Does traditional Chinese economic thought possess genuine analytical rigor?This question lies at the heart of any serious evaluation of its theoretical value and historical significance.It also matters for understandi...Does traditional Chinese economic thought possess genuine analytical rigor?This question lies at the heart of any serious evaluation of its theoretical value and historical significance.It also matters for understanding how best to preserve,build on its remarkable achievements,and develop its intellectual legacy.Critics such as Schumpeter and Taylor have long argued that the economic reasoning found in ancient China cannot compare with that of classical Greece or medieval Europe.Yet this view often reflects the narrow assumptions of mainstream economics,defining analysis almost entirely in terms of market exchange.As a result,it tends to overlook traditions built around statecraft,governance,and the management of economic order.A careful re-examination and Sino-Western comparative analysis of key thinkers-including Mencius,Guanzi,and Sima Qian-tells a different story.Rooted in China’s distinctive cultural and philosophical heritage,traditional Chinese economic thought not only contains the analytical dimensions(as defined by Schumpeter)but also displays a broader and more diverse set of economic reasoning.Notably,its systematic depth and intellectual precision were,in many respects,remarkably advanced.Therefore,advancing the construction of a Chinese school of economics in the new era under the framework of the“Second Integration”,i.e.,integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s fine traditional culture,should,and indeed can draw essential insights from this analytical tradition.展开更多
After the end of World War II,African countries successively gained independence and ushered in a golden age of economic development.Through the strategies of primary product exports,transitional economic policies and...After the end of World War II,African countries successively gained independence and ushered in a golden age of economic development.Through the strategies of primary product exports,transitional economic policies and import substitution development,their economic growth accelerated significantly.However,due to the limitations of these strategies,the structural problem of Africa being an exporter of cheap industrial raw materials and an importer of manufactured goods remained unresolved.展开更多
The shift to the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area(CAFTA)3.0 version marked more than just a technical update to an existing trade agreement.It signaled a recalibration ofregional economic cooperation as global trade has in...The shift to the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area(CAFTA)3.0 version marked more than just a technical update to an existing trade agreement.It signaled a recalibration ofregional economic cooperation as global trade has increasingly become shaped by digitalization,sustainability concerns,and fragile supply chains.For Indonesia,Southeast Asia’s largest economy and one of its most demographically dynamic,CAFTA 3.0 offers a framework that could materially strengthen its long-term economic position,if navigated with care and intent.展开更多
Despite the advantages of high effluent quality and small footprint,membrane bioreactor(MBR)technology faces challenges in sustainable development due to energy consumption and membrane fouling.Weighing the advantages...Despite the advantages of high effluent quality and small footprint,membrane bioreactor(MBR)technology faces challenges in sustainable development due to energy consumption and membrane fouling.Weighing the advantages and disadvantages of MBRs requires a comprehensive assessment from techno-economic-environmental perspectives.In this paper,we reviewed the related research on MBRs from three aspects:economic cost analysis,environmental impact assessment,and comprehensive techno-economic-environmental assessment.The aim of this paper is to understand the sustainable development performance of MBRs,and to review the current status of the application of multiple techno-economic-environmental assessment methods in the field of wastewater treatment.The currently available results of the economic cost analysis of MBRs showed that the operating cost and energy consumption of MBRs are higher than those of other wastewater treatment processes if MBRs’potential benefit of smaller footprint is not taken into account.The results of the environmental impact assessment showed that MBRs have a positive environmental impact due to high quality effluent,although global warming potential limits the sustainability of MBRs to some extent.Combined techno-economic-environmental assessment showed that MBRs are economically feasible and technically efficient,while their sustainability is controversial.Given the rapid development of MBR technology,these results may evolve as new advancements are made.In addition,there is room for improvement in the existing literature regarding the reliability and comparability of results,as well as the applicability of the methods,particularly in defining the accounting scope,clarifying model assumptions,and considering discounting.展开更多
Background The evolution of Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)resistance in cotton pink bollworm(Pectinophora gossypiella)has renewed reliance on insecticides,making precise application timing vital due to the pest’s interna...Background The evolution of Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)resistance in cotton pink bollworm(Pectinophora gossypiella)has renewed reliance on insecticides,making precise application timing vital due to the pest’s internal feeding habit.This study refines the economic injury level(EIL)for pink bollworm using pest-infestation gradients and yield loss-damage functions.The EILs were estimated and converted to action thresholds(75%of EIL).The sensitivity to control costs,cotton prices,and control efficacy was considered in calculating the EIL.Additionally,the relationship between national pheromone-trap data(2015-2023)and green boll infestation was examined.Results Based on the average cotton prices,optimum control cost,and desirable control efficacy,EILs ranged from 7.1%to 8.6%of boll infestation,with corresponding action thresholds of 5.3%and 6.4%for120 DAS crop stages,respectively.Control efficacy emerged as the most influential factor on EILs.Corresponding pheromone trap catch-based action thresholds were revised to 4.5 and 5.7 moths per trap per night,lower than the existing 8.0 moths per trap per night tied to a 10%boll infestation threshold.Validation using multi-location data supported refined estimates.Conclusions The study demonstrates that maintaining high control efficacy is central to keeping EILs low and enabling timely intervention against pink bollworm.Effective control reduces the pest’s damage potential,lowers the onset of economic loss,and supports earlier,more reliable ET-based actions.These results collectively ensure better suppression of pests and promote economically efficient,agronomically robust pest management.展开更多
