Sintering and coking are critical barriers to achieving high performance in dry reforming of methane(DRM)catalysts.A finely dispersed and thermostable Ni-based catalyst is the key to address these issues.By leveraging...Sintering and coking are critical barriers to achieving high performance in dry reforming of methane(DRM)catalysts.A finely dispersed and thermostable Ni-based catalyst is the key to address these issues.By leveraging the intrinsic superiorities of high-entropy oxides in high-temperature stability and low atomic diffusivity,in this study,a highly dispersed Ni-based catalyst is synthesized via an entropycontrolled exsolution of active components.By increasing the number of transition-metal elements in spinel oxides,the active metalsupport interaction(MSI)can be continuously strengthened,which controls the exsolution and thermal stability of Ni-based active metal in harsh reaction conditions of DRM.An optimized medium-entropy spinel(Mg0.4Ni0.2Co0.2Zn0.2)Al2O4with the exsolution of finely dispersed Ni–Co nanoparticles displayed superior activity and stability in thermal DRM at 800°C and photothermal DRM.This entropy-controlled MSI and exsolution principle provides a significant strategy for designing robust catalysts resistant to sintering and coking for high-temperature reactions like DRM in thermal and photothermal systems.展开更多
This study proposes a robust control strategy for semi-active air suspension systems(SASS)based on entropy theory.The multi-objective optimization of a system can be described as a long-term problem using entropy valu...This study proposes a robust control strategy for semi-active air suspension systems(SASS)based on entropy theory.The multi-objective optimization of a system can be described as a long-term problem using entropy values by innovatively introducing entropy theory.The state marginal probability of the SASS is incorporated into the reward function as the entropy value.This incorporation incentivizes the agent to focus on reducing the entropy value of the system state over a period of time during the exploration process,thereby reducing the degree of coupling between system states.This study also proposes an optimization strategy that introduces a state observer based on a variational auto-encoder.The observer can extract environmental features from historical states and expand the dimension of the state,thereby enhancing the generalization performance of the system under different road excitations.Bench test results show that the algorithm improves ride comfort while ensuring robustness.The root mean square(RMS)of body vertical acceleration decreased by 13.01%,while the RMS of dynamic tyre displacement only increased by 2.36%.展开更多
Developing alternative electrolytes with enhanced ionic conductivity is crucial to reducing the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)for broader applications.Entropy engineering offers many opportunit...Developing alternative electrolytes with enhanced ionic conductivity is crucial to reducing the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)for broader applications.Entropy engineering offers many opportunities for material design,presenting a promising avenue to develop new electrolytes.In this work,two new ceria-based electrolytes,the medium-entropy Sm0.25La0.25Pr0.25Ce0.25O2-δ(SLPC25)and low-entropy Sm0.05La0.05Pr0.05Ce0.85O2-δ(SLPC5)are designed for low-temperature SOFCs using the entropy engineering strategy,with pure CeO2as a reference.It is found that higher configurational entropy leads to enriched oxygen vacancies in the two oxides and thus enhances the ionic transport,which is verified through material characterizations,density functional theory calculations,and cell performance tests.The medium-entropy SLPC25exhibits superior cell performance(836 mW cm-2)and improved ionic conductivity(0.09 S cm-1)at 520℃as compared to those of the low-entropy SLPC5 and CeO2.Further investigation confirms the hybrid proton-oxygen ion conduction and good fuel cell stability of the SLPC25 electrolyte.This study indicates that higher entropy enhances the ionic conductivity and cell performance of ceria-based electrolytes.The entropy engineering strategy used here holds significant potential to develop advanced electrolytes for low-temperature SOFCs.展开更多
The accumulation and spread of agricultural environmental pollutants pose a serious threat to the ecological environment and crop growth.Accurately predicting changes in pollutant concentrations is of great significan...The accumulation and spread of agricultural environmental pollutants pose a serious threat to the ecological environment and crop growth.Accurately predicting changes in pollutant concentrations is of great significance for achieving sustainable agricultural development.In response to the challenges of predicting pollutant concentrations in agricultural environments,this paper proposes a novel hybrid deep learning model.The variational mode decomposition algorithm is used to process raw data,reducing nonlinearity and enhancing feature distinguishability.A double-layer attention mechanism based on sample entropy evaluates sub-sequences and focuses on key regions,further improving the predictive performance of the model.Finally,a long short-term memory neural