were 95.11,96.21,and 95.66,respectively.Over the following months,all scores remained around 94 points with a gradual decline,confirming the bridge’s good condition and the effectiveness of the proposed comprehensive assessment method for shortterm monitoring-based trend analysis.The findings indicate that minor fluctuations in evaluation scores stem from uncertainties in the assessment process,primarily related to traffic randomness,environmental effects,and residual data processing errors.This method enables unified dimensional quantification and trend tracking of a bridge’s static and dynamic performance without requiring bridge closure,providing a quantitative basis for performance comparison and maintenance decision-making during the service phase.展开更多
The evaluation of air combat decision-making has garnered significant attention due to its potential to effectively mitigate losses resulting from erroneous decisions.However,existing research primarily focuses on sta...The evaluation of air combat decision-making has garnered significant attention due to its potential to effectively mitigate losses resulting from erroneous decisions.However,existing research primarily focuses on static evaluation methods.Therefore,this paper proposes a dynamic multi-round decision evaluation method based on the characteristics of multi-round unmanned aerial vehicle air combat under opponent’s optimal strategy.In order to determine objective weights,an improved multi-attribute decision making method is proposed,which incorporates the proximity as a correction coefficient for evaluation indicators,utilizing the cosine similarity instead of Euclidean distance,and incorporating both actual and theoretical objective weights to prevent data mutations.Subsequently,the game theory is employed to reasonably adjust subjective and objective weights to obtain comprehensive weights.To address the issues related to the ambiguity and randomness during the evaluation process,a reverse cloud generator is utilized to determine the center of gravity of the cloud model using comprehensive weights while employing the weighted deviation degree for evaluating air combat decision-making effectiveness.By activating the cloud generator through the cloud model,the optimal strategies for each round of air combat are determined,thereby completing the dynamic evaluations for multi-round sequential decision-making processes.Finally,the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified through simulations.展开更多
The feasibility of using a problem-dependent method to solve systems of second order ODEs is corroborated by an eigen-based theory and a methodology to develop such a numerical method is constructed.The key steps of t...The feasibility of using a problem-dependent method to solve systems of second order ODEs is corroborated by an eigen-based theory and a methodology to develop such a numerical method is constructed.The key steps of this methodology are to decouple a system of ODEs of second order into a set of uncoupled ODEs of second order;next,an eigen-dependent method is proposed to approximate the solution of each uncoupled ODE of second order.It is vital to transform all eigen-dependent methods to a problem-dependent method to bypass an Eigen analysis.The development of an eigen-dependent method plays a key role in this methodology so that slow eigenmodes can be accurately integrated while there is no instability or excessive amplitude growth in fast eigenmodes.This can explain why a problem-dependent method can simultaneously combine the explicitness of each step and A-stability.Consequently,huge computational efforts can be saved for solving nonlinear stiff problems.A new family of problem-dependent methods is developed in this work so that the feasibility of the proposed methodology can be affirmed.It has almost the same performance as that of the HHT-αmethod.However,it can save more than 99.5%of CPU demand in approximating a solution for a system of 1000 nonlinear second order ODEs.展开更多
The behaviors of unsteady flow structures and corresponding hydrodynamics for a pitching hydrofoil are investigated numerically and theoretically in the present paper.The aims are to derive the total lift by finite-do...The behaviors of unsteady flow structures and corresponding hydrodynamics for a pitching hydrofoil are investigated numerically and theoretically in the present paper.The aims are to derive the total lift by finite-domain impulse theory for subcavitating flow(σ=8.0)and cavitating flow(σ=3.0),and to quantify the distinct impact of individual vortex structures on the transient lift to appreciate the interplay among cavitation,flow structures,and vortex dynamics.The motion of the hydrofoil is set to pitch up clockwise with an almost constant rate from 0°to 15°and then back to 0°,for the Reynolds number,7.5×105,and the frequency,0.2 Hz,respectively.The results reveal that the presence of cavities delays the migration of the laminar separation bubble(LSB)from the trailing edge(TE)to the leading edge(LE),consequently postponing the hysteresis in the inflection of lift coefficients.The eventual stall under the sub-cavitation regime is the result of LSB bursting.While the instabilities within the leading-edge LSB induce the convection of cavitation-dominated vortices under the cavitation regime instead.Having validated the lift coefficients on the hydrofoil through the finite-domain impulse theory using the standard force expression,the Lamb vector integral emerges as the main contribution to the generation of unsteady lift.Moreover,the typical vortices’contributions to the transient lift during dynamic stall are accurately quantified.The analysis indicates that the clockwise leading-edge vortex(−LEV)contributes positively,while the counterclockwise trailing-edge vortex(+TEV)contributes negatively.The negative influence becomes particularly pronounced after reaching the peak of total lift,as the shedding of the concentrated wake vortex precipitates a sharp decline due to a predominant negative lift contribution from the TEV region.Generally,the vortices’contribution is relatively modest in sub-cavitating flow,but it is notably more significant in the context of incipient cavitating flow.展开更多