Conversion of double-cropping rice(DR)into a rice-vegetable(RV)rotation system has become prevalent among farmers seeking higher economic returns in China.However,the overall impacts of this conversion on economic ben...Conversion of double-cropping rice(DR)into a rice-vegetable(RV)rotation system has become prevalent among farmers seeking higher economic returns in China.However,the overall impacts of this conversion on economic benefits and environmental outcomes have rarely been studied.This study presented a field experiment to investigate the impacts of converting DR into rice-edamame(RE)and rice-broccoli(RB)on methane(CH4)and nitrous oxide(N2O)emissions,carbon footprints(CF),nitrogen footprints(NF),net economic benefit(NEB),and net ecosystem economic benefit(NEEB)in paddy fields.展开更多
International trade serves as a crucial pathway for enhancing global food security and equality amid severe food crises worldwide.Under globalization,economic development has profoundly influenced food trade,while dis...International trade serves as a crucial pathway for enhancing global food security and equality amid severe food crises worldwide.Under globalization,economic development has profoundly influenced food trade,while disparities in food purchasing power among different economic development groups have led to uneven food security outcomes.However,the varying contributions of international trade to food security across these groups remain to be quantitatively elucidated.This study categorized countries into four economic development groups—high,high-medium,medium-low,and low—and examined changes in their food security scores from 2010 to 2019.The cross-group contributions of international trade to food security across these groups were compared.The results revealed that the food security score of the high economic development group was 9.22 times higher than that of the low economic development group.From 2010 to 2019,the high economic development group exhibited a significant upward trend in food security scores,whereas the low economic development group showed a significant decline.Moreover,international trade contributed significantly to both cross-group and within-group food security in the high economic development group,while its contribution to the low economic development group remained negligible.These findings demonstrated that international trade has further widened the food security gap between the high and low economic development groups,and its limited contribution to the low economic development group has failed to reverse the declining trend in their food security scores.This study quantified the divergent impacts of international trade on food security across economic development groups,providing valuable insights for optimizing global food trade policies—particularly in addressing the food security challenges faced by low econominc development group.展开更多
Enhancing farmers’self-development capacity.Is critical to mitigating the risk of large-scale poverty relapse.Drawing on three-wave panel data from the China Household Finance Survey(CHFS)covering 2015-2019,this stud...Enhancing farmers’self-development capacity.Is critical to mitigating the risk of large-scale poverty relapse.Drawing on three-wave panel data from the China Household Finance Survey(CHFS)covering 2015-2019,this study employs two-way fixed effects and quantile regression models to examine the impact of digital financial literacy on the economic resilience of rural households.A mediation model is further applied to explore the mechanisms underlying this relationship,with particular attention to risk preferences and the adoption of digital technologies.The findings demonstrate that higher levels of digital financial literacy substantially strengthen household economic resilience.Although positive effects are evident across all quantiles,the marginal impact decreases as resilience levels rise.Both risk preferences and the adoption of digital technologies serve as key mediators in this relationship.Heterogeneity analyses indicate that digital financial literacy indirectly enhances household resilience by increasing farmers’risk tolerance and facilitating digital technology adoption,with these effects being particularly pronounced among households with higher educational attainment and those located in central and western China.Consequently,policy interventions should focus on accelerating the development of digital and financial infrastructure in rural areas,improving the design and delivery of digital financial literacy programs,and encouraging active engagement in digital financial markets to strengthen safeguards against poverty relapse.展开更多
As the world’s largest greenhouse gas emitter,China announced its“dual carbon goals”in September 2020.Achieving these goals and advancing high-quality economic development require the coordinated advancement of ene...As the world’s largest greenhouse gas emitter,China announced its“dual carbon goals”in September 2020.Achieving these goals and advancing high-quality economic development require the coordinated advancement of energy structure optimization,industrial structure upgrading,economic efficiency improvement,and carbon emission efficiency enhancement.On the basis of panel data from 30 provinces in China(including municipalities and autonomous regions)from 2010 to 2023,this study first evaluates economic efficiency and carbon emission efficiency via a nonparametric production frontier approach.It then employs a panel vector autoregression(PVAR)model to examine the dynamic relationships among these four indicators—industrial structure upgrading,energy structure optimization,economic efficiency,and carbon emission efficiency—at both the national and regional levels.The findings reveal that:(ⅰ)At the national level,the four indicators have not yet established a long-term dynamic coupling relationship,indicating that synergies among these development factors in China’s green transition remain insufficient;(ⅱ)significant regional heterogeneity exists.The central region shows preliminary mutual influences among the variables,although the strength and stability of these interactions require further enhancement.In contrast,the eastern region demonstrates short-term economic inertia,where economic efficiency and industrial structure upgrading have failed to form a virtuous cycle.The western region lacks an endogenous driving mechanism for effective coordination between industrial and economic efficiency.展开更多