network is used to obtain prediction results.In time series prediction experiments involving multiple pollutants,the proposed method demonstrated the needed stability and accuracy.Experimental results indicate that,compared to existing methods,this approach achieves a minimum improvement of 4.8%in mean absolute error and 23.5%in mean absolute percentage error for predicting concentrations of three pollutants.Also,the root mean square error of predictions is reduced by up to 29.1%.This study provides reliable technical support for agricultural environmental pollutant monitoring.With mean absolute errors of 5.92,6.85,and 2.38 for CO,non-methane hydrocarbons and NO2 predictions respectively,it accurately predicts pollutant variation risks.In the future,it can be deployed on mobile robot platforms to achieve automatic monitoring and early warning,thereby promoting the development of smart agriculture.展开更多
Seismic resilience(SR)has emerged as a critical focus in earthquake engineering to evaluate the ability of structures to endure,recover from,and adapt to seismic events.This study presents an entropy-based multicriter...Seismic resilience(SR)has emerged as a critical focus in earthquake engineering to evaluate the ability of structures to endure,recover from,and adapt to seismic events.This study presents an entropy-based multicriteria approach for selecting optimal intensity measures(IMs)to assess SR of structures.Eight representative IMs,derived from time histories and response spectrum are evaluated.Incremental dynamic analysis is con-ducted on a reinforced concrete structure,using engineering demand parameters such as the maximum interstory drift and floor acceleration to generate fragility curves via a probabilistic seismic demand model.The optimal IMs are identified through a multi-criteria decision-making process,with scores calculated using the entropy weight method to incorporate factors such as efficiency,proficiency,and uncertainty based on infor-mation entropy.An effective SR framework is derived from fragility results.The findings indicate that peak ground velocity and spectral IMs are the most effective,while energy-related IMs underestimate SR.The study highlights the importance of optimizing IMs for more accurate seismic resilience assessments.The proposed entropy-based multi-criteria approach is shown to be both reliable and effective for selecting optimal IMs in this context.展开更多
High-entropy alloys(HEAs)are recognized for their unique struc-tures and broad compositional flexibility,making them promising ma-terials for electrocatalysis[1].These multi-element systems offer exceptional activity ...High-entropy alloys(HEAs)are recognized for their unique struc-tures and broad compositional flexibility,making them promising ma-terials for electrocatalysis[1].These multi-element systems offer exceptional activity and durability in key energy conversion processes,including methanol oxidation and CO2reduction[2].展开更多
One-dimensional ensemble dispersion entropy(EDE1D)is an effective nonlinear dynamic analysis method for complexity measurement of time series.However,it is only restricted to assessing the complexity of one-di-mension...One-dimensional ensemble dispersion entropy(EDE1D)is an effective nonlinear dynamic analysis method for complexity measurement of time series.However,it is only restricted to assessing the complexity of one-di-mensional time series(TS1d)with the extracted complexity features only at a single scale.Aiming at these problems,a new nonlinear dynamic analysis method termed two-dimensional composite multi-scale ensemble Gramian dispersion entropy(CMEGDE2D)is proposed in this paper.First,the TS1D is transformed into a two-dimensional image(I2D)by using Gramian angular fields(GAF)with more internal data structures and geometri features,which preserve the global characteristics and time dependence of vibration signals.Second,the I2D is analyzed at multiple scales through the composite coarse-graining method,which overcomes the limitation of a single scale and provides greater stability compared to traditional coarse-graining methods.Subsequently,a new fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing is proposed based on the proposed CMEGDE2D for fault feature ex-traction and the chicken swarm algorithm optimized support vector machine(CsO-SvM)for fault pattern identification.The simulation signals and two data sets of rolling bearings are utilized to verify the effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnosis method.The results demonstrate that the proposed method has stronger dis-crimination ability,higher fault diagnosis accuracy and better stability than the other compared methods.展开更多