The Dynamical Density Functional Theory(DDFT)algorithm,derived by associating classical Density Functional Theory(DFT)with the fundamental Smoluchowski dynamical equation,describes the evolution of inhomo-geneous flui...The Dynamical Density Functional Theory(DDFT)algorithm,derived by associating classical Density Functional Theory(DFT)with the fundamental Smoluchowski dynamical equation,describes the evolution of inhomo-geneous fluid density distributions over time.It plays a significant role in studying the evolution of density distributions over time in inhomogeneous systems.The Sunway Bluelight II supercomputer,as a new generation of China’s developed supercomputer,possesses powerful computational capabilities.Porting and optimizing industrial software on this platform holds significant importance.For the optimization of the DDFT algorithm,based on the Sunway Bluelight II supercomputer and the unique hardware architecture of the SW39000 processor,this work proposes three acceleration strategies to enhance computational efficiency and performance,including direct parallel optimization,local-memory constrained optimization for CPEs,and multi-core groups collaboration and communication optimization.This method combines the characteristics of the program’s algorithm with the unique hardware architecture of the Sunway Bluelight II supercomputer,optimizing the storage and transmission structures to achieve a closer integration of software and hardware.For the first time,this paper presents Sunway-Dynamical Density Functional Theory(SW-DDFT).Experimental results show that SW-DDFT achieves a speedup of 6.67 times within a single-core group compared to the original DDFT implementation,with six core groups(a total of 384 CPEs),the maximum speedup can reach 28.64 times,and parallel efficiency can reach 71%,demonstrating excellent acceleration performance.展开更多
We investigate the interplay between the pseudogap state and d-wave superconductivity in the two-dimensional doped Hubbard model by employing an eight-site cluster dynamical mean-field theory method.By tuning electron...We investigate the interplay between the pseudogap state and d-wave superconductivity in the two-dimensional doped Hubbard model by employing an eight-site cluster dynamical mean-field theory method.By tuning electron hopping parameters,the strong-coupling pseudogap in the two-dimensional Hubbard model can be either enhanced or suppressed in the doped Mott insulator regime.We find that in underdoped cases,the closing of pseudogap leads to a significant enhancement of superconductivity,indicating competition between the two in the underdoped regime.In contrast,at large dopings,suppressing the pseudogap is accompanied by a concurrent decrease in the superconducting transition temperature Tc,which can be attributed to a reduction in antiferromagnetic correlations behind both the pseudogap and superconductivity.We elucidate this evolving relationship between pseudogap and superconductivity across different doping regimes.展开更多
Urban road networks frequently operate in an oversaturated state during peak hours,where traditional traffic signal control strategies,predominantly grounded in the assumption of fully rational user behavior,fail to c...Urban road networks frequently operate in an oversaturated state during peak hours,where traditional traffic signal control strategies,predominantly grounded in the assumption of fully rational user behavior,fail to capture the bounded rationality inherent in drivers’route choice decisions under congestion.To address this gap,this paper proposed a novel integrated framework that couples evolutionary game theory(EGT)with dynamic signal control,leveraging the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram(MFD)for real-time feedback between network-wide traffic states and individual decision-making.Specifically,we model drivers within a control zone as a population choosing between two bounded-rational strategies:“waiting straight”versus“detouring”.A replicator dynamics model governs the evolution of strategy adoption,with payoffs dynamically modulated by the MFD to reflect congestion-dependent travel costs.This behavioral layer is embedded within a receding horizon control(RHC)architecture that optimizes green splits and cycle lengths in real time to minimize total zone-wide delay,solved via Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO).Extensive simulations were conducted on a 6×6 grid network in SUMO under high-demand conditions(network saturation,approx.0.92).Results demonstrate that the proposed method reduces average vehicle delay by 18.7%(from 142.8 s to 116.8 s),decreases queue spillback occurrences by 32.4%,and achieves convergence to an evolutionarily stable state(ESS)within 25 minutes,outperforming fixed-time,adaptive MAXBAND,and multi-agent deep reinforcement learning(MADDPG)baselines.This work establishes a closed-loop paradigm for behavior-aware,state-responsive traffic management in severely congested urban environments.展开更多
The structure of water and proton transfer under nanoscale confinement has garnered significant attention due to its crucial role in elucidating various phenomena across multiple scientific disciplines.However,there r...The structure of water and proton transfer under nanoscale confinement has garnered significant attention due to its crucial role in elucidating various phenomena across multiple scientific disciplines.However,there remains a lack of consensus on fundamental properties such as diffusion behavior and the nature of hydrogen bonding in confined environments.In this work,we investigated the influence of confinement on proton transfer in water confined within graphene sheets at various spacings by ab initio molecule dynamic and multiscale analysis with time evolution of structural properties,graph theory and persistent homology.We found that reducing the graphene interlayer distance while maintaining water density close to that of bulk water leads to a decrease in proton transfer frequency.In contrast,reducing the interlayer distance without maintaining bulk-like water density results in an increase in proton transfer frequency.This difference is mainly due to the confinement conditions:when density is unchanged,the hydrogen bond network remains similar with significant layering,while compressive stress that increases density leads to a more planar hydrogen bond network,promoting faster proton transfer.Our findings elucidate the complex relationship between confinement and proton transfer dynamics,with implications for understanding proton transport in confined environments,relevant to energy storage and material design.展开更多