Based on an index system established from the dimensions of ecology,life,and production,this study measures the governance efficiency of rural human settlements in the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)using the super-...Based on an index system established from the dimensions of ecology,life,and production,this study measures the governance efficiency of rural human settlements in the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)using the super-efficient slack-based measure model.The Gini coefficient,Markov chain,and Tobit regression model are employed to analyze the YREB’s regional disparities,dynamic trends,and influencing factors,providing a theoretical basis for promoting rural revitalization and regional coordination development.The results show that:(1)The overall governance efficiency exhibits a fluctuating uptrend,with a spatial pattern of“downstream>midstream>upstream”.(2)Moreover,regional differences of efficiency show a fluctuating downtrend,with inter-regional disparities as the primary sources.(3)The Markov chain indicates strong convergence in low-efficiency regions and low stability in high-efficiency regions.(4)Finally,governance efficiency can be significantly influenced by financial support,informatization,economic development,and education level.These results demonstrated the need for differentiated policies to narrow regional gaps and enhance synergistic,sustainable improvement in rural human settlements.展开更多
Strengthening consumption’s fundamental role in economic development requires an adaptive transition of demand-side growth drivers from an investment-driven economy to a consumption-led economy.Against the backdrop o...Strengthening consumption’s fundamental role in economic development requires an adaptive transition of demand-side growth drivers from an investment-driven economy to a consumption-led economy.Against the backdrop of a relatively low consumption rate,expanding consumption promotes the formation of a consumption-led economic development model by facilitating economic circulation,stimulating economic growth,guiding resource allocation,and generating scale advantages.Building on a clarification of the scientific connotation of a consumption-led economy,this paper develops a consumption-led economic indicator system and constructs a consumption-led economic index to evaluate consumption’s fundamental role in economic development.The research results indicate that a consumption-led economy represents the primary direction of transformation in economic growth drivers:As economies evolve,consumption-led economic characteristics become increasingly pronounced,and a growing number of countries exhibit such characteristics.These characteristics are particularly evident in developed countries,most of which have already transitioned to a consumption-led economy.By contrast,newly industrialized countries and general industrialized countries display weaker consumption-led characteristics and predominantly follow either a domestic demand-led or an investment-driven economic development model.In light of China’s development practice,the country as a whole remains at the stage of a domestic demand-led economy.Given substantial regional disparities within the country,different regions should promote an adaptive transition of economic growth drivers toward a consumption-led economy in accordance with their specific economic conditions.展开更多
The BRICS Economic and Trade Activities Forum was held by the Council for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT)in Beijing on April 24,with the theme of“BRICS Cooperation Empowering Global South Development:Co-b...The BRICS Economic and Trade Activities Forum was held by the Council for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT)in Beijing on April 24,with the theme of“BRICS Cooperation Empowering Global South Development:Co-building Standards,Integrating Trade,and Sharing Development.”More than 200 people attended the forum,including leaders of relevant Chinese and foreign standardization organizations,administrative authorities,business associations,enterprises and research institutes,and envoys from embassies of relevant countries to China.展开更多
Rapid urbanization(UR)profoundly reshapes landscape patterns and modifies ecological functions,thereby affecting ecosystem services(ES).While previous research has explored this topic,studies examining the complex rel...Rapid urbanization(UR)profoundly reshapes landscape patterns and modifies ecological functions,thereby affecting ecosystem services(ES).While previous research has explored this topic,studies examining the complex relationship between UR and ES indicators remain scarce.Taking the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB),China as a case study,this study integrates ecological modeling,Random Forest,geographically weighted regression,and bivariate local spatial autocorrelation to analyze the spatiotemporal relationships and interaction mechanisms between multidimensional UR indicators and multiple types of ES from 1980 to 2020.The results show that UR in the YREB follows a clear east-high,west-low gradient pattern,with economic and land urbanization growing notably faster than population urbanization.Among ES,water yield(WY),soil retention(SR),and carbon sequestration have all increased,while habitat quality(HQ)has remained generally stable with a slight decline.UR exerts nonlinear and spatially heterogeneous effects on ES,with SR and HQ negatively affected by population density(POPD)and urban land proportion(ULP),GDP density(GDPD)having positive effects,WY negatively influenced by POPD,net ecosystem productivity(NEP)negatively impacted by ULP,and other UR and ES indicators showing more complex patterns.The spatial interaction between UR and ES is largely characterized by a‘Low URHigh ES'pattern,which enables the functional division of the YREB into Ecological Conservation Areas,Ecological Enhancement Areas,Ecological Source Areas,and Ecological Restoration Areas.This study provides a scientific basis for coordinating regional development and ecological conservation by revealing the spatiotemporal feedback mechanisms within the UR-ES subsystem.The Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB),China was selected as the study area for this study.As an inland river economic belt with global influence and a pioneering demonstration zone for ecological civilization construction,the YREB has experienced rapid UR since China's reform and opening-up policy in 1978.By 2020,its GDP had reached 47.2 trillion CNY,accounting for about 46.4% of the national total,and its UR rate had exceeded 60%(National Bureau of Statistics of China,2021),making its development process a microcosm of China's broader economic transformation and a representative example of the global UR process.Importantly,the YREB exhibits a notable ecological gradient and UR development differences from west to east(Xu et al.,2021),encompassing both low-and highlevel city types in terms of UR and ES.This diversity provides a representative ideal region for exploring the dynamic changes of ES under different UR contexts.展开更多
Policy support for the services sector has continued to gain momentum.China's latest Report on the Work of the Government released in March called for expanding investment in key service industries,while the count...Policy support for the services sector has continued to gain momentum.China's latest Report on the Work of the Government released in March called for expanding investment in key service industries,while the country's first national conference dedicated to the services sector—now China's largest economic sector—in April underscored its growing strategic importance.As incomes rise and the economy becomes more sophisticated,services are expected to play an increasingly important role in driving economic growth.展开更多