Ship radiated noise(SRN)is an important source of information for passive sonar systems to identify ship targets.Passive sonar detection and recognition of underwater targets have become increasingly difficult due to ...Ship radiated noise(SRN)is an important source of information for passive sonar systems to identify ship targets.Passive sonar detection and recognition of underwater targets have become increasingly difficult due to the continuous improvement of the ability of underwater acoustic targets to reduce shock and noise.To address this issue,this paper proposes a method for underwater acoustic target recognition that combines the time-domain,frequency-domain,and entropy features of radiated noise.The entropy features exhibit low computational complexity and strong noise robustness,making them highly suitable for quantifying the complexity of SRN signals.Unlike existing studies that focus only on the fusion of entropy metrics,we proposed a multi-frequency-band entropy-based feature combination,which significantly enhances noise robustness while reducing computational complexity.The proposed method combines the permutation entropy(PE)from full frequency band,envelope entropy(EE)from 4−8 kHz frequency band,and spectral entropy(SE)from 0.01−0.1 kHz frequency band with time-domain features(mean and variance)and frequency-domain features(spectral centroid,kurtosis,and variance).The above features were extracted from the DeepShip dataset and input into different classifiers,including random forest(RF),AdaBoost,convolutional neural networks(CNN)and other machine learning classifiers,to verify the effectiveness of the features.The experimental results showed that the proposed method achieved the recognition accuracy of 85.92%and 86.59%on the RF and AdaBoost models,respectively.Although the CNN model was included only as a structural baseline,it still outperformed mainstream deep learning models with the accuracy of 80.71%.In addition,ocean background noise interference was introduced into the experimental data to verify the robustness of the proposed method and compared the results of the proposed method with existing mainstream methods.The results showed that the proposed method exhibited a better recognition performance.展开更多
Public-Private Partnership(PPP)models play a pivotal role in advancing infrastructure development at the local level,particularly in town and rural areas.Scientific,comprehensive,and objective performance evaluation o...Public-Private Partnership(PPP)models play a pivotal role in advancing infrastructure development at the local level,particularly in town and rural areas.Scientific,comprehensive,and objective performance evaluation of such projects is crucial for optimizing resource allocation and enhancing long-term sustainability.This study introduces the Environmental,Social,and Governance(ESG)framework to construct a multidimensional evaluation index system.The Entropy Method is employed to determine objective indicator weights,combined with the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS),to evaluate several typical local town and rural PPP construction projects in Guangdong.The evaluation results clearly demonstrate project performance rankings,identify key strengths and weaknesses,and provide theoretical and practical references for project performance management and ESG-oriented optimization of PPP models.展开更多
Against the backdrop of the digital economy becoming a core engine for highquality regional economic development and Shandong accelerating the construction of a digital province,this paper identifies the industrial li...Against the backdrop of the digital economy becoming a core engine for highquality regional economic development and Shandong accelerating the construction of a digital province,this paper identifies the industrial life cycle of Shandong’s digital economy from 2011 to 2025 using the Logistic model.An evaluation index system is established covering four dimensions:digital infrastructure,digital industrialization,industrial digitalization,and digital governance.With the entropy weight method,it measures the digital economy development level of 16 prefecture-level cities in Shandong from 2020 to 2024 and analyzes its temporal and spatial evolution.The results show that Shandong’s digital economy is in the early growth stage,with a saturation value of 1,3986.552 billion yuan and projected growth peak in 2027.All cities achieved steady development,while the gap between leading and lagging cities widened slightly with an obvious Matthew effect.A stable three-tier spatial pattern has formed,featuring a layout of stronger east,weaker west,faster south,slower north.Industrial digitalization and digital governance serve as core driving forces,and the growth driver has shifted from infrastructure to industrial integration and technological innovation.Corresponding policy suggestions are put forward to support the balanced and high-quality development of Shandong’s digital economy.展开更多
Tree trunk sap flow is jointly affected by environmental factors and physiological mechanisms,showing nonlinear and random characteristics,which makes it difficult for traditional methods to achieve high-precision pre...Tree trunk sap flow is jointly affected by environmental factors and physiological mechanisms,showing nonlinear and random characteristics,which makes it difficult for traditional methods to achieve high-precision prediction.To address this problem,this paper introduces CEEMDAN to decompose the sap flow sequence at multiple scales,combines Copula entropy and signal energy to construct a modal component reconstruction strategy,and further uses LSTM to realize prediction.Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves 0.6759 and 0.9755 in MAPE and R2 indicators respectively,which is superior to the comparison models,providing a new idea for sap flow prediction and transpiration flux estimation.展开更多
