The Balkhash Lake Basin(BLB),a vital Central Asian watershed,faces hydrological uncertainty under climate warming.This study integrated multi-source remote sensing data(Sentinel-1 snow depth,Randolph Glacier Inventory...The Balkhash Lake Basin(BLB),a vital Central Asian watershed,faces hydrological uncertainty under climate warming.This study integrated multi-source remote sensing data(Sentinel-1 snow depth,Randolph Glacier Inventory(RGI)v.7.0 glacier inventory,and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER)mass balance)with a degree-day model to reconstruct decadal snow and ice dynamics across 13 sub-basins and analyzed their hydrological impacts from 1950 to 2014.The results showed that:(1)while flows from the downstream river of the BLB decreased from 1950 to 1982 due to land surface changes,runoff increased significantly after 1982 in the Ili River(18.0%)and moderately increased in most rivers in the east(1.3%–8.3%),driven by increased precipitation and glacier melt.Runoff in the Ayaguz catchment(no glaciers with the highest climate warming)declined(10.5%);(2)climate warming reduced precipitation falling as snow caused snow melt water to decline(0.03–0.22 mm/a)across the BLB,leading to downward shifts in runoff and runoff coefficient,especially in the rivers in the east.However,snow melt during April–June positively correlated with runoff coefficient,contributing to an upward shift in the Ili River Basin;and(3)meltwater from glacierized areas(<5.0%of basin area)contributed to 14.3%of total ablation water.Net glacier melt provided substantial excess flows(11.6 m3/s in the Ili River and<1.0 m3/s in the rivers in the east),generally counterbalancing the negative effect of rising potential evaporation at decadal scales and positively correlating with the runoff coefficient.Therefore,water stress in the BLB may be more severe in the future due to the accelerating glacier melt after the abrupt increase in air temperature in 2000,the continuing decline in snow melt,and the significant inter-annual variations in precipitation.展开更多
Understanding the mechanisms of virus infection is pivotal for the effective prevention and treatment of viral diseases.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in real-time monitoring ...Understanding the mechanisms of virus infection is pivotal for the effective prevention and treatment of viral diseases.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in real-time monitoring of viral dynamics within established infection models.We begin by summarizing the recent progress in fluorescent probe and labeling techniques for real-time and in situ virus tracking.Next,we provide an in-depth analysis of the types and characteristics of virus infection models and discuss their respective advantages and limitations in virus tracking.Finally,we detail the recent progress in viral dynamics tracking across different infection models,illustrating how to use these models to monitor virus infection dynamics and discussing the meaningful biological information that can be acquired.展开更多
This paper introduces a novel fractional-order model based on the Caputo-Fabrizio(CF)derivative for analyzing computer virus propagation in networked environments.The model partitions the computer population into four...This paper introduces a novel fractional-order model based on the Caputo-Fabrizio(CF)derivative for analyzing computer virus propagation in networked environments.The model partitions the computer population into four compartments:susceptible,latently infected,breaking-out,and antivirus-capable systems.By employing the CF derivative—which uses a nonsingular exponential kernel—the framework effectively captures memory-dependent and nonlocal characteristics intrinsic to cyber systems,aspects inadequately represented by traditional integer-order models.Under Lipschitz continuity and boundedness assumptions,the existence and uniqueness of solutions are rigorously established via fixed-point theory.We develop a tailored two-step Adams-Bashforth numerical scheme for the CF framework and prove its second-order accuracy.Extensive numerical simulations across various fractional orders reveal that memory effects significantly influence virus transmission and control dynamics;smaller fractional orders produce more pronounced memory effects,delaying both infection spread and antivirus activation.Further theoretical analysis,including Hyers-Ulam stability and sensitivity assessments,reinforces the model’s robustness and identifies key parameters governing virus dynamics.The study also extends the framework to incorporate stochastic effects through a stochastic CF formulation.These results underscore fractional-order modeling as a powerful analytical tool for developing robust and effective cybersecurity strategies.展开更多
Dear Editor,Nonlinear dynamic system is difficult to model by traditional modeling methods,because of high nonlinearity and limited precision.Koopman operator,an effective technique,maps nonlinear dynamic systems to a...Dear Editor,Nonlinear dynamic system is difficult to model by traditional modeling methods,because of high nonlinearity and limited precision.Koopman operator,an effective technique,maps nonlinear dynamic systems to a higher-dimensional linear space,allowing complex nonlinear behavior to be described linearly.However,conventional Koopman-based approaches often suffer from computational complexity,this paper employs a deep neural network with random search to learn feature mappings and estimates the Koopman operator by subspace identification.Experimental results show the approach simplifies modeling and significantly improves modeling accuracy over traditional methods.展开更多
Multiple ballonets are arranged within the airship,each confined to an individual section by diaphragms.The gas-air interface within the ballonet sections induces sloshing,which subsequently influences the motion of t...Multiple ballonets are arranged within the airship,each confined to an individual section by diaphragms.The gas-air interface within the ballonet sections induces sloshing,which subsequently influences the motion of the airship.This paper presents an equivalent mechanical model for simulating gas sloshing in multiple ballonet sections to better understand this influence.Building on previous work,which employed a spring-mass-dashpot system to model sloshing in a tank and utilized the strip method to represent a horizontal cylinder by accumulating tank slices,this paper further introduces a frequency normalization process to enhance the cylinder model,thereby enabling the simplification of an individual section of the airship in which the ballonet is located.Based on these individual ballonet sections,a final multi-ballonet sloshing model is established,providing a quantitative understanding of the sloshing forces and moments under variations in airship layouts,ballonet numbers,and air filling levels.The sloshing behavior of the airship's multiballonet system is similar to that of a multi-compartment horizontal cylinder,showing limited sensitivity to the air filling level and an optimal number of ballonets,with 5 to 6 being ideal for airships like the YEZ-2A.This model facilitates the development of a motion-sloshing model,enabling airship designers to efficiently account for multi-ballonet gas sloshing effects during the initial design and control stages,contributing to more accurate airship motion modeling.展开更多