Looking back at how China successfully left no-one behind.IN an era when even once-proud industrialized nations battle to ensure jobs,pensions,and a secure future,the enviable story of a country that rose from a devel...Looking back at how China successfully left no-one behind.IN an era when even once-proud industrialized nations battle to ensure jobs,pensions,and a secure future,the enviable story of a country that rose from a developing nation marked by widespread poverty to a global economic power in the short span of fifty years offers a ray of hope.展开更多
The Chinese word韧性(rènxìng,resilience),which resonated deeply with the public in2025,ranked No.1 on the annual list of top10 Chinese buzzwords recently unveiled by Shanghai-based language and literature ma...The Chinese word韧性(rènxìng,resilience),which resonated deeply with the public in2025,ranked No.1 on the annual list of top10 Chinese buzzwords recently unveiled by Shanghai-based language and literature magazine Yaowen Jiaozi.Originating from the concept of being“pliant yet solid”,it embodies an unyielding spirit.In economics,resilience denotes the capacity to withstand,absorb,and recover from external shocks.展开更多
China’s“two sessions,”convened in the first half of March this year,released important signals that the country will continue to promote high-quality development,expand high-standard opening-up,and strengthen scien...China’s“two sessions,”convened in the first half of March this year,released important signals that the country will continue to promote high-quality development,expand high-standard opening-up,and strengthen scientific and technological innovation.As an important window for observing the direction of China’s economic policies,the annual sessions of the country’s top legislature and political advisory body have also highlighted significant opportunities for regional economic cooperation.展开更多
Decarbonising the building sector,particularly residential heating,represents a critical challenge for achieving carbon-neutral energy systems.Efficient solutions must integrate both technological performance and rene...Decarbonising the building sector,particularly residential heating,represents a critical challenge for achieving carbon-neutral energy systems.Efficient solutions must integrate both technological performance and renewable energy sources while considering operational constraints of existing systems.This study investigates a hybrid heating system combining a natural gas boiler(NGB)with an air-to-water heat pump(AWHP),evaluated through a combination of laboratory experiments and dynamic modelling.A prototype developed in the Electrical and Energy Engineering Laboratory enabled the characterization of both heat generators,the collection of experimental data,and the calibration of a MATLAB/Simulink model,including emissions and exhaust analyses.Sensitivity analyses were performed to identify optimal configurations for energy efficiency and system control,accounting for interactions between subsystems.Results highlight that hybridisation significantly improves primary energy efficiency and reduces fuel consumption compared to conventional NGB-only systems.Environmental performance,assessed through CO2 and NOx emissions and renewable energy integration,demonstrates the benefits of partial electrification in the residential sector.Economic assessment further quantifies decarbonization costs and fuel savings,illustrating tradeoffs between low-capital,moderate-performance systems and high-efficiency,high-renewable solutions requiring larger investments.The analysis shows that strategic decisions for residential decarbonisation cannot be separated from system-wide considerations,including control strategies,component integration,and economic feasibility.The study underlines the importance of hybrid and renewable-based solutions as pivotal pathways for energy transition in the residential building sector.展开更多
The annual meetings of the 14th National People’s Congress(NPC)and the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC),known as the Two Sessions,were held in Beijing in March...The annual meetings of the 14th National People’s Congress(NPC)and the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC),known as the Two Sessions,were held in Beijing in March.Thousands of NPC deputies and CPPCC National Committee members from different regions and walks of life discussed national policies,economic plans and developmental goals.展开更多
Winter wheat is a key staple crop in Northwest China,yet optimizing its productivity and economic returns remains a challenge due to water constraints and suboptimal planting densities.This study evaluates the combine...Winter wheat is a key staple crop in Northwest China,yet optimizing its productivity and economic returns remains a challenge due to water constraints and suboptimal planting densities.This study evaluates the combined effects of irrigation strategies and planting density(PD) on winter wheat yield,resource-use efficiency,and net economic benefits(NEB).A two-year field experiment was conducted under four irrigation treatments(I1,no irrigation;I2,before winter and jointing;I3,jointing;I4,jointing and anthesis) and three PD treatments(PD1,562.5×104 plants ha-1;PD2,375×104 plants ha-1;PD3,187.5×104 plants ha-1).Through field trials,we identified optimal water-saving irrigation regimes and planting densities that maximize grain yield while enhancing water productivity.Our results demonstrated that lower PD(187.5×104 plants ha-1) under reduced irrigation significantly improved dry matter accumulation(DMA),SPAD,and leaf area index(LAI),leading to higher grain yield.Moderate irrigation at the jointing stage(I3) enhanced grain yield in higher planting densities by up to 18.42% compared to other irrigation regimes,while the highest overall yield(6,310 kg ha-1) was achieved in medium PD under the I3 irrigation.Water-use efficiency(WUE) was significantly improved by reducing irrigation at specific growth stages,mitigating excessive evapotranspiration.PD3-I3 achieved the highest NEB,exceeding I1,I2,and I4 by11.9,18.4,and 16.4%,respectively,in 2022-2023 and by 15.1,14.0,and 8.4%,respectively,in 2023-2024.The findings provide practical insights for sustainable wheat production,ensuring higher profitability while conserving water resources.Implementing optimized irrigation and PD strategies offers a strategic pathway to improving food security and farm income in the semi-arid regions of Northwest China.展开更多
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC):NSSFC Major Project“Exploration and Practice in the Development of Chinese Economics Since the Modern Era”(Grant No.17ZDA034)NSSFC Key Project“The Status and Value of Traditional Chinese Economic Thought”(Grant No.17AJL006)NSSFC General Project“The Transformation and Evolution of Chinese Economic Thought During the Republican Era”(Grant No.22BJL130).