Large-scale ice avalanches pose serious risks owing to their high speed and long travel distances,and their mobility is increased by ice melting owing to frictional heat.Most motion models for largescale ice avalanche...Large-scale ice avalanches pose serious risks owing to their high speed and long travel distances,and their mobility is increased by ice melting owing to frictional heat.Most motion models for largescale ice avalanches have been constructed for specific scenarios,neglecting the key effect of frictional ice melting on their mobility and having limited applicability.In this study,a two-dimensional model combining thermodynamic and dynamic properties was proposed.This model,based on depth-averaged and granular flow theories,considers the friction weakening process to simulate the dynamics of ice avalanches.The governing equations for motion and heat transfer were solved by employing the finite volume and the Crank-Nicolson methods.The numerical simulation results showed that the friction weakening caused by the thermal effect on the sliding surface significantly reduced the friction coefficient between the ice mass and its substrate,increasing the travel distance of ice avalanches.The initial ice content in the shear band affects the friction coefficient during the viscous and Coulomb friction stages.The higher the initial ice content in the shear band,the lower the viscous resistance during the frictional heatinginduced drag reduction stage,resulting in a longer sliding distance and larger coverage area.Notably,large-scale ice avalanches exhibit a"Volume Effect"similar to other mass movements such as landslides,debris flows,and rock avalanches.Ice avalanches with larger volumes exhibit greater mobility and coverage areas.The proposed model reveals the dynamic characteristics of large-scale ice avalanches under the effect of frictional heat and offers a valuable tool for dynamic analysis and supporting disaster risk reduction strategies.展开更多
Organic semiconductor materials have demonstrated extensive potential in the field of gas sensors due to the advantages including designable chemical structure,tunable physical and chemical properties.Through density ...Organic semiconductor materials have demonstrated extensive potential in the field of gas sensors due to the advantages including designable chemical structure,tunable physical and chemical properties.Through density functional theory(DFT)calculations,researchers can investigate gas sensing mechanisms,optimize,and predict the electronic structures and response characteristics of these materials,and thereby identify candidate materials with promising gas sensing applications for targeted design.This review concentrates on three primary applications of DFT technology in the realm of organic semiconductor-based gas sensors:(1)Investigating the sensing mechanisms by analyzing the interactions between gas molecules and sensing materials through DFT,(2)simulating the dynamic responses of gas molecules,which involves the behavior on the sensing interface using DFT combined with other computational methods to explore adsorption and diffusion processes,and(3)exploring and designing sensitive materials by employing DFT for screening and predicting chemical structures,thereby developing new sensing materials with exceptional performance.Furthermore,this review examines current research outcomes and anticipates the extensive application prospects of DFT technology in the domain of organic semiconductor-based gas sensors.These efforts are expected to provide valuable insights for further indepth exploration of DFT applications in sensor technology,thereby fostering significant advancements and innovations in the field.展开更多
Because the deployable structures are complex multi-loop structures and methods of derivation which lead to simpler kinematic and dynamic equations of motion are the subject of research effort, the kinematics and dyna...Because the deployable structures are complex multi-loop structures and methods of derivation which lead to simpler kinematic and dynamic equations of motion are the subject of research effort, the kinematics and dynamics of deployable structures with scissor-like-elements are presented based on screw theory and the principle of virtual work respectively. According to the geometric characteristic of the deployable structure examined, the basic structural unit is the common scissor-like-element(SLE). First, a spatial deployable structure, comprised of three SLEs, is defined, and the constraint topology graph is obtained. The equations of motion are then derived based on screw theory and the geometric nature of scissor elements. Second, to develop the dynamics of the whole deployable structure, the local coordinates of the SLEs and the Jacobian matrices of the center of mass of the deployable structure are derived. Then, the equivalent forces are assembled and added in the equations of motion based on the principle of virtual work. Finally, dynamic behavior and unfolded process of the deployable structure are simulated. Its figures of velocity, acceleration and input torque are obtained based on the simulate results. Screw theory not only provides an efficient solution formulation and theory guidance for complex multi-closed loop deployable structures, but also extends the method to solve dynamics of deployable structures. As an efficient mathematical tool, the simper equations of motion are derived based on screw theory.展开更多
The complexity of the kinematics and dynamics of a manipulator makes it necessary to simplify the modeling process.However,the traditional representations cannot achieve this because of the absence of coordinate invar...The complexity of the kinematics and dynamics of a manipulator makes it necessary to simplify the modeling process.However,the traditional representations cannot achieve this because of the absence of coordinate invariance.Therefore,the coordinate invariant method is an important research issue.First,the rigid-body acceleration,the time derivative of the twist,is proved to be a screw,and its physical meaning is explained.Based on the twist and the rigid-body acceleration,the acceleration of the end-effector is expressed as a linear-bilinear form,and the kinematics Hessian matrix of the manipulator(represented by Lie bracket)is deduced.Further,Newton-Euler's equation is rewritten as a linear-bilinear form,from which the dynamics Hessian matrix of a rigid body is obtained.The formulae and the dynamics Hessian matrix are proved to be coordinate invariant.Referring to the principle of virtual work,the dynamics Hessian matrix of the parallel manipulator is gotten and the detailed dynamic model is derived.An index of dynamical coupling based on dynamics Hessian matrix is presented.In the end,a foldable parallel manipulator is taken as an example to validate the deduced kinematics and dynamics formulae.The screw theory based method can simplify the kinematics and dynamics of a manipulator,also the corresponding dynamics Hessian matrix can be used to evaluate the dynamical coupling of a manipulator.展开更多