In this work,we integrated the multiple time step(MTS)approach with the generalized Born(GB)implicit solvent model for molecular dynamics(MD)simulations of protein systems.The total forces for the protein systems can ...In this work,we integrated the multiple time step(MTS)approach with the generalized Born(GB)implicit solvent model for molecular dynamics(MD)simulations of protein systems.The total forces for the protein systems can be decomposed into two terms:slow forces corresponding to the solvation energy term in GB,and fast forces relevant to potential energy in vacuum.An integrator with the reversible Trotter decomposition scheme,in which the former is determined each N steps and used for the next N1 steps,was performed on MD simulations of four protein systems with different secondary structures.It was observed that the results using MTS until N=4 are in good agreement with the reference simulations in which each force term is updated at each step.We further compared the performances of four widelyused GB models:STILL,HCT,OBC and GRYCUK,in the framework of GB-MTS.The influence of different Born radius calculation methods is usually more significant than that of the MTS approach.展开更多
Multi-scale modeling of polymer systems remains a fundamental challenge in materials sci-ence due to the strongly coupled structures and dynamics across atomic,mesoscopic,and macroscopic scales.Here,we present PyGAMD-...Multi-scale modeling of polymer systems remains a fundamental challenge in materials sci-ence due to the strongly coupled structures and dynamics across atomic,mesoscopic,and macroscopic scales.Here,we present PyGAMD-ChemFAST(Python GPU-accelerated molecular dynamics-chemical-friendly automated simulation toolkit),an integrated modeling and simulation framework that combines a molecular simulation platform with an automated modeling and processing toolkit.The framework supports bidirectional cross-scale modeling,integrating the mapping from all-atom(AA)to coarse-grained(CG)models in coarse-grain-ing and from CG back to AA in fine-graining,while automating the entire workflow from model parameterization through dynamics simulation to property analysis.It accommodates complex polymer topologies and ensures cross-scale force field compatibility.By unifying modeling and simulation in a programmable environment,PyGAMD-ChemFAST enhances computational efficiency and ensures parameter consistency,especially in studying phase sep-aration,glass transition,crystallization,and mechanical behavior.This integrated framework provides an efficient and reliable platform for high-throughput,multi-scale polymer research.展开更多
The dynamics of heart rhythms plays a pivotal role in physiological health,where chaotic behavior is often associated with pathological cardiac states.In this work,we investigate a fractional-order model of cardiac pa...The dynamics of heart rhythms plays a pivotal role in physiological health,where chaotic behavior is often associated with pathological cardiac states.In this work,we investigate a fractional-order model of cardiac pacemaker dynamics using incommensurate derivatives to capture the complex memory effects and non-local interactions inherent in biological systems.We demonstrate that slight variations in the fractional orders induce rich dynamics,including chaos and coexisting attractors,signifying transitions between normal and dysfunctional rhythms.Crucially,our model exhibits wider chaotic regions than classical integer-order counterparts when the incommensurate derivatives are perturbed.Furthermore,we reveal pronounced multistability,where distinct chaotic attractors coexist under identical parameters,reflecting the system's capacity for abrupt transitions between physiological and pathological states.These findings advance the mechanistic understanding of rhythm disorders and highlight the critical role of fractional calculus in modeling cardiac dynamics.展开更多
This paper investigates the capabilities of large language models(LLMs)to leverage,learn and create knowledge in solving computational fluid dynamics(CFD)problems through three categories of baseline problems.These ca...This paper investigates the capabilities of large language models(LLMs)to leverage,learn and create knowledge in solving computational fluid dynamics(CFD)problems through three categories of baseline problems.These categories include(1)conventional CFD problems that can be solved using existing numerical methods in LLMs,such as lid-driven cavity flow and the Sod shock tube problem;(2)problems that require new numerical methods beyond those available in LLMs,such as the recently developed Chien-physics-informed neural networks for singularly perturbed convection-diffusion equations;and(3)problems that cannot be solved using existing numerical methods in LLMs,such as the ill-conditioned Hilbert linear algebraic systems.The evaluations indicate that reasoning LLMs overall outperform non-reasoning models in four test cases.Reasoning LLMs show excellent performance for CFD problems according to the tailored prompts,but their current capability in autonomous knowledge exploration and creation needs to be enhanced.展开更多
The Variable Stator Vanes(VSV)system ensures the smooth operation of the highpressure compressor by adjusting the vane angles to prevent surge,and the dynamic behavior of its multistage vanes directly affects its serv...The Variable Stator Vanes(VSV)system ensures the smooth operation of the highpressure compressor by adjusting the vane angles to prevent surge,and the dynamic behavior of its multistage vanes directly affects its service performance.To investigate the dynamic behavior of the spatial VSV multi-vane mechanism,a positional constraint equation for the VSV mechanism was established,and the numerical expressions of the Jacobian matrices for different kinematic pair constraint equations were derived.The Lagrange multiplier method was modified for spatial rotation,and an ideal dynamic model of the spatial VSV multi-vane mechanism was developed.The computational results indicate that the dynamic behavior of different vanes within the same stage is similar,and the constraint moment experienced by vanes at different positions has a linear relationship with their centroid coordinates.This study expands the dynamic modeling methods for spatial mechanisms and provides a foundation for researching the frictional dynamic behavior of VSV mechanisms with clearance.展开更多
In recent years,there has been a surge of interest in air-ground collaborative robotics technologies.Our research group designs a novel combination-separation air-ground robot(CSAGR),which exhibits rapid automatic com...In recent years,there has been a surge of interest in air-ground collaborative robotics technologies.Our research group designs a novel combination-separation air-ground robot(CSAGR),which exhibits rapid automatic combination and separation capabilities.During the combination process,contact effects between robots,as well as between robots and the environment,are unavoidable.Therefore,it is essential to conduct detailed and accurate modeling and analysis of the collision impact intensity and transmission pathways within the robotic system to ensure the successful execution of the combination procedure.This paper addresses the intricate surface geometries and multi-point contact challenges present in the contact regions of dual robots by making appropriate modifications to the traditional continuous contact force model and applying equivalent processing techniques.The validity of the developed model is confirmed through comparisons with results obtained from finite element analysis(FEA),which demonstrates its high fidelity.Additionally,the impact of this model on control performance is analyzed within the flight control system,thereby further ensuring the successful completion of the combination process.This research represents a pioneering application and validation of continuous contact theory in the dynamics of collisions within dual robot systems.展开更多