摘要Does traditional Chinese economic thought possess genuine analytical rigor?This question lies at the heart of any serious evaluation of its theoretical value and historical significance.It also matters for understanding how best to preserve,build on its remarkable achievements,and develop its intellectual legacy.Critics such as Schumpeter and Taylor have long argued that the economic reasoning found in ancient China cannot compare with that of classical Greece or medieval Europe.Yet this view often reflects the narrow assumptions of mainstream economics,defining analysis almost entirely in terms of market exchange.As a result,it tends to overlook traditions built around statecraft,governance,and the management of economic order.A careful re-examination and Sino-Western comparative analysis of key thinkers-including Mencius,Guanzi,and Sima Qian-tells a different story.Rooted in China’s distinctive cultural and philosophical heritage,traditional Chinese economic thought not only contains the analytical dimensions(as defined by Schumpeter)but also displays a broader and more diverse set of economic reasoning.Notably,its systematic depth and intellectual precision were,in many respects,remarkably advanced.Therefore,advancing the construction of a Chinese school of economics in the new era under the framework of the“Second Integration”,i.e.,integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s fine traditional culture,should,and indeed can draw essential insights from this analytical tradition.
摘要After the end of World War II,African countries successively gained independence and ushered in a golden age of economic development.Through the strategies of primary product exports,transitional economic policies and import substitution development,their economic growth accelerated significantly.However,due to the limitations of these strategies,the structural problem of Africa being an exporter of cheap industrial raw materials and an importer of manufactured goods remained unresolved.
摘要The shift to the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area(CAFTA)3.0 version marked more than just a technical update to an existing trade agreement.It signaled a recalibration ofregional economic cooperation as global trade has increasingly become shaped by digitalization,sustainability concerns,and fragile supply chains.For Indonesia,Southeast Asia’s largest economy and one of its most demographically dynamic,CAFTA 3.0 offers a framework that could materially strengthen its long-term economic position,if navigated with care and intent.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(JQ22027)the Weiqiao-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Special Projects on Low-Carbon Technology Development(GYY-DTFZ-2022-021)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(E2EG0502X).
摘要Despite the advantages of high effluent quality and small footprint,membrane bioreactor(MBR)technology faces challenges in sustainable development due to energy consumption and membrane fouling.Weighing the advantages and disadvantages of MBRs requires a comprehensive assessment from techno-economic-environmental perspectives.In this paper,we reviewed the related research on MBRs from three aspects:economic cost analysis,environmental impact assessment,and comprehensive techno-economic-environmental assessment.The aim of this paper is to understand the sustainable development performance of MBRs,and to review the current status of the application of multiple techno-economic-environmental assessment methods in the field of wastewater treatment.The currently available results of the economic cost analysis of MBRs showed that the operating cost and energy consumption of MBRs are higher than those of other wastewater treatment processes if MBRs’potential benefit of smaller footprint is not taken into account.The results of the environmental impact assessment showed that MBRs have a positive environmental impact due to high quality effluent,although global warming potential limits the sustainability of MBRs to some extent.Combined techno-economic-environmental assessment showed that MBRs are economically feasible and technically efficient,while their sustainability is controversial.Given the rapid development of MBR technology,these results may evolve as new advancements are made.In addition,there is room for improvement in the existing literature regarding the reliability and comparability of results,as well as the applicability of the methods,particularly in defining the accounting scope,clarifying model assumptions,and considering discounting.
基金funded by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR),Department of Agricultural Research and Education,Government of India to ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research(ICAR-CICR),Nagpur,Maharashtra,for the in-house research project titled“Revisiting the ETLs and yield loss assessment due to pink bollworm and boll rot in cotton”(Institute project code:IXX15662).