In order to increase the precision of flatness control, considering the principle and the measured data of rolling process essence, the theory-intelligent dynamic matrix model of flatness control is established by usi...In order to increase the precision of flatness control, considering the principle and the measured data of rolling process essence, the theory-intelligent dynamic matrix model of flatness control is established by using theory and in-telligent methods synthetically. The network model for rapidly calculating the theory effective matrix is established by the BP network optimized by the particle swarm algorithm. The network model for rapidly calculating the meas- urement effective matrix is established by the RBF network optimized by the cluster algorithm. The flatness control model can track the practical situation of roiling process by on-line selVlearning. The scheme for flatness control quantity calculation is established by combining the theory control matrix and the measurement control matrix. The simulation result indicates that the establishment of theory-intelligent dynamic matrix model of flatness control with stable control process and high precision supplies a new way and method for studying flatness on-line control model.展开更多
Social interaction with peer pressure is widely studied in social network analysis.Game theory can be utilized to model dynamic social interaction,and one class of game network models assumes that people’s decision p...Social interaction with peer pressure is widely studied in social network analysis.Game theory can be utilized to model dynamic social interaction,and one class of game network models assumes that people’s decision payoff functions hinge on individual covariates and the choices of their friends.However,peer pressure would be misidentified and induce a non-negligible bias when incomplete covariates are involved in the game model.For this reason,we develop a generalized constant peer effects model based on homogeneity structure in dynamic social networks.The new model can effectively avoid bias through homogeneity pursuit and can be applied to a wider range of scenarios.To estimate peer pressure in the model,we first present two algorithms based on the initialize expand merge method and the polynomial-time twostage method to estimate homogeneity parameters.Then we apply the nested pseudo-likelihood method and obtain consistent estimators of peer pressure.Simulation evaluations show that our proposed methodology can achieve desirable and effective results in terms of the community misclassification rate and parameter estimation error.We also illustrate the advantages of our model in the empirical analysis when compared with a benchmark model.展开更多
Delay aware routing is now widely used to provide efficient network transmission. However, for newly developing or developed mobile communication networks(MCN), only limited delay data can be obtained. In such a netwo...Delay aware routing is now widely used to provide efficient network transmission. However, for newly developing or developed mobile communication networks(MCN), only limited delay data can be obtained. In such a network, the delay is with epistemic uncertainty, which makes the traditional routing scheme based on deterministic theory or probability theory not applicable. Motivated by this problem, the MCN with epistemic uncertainty is first summarized as a dynamic uncertain network based on uncertainty theory, which is widely applied to model epistemic uncertainties. Then by modeling the uncertain end-toend delay, a new delay bounded routing scheme is proposed to find the path with the maximum belief degree that satisfies the delay threshold for the dynamic uncertain network. Finally, a lowEarth-orbit satellite communication network(LEO-SCN) is used as a case to verify the effectiveness of our routing scheme. It is first modeled as a dynamic uncertain network, and then the delay bounded paths with the maximum belief degree are computed and compared under different delay thresholds.展开更多
基金supported by the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.20240013053002)Chinese Flight Test Establishment(No.WD-2024-3-4)。
摘要Dynamic threat assessment and decision-making are crucial in airborne laser weapon combat,particularly in highly interactive System-of-Systems(So S)-oriented scenarios.This paper proposes a novel So S-oriented Dynamic Three-Way Decision(So S-DTWD)algorithm developed through hierarchical agent-based modeling for airborne laser weapons against incoming missiles in sea combat.The algorithm aggregates dynamic intuitionistic fuzzy threat assessment with the VIKOR method(Multi-criteria Optimization and Compromise Solution)to derive conditional probabilities.A time-based loss function matrix and dynamic decision-making rules are constructed by integrating time series with three-way decision theory.Experimental results demonstrate that the So S-DTWD algorithm effectively transforms two-way ranking results into dynamic three-way classification,significantly improving combat effectiveness.Specifically,it increases aircraft survival rates by 12.05%-28.99%,enhances missile interception by 17.54%-44.39%,and improves laser weapon kill rates by 3%-5%.Moreover,the findings indicate that improving weapon and aircraft performance and enhancing cooperative tactics can contribute to higher survivability.The optimal results are achieved under low Radar Cross Section(RCS)and appropriate formation distance.This prototype system can evolve into a future real-time decision-making tool for cooperative laser weapon combat.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12574301)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.LZ25A040004)。
摘要Spin-density(charge)separation,marked by distinct propagation velocities of spin and density excitations,epitomizes strong correlations,historically confined to one-dimensional(1D)systems.The recent experimental work of Dhar et al(2025 Nature 64253),using a weakly interacting 3D Bose-Einstein condensate of 133Cs atoms confined in a 2D optical lattice to realize spin-density separation and demonstrate boson anyonization,motivates a deeper exploration into how dimensionality and interactions govern quantum correlations.In this work,we investigate this in two-component bosonic mixtures with finite-range interactions,probing 1D and 3D dynamics.Using path integral effective field theory within the one-loop approximation,we derive analytical expressions for zero-temperature ground-state energy and quantum depletion,seamlessly recovering contact interaction results in the contact limit.By crafting an effective action for decoupled density and spin modes,we compute dynamic structure factors(DSFs),revealing how finite-range interactions sculpt spin-density separation.A pivotal finding is the dimensionality-driven divergence in DSF peak dynamics:in 1D,peaks ascend to higher frequencies with increasing interaction strength,yielding sharp responses;in 3D,peaks descend to lower frequencies,with broader density wave profiles.These insights highlight dimensionality's critical role in collective excitations and provide a robust theoretical blueprint for probing interaction-driven quantum phenomena via Bragg spectroscopy,paving new pathways for the exploration of dimensionally tuned quantum correlations in ultracold quantum gases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22173017)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.22511103900)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2232023A-02)。