The Near Space Hypersonic Vehicle(NSHV)features a unique design and propulsion system,achieving exceptional speed,range,and maneuverability,which challenge ground-based radars.Space-Based Radar(SBR)offers a breakthrou...The Near Space Hypersonic Vehicle(NSHV)features a unique design and propulsion system,achieving exceptional speed,range,and maneuverability,which challenge ground-based radars.Space-Based Radar(SBR)offers a breakthrough for tracking NSHV targets,with allweather operation and freedom from Earth's curvature,but faces complex coordinate transformations.Traditional models often overlook the NSHV's dynamic gliding trajectory,especially the impact of hidden control variables on maneuvering,causing mismatches during rapid motion changes.This paper proposes a refined tracking model unified in the ECEF coordinate frame,incorporating model parameters that implicitly encode control laws,and presents an ExpectationMaximization Multi-swarm Cooperative Particle Swarm Optimization(EM-MCPSO)framework for both NSHV tracking and model parameter estimation to address this problem.To minimize conversion errors,a transformation matrix directly represented by the state in the EarthCentered Earth-Fixed(ECEF)coordinate is derived.Then the hybrid aerodynamic acceleration coefficients are introduced to precisely describe the dynamic behaviors,formulating target tracking as a joint estimation problem of state and parameters within EM framework.Finally,a self-learning algorithm based on a master–slave structured PSO is proposed to solve the optimization of the conditional expectations of EM under strong nonlinearity,with a Proportional-Derivative(PD)controller accelerating convergence,and updating the population structure with historical data.Simulations of vertical gliding and horizontal maneuvers validate the algorithm's effectiveness.展开更多
The multi-scale modeling combined with the cohesive zone model(CZM)and the molecular dynamics(MD)method were preformed to simulate the crack propagation in NiTi shape memory alloys(SMAs).The metallographic microscope ...The multi-scale modeling combined with the cohesive zone model(CZM)and the molecular dynamics(MD)method were preformed to simulate the crack propagation in NiTi shape memory alloys(SMAs).The metallographic microscope and image processing technology were employed to achieve a quantitative grain size distribution of NiTi alloys so as to provide experimental data for molecular dynamics modeling at the atomic scale.Considering the size effect of molecular dynamics model on material properties,a reasonable modeling size was provided by taking into account three characteristic dimensions from the perspective of macro,meso,and micro scales according to the Buckinghamπtheorem.Then,the corresponding MD simulation on deformation and fracture behavior was investigated to derive a parameterized traction-separation(T-S)law,and then it was embedded into cohesive elements of finite element software.Thus,the crack propagation behavior in NiTi alloys was reproduced by the finite element method(FEM).The experimental results show that the predicted initiation fracture toughness is in good agreement with experimental data.In addition,it is found that the dynamics initiation fracture toughness increases with decreasing grain size and increasing loading velocity.展开更多
Axial piston pumps are widely used to supply the fluid power,but their significant vibration has become a growing concern.To address this issue,this paper presents a novel dynamic model for the axial piston pump and m...Axial piston pumps are widely used to supply the fluid power,but their significant vibration has become a growing concern.To address this issue,this paper presents a novel dynamic model for the axial piston pump and mitigates both flow fluctuation and mechanical vibration powers through a multi-objective optimization method.A Lumped-Parameter(LP)model is first introduced to describe dynamic behaviors of the entire pump assembly,and the Newmark-βmethod is adopted to calculate flow fluctuation and mechanical vibration powers.Experimental validation is conducted to ensure the accuracy of the proposed model.Using this validated model,a multiobjective optimization algorithm is employed to optimize the structural parameters of three representative valve plate types,aiming to simultaneously reduce flow fluctuation and mechanical vibrations.The optimization results demonstrate a significant reduction in the pump vibration power,as well as improvements in cavitation and pressure overshoot conditions.Among these optimized designs,the valve plate with hole-shaped damping grooves shows the lowest vibration power,while the valve plate with the triangular damping grooves achieves the lowest maximum piston chamber pressure.This study offers a promising approach for designing quieter axial piston pumps,which promotes the fluid power technology.展开更多
The poor room-temperature formability limits the widespread engineering application of magnesium alloy,necessitating hot deformation processes where damage evolution is critically influenced by microstructure.While th...The poor room-temperature formability limits the widespread engineering application of magnesium alloy,necessitating hot deformation processes where damage evolution is critically influenced by microstructure.While the present damage models overlook the specific roles of dynamic recrystallization(DRX)and twinning,which are pivotal in magnesium alloys.Given this limitation,this study developed a microstructure-related Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman(GTN)damage model for AZ31 alloy under high-temperature conditions.The model was calibrated based on uniaxial tension tests conducted at 300℃,which revealed that DRX suppresses void initiation and growth,whereas twinning promotes shear damage.The modified model was subsequently applied to simulate the wedging spinning process.Comparisons between simulations and experiments confirmed the model’s reliability in predicting deformation,microstructure distribution,and damage.The analysis revealed that during early stage of the process,the DRX fraction is higher near the inner and outer surfaces of the conical wall and lower in the middle layer,whereas the twin volume fraction follows the opposite trend.In the later stage,DRX occurs throughout the entire conical wall while twinning is nearly completely consumed.The study identifies shear damage,correlated with equivalent strain,as the primary damage mechanism,while void evolution is influenced by fluctuations in stress triaxiality.Furthermore,it was found that excessively small spinning thicknesses and large dip angles exacerbate the risk of inner surface cracking.This established model proves to be effective for predicting damage and optimizing process parameters in the hot spinning of AZ31 alloys.展开更多
The present study designs a dynamic centrifugal model test to simulate water-free and water-covered free-field sites with the objective of identifying the main characteristics of seismic motion at sea and evaluating h...The present study designs a dynamic centrifugal model test to simulate water-free and water-covered free-field sites with the objective of identifying the main characteristics of seismic motion at sea and evaluating how overlying seawater affects the spatial coherence between any two points during an earthquake.The acceleration time history at various subsurface depths was recorded in response to El Centro seismic waves that were used as input.The coherence function between each point is obtained using a multi-dimensional autoregressive(AR)model.The results show that coherence generally increases with the input acceleration magnitude.The coherence function exhibits a general diminishing tendency with increasing distance.The effect of overlying water weight and the interaction between the water and the soil play an important role in ground motion response.Overall,coherence in the water-covered site is found to be lower than in the water-free site under the same working condition.展开更多