摘要Background The evolution of Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)resistance in cotton pink bollworm(Pectinophora gossypiella)has renewed reliance on insecticides,making precise application timing vital due to the pest’s internal feeding habit.This study refines the economic injury level(EIL)for pink bollworm using pest-infestation gradients and yield loss-damage functions.The EILs were estimated and converted to action thresholds(75%of EIL).The sensitivity to control costs,cotton prices,and control efficacy was considered in calculating the EIL.Additionally,the relationship between national pheromone-trap data(2015-2023)and green boll infestation was examined.Results Based on the average cotton prices,optimum control cost,and desirable control efficacy,EILs ranged from 7.1%to 8.6%of boll infestation,with corresponding action thresholds of 5.3%and 6.4%for120 DAS crop stages,respectively.Control efficacy emerged as the most influential factor on EILs.Corresponding pheromone trap catch-based action thresholds were revised to 4.5 and 5.7 moths per trap per night,lower than the existing 8.0 moths per trap per night tied to a 10%boll infestation threshold.Validation using multi-location data supported refined estimates.Conclusions The study demonstrates that maintaining high control efficacy is central to keeping EILs low and enabling timely intervention against pink bollworm.Effective control reduces the pest’s damage potential,lowers the onset of economic loss,and supports earlier,more reliable ET-based actions.These results collectively ensure better suppression of pests and promote economically efficient,agronomically robust pest management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42177455)the Science and Technology Plan Projects of Quzhou city,Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2023K079)+1 种基金the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(Grant No.CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202408)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,China.
摘要Conversion of double-cropping rice(DR)into a rice-vegetable(RV)rotation system has become prevalent among farmers seeking higher economic returns in China.However,the overall impacts of this conversion on economic benefits and environmental outcomes have rarely been studied.This study presented a field experiment to investigate the impacts of converting DR into rice-edamame(RE)and rice-broccoli(RB)on methane(CH4)and nitrous oxide(N2O)emissions,carbon footprints(CF),nitrogen footprints(NF),net economic benefit(NEB),and net ecosystem economic benefit(NEEB)in paddy fields.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42361144888 and 42401308)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFF1309200).
摘要International trade serves as a crucial pathway for enhancing global food security and equality amid severe food crises worldwide.Under globalization,economic development has profoundly influenced food trade,while disparities in food purchasing power among different economic development groups have led to uneven food security outcomes.However,the varying contributions of international trade to food security across these groups remain to be quantitatively elucidated.This study categorized countries into four economic development groups—high,high-medium,medium-low,and low—and examined changes in their food security scores from 2010 to 2019.The cross-group contributions of international trade to food security across these groups were compared.The results revealed that the food security score of the high economic development group was 9.22 times higher than that of the low economic development group.From 2010 to 2019,the high economic development group exhibited a significant upward trend in food security scores,whereas the low economic development group showed a significant decline.Moreover,international trade contributed significantly to both cross-group and within-group food security in the high economic development group,while its contribution to the low economic development group remained negligible.These findings demonstrated that international trade has further widened the food security gap between the high and low economic development groups,and its limited contribution to the low economic development group has failed to reverse the declining trend in their food security scores.This study quantified the divergent impacts of international trade on food security across economic development groups,providing valuable insights for optimizing global food trade policies—particularly in addressing the food security challenges faced by low econominc development group.
基金This research was funded by the China Commercial Accounting Association,Project No.2025zsx040,titled“Research on the Mechanism and Path of Agricultural Audit in Promoting the High-Quality Development of the Agricultural Economy”.
摘要Enhancing farmers’self-development capacity.Is critical to mitigating the risk of large-scale poverty relapse.Drawing on three-wave panel data from the China Household Finance Survey(CHFS)covering 2015-2019,this study employs two-way fixed effects and quantile regression models to examine the impact of digital financial literacy on the economic resilience of rural households.A mediation model is further applied to explore the mechanisms underlying this relationship,with particular attention to risk preferences and the adoption of digital technologies.The findings demonstrate that higher levels of digital financial literacy substantially strengthen household economic resilience.Although positive effects are evident across all quantiles,the marginal impact decreases as resilience levels rise.Both risk preferences and the adoption of digital technologies serve as key mediators in this relationship.Heterogeneity analyses indicate that digital financial literacy indirectly enhances household resilience by increasing farmers’risk tolerance and facilitating digital technology adoption,with these effects being particularly pronounced among households with higher educational attainment and those located in central and western China.Consequently,policy interventions should focus on accelerating the development of digital and financial infrastructure in rural areas,improving the design and delivery of digital financial literacy programs,and encouraging active engagement in digital financial markets to strengthen safeguards against poverty relapse.
基金supported by the 2024 Qinglan Project Outstanding Teaching Team of Jiangsu Province in China(Logistics and Supply Chain Management Teaching Team).
摘要As the world’s largest greenhouse gas emitter,China announced its“dual carbon goals”in September 2020.Achieving these goals and advancing high-quality economic development require the coordinated advancement of energy structure optimization,industrial structure upgrading,economic efficiency improvement,and carbon emission efficiency enhancement.On the basis of panel data from 30 provinces in China(including municipalities and autonomous regions)from 2010 to 2023,this study first evaluates economic efficiency and carbon emission efficiency via a nonparametric production frontier approach.It then employs a panel vector autoregression(PVAR)model to examine the dynamic relationships among these four indicators—industrial structure upgrading,energy structure optimization,economic efficiency,and carbon emission efficiency—at both the national and regional levels.The findings reveal that:(ⅰ)At the national level,the four indicators have not yet established a long-term dynamic coupling relationship,indicating that synergies among these development factors in China’s green transition remain insufficient;(ⅱ)significant regional heterogeneity exists.The central region shows preliminary mutual influences among the variables,although the strength and stability of these interactions require further enhancement.In contrast,the eastern region demonstrates short-term economic inertia,where economic efficiency and industrial structure upgrading have failed to form a virtuous cycle.The western region lacks an endogenous driving mechanism for effective coordination between industrial and economic efficiency.