摘要Singlet fission(SF)holds great promise for advancing optoelectron-ics,with ultrafast timescales and high exciton yield per absorbed photon.Despite extensive experimental and theoretical investigations,under-standing the nature of charge-trans-fer and triplet-pair states remains challenging.Our previous study on cyclopentadithiophene-based quinoidal-biradical resonance structures[Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys.25,29698(2023)]revealed their excellent tunability in chemical structure for SF.While the ultrafast dynamics in the excited state have not been fully explored,experimental data in-dicate a singlet excited state lifetime of approximately 2.1 ps.In our current study,we em-ploy excited-state dynamics simulations to theoretically investigate the formation of charge-transfer(CT)configuration during the SF process.Our simulations reveal correlated rotation-al angles of fluorenes,ranging from−40°to 60°,and detect primary charge transfer from the two fluorene moieties to the dithiophene fragment.Interestingly,the direction of charge transfer may alter within the simulation timeframe of hundreds of femtoseconds.Our theoret-ical simulations provide an informative reference for future design in SF.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12174327)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.ZR2023ZD09)。
摘要In multi-orbital systems,the correlation strength is typically attributed to Coulomb interactions and Hund's couplings.However,this study demonstrates that on-site inter-orbital hybridization can also significant influence the correlation strength of the system.We investigate the impact of on-site inter-orbital hybridization on the correlation strength of a two-orbital Hubbard model on a square lattice using the dynamical mean-field theory combined with Lanczos exact diagonalization.Our findings reveal a distinct Janus effect:on-site inter-orbital hybridization enhances correlation strength in the non-half-filled regime while suppresses it at half-filling.This dual role of on-site inter-orbital hybridization provides a fundamental mechanism for tuning the strength of correlations in multi-orbital systems.
摘要A model for dynamic frictionless contact between a viscoelastic body and foundation is considered.The viscoelastic constitutive law is assumed to be nonlinear and the contact is modelled with the normal compliance condition.We obtain the well-posedness using nonlinear semigroup theory arguments.Moreover,the exponential stability result of the solution is shown by using the energy method to produce a suitable Lyapunov function.
基金funded by the China Railway Corporation Limited(CREC)Science and Technology Research and Development Program,grant No.2025-Key-17the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant No.52308150.
摘要To fully leverage structural health monitoring data for bridge condition assessment,this study proposes a comprehensive evaluation method that integrates static and dynamic indicators using monitoring data,and demonstrates its feasibility through a short-term monitoring-based trend analysis on a newly built bridge.First,based on statistical principles,theWeibull distribution is employed to extract the dead-load component from static monitoring data.Building upon this,a static performance evaluationmethod is established by incorporating spatial uniformity and trend non-uniformity coefficients.Subsequently,spectral analysis is performed on the main girder acceleration data to extract fundamental frequency information and apply temperature correction,establishing a method for assessing the bridge’s dynamic performance.Finally,considering the nonlinear impact of single-indicator deterioration on overall bridge performance,variable weight theory is introduced to construct a static-dynamic integrated assessment model that accounts for indicator equilibrium.Using actual monitoring data from an arch bridge as an example,the bridge’s static,dynamic,and comprehensive scores in the second month after opening were 95.11,96.21,and 95.66,respectively.Over the following months,all scores remained around 94 points with a gradual decline,confirming the bridge’s good condition and the effectiveness of the proposed comprehensive assessment method for shortterm monitoring-based trend analysis.The findings indicate that minor fluctuations in evaluation scores stem from uncertainties in the assessment process,primarily related to traffic randomness,environmental effects,and residual data processing errors.This method enables unified dimensional quantification and trend tracking of a bridge’s static and dynamic performance without requiring bridge closure,providing a quantitative basis for performance comparison and maintenance decision-making during the service phase.
基金supported by the Major Projects for Science and Technology Innovation 2030(2018AAA0100805)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373187).
摘要The evaluation of air combat decision-making has garnered significant attention due to its potential to effectively mitigate losses resulting from erroneous decisions.However,existing research primarily focuses on static evaluation methods.Therefore,this paper proposes a dynamic multi-round decision evaluation method based on the characteristics of multi-round unmanned aerial vehicle air combat under opponent’s optimal strategy.In order to determine objective weights,an improved multi-attribute decision making method is proposed,which incorporates the proximity as a correction coefficient for evaluation indicators,utilizing the cosine similarity instead of Euclidean distance,and incorporating both actual and theoretical objective weights to prevent data mutations.Subsequently,the game theory is employed to reasonably adjust subjective and objective weights to obtain comprehensive weights.To address the issues related to the ambiguity and randomness during the evaluation process,a reverse cloud generator is utilized to determine the center of gravity of the cloud model using comprehensive weights while employing the weighted deviation degree for evaluating air combat decision-making effectiveness.By activating the cloud generator through the cloud model,the optimal strategies for each round of air combat are determined,thereby completing the dynamic evaluations for multi-round sequential decision-making processes.Finally,the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified through simulations.