Nickel-based superalloys(Ni-based superalloys)have attracted extensive attention in laser additive manufacturing(LAM)due to their capability to directly fabricate complex and high-performance structural components.How...Nickel-based superalloys(Ni-based superalloys)have attracted extensive attention in laser additive manufacturing(LAM)due to their capability to directly fabricate complex and high-performance structural components.However,the rapid melting and solidification inherent to LAM result in intense thermal cycling,which induces high residual stresses and microstructural heterogeneity within the fabricated parts.Among them,cracks,as the most destructive defects,can have a typical crack density of over five per mm2 without optimized processes.Moreover,the sudden failures of components caused by cracks account for more than 40%of the total failures of additively manufactured nickel-based superalloy components.They can rapidly expand along grain boundaries or brittle phases,significantly weakening the mechanical properties of components and causing sudden failures.To achieve highly reliable additive manufacturing components,it is essential to conduct in-depth research on the types,formation mechanisms of cracks in Ni-based superalloys,and their relationships with microstructure,residual stress,etc.This paper systematically reviews the crack characteristics and formation mechanisms of Ni-based superalloys during the laser additive manufacturing process,post-manufacturing,and service stages and comprehensively summarizes the current mainstream crack suppression strategies,specifically including process parameter optimization,residual stress regulation,alloy composition design,and subsequent post-treatment technologies,as well as incorporating emerging machine learning-assisted methods.The review aims to provide theoretical insights and technical guidance toward the development of crack-free Ni-based superalloy components fabricated by laser additive manufacturing.展开更多
An improved algorithm for traffic sign detection based on YOLOv8 is proposed. Firstly, YOLOv8n is used as the base model of the network, the inverted residual mobile block and exponential moving average(iRMB_EMA) atte...An improved algorithm for traffic sign detection based on YOLOv8 is proposed. Firstly, YOLOv8n is used as the base model of the network, the inverted residual mobile block and exponential moving average(iRMB_EMA) attention mechanism is used to improve the model's ability to perceive small targets, which reduces the leakage detection phenomenon of the model, convolution(Conv) is upgraded to receptive-field attention convolution(RFAConv), which improves the model's ability to deal with details and complexity in the image, the idea of adaptive spatial feature fusion(ASFF) is introduced in the detection head, and the small target detection layer, a four-head detection head is designed to improve the model's ability to detect small targets, solves the case of feature loss due to cross-scale fusion, and use of the Inner-minimum points distance intersection over union(MPDIoU) loss function provides a more accurate loss metric by calculating the distance of key points between the predicted and true frames. The experimental results of this algorithm on the public dataset CCTSDB show that the improved model mean average precision(m AP) reaches 82.6%, which is 4% higher than the YOLOv8n. The experimental results of dataset TT100k show that the m AP reaches 84.5%, which is 7.1% higher than the YOLOv8n. This algorithm effectively improves the problem of detail perception and leakage of the model in the detection of small targets, and has a significant detection effect compared to other algorithms.展开更多
Hydrogen(H2)plays a crucial part in the building of clean and sustainable energy systems due to its advantages of being renewable,clean,and pollution-free.Nevertheless,the secure and effective production-storage-tr...Hydrogen(H2)plays a crucial part in the building of clean and sustainable energy systems due to its advantages of being renewable,clean,and pollution-free.Nevertheless,the secure and effective production-storage-transportation of H2 presents critical challenges.Carbon-based(e.g.,HCOOH),boron-based(e.g.,NaBH4,NH3BH3,and N2H4BH3),and nitrogen-based(e.g.,N2H4·H2O and NH3)chemical hydrides are considered to be prospective chemical hydrogen storage materials that effectively avoid the problems of storage and transportation of H2.The exploration of advanced catalysts with specific selectivity,satisfactory activity,and excellent chemical stability is essential for H2 production from the abovementioned chemical hydrides.Cu-based catalysts are broadly applied in the dehydrogenation of chemical hydrides for H2 production owing to their properties of cost-effectiveness,unique filled electronic configuration,and appropriate surface adsorption energy.Here,we review and highlight advanced Cu-based heterogeneous catalysts(e.g.,monometallic,bimetallic,and multimetallic catalysts,single-atom catalysts,and photocatalysts)for efficient H2 production from the dehydrogenation of carbon-based,boron-based,and nitrogen-based chemical hydrides.Finally,primary challenges and future prospects of Cu-based heterogeneous catalysts for efficient H2 production from the dehydrogenation of chemical hydrides are also discussed.展开更多