基金funded by the Philosophy and Social Sciences Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education[Grant Nos.24Y066 and 21Q026]the General Project of Social Sciences in Hubei Province[Grant No.2021180]the Hubei Non-Profit Organization Research Center Project[Grant No.HBNOP202203].
摘要Based on an index system established from the dimensions of ecology,life,and production,this study measures the governance efficiency of rural human settlements in the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)using the super-efficient slack-based measure model.The Gini coefficient,Markov chain,and Tobit regression model are employed to analyze the YREB’s regional disparities,dynamic trends,and influencing factors,providing a theoretical basis for promoting rural revitalization and regional coordination development.The results show that:(1)The overall governance efficiency exhibits a fluctuating uptrend,with a spatial pattern of“downstream>midstream>upstream”.(2)Moreover,regional differences of efficiency show a fluctuating downtrend,with inter-regional disparities as the primary sources.(3)The Markov chain indicates strong convergence in low-efficiency regions and low stability in high-efficiency regions.(4)Finally,governance efficiency can be significantly influenced by financial support,informatization,economic development,and education level.These results demonstrated the need for differentiated policies to narrow regional gaps and enhance synergistic,sustainable improvement in rural human settlements.
基金supported by the major project of the National Social Science Fund of China,titled“Research on the Operating Mechanism and Improvement Path of the Long-term Mechanism for Expanding Consumption”(No.24ZDA017)the general project of the National Social Science Fund of China,titled“Research on the Formation Mechanism and Promotion Path of a Consumption-led Economy”(No.23BJL086)。
摘要Strengthening consumption’s fundamental role in economic development requires an adaptive transition of demand-side growth drivers from an investment-driven economy to a consumption-led economy.Against the backdrop of a relatively low consumption rate,expanding consumption promotes the formation of a consumption-led economic development model by facilitating economic circulation,stimulating economic growth,guiding resource allocation,and generating scale advantages.Building on a clarification of the scientific connotation of a consumption-led economy,this paper develops a consumption-led economic indicator system and constructs a consumption-led economic index to evaluate consumption’s fundamental role in economic development.The research results indicate that a consumption-led economy represents the primary direction of transformation in economic growth drivers:As economies evolve,consumption-led economic characteristics become increasingly pronounced,and a growing number of countries exhibit such characteristics.These characteristics are particularly evident in developed countries,most of which have already transitioned to a consumption-led economy.By contrast,newly industrialized countries and general industrialized countries display weaker consumption-led characteristics and predominantly follow either a domestic demand-led or an investment-driven economic development model.In light of China’s development practice,the country as a whole remains at the stage of a domestic demand-led economy.Given substantial regional disparities within the country,different regions should promote an adaptive transition of economic growth drivers toward a consumption-led economy in accordance with their specific economic conditions.
摘要The BRICS Economic and Trade Activities Forum was held by the Council for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT)in Beijing on April 24,with the theme of“BRICS Cooperation Empowering Global South Development:Co-building Standards,Integrating Trade,and Sharing Development.”More than 200 people attended the forum,including leaders of relevant Chinese and foreign standardization organizations,administrative authorities,business associations,enterprises and research institutes,and envoys from embassies of relevant countries to China.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71673141)。
摘要Rapid urbanization(UR)profoundly reshapes landscape patterns and modifies ecological functions,thereby affecting ecosystem services(ES).While previous research has explored this topic,studies examining the complex relationship between UR and ES indicators remain scarce.Taking the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB),China as a case study,this study integrates ecological modeling,Random Forest,geographically weighted regression,and bivariate local spatial autocorrelation to analyze the spatiotemporal relationships and interaction mechanisms between multidimensional UR indicators and multiple types of ES from 1980 to 2020.The results show that UR in the YREB follows a clear east-high,west-low gradient pattern,with economic and land urbanization growing notably faster than population urbanization.Among ES,water yield(WY),soil retention(SR),and carbon sequestration have all increased,while habitat quality(HQ)has remained generally stable with a slight decline.UR exerts nonlinear and spatially heterogeneous effects on ES,with SR and HQ negatively affected by population density(POPD)and urban land proportion(ULP),GDP density(GDPD)having positive effects,WY negatively influenced by POPD,net ecosystem productivity(NEP)negatively impacted by ULP,and other UR and ES indicators showing more complex patterns.The spatial interaction between UR and ES is largely characterized by a‘Low URHigh ES'pattern,which enables the functional division of the YREB into Ecological Conservation Areas,Ecological Enhancement Areas,Ecological Source Areas,and Ecological Restoration Areas.This study provides a scientific basis for coordinating regional development and ecological conservation by revealing the spatiotemporal feedback mechanisms within the UR-ES subsystem.The Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB),China was selected as the study area for this study.As an inland river economic belt with global influence and a pioneering demonstration zone for ecological civilization construction,the YREB has experienced rapid UR since China's reform and opening-up policy in 1978.By 2020,its GDP had reached 47.2 trillion CNY,accounting for about 46.4% of the national total,and its UR rate had exceeded 60%(National Bureau of Statistics of China,2021),making its development process a microcosm of China's broader economic transformation and a representative example of the global UR process.Importantly,the YREB exhibits a notable ecological gradient and UR development differences from west to east(Xu et al.,2021),encompassing both low-and highlevel city types in terms of UR and ES.This diversity provides a representative ideal region for exploring the dynamic changes of ES under different UR contexts.