摘要The feasibility of using a problem-dependent method to solve systems of second order ODEs is corroborated by an eigen-based theory and a methodology to develop such a numerical method is constructed.The key steps of this methodology are to decouple a system of ODEs of second order into a set of uncoupled ODEs of second order;next,an eigen-dependent method is proposed to approximate the solution of each uncoupled ODE of second order.It is vital to transform all eigen-dependent methods to a problem-dependent method to bypass an Eigen analysis.The development of an eigen-dependent method plays a key role in this methodology so that slow eigenmodes can be accurately integrated while there is no instability or excessive amplitude growth in fast eigenmodes.This can explain why a problem-dependent method can simultaneously combine the explicitness of each step and A-stability.Consequently,huge computational efforts can be saved for solving nonlinear stiff problems.A new family of problem-dependent methods is developed in this work so that the feasibility of the proposed methodology can be affirmed.It has almost the same performance as that of the HHT-αmethod.However,it can save more than 99.5%of CPU demand in approximating a solution for a system of 1000 nonlinear second order ODEs.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52279081,and 51839001).
摘要The behaviors of unsteady flow structures and corresponding hydrodynamics for a pitching hydrofoil are investigated numerically and theoretically in the present paper.The aims are to derive the total lift by finite-domain impulse theory for subcavitating flow(σ=8.0)and cavitating flow(σ=3.0),and to quantify the distinct impact of individual vortex structures on the transient lift to appreciate the interplay among cavitation,flow structures,and vortex dynamics.The motion of the hydrofoil is set to pitch up clockwise with an almost constant rate from 0°to 15°and then back to 0°,for the Reynolds number,7.5×105,and the frequency,0.2 Hz,respectively.The results reveal that the presence of cavities delays the migration of the laminar separation bubble(LSB)from the trailing edge(TE)to the leading edge(LE),consequently postponing the hysteresis in the inflection of lift coefficients.The eventual stall under the sub-cavitation regime is the result of LSB bursting.While the instabilities within the leading-edge LSB induce the convection of cavitation-dominated vortices under the cavitation regime instead.Having validated the lift coefficients on the hydrofoil through the finite-domain impulse theory using the standard force expression,the Lamb vector integral emerges as the main contribution to the generation of unsteady lift.Moreover,the typical vortices’contributions to the transient lift during dynamic stall are accurately quantified.The analysis indicates that the clockwise leading-edge vortex(−LEV)contributes positively,while the counterclockwise trailing-edge vortex(+TEV)contributes negatively.The negative influence becomes particularly pronounced after reaching the peak of total lift,as the shedding of the concentrated wake vortex precipitates a sharp decline due to a predominant negative lift contribution from the TEV region.Generally,the vortices’contribution is relatively modest in sub-cavitating flow,but it is notably more significant in the context of incipient cavitating flow.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2024YFE0210800National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62495062Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant L242017.
摘要The Dynamical Density Functional Theory(DDFT)algorithm,derived by associating classical Density Functional Theory(DFT)with the fundamental Smoluchowski dynamical equation,describes the evolution of inhomo-geneous fluid density distributions over time.It plays a significant role in studying the evolution of density distributions over time in inhomogeneous systems.The Sunway Bluelight II supercomputer,as a new generation of China’s developed supercomputer,possesses powerful computational capabilities.Porting and optimizing industrial software on this platform holds significant importance.For the optimization of the DDFT algorithm,based on the Sunway Bluelight II supercomputer and the unique hardware architecture of the SW39000 processor,this work proposes three acceleration strategies to enhance computational efficiency and performance,including direct parallel optimization,local-memory constrained optimization for CPEs,and multi-core groups collaboration and communication optimization.This method combines the characteristics of the program’s algorithm with the unique hardware architecture of the Sunway Bluelight II supercomputer,optimizing the storage and transmission structures to achieve a closer integration of software and hardware.For the first time,this paper presents Sunway-Dynamical Density Functional Theory(SW-DDFT).Experimental results show that SW-DDFT achieves a speedup of 6.67 times within a single-core group compared to the original DDFT implementation,with six core groups(a total of 384 CPEs),the maximum speedup can reach 28.64 times,and parallel efficiency can reach 71%,demonstrating excellent acceleration performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274472,12494594,12494591,and 92165204)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1402802)+2 种基金Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices(Grant No.2022B1212010008)Guangdong Fundamental Research Center for Magnetoelectric Physics(Grant No.2024B0303390001)Guangdong Provincial Quantum Science Strategic Initiative(Grant No.GDZX2401010)。
摘要We investigate the interplay between the pseudogap state and d-wave superconductivity in the two-dimensional doped Hubbard model by employing an eight-site cluster dynamical mean-field theory method.By tuning electron hopping parameters,the strong-coupling pseudogap in the two-dimensional Hubbard model can be either enhanced or suppressed in the doped Mott insulator regime.We find that in underdoped cases,the closing of pseudogap leads to a significant enhancement of superconductivity,indicating competition between the two in the underdoped regime.In contrast,at large dopings,suppressing the pseudogap is accompanied by a concurrent decrease in the superconducting transition temperature Tc,which can be attributed to a reduction in antiferromagnetic correlations behind both the pseudogap and superconductivity.We elucidate this evolving relationship between pseudogap and superconductivity across different doping regimes.