With the rapid development of electric vehicles and grid-scale renewable integration,the demand for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has significantly increased with high expectations on enhanced energy density,cycle stabil...With the rapid development of electric vehicles and grid-scale renewable integration,the demand for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has significantly increased with high expectations on enhanced energy density,cycle stability,and failure resilience.Electrochemical models(EMs),serving as pivotal mechanismdriven analytical frameworks in battery research and applications,demonstrate unprecedented quantitative fidelity in characterizing intricate multi-physics dynamics for the next-generation battery management systems(BMS).The breakthrough innovations in artificial intelligence(AI)driven methods have revolutionized the dynamic modeling of LIBs.However,the deployment of AI-augmented EMs in BMS faces significant identifiability challenges due to strong parameter coupling.In addition,research on model simplification,parameter determination,and dynamic parameter identification remains largely fragmented.There is a lack of a comprehensive review to pave the way for the cross-domain innovations in BMS.To fill this gap,this paper presents a systematic review of the EMs for LIBs and examines the advancements in parameter determination techniques from both experimental measurement and numerical simulation perspectives.Besides,a comprehensive assessment of the progress in parameter identification from the standpoint of dynamic recognition is presented,encompassing both modelbased approaches and intelligent methods.Additionally,from the BMS standpoint,the strengths and limitations of existing approaches are evaluated.Finally,a coordinated framework for multi-stage identification needs to be established in the future.The potential of digital twins(DT),deep reinforcement learning(DRL),and large language models(LLMs)in enhancing EMs also warrants further exploration.The purpose of this work is to provide insights and guidance for the future development of EMs in LIB applications.展开更多
Constructing a neuromorphic electromechanical system based on a flexible memristor is of great significance for the development of biomimetic electrical-mechanical transverters.A bioinspired electromechanical system c...Constructing a neuromorphic electromechanical system based on a flexible memristor is of great significance for the development of biomimetic electrical-mechanical transverters.A bioinspired electromechanical system can perform real-time energy-efficient processing of multimodal signals,including electrical activities and mechanical motions.Here,we propose a bioinspired electromechanical system composed of a two-disc dynamo driven by a dual integrate-and-fire neuron.A memristive system exists in the bioinspired electromechanical system,as observed in the current-voltage relationship.The neuromorphic electromechanical model can exhibit a multiscroll hidden attractor by adjusting a controllable parameter.Complex chaotic behaviors have been demonstrated by numerical simulations,including two-parameter bifurcation,Lyapunov exponents,and phase diagrams.Finally,the applicability of a chaotic encryption scheme is successfully implemented on a neuromorphic electromechanical system.展开更多
This work presents a methodology for modelling multibody systems with contact/impact events,considering angular inertia and energy dissipation,using a spinning top in contact with a flat surface as a case study.This s...This work presents a methodology for modelling multibody systems with contact/impact events,considering angular inertia and energy dissipation,using a spinning top in contact with a flat surface as a case study.This specific application is chosen due to its requirement for an extremely precise characterization of the contact interaction to ensure consistent results.The modelling process is carried out using smooth contact methods,incorporating the Hertz and Flores models for the normal force,and the Ambr´osio and Gonthier models for tangential friction.To propose this methodology,an analysis and comparison of different models of normal and tangential forces will be performed,aiming to identify their differences and determine which are more appropriate for the system under study.Additionally,the impact of a variable restitution coefficient solution proposed by Ma et al.on the system’s dynamics is evaluated.This model,which was developed and tested by a finite element method tool and experiments,is now integrated within the context of a multibody dynamics model.The analysis addresses the effect of contact modelling on the evolution of the motion and the stability of the top.The results show that models with dissipation accelerate the cessation of rebounds and generate tighter trajectories,while models without dissipation produce prolonged oscillations and wider trajectories.Moreover,the impact of model selection on computational cost is discussed.展开更多
The complex interactions between abrasives and workpieces across both spatial and temporal dimensions,the difficulty in quantitatively characterizing material removal under ductile-brittle coexistence,and the uncertai...The complex interactions between abrasives and workpieces across both spatial and temporal dimensions,the difficulty in quantitatively characterizing material removal under ductile-brittle coexistence,and the uncertainty in the material removal behaviors associated with internal defects pose significant challenges in dynamic force modeling involved in grinding of hard and brittle solids.To resolve the above issues,a theoretical model of the dynamic grinding force involved in the grinding of B4C ceramics was developed by comprehensively considering the time evolution,strain rate effect,random abrasive distribution,multi-abrasive coupling effect,material removal behavior under ductile-brittle coexistence,plastic pile-up,and defect distribution.The simulation results of the model demonstrated a strong correlation with the experimental findings,with an average error of less than 10%.This model elucidated the comprehensive influence of multi-abrasive coupling in the spatial dimension and material damage accumulation in the temporal dimension on the evolution behaviors of grinding forces,thereby enabling the simultaneous capture of both the time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics of grinding force signals.A systematic analysis of the waveform features and spectral components enabled the clear characterization of transient dynamic responses during the grinding process,thereby facilitating the identification of material removal modes.The findings demonstrated that B4C ceramics were characterized by high-frequency force signals originating from brittle fractures,with a concomitant reduction in grinding force observed as the size and density of internal defects increased.This study not only enhances the understanding of the mechanisms underlying multi-abrasive interactions and their influence on material removal behaviors but also quantitatively characterizes the effects of grinding parameters and the distribution of defects on grinding forces,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for optimizing the grinding processes of hard and brittle materials.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2003202,42071054)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province,China(20223BBG74003)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology(NIGLAS2022GS09).