摘要Policy support for the services sector has continued to gain momentum.China's latest Report on the Work of the Government released in March called for expanding investment in key service industries,while the country's first national conference dedicated to the services sector—now China's largest economic sector—in April underscored its growing strategic importance.As incomes rise and the economy becomes more sophisticated,services are expected to play an increasingly important role in driving economic growth.
摘要Looking back at how China successfully left no-one behind.IN an era when even once-proud industrialized nations battle to ensure jobs,pensions,and a secure future,the enviable story of a country that rose from a developing nation marked by widespread poverty to a global economic power in the short span of fifty years offers a ray of hope.
摘要The Chinese word韧性(rènxìng,resilience),which resonated deeply with the public in2025,ranked No.1 on the annual list of top10 Chinese buzzwords recently unveiled by Shanghai-based language and literature magazine Yaowen Jiaozi.Originating from the concept of being“pliant yet solid”,it embodies an unyielding spirit.In economics,resilience denotes the capacity to withstand,absorb,and recover from external shocks.
摘要China’s“two sessions,”convened in the first half of March this year,released important signals that the country will continue to promote high-quality development,expand high-standard opening-up,and strengthen scientific and technological innovation.As an important window for observing the direction of China’s economic policies,the annual sessions of the country’s top legislature and political advisory body have also highlighted significant opportunities for regional economic cooperation.
基金supported by European Commission and is a part of the HORIZON2020 project RES Heatfunding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 program in the field of research and innovation on the basis of grant agreement No.956255.
摘要Decarbonising the building sector,particularly residential heating,represents a critical challenge for achieving carbon-neutral energy systems.Efficient solutions must integrate both technological performance and renewable energy sources while considering operational constraints of existing systems.This study investigates a hybrid heating system combining a natural gas boiler(NGB)with an air-to-water heat pump(AWHP),evaluated through a combination of laboratory experiments and dynamic modelling.A prototype developed in the Electrical and Energy Engineering Laboratory enabled the characterization of both heat generators,the collection of experimental data,and the calibration of a MATLAB/Simulink model,including emissions and exhaust analyses.Sensitivity analyses were performed to identify optimal configurations for energy efficiency and system control,accounting for interactions between subsystems.Results highlight that hybridisation significantly improves primary energy efficiency and reduces fuel consumption compared to conventional NGB-only systems.Environmental performance,assessed through CO2 and NOx emissions and renewable energy integration,demonstrates the benefits of partial electrification in the residential sector.Economic assessment further quantifies decarbonization costs and fuel savings,illustrating tradeoffs between low-capital,moderate-performance systems and high-efficiency,high-renewable solutions requiring larger investments.The analysis shows that strategic decisions for residential decarbonisation cannot be separated from system-wide considerations,including control strategies,component integration,and economic feasibility.The study underlines the importance of hybrid and renewable-based solutions as pivotal pathways for energy transition in the residential building sector.
摘要The annual meetings of the 14th National People’s Congress(NPC)and the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC),known as the Two Sessions,were held in Beijing in March.Thousands of NPC deputies and CPPCC National Committee members from different regions and walks of life discussed national policies,economic plans and developmental goals.
基金supported by the Open Project of Shaanxi Laboratory for Agriculture in Arid Areas, China (2024ZYJCYJ-02-30)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFD2300205)the Key Research and Development Technology Projects in Shaanxi Province, China (2023-ZDLNY-01)。
摘要Winter wheat is a key staple crop in Northwest China,yet optimizing its productivity and economic returns remains a challenge due to water constraints and suboptimal planting densities.This study evaluates the combined effects of irrigation strategies and planting density(PD) on winter wheat yield,resource-use efficiency,and net economic benefits(NEB).A two-year field experiment was conducted under four irrigation treatments(I1,no irrigation;I2,before winter and jointing;I3,jointing;I4,jointing and anthesis) and three PD treatments(PD1,562.5×104 plants ha-1;PD2,375×104 plants ha-1;PD3,187.5×104 plants ha-1).Through field trials,we identified optimal water-saving irrigation regimes and planting densities that maximize grain yield while enhancing water productivity.Our results demonstrated that lower PD(187.5×104 plants ha-1) under reduced irrigation significantly improved dry matter accumulation(DMA),SPAD,and leaf area index(LAI),leading to higher grain yield.Moderate irrigation at the jointing stage(I3) enhanced grain yield in higher planting densities by up to 18.42% compared to other irrigation regimes,while the highest overall yield(6,310 kg ha-1) was achieved in medium PD under the I3 irrigation.Water-use efficiency(WUE) was significantly improved by reducing irrigation at specific growth stages,mitigating excessive evapotranspiration.PD3-I3 achieved the highest NEB,exceeding I1,I2,and I4 by11.9,18.4,and 16.4%,respectively,in 2022-2023 and by 15.1,14.0,and 8.4%,respectively,in 2023-2024.The findings provide practical insights for sustainable wheat production,ensuring higher profitability while conserving water resources.Implementing optimized irrigation and PD strategies offers a strategic pathway to improving food security and farm income in the semi-arid regions of Northwest China.