基金2024 University Research Project of the Guangzhou Municipal Education Bureau(Project No.:2024312155)。
摘要Urban road networks frequently operate in an oversaturated state during peak hours,where traditional traffic signal control strategies,predominantly grounded in the assumption of fully rational user behavior,fail to capture the bounded rationality inherent in drivers’route choice decisions under congestion.To address this gap,this paper proposed a novel integrated framework that couples evolutionary game theory(EGT)with dynamic signal control,leveraging the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram(MFD)for real-time feedback between network-wide traffic states and individual decision-making.Specifically,we model drivers within a control zone as a population choosing between two bounded-rational strategies:“waiting straight”versus“detouring”.A replicator dynamics model governs the evolution of strategy adoption,with payoffs dynamically modulated by the MFD to reflect congestion-dependent travel costs.This behavioral layer is embedded within a receding horizon control(RHC)architecture that optimizes green splits and cycle lengths in real time to minimize total zone-wide delay,solved via Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO).Extensive simulations were conducted on a 6×6 grid network in SUMO under high-demand conditions(network saturation,approx.0.92).Results demonstrate that the proposed method reduces average vehicle delay by 18.7%(from 142.8 s to 116.8 s),decreases queue spillback occurrences by 32.4%,and achieves convergence to an evolutionarily stable state(ESS)within 25 minutes,outperforming fixed-time,adaptive MAXBAND,and multi-agent deep reinforcement learning(MADDPG)baselines.This work establishes a closed-loop paradigm for behavior-aware,state-responsive traffic management in severely congested urban environments.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen,China(3502Z202472001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22402163,22021001,21925404,T2293692,and 22361132532).
摘要The structure of water and proton transfer under nanoscale confinement has garnered significant attention due to its crucial role in elucidating various phenomena across multiple scientific disciplines.However,there remains a lack of consensus on fundamental properties such as diffusion behavior and the nature of hydrogen bonding in confined environments.In this work,we investigated the influence of confinement on proton transfer in water confined within graphene sheets at various spacings by ab initio molecule dynamic and multiscale analysis with time evolution of structural properties,graph theory and persistent homology.We found that reducing the graphene interlayer distance while maintaining water density close to that of bulk water leads to a decrease in proton transfer frequency.In contrast,reducing the interlayer distance without maintaining bulk-like water density results in an increase in proton transfer frequency.This difference is mainly due to the confinement conditions:when density is unchanged,the hydrogen bond network remains similar with significant layering,while compressive stress that increases density leads to a more planar hydrogen bond network,promoting faster proton transfer.Our findings elucidate the complex relationship between confinement and proton transfer dynamics,with implications for understanding proton transport in confined environments,relevant to energy storage and material design.
基金supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)program of"Western Youth Scholar"(E2R2050050)。
摘要Large-scale ice avalanches pose serious risks owing to their high speed and long travel distances,and their mobility is increased by ice melting owing to frictional heat.Most motion models for largescale ice avalanches have been constructed for specific scenarios,neglecting the key effect of frictional ice melting on their mobility and having limited applicability.In this study,a two-dimensional model combining thermodynamic and dynamic properties was proposed.This model,based on depth-averaged and granular flow theories,considers the friction weakening process to simulate the dynamics of ice avalanches.The governing equations for motion and heat transfer were solved by employing the finite volume and the Crank-Nicolson methods.The numerical simulation results showed that the friction weakening caused by the thermal effect on the sliding surface significantly reduced the friction coefficient between the ice mass and its substrate,increasing the travel distance of ice avalanches.The initial ice content in the shear band affects the friction coefficient during the viscous and Coulomb friction stages.The higher the initial ice content in the shear band,the lower the viscous resistance during the frictional heatinginduced drag reduction stage,resulting in a longer sliding distance and larger coverage area.Notably,large-scale ice avalanches exhibit a"Volume Effect"similar to other mass movements such as landslides,debris flows,and rock avalanches.Ice avalanches with larger volumes exhibit greater mobility and coverage areas.The proposed model reveals the dynamic characteristics of large-scale ice avalanches under the effect of frictional heat and offers a valuable tool for dynamic analysis and supporting disaster risk reduction strategies.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92263109 and 61904188)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.22QA1410400)。
摘要Organic semiconductor materials have demonstrated extensive potential in the field of gas sensors due to the advantages including designable chemical structure,tunable physical and chemical properties.Through density functional theory(DFT)calculations,researchers can investigate gas sensing mechanisms,optimize,and predict the electronic structures and response characteristics of these materials,and thereby identify candidate materials with promising gas sensing applications for targeted design.This review concentrates on three primary applications of DFT technology in the realm of organic semiconductor-based gas sensors:(1)Investigating the sensing mechanisms by analyzing the interactions between gas molecules and sensing materials through DFT,(2)simulating the dynamic responses of gas molecules,which involves the behavior on the sensing interface using DFT combined with other computational methods to explore adsorption and diffusion processes,and(3)exploring and designing sensitive materials by employing DFT for screening and predicting chemical structures,thereby developing new sensing materials with exceptional performance.Furthermore,this review examines current research outcomes and anticipates the extensive application prospects of DFT technology in the domain of organic semiconductor-based gas sensors.These efforts are expected to provide valuable insights for further indepth exploration of DFT applications in sensor technology,thereby fostering significant advancements and innovations in the field.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51175422)