With the development of methods for predicting extreme hydrological elements using probabilistic approaches,several commonly used methods have emerged for analyzing the risk of storm surge disasters,including the Annu...With the development of methods for predicting extreme hydrological elements using probabilistic approaches,several commonly used methods have emerged for analyzing the risk of storm surge disasters,including the Annual Maxima method,the Peak-Over-Threshold method,the Gumbel distribution,and the Weibull distribution.Meanwhile,and emphases have been placed on assessing and comparing the applicability and stability of these various methods.To evaluate the rationality of different methods,we an entropy uncertainty analysis method was introduced based on information utilization efficiency,in which the sample Stochastic uncertainty is measured by the ratio of information entropy before and after sampling,i.e.,the information extraction efficiency of the sampling method.Additionally,the cognitive uncertainty of the research method is assessed by the ratio of mutual information between the model and the sample to the information entropy of the sample,i.e.,the information extraction efficiency of the mathematical model.Furthermore,we incorporated the group probability calculation method,information entropy and mutual information theory to analyze and calculate the entropy uncertainty more accurately.By applying this analysis to the design wave height and the recurrence period projected in the sea area west Guangdong of China,we believed that the most reasonable hazard assessment method shall be based on the over-threshold method combined with the Pareto distribution.Conversely,the assessment method based on the process extreme value method is deemed insufficiently reasonable and requires further research.展开更多
Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic psychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 0.7%–1%worldwide[1].Aripiprazole is widely used for schizophrenia treatment,and known as a dopamine system stabil...Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic psychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 0.7%–1%worldwide[1].Aripiprazole is widely used for schizophrenia treatment,and known as a dopamine system stabilizer due to its partial agonist activity as the dopamine-2(D2)and serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A(5-HT1A)receptors,as well as antagonist action at the 5-HT2A receptors[2].The investigational microsphere-based aripiprazole injection in this study is a novel long-acting formulation designed to optimize the release profile at the dose of 350 mg monthly.The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics,efficacy,and safety of the microsphere-based formulation,particularly the fluctuations in the peak-to-trough plasma concentration ratio.展开更多
The creep anisotropy of a duplex Mg-9Li-4Al-1Zn(LAZ941)alloy,possessing a lamellar microstructure with both geometric and mechanical heterogeneity,was systematically investigated.The minimum creep rate and fracture be...The creep anisotropy of a duplex Mg-9Li-4Al-1Zn(LAZ941)alloy,possessing a lamellar microstructure with both geometric and mechanical heterogeneity,was systematically investigated.The minimum creep rate and fracture behavior were dependent on the geometric relationship between the tensile stress axis and the phase boundaries.Specifically,the creep resistance was superior when the stress axis was parallel to the phase boundaries compared to the perpendicular orientation.This anisotropy was found to originate from the distinct mechanical responses of the layered microstructure,which can be consistently explained by a composite theory.When loaded parallel to the phase boundaries,the hard and soft phases deform under an isostrain condition.As a result,the macroscopic creep behavior is strongly influenced by the more creep-resistant α phase,leading to a low creep rate and a stress exponent approaching that of the α phase.Conversely,when loaded perpendicular to the phase boundaries,the constituent phases deform under an isostress condition.This concentrates strain within the softer β phase,resulting in a high creep rate and a stress exponent approaching that of the β phase.These findings provide a foundational framework for the composite-theory-based design of materials possessing a lamellar structure.展开更多