摘要The Balkhash Lake Basin(BLB),a vital Central Asian watershed,faces hydrological uncertainty under climate warming.This study integrated multi-source remote sensing data(Sentinel-1 snow depth,Randolph Glacier Inventory(RGI)v.7.0 glacier inventory,and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER)mass balance)with a degree-day model to reconstruct decadal snow and ice dynamics across 13 sub-basins and analyzed their hydrological impacts from 1950 to 2014.The results showed that:(1)while flows from the downstream river of the BLB decreased from 1950 to 1982 due to land surface changes,runoff increased significantly after 1982 in the Ili River(18.0%)and moderately increased in most rivers in the east(1.3%–8.3%),driven by increased precipitation and glacier melt.Runoff in the Ayaguz catchment(no glaciers with the highest climate warming)declined(10.5%);(2)climate warming reduced precipitation falling as snow caused snow melt water to decline(0.03–0.22 mm/a)across the BLB,leading to downward shifts in runoff and runoff coefficient,especially in the rivers in the east.However,snow melt during April–June positively correlated with runoff coefficient,contributing to an upward shift in the Ili River Basin;and(3)meltwater from glacierized areas(<5.0%of basin area)contributed to 14.3%of total ablation water.Net glacier melt provided substantial excess flows(11.6 m3/s in the Ili River and<1.0 m3/s in the rivers in the east),generally counterbalancing the negative effect of rising potential evaporation at decadal scales and positively correlating with the runoff coefficient.Therefore,water stress in the BLB may be more severe in the future due to the accelerating glacier melt after the abrupt increase in air temperature in 2000,the continuing decline in snow melt,and the significant inter-annual variations in precipitation.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22274011)Hebei Natural Science Foundation(No.B2024105013)+3 种基金Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars(No.2020-2024)Beijing Natural Science Foundation Proposed Program(No.L242138)Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(No.CFH 2024-1-4052)National Health Commission Clinical Research Projects for Innovative Drugs(No.WKZX2023CX210007)。
摘要Understanding the mechanisms of virus infection is pivotal for the effective prevention and treatment of viral diseases.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in real-time monitoring of viral dynamics within established infection models.We begin by summarizing the recent progress in fluorescent probe and labeling techniques for real-time and in situ virus tracking.Next,we provide an in-depth analysis of the types and characteristics of virus infection models and discuss their respective advantages and limitations in virus tracking.Finally,we detail the recent progress in viral dynamics tracking across different infection models,illustrating how to use these models to monitor virus infection dynamics and discussing the meaningful biological information that can be acquired.
基金supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)(grant number IMSIU-DDRSP2601).
摘要This paper introduces a novel fractional-order model based on the Caputo-Fabrizio(CF)derivative for analyzing computer virus propagation in networked environments.The model partitions the computer population into four compartments:susceptible,latently infected,breaking-out,and antivirus-capable systems.By employing the CF derivative—which uses a nonsingular exponential kernel—the framework effectively captures memory-dependent and nonlocal characteristics intrinsic to cyber systems,aspects inadequately represented by traditional integer-order models.Under Lipschitz continuity and boundedness assumptions,the existence and uniqueness of solutions are rigorously established via fixed-point theory.We develop a tailored two-step Adams-Bashforth numerical scheme for the CF framework and prove its second-order accuracy.Extensive numerical simulations across various fractional orders reveal that memory effects significantly influence virus transmission and control dynamics;smaller fractional orders produce more pronounced memory effects,delaying both infection spread and antivirus activation.Further theoretical analysis,including Hyers-Ulam stability and sensitivity assessments,reinforces the model’s robustness and identifies key parameters governing virus dynamics.The study also extends the framework to incorporate stochastic effects through a stochastic CF formulation.These results underscore fractional-order modeling as a powerful analytical tool for developing robust and effective cybersecurity strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273190)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20211275)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(SJCX24_0328)。
摘要Dear Editor,Nonlinear dynamic system is difficult to model by traditional modeling methods,because of high nonlinearity and limited precision.Koopman operator,an effective technique,maps nonlinear dynamic systems to a higher-dimensional linear space,allowing complex nonlinear behavior to be described linearly.However,conventional Koopman-based approaches often suffer from computational complexity,this paper employs a deep neural network with random search to learn feature mappings and estimates the Koopman operator by subspace identification.Experimental results show the approach simplifies modeling and significantly improves modeling accuracy over traditional methods.