摘要Because the deployable structures are complex multi-loop structures and methods of derivation which lead to simpler kinematic and dynamic equations of motion are the subject of research effort, the kinematics and dynamics of deployable structures with scissor-like-elements are presented based on screw theory and the principle of virtual work respectively. According to the geometric characteristic of the deployable structure examined, the basic structural unit is the common scissor-like-element(SLE). First, a spatial deployable structure, comprised of three SLEs, is defined, and the constraint topology graph is obtained. The equations of motion are then derived based on screw theory and the geometric nature of scissor elements. Second, to develop the dynamics of the whole deployable structure, the local coordinates of the SLEs and the Jacobian matrices of the center of mass of the deployable structure are derived. Then, the equivalent forces are assembled and added in the equations of motion based on the principle of virtual work. Finally, dynamic behavior and unfolded process of the deployable structure are simulated. Its figures of velocity, acceleration and input torque are obtained based on the simulate results. Screw theory not only provides an efficient solution formulation and theory guidance for complex multi-closed loop deployable structures, but also extends the method to solve dynamics of deployable structures. As an efficient mathematical tool, the simper equations of motion are derived based on screw theory.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51375420,51105322)
摘要The complexity of the kinematics and dynamics of a manipulator makes it necessary to simplify the modeling process.However,the traditional representations cannot achieve this because of the absence of coordinate invariance.Therefore,the coordinate invariant method is an important research issue.First,the rigid-body acceleration,the time derivative of the twist,is proved to be a screw,and its physical meaning is explained.Based on the twist and the rigid-body acceleration,the acceleration of the end-effector is expressed as a linear-bilinear form,and the kinematics Hessian matrix of the manipulator(represented by Lie bracket)is deduced.Further,Newton-Euler's equation is rewritten as a linear-bilinear form,from which the dynamics Hessian matrix of a rigid body is obtained.The formulae and the dynamics Hessian matrix are proved to be coordinate invariant.Referring to the principle of virtual work,the dynamics Hessian matrix of the parallel manipulator is gotten and the detailed dynamic model is derived.An index of dynamical coupling based on dynamics Hessian matrix is presented.In the end,a foldable parallel manipulator is taken as an example to validate the deduced kinematics and dynamics formulae.The screw theory based method can simplify the kinematics and dynamics of a manipulator,also the corresponding dynamics Hessian matrix can be used to evaluate the dynamical coupling of a manipulator.
基金Item Sponsored by National High-Tech Research and Development Project of China(2009AA04Z143)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(E2006001038)Hebei Provincial Science and Technology Project of China(10212101D)
摘要In order to increase the precision of flatness control, considering the principle and the measured data of rolling process essence, the theory-intelligent dynamic matrix model of flatness control is established by using theory and in-telligent methods synthetically. The network model for rapidly calculating the theory effective matrix is established by the BP network optimized by the particle swarm algorithm. The network model for rapidly calculating the meas- urement effective matrix is established by the RBF network optimized by the cluster algorithm. The flatness control model can track the practical situation of roiling process by on-line selVlearning. The scheme for flatness control quantity calculation is established by combining the theory control matrix and the measurement control matrix. The simulation result indicates that the establishment of theory-intelligent dynamic matrix model of flatness control with stable control process and high precision supplies a new way and method for studying flatness on-line control model.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(71771201,72531009,71973001)the USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(FSSF-A-240202).
摘要Social interaction with peer pressure is widely studied in social network analysis.Game theory can be utilized to model dynamic social interaction,and one class of game network models assumes that people’s decision payoff functions hinge on individual covariates and the choices of their friends.However,peer pressure would be misidentified and induce a non-negligible bias when incomplete covariates are involved in the game model.For this reason,we develop a generalized constant peer effects model based on homogeneity structure in dynamic social networks.The new model can effectively avoid bias through homogeneity pursuit and can be applied to a wider range of scenarios.To estimate peer pressure in the model,we first present two algorithms based on the initialize expand merge method and the polynomial-time twostage method to estimate homogeneity parameters.Then we apply the nested pseudo-likelihood method and obtain consistent estimators of peer pressure.Simulation evaluations show that our proposed methodology can achieve desirable and effective results in terms of the community misclassification rate and parameter estimation error.We also illustrate the advantages of our model in the empirical analysis when compared with a benchmark model.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (61773044,62073009)National key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering(WDZC2019601A301)。
摘要Delay aware routing is now widely used to provide efficient network transmission. However, for newly developing or developed mobile communication networks(MCN), only limited delay data can be obtained. In such a network, the delay is with epistemic uncertainty, which makes the traditional routing scheme based on deterministic theory or probability theory not applicable. Motivated by this problem, the MCN with epistemic uncertainty is first summarized as a dynamic uncertain network based on uncertainty theory, which is widely applied to model epistemic uncertainties. Then by modeling the uncertain end-toend delay, a new delay bounded routing scheme is proposed to find the path with the maximum belief degree that satisfies the delay threshold for the dynamic uncertain network. Finally, a lowEarth-orbit satellite communication network(LEO-SCN) is used as a case to verify the effectiveness of our routing scheme. It is first modeled as a dynamic uncertain network, and then the delay bounded paths with the maximum belief degree are computed and compared under different delay thresholds.