Lead halide perovskites and carbon-based materials are interesting,high-performing electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.However,only a few studies have been carried out to examine in detail the electromagnetic wav...Lead halide perovskites and carbon-based materials are interesting,high-performing electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.However,only a few studies have been carried out to examine in detail the electromagnetic wave absorption properties of these materials.Moreover,because most perovskites contain lead and have low structural stabilities,concerns exist about the potential environmental and biological toxicity impacts associated with their use.In this effort,we demonstrate for the first time that the novel,non-toxic,and lead-free inorganic halide perovskite Cs2SnI6 absorbs electromagnetic waves.Specifically,we show that the SnI4-derived Cs2SnI6 perovskite can be synthesized by using a one-step solution-based method and that it has an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.4 GHz at a thickness of 1.9 mm.The outstanding performance profile of this material is attributed to dipole-like oscillation of cations and anions within Cs2SnI6 under alternating electromagnetic wave fields caused by mismatched motion of phases having different charges and masses that leads to dipole polarization.Furthermore,an investigation of sources for this effect provides valuable insights into the interrelationship that exists between impedance matching characteristics and electromagnetic wave absorption performance,which should highly benefit future designs of novel halide perovskite-based absorbing materials.展开更多
Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products(e.g.,C2+ ,ethene,ethanol,etc.)not only effectively decreases the CO2 concentration in atmosphere but also shows great potential economic benefits due ...Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products(e.g.,C2+ ,ethene,ethanol,etc.)not only effectively decreases the CO2 concentration in atmosphere but also shows great potential economic benefits due to these exploitable value-added products.The Cu-based catalysts have caught much attention in CO2 electroreduction due to the good selectivity to hydrocarbons products.However,designing appropriate Cu-based catalysts is desirable to further improve the energy efficiency and selectivity of specific C2+ product.In this review,primary pathways of CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products are first discussed to summarize the key elementary steps of C2+ products formation.Subsequently,various strategies of catalytic activity regulation of Cu-based catalysts are classified into geometric and electronic structures modification based on the inner correlation between these strategies and the mechanism of C2+ products formation.The review ends with a cross-scale perspective that links the selectivity enhancement of a specific C2+ product and the target design of Cu-based catalysts.展开更多
The inherent unpredictability of renewable energy generation poses significant challenges to the reliable and economic dispatch of grid-connected microgrids.In response,this paper proposes a novel robust optimization ...The inherent unpredictability of renewable energy generation poses significant challenges to the reliable and economic dispatch of grid-connected microgrids.In response,this paper proposes a novel robust optimization strategy grounded in uncertain boundary decision-making and enhanced through innovations in the multi-objective cross-entropy method.An uncertainty budget-aware environmental economic dispatch model is first established,integrating photovoltaic and wind power generation.By employing mathematical sophistication-particularly Lagrangian transformation-the proposed method effectively resolves embedded uncertainties,transforming the original model into a deterministic multi-objective optimization framework robust against renewable energy volatility.Furthermore,by incorporating the dynamic operational demands of microgrids,this paper culminates in a robust optimization approach that is both fundamentally based on and adaptively responsive to uncertainty boundaries.To address the critical challenges of convergence and diversity in multi-objective optimization,crossover operators and an adaptive parameter update mechanism are introduced,significantly refining the conventional multi-objective cross-entropy algorithm.Case studies demonstrate the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed dispatch strategy and corroborate the superior performance and applicability of the enhanced algorithm.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB4104600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52572313)+1 种基金Tangshan Talent Funding Project(A202202007)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission under Grant No.20231120185819001。
摘要Sintering and coking are critical barriers to achieving high performance in dry reforming of methane(DRM)catalysts.A finely dispersed and thermostable Ni-based catalyst is the key to address these issues.By leveraging the intrinsic superiorities of high-entropy oxides in high-temperature stability and low atomic diffusivity,in this study,a highly dispersed Ni-based catalyst is synthesized via an entropycontrolled exsolution of active components.By increasing the number of transition-metal elements in spinel oxides,the active metalsupport interaction(MSI)can be continuously strengthened,which controls the exsolution and thermal stability of Ni-based active metal in harsh reaction conditions of DRM.An optimized medium-entropy spinel(Mg0.4Ni0.2Co0.2Zn0.2)Al2O4with the exsolution of finely dispersed Ni–Co nanoparticles displayed superior activity and stability in thermal DRM at 800°C and photothermal DRM.This entropy-controlled MSI and exsolution principle provides a significant strategy for designing robust catalysts resistant to sintering and coking for high-temperature reactions like DRM in thermal and photothermal systems.