基金supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52175103)。
摘要Multiple ballonets are arranged within the airship,each confined to an individual section by diaphragms.The gas-air interface within the ballonet sections induces sloshing,which subsequently influences the motion of the airship.This paper presents an equivalent mechanical model for simulating gas sloshing in multiple ballonet sections to better understand this influence.Building on previous work,which employed a spring-mass-dashpot system to model sloshing in a tank and utilized the strip method to represent a horizontal cylinder by accumulating tank slices,this paper further introduces a frequency normalization process to enhance the cylinder model,thereby enabling the simplification of an individual section of the airship in which the ballonet is located.Based on these individual ballonet sections,a final multi-ballonet sloshing model is established,providing a quantitative understanding of the sloshing forces and moments under variations in airship layouts,ballonet numbers,and air filling levels.The sloshing behavior of the airship's multiballonet system is similar to that of a multi-compartment horizontal cylinder,showing limited sensitivity to the air filling level and an optimal number of ballonets,with 5 to 6 being ideal for airships like the YEZ-2A.This model facilitates the development of a motion-sloshing model,enabling airship designers to efficiently account for multi-ballonet gas sloshing effects during the initial design and control stages,contributing to more accurate airship motion modeling.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0709400)the Key Science and Technology Project of Jinhua City(2023-1-093)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LZ23B030001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
摘要In this work,we integrated the multiple time step(MTS)approach with the generalized Born(GB)implicit solvent model for molecular dynamics(MD)simulations of protein systems.The total forces for the protein systems can be decomposed into two terms:slow forces corresponding to the solvation energy term in GB,and fast forces relevant to potential energy in vacuum.An integrator with the reversible Trotter decomposition scheme,in which the former is determined each N steps and used for the next N1 steps,was performed on MD simulations of four protein systems with different secondary structures.It was observed that the results using MTS until N=4 are in good agreement with the reference simulations in which each force term is updated at each step.We further compared the performances of four widelyused GB models:STILL,HCT,OBC and GRYCUK,in the framework of GB-MTS.The influence of different Born radius calculation methods is usually more significant than that of the MTS approach.
基金supported by Advanced Materials-Na-tional Science and Technology Major Project(No.2025ZD0618702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22273031)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3707300)the Program for the Jilin University Science and Tech-nology Innovative Research Team.
摘要Multi-scale modeling of polymer systems remains a fundamental challenge in materials sci-ence due to the strongly coupled structures and dynamics across atomic,mesoscopic,and macroscopic scales.Here,we present PyGAMD-ChemFAST(Python GPU-accelerated molecular dynamics-chemical-friendly automated simulation toolkit),an integrated modeling and simulation framework that combines a molecular simulation platform with an automated modeling and processing toolkit.The framework supports bidirectional cross-scale modeling,integrating the mapping from all-atom(AA)to coarse-grained(CG)models in coarse-grain-ing and from CG back to AA in fine-graining,while automating the entire workflow from model parameterization through dynamics simulation to property analysis.It accommodates complex polymer topologies and ensures cross-scale force field compatibility.By unifying modeling and simulation in a programmable environment,PyGAMD-ChemFAST enhances computational efficiency and ensures parameter consistency,especially in studying phase sep-aration,glass transition,crystallization,and mechanical behavior.This integrated framework provides an efficient and reliable platform for high-throughput,multi-scale polymer research.
摘要The dynamics of heart rhythms plays a pivotal role in physiological health,where chaotic behavior is often associated with pathological cardiac states.In this work,we investigate a fractional-order model of cardiac pacemaker dynamics using incommensurate derivatives to capture the complex memory effects and non-local interactions inherent in biological systems.We demonstrate that slight variations in the fractional orders induce rich dynamics,including chaos and coexisting attractors,signifying transitions between normal and dysfunctional rhythms.Crucially,our model exhibits wider chaotic regions than classical integer-order counterparts when the incommensurate derivatives are perturbed.Furthermore,we reveal pronounced multistability,where distinct chaotic attractors coexist under identical parameters,reflecting the system's capacity for abrupt transitions between physiological and pathological states.These findings advance the mechanistic understanding of rhythm disorders and highlight the critical role of fractional calculus in modeling cardiac dynamics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Basic Science Center Program for“Multiscale Problems in Nonlinear Mechanics”(Grant No.11988102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12202451).
摘要This paper investigates the capabilities of large language models(LLMs)to leverage,learn and create knowledge in solving computational fluid dynamics(CFD)problems through three categories of baseline problems.These categories include(1)conventional CFD problems that can be solved using existing numerical methods in LLMs,such as lid-driven cavity flow and the Sod shock tube problem;(2)problems that require new numerical methods beyond those available in LLMs,such as the recently developed Chien-physics-informed neural networks for singularly perturbed convection-diffusion equations;and(3)problems that cannot be solved using existing numerical methods in LLMs,such as the ill-conditioned Hilbert linear algebraic systems.The evaluations indicate that reasoning LLMs overall outperform non-reasoning models in four test cases.Reasoning LLMs show excellent performance for CFD problems according to the tailored prompts,but their current capability in autonomous knowledge exploration and creation needs to be enhanced.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12072191,52575220)。
摘要The Variable Stator Vanes(VSV)system ensures the smooth operation of the highpressure compressor by adjusting the vane angles to prevent surge,and the dynamic behavior of its multistage vanes directly affects its service performance.To investigate the dynamic behavior of the spatial VSV multi-vane mechanism,a positional constraint equation for the VSV mechanism was established,and the numerical expressions of the Jacobian matrices for different kinematic pair constraint equations were derived.The Lagrange multiplier method was modified for spatial rotation,and an ideal dynamic model of the spatial VSV multi-vane mechanism was developed.The computational results indicate that the dynamic behavior of different vanes within the same stage is similar,and the constraint moment experienced by vanes at different positions has a linear relationship with their centroid coordinates.This study expands the dynamic modeling methods for spatial mechanisms and provides a foundation for researching the frictional dynamic behavior of VSV mechanisms with clearance.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.T2121003 and 91748201).
摘要In recent years,there has been a surge of interest in air-ground collaborative robotics technologies.Our research group designs a novel combination-separation air-ground robot(CSAGR),which exhibits rapid automatic combination and separation capabilities.During the combination process,contact effects between robots,as well as between robots and the environment,are unavoidable.Therefore,it is essential to conduct detailed and accurate modeling and analysis of the collision impact intensity and transmission pathways within the robotic system to ensure the successful execution of the combination procedure.This paper addresses the intricate surface geometries and multi-point contact challenges present in the contact regions of dual robots by making appropriate modifications to the traditional continuous contact force model and applying equivalent processing techniques.The validity of the developed model is confirmed through comparisons with results obtained from finite element analysis(FEA),which demonstrates its high fidelity.Additionally,the impact of this model on control performance is analyzed within the flight control system,thereby further ensuring the successful completion of the combination process.This research represents a pioneering application and validation of continuous contact theory in the dynamics of collisions within dual robot systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62233014)。
摘要The Near Space Hypersonic Vehicle(NSHV)features a unique design and propulsion system,achieving exceptional speed,range,and maneuverability,which challenge ground-based radars.Space-Based Radar(SBR)offers a breakthrough for tracking NSHV targets,with allweather operation and freedom from Earth's curvature,but faces complex coordinate transformations.Traditional models often overlook the NSHV's dynamic gliding trajectory,especially the impact of hidden control variables on maneuvering,causing mismatches during rapid motion changes.This paper proposes a refined tracking model unified in the ECEF coordinate frame,incorporating model parameters that implicitly encode control laws,and presents an ExpectationMaximization Multi-swarm Cooperative Particle Swarm Optimization(EM-MCPSO)framework for both NSHV tracking and model parameter estimation to address this problem.To minimize conversion errors,a transformation matrix directly represented by the state in the EarthCentered Earth-Fixed(ECEF)coordinate is derived.Then the hybrid aerodynamic acceleration coefficients are introduced to precisely describe the dynamic behaviors,formulating target tracking as a joint estimation problem of state and parameters within EM framework.Finally,a self-learning algorithm based on a master–slave structured PSO is proposed to solve the optimization of the conditional expectations of EM under strong nonlinearity,with a Proportional-Derivative(PD)controller accelerating convergence,and updating the population structure with historical data.Simulations of vertical gliding and horizontal maneuvers validate the algorithm's effectiveness.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Academy of Engineering Physics and Jointly Setup"NSAF"Joint Fund(No.U1430119)。
摘要The multi-scale modeling combined with the cohesive zone model(CZM)and the molecular dynamics(MD)method were preformed to simulate the crack propagation in NiTi shape memory alloys(SMAs).The metallographic microscope and image processing technology were employed to achieve a quantitative grain size distribution of NiTi alloys so as to provide experimental data for molecular dynamics modeling at the atomic scale.Considering the size effect of molecular dynamics model on material properties,a reasonable modeling size was provided by taking into account three characteristic dimensions from the perspective of macro,meso,and micro scales according to the Buckinghamπtheorem.Then,the corresponding MD simulation on deformation and fracture behavior was investigated to derive a parameterized traction-separation(T-S)law,and then it was embedded into cohesive elements of finite element software.Thus,the crack propagation behavior in NiTi alloys was reproduced by the finite element method(FEM).The experimental results show that the predicted initiation fracture toughness is in good agreement with experimental data.In addition,it is found that the dynamics initiation fracture toughness increases with decreasing grain size and increasing loading velocity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U24B2049,52175062)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(No.2024J09013)。
摘要Axial piston pumps are widely used to supply the fluid power,but their significant vibration has become a growing concern.To address this issue,this paper presents a novel dynamic model for the axial piston pump and mitigates both flow fluctuation and mechanical vibration powers through a multi-objective optimization method.A Lumped-Parameter(LP)model is first introduced to describe dynamic behaviors of the entire pump assembly,and the Newmark-βmethod is adopted to calculate flow fluctuation and mechanical vibration powers.Experimental validation is conducted to ensure the accuracy of the proposed model.Using this validated model,a multiobjective optimization algorithm is employed to optimize the structural parameters of three representative valve plate types,aiming to simultaneously reduce flow fluctuation and mechanical vibrations.The optimization results demonstrate a significant reduction in the pump vibration power,as well as improvements in cavitation and pressure overshoot conditions.Among these optimized designs,the valve plate with hole-shaped damping grooves shows the lowest vibration power,while the valve plate with the triangular damping grooves achieves the lowest maximum piston chamber pressure.This study offers a promising approach for designing quieter axial piston pumps,which promotes the fluid power technology.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52441405,No.52175319,No.52090043,No.52305361).