基金supported by the Science Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle(Grant No.82315002).
摘要This study proposes a robust control strategy for semi-active air suspension systems(SASS)based on entropy theory.The multi-objective optimization of a system can be described as a long-term problem using entropy values by innovatively introducing entropy theory.The state marginal probability of the SASS is incorporated into the reward function as the entropy value.This incorporation incentivizes the agent to focus on reducing the entropy value of the system state over a period of time during the exploration process,thereby reducing the degree of coupling between system states.This study also proposes an optimization strategy that introduces a state observer based on a variational auto-encoder.The observer can extract environmental features from historical states and expand the dimension of the state,thereby enhancing the generalization performance of the system under different road excitations.Bench test results show that the algorithm improves ride comfort while ensuring robustness.The root mean square(RMS)of body vertical acceleration decreased by 13.01%,while the RMS of dynamic tyre displacement only increased by 2.36%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22109022)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2242022k30063)+2 种基金Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2024AFB1042)the innovation group project of the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(Grant No.2024AFA037)the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.SJCX23_0061)。
摘要Developing alternative electrolytes with enhanced ionic conductivity is crucial to reducing the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)for broader applications.Entropy engineering offers many opportunities for material design,presenting a promising avenue to develop new electrolytes.In this work,two new ceria-based electrolytes,the medium-entropy Sm0.25La0.25Pr0.25Ce0.25O2-δ(SLPC25)and low-entropy Sm0.05La0.05Pr0.05Ce0.85O2-δ(SLPC5)are designed for low-temperature SOFCs using the entropy engineering strategy,with pure CeO2as a reference.It is found that higher configurational entropy leads to enriched oxygen vacancies in the two oxides and thus enhances the ionic transport,which is verified through material characterizations,density functional theory calculations,and cell performance tests.The medium-entropy SLPC25exhibits superior cell performance(836 mW cm-2)and improved ionic conductivity(0.09 S cm-1)at 520℃as compared to those of the low-entropy SLPC5 and CeO2.Further investigation confirms the hybrid proton-oxygen ion conduction and good fuel cell stability of the SLPC25 electrolyte.This study indicates that higher entropy enhances the ionic conductivity and cell performance of ceria-based electrolytes.The entropy engineering strategy used here holds significant potential to develop advanced electrolytes for low-temperature SOFCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072412).
摘要The accumulation and spread of agricultural environmental pollutants pose a serious threat to the ecological environment and crop growth.Accurately predicting changes in pollutant concentrations is of great significance for achieving sustainable agricultural development.In response to the challenges of predicting pollutant concentrations in agricultural environments,this paper proposes a novel hybrid deep learning model.The variational mode decomposition algorithm is used to process raw data,reducing nonlinearity and enhancing feature distinguishability.A double-layer attention mechanism based on sample entropy evaluates sub-sequences and focuses on key regions,further improving the predictive performance of the model.Finally,a long short-term memory neural network is used to obtain prediction results.In time series prediction experiments involving multiple pollutants,the proposed method demonstrated the needed stability and accuracy.Experimental results indicate that,compared to existing methods,this approach achieves a minimum improvement of 4.8%in mean absolute error and 23.5%in mean absolute percentage error for predicting concentrations of three pollutants.Also,the root mean square error of predictions is reduced by up to 29.1%.This study provides reliable technical support for agricultural environmental pollutant monitoring.With mean absolute errors of 5.92,6.85,and 2.38 for CO,non-methane hydrocarbons and NO2 predictions respectively,it accurately predicts pollutant variation risks.In the future,it can be deployed on mobile robot platforms to achieve automatic monitoring and early warning,thereby promoting the development of smart agriculture.
基金partly supported by Engineering Partners Inter-national,LLC,Richfield,MN 55423(PC13803,482842-58309).
摘要Seismic resilience(SR)has emerged as a critical focus in earthquake engineering to evaluate the ability of structures to endure,recover from,and adapt to seismic events.This study presents an entropy-based multicriteria approach for selecting optimal intensity measures(IMs)to assess SR of structures.Eight representative IMs,derived from time histories and response spectrum are evaluated.Incremental dynamic analysis is con-ducted on a reinforced concrete structure,using engineering demand parameters such as the maximum interstory drift and floor acceleration to generate fragility curves via a probabilistic seismic demand model.The optimal IMs are identified through a multi-criteria decision-making process,with scores calculated using the entropy weight method to incorporate factors such as efficiency,proficiency,and uncertainty based on infor-mation entropy.An effective SR framework is derived from fragility results.The findings indicate that peak ground velocity and spectral IMs are the most effective,while energy-related IMs underestimate SR.The study highlights the importance of optimizing IMs for more accurate seismic resilience assessments.The proposed entropy-based multi-criteria approach is shown to be both reliable and effective for selecting optimal IMs in this context.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Youth Program,No.22309209)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ40709).
摘要High-entropy alloys(HEAs)are recognized for their unique struc-tures and broad compositional flexibility,making them promising ma-terials for electrocatalysis[1].These multi-element systems offer exceptional activity and durability in key energy conversion processes,including methanol oxidation and CO2reduction[2].
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51975004)the Outstanding Youth Fund of Universities in Anhui Province of China(Grant No.2022AH020032).
摘要One-dimensional ensemble dispersion entropy(EDE1D)is an effective nonlinear dynamic analysis method for complexity measurement of time series.However,it is only restricted to assessing the complexity of one-di-mensional time series(TS1d)with the extracted complexity features only at a single scale.Aiming at these problems,a new nonlinear dynamic analysis method termed two-dimensional composite multi-scale ensemble Gramian dispersion entropy(CMEGDE2D)is proposed in this paper.First,the TS1D is transformed into a two-dimensional image(I2D)by using Gramian angular fields(GAF)with more internal data structures and geometri features,which preserve the global characteristics and time dependence of vibration signals.Second,the I2D is analyzed at multiple scales through the composite coarse-graining method,which overcomes the limitation of a single scale and provides greater stability compared to traditional coarse-graining methods.Subsequently,a new fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing is proposed based on the proposed CMEGDE2D for fault feature ex-traction and the chicken swarm algorithm optimized support vector machine(CsO-SvM)for fault pattern identification.The simulation signals and two data sets of rolling bearings are utilized to verify the effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnosis method.The results demonstrate that the proposed method has stronger dis-crimination ability,higher fault diagnosis accuracy and better stability than the other compared methods.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.61601206。
摘要Ship radiated noise(SRN)is an important source of information for passive sonar systems to identify ship targets.Passive sonar detection and recognition of underwater targets have become increasingly difficult due to the continuous improvement of the ability of underwater acoustic targets to reduce shock and noise.To address this issue,this paper proposes a method for underwater acoustic target recognition that combines the time-domain,frequency-domain,and entropy features of radiated noise.The entropy features exhibit low computational complexity and strong noise robustness,making them highly suitable for quantifying the complexity of SRN signals.Unlike existing studies that focus only on the fusion of entropy metrics,we proposed a multi-frequency-band entropy-based feature combination,which significantly enhances noise robustness while reducing computational complexity.The proposed method combines the permutation entropy(PE)from full frequency band,envelope entropy(EE)from 4−8 kHz frequency band,and spectral entropy(SE)from 