摘要The poor room-temperature formability limits the widespread engineering application of magnesium alloy,necessitating hot deformation processes where damage evolution is critically influenced by microstructure.While the present damage models overlook the specific roles of dynamic recrystallization(DRX)and twinning,which are pivotal in magnesium alloys.Given this limitation,this study developed a microstructure-related Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman(GTN)damage model for AZ31 alloy under high-temperature conditions.The model was calibrated based on uniaxial tension tests conducted at 300℃,which revealed that DRX suppresses void initiation and growth,whereas twinning promotes shear damage.The modified model was subsequently applied to simulate the wedging spinning process.Comparisons between simulations and experiments confirmed the model’s reliability in predicting deformation,microstructure distribution,and damage.The analysis revealed that during early stage of the process,the DRX fraction is higher near the inner and outer surfaces of the conical wall and lower in the middle layer,whereas the twin volume fraction follows the opposite trend.In the later stage,DRX occurs throughout the entire conical wall while twinning is nearly completely consumed.The study identifies shear damage,correlated with equivalent strain,as the primary damage mechanism,while void evolution is influenced by fluctuations in stress triaxiality.Furthermore,it was found that excessively small spinning thicknesses and large dip angles exacerbate the risk of inner surface cracking.This established model proves to be effective for predicting damage and optimizing process parameters in the hot spinning of AZ31 alloys.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52368068the Training Program for a Thousand of Young and Middle-Aged Backbone Teachers in Guangxi Universities。
摘要The present study designs a dynamic centrifugal model test to simulate water-free and water-covered free-field sites with the objective of identifying the main characteristics of seismic motion at sea and evaluating how overlying seawater affects the spatial coherence between any two points during an earthquake.The acceleration time history at various subsurface depths was recorded in response to El Centro seismic waves that were used as input.The coherence function between each point is obtained using a multi-dimensional autoregressive(AR)model.The results show that coherence generally increases with the input acceleration magnitude.The coherence function exhibits a general diminishing tendency with increasing distance.The effect of overlying water weight and the interaction between the water and the soil play an important role in ground motion response.Overall,coherence in the water-covered site is found to be lower than in the water-free site under the same working condition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52477222)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2024GX-YBXM-442)the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Key R&D Program under Grant(2022B01019-2)。
摘要With the rapid development of electric vehicles and grid-scale renewable integration,the demand for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has significantly increased with high expectations on enhanced energy density,cycle stability,and failure resilience.Electrochemical models(EMs),serving as pivotal mechanismdriven analytical frameworks in battery research and applications,demonstrate unprecedented quantitative fidelity in characterizing intricate multi-physics dynamics for the next-generation battery management systems(BMS).The breakthrough innovations in artificial intelligence(AI)driven methods have revolutionized the dynamic modeling of LIBs.However,the deployment of AI-augmented EMs in BMS faces significant identifiability challenges due to strong parameter coupling.In addition,research on model simplification,parameter determination,and dynamic parameter identification remains largely fragmented.There is a lack of a comprehensive review to pave the way for the cross-domain innovations in BMS.To fill this gap,this paper presents a systematic review of the EMs for LIBs and examines the advancements in parameter determination techniques from both experimental measurement and numerical simulation perspectives.Besides,a comprehensive assessment of the progress in parameter identification from the standpoint of dynamic recognition is presented,encompassing both modelbased approaches and intelligent methods.Additionally,from the BMS standpoint,the strengths and limitations of existing approaches are evaluated.Finally,a coordinated framework for multi-stage identification needs to be established in the future.The potential of digital twins(DT),deep reinforcement learning(DRL),and large language models(LLMs)in enhancing EMs also warrants further exploration.The purpose of this work is to provide insights and guidance for the future development of EMs in LIB applications.
基金supported by the Ningxia Natural Science F oundation Project(Nos.2024 AAC01001 and 2024 AAC 05002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12302070)the Youth Science and Technology Talent Cultivation Project of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China。
摘要Constructing a neuromorphic electromechanical system based on a flexible memristor is of great significance for the development of biomimetic electrical-mechanical transverters.A bioinspired electromechanical system can perform real-time energy-efficient processing of multimodal signals,including electrical activities and mechanical motions.Here,we propose a bioinspired electromechanical system composed of a two-disc dynamo driven by a dual integrate-and-fire neuron.A memristive system exists in the bioinspired electromechanical system,as observed in the current-voltage relationship.The neuromorphic electromechanical model can exhibit a multiscroll hidden attractor by adjusting a controllable parameter.Complex chaotic behaviors have been demonstrated by numerical simulations,including two-parameter bifurcation,Lyapunov exponents,and phase diagrams.Finally,the applicability of a chaotic encryption scheme is successfully implemented on a neuromorphic electromechanical system.
基金supported by the part of the projects managed by the projects MEMRIAAP-CM-UC3M(managed by the Community of Madrid)TED2021-131372A-I00 and PID2020-116984RB-C22(managed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation-MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033-).
摘要This work presents a methodology for modelling multibody systems with contact/impact events,considering angular inertia and energy dissipation,using a spinning top in contact with a flat surface as a case study.This specific application is chosen due to its requirement for an extremely precise characterization of the contact interaction to ensure consistent results.The modelling process is carried out using smooth contact methods,incorporating the Hertz and Flores models for the normal force,and the Ambr´osio and Gonthier models for tangential friction.To propose this methodology,an analysis and comparison of different models of normal and tangential forces will be performed,aiming to identify their differences and determine which are more appropriate for the system under study.Additionally,the impact of a variable restitution coefficient solution proposed by Ma et al.on the system’s dynamics is evaluated.This model,which was developed and tested by a finite element method tool and experiments,is now integrated within the context of a multibody dynamics model.The analysis addresses the effect of contact modelling on the evolution of the motion and the stability of the top.The results show that models with dissipation accelerate the cessation of rebounds and generate tighter trajectories,while models without dissipation produce prolonged oscillations and wider trajectories.Moreover,the impact of model selection on computational cost is discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52375420)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(YQ2023E014)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022T150163)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (CJGJZD20230724093300001)
摘要The complex interactions between abrasives and workpieces across both spatial and temporal dimensions,the difficulty in quantitatively characterizing material removal under ductile-brittle coexistence,and the uncertainty in the material removal behaviors associated with internal defects pose significant challenges in dynamic force modeling involved in grinding of hard and brittle solids.To resolve the above issues,a theoretical model of the dynamic grinding force involved in the grinding of B4C ceramics was developed by comprehensively considering the time evolution,strain rate effect,random abrasive distribution,multi-abrasive coupling effect,material removal behavior under ductile-brittle coexistence,plastic pile-up,and defect distribution.The simulation results of the model demonstrated a strong correlation with the experimental findings,with an average error of less than 10%.This model elucidated the comprehensive influence of multi-abrasive coupling in the spatial dimension and material damage accumulation in the temporal dimension on the evolution behaviors of grinding forces,thereby enabling the simultaneous capture of both the time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics of grinding force signals.A systematic analysis of the waveform features and spectral components enabled the clear characterization of transient dynamic responses during the grinding process,thereby facilitating the identification of material removal modes.The findings demonstrated that B4C ceramics were characterized by high-frequency force signals originating from brittle fractures,with a concomitant reduction in grinding force observed as the size and density of internal defects increased.This study not only enhances the understanding of the mechanisms underlying multi-abrasive interactions and their influence on material removal behaviors but also quantitatively characterizes the effects of grinding parameters and the distribution of defects on grinding forces,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for optimizing the grinding processes of hard and brittle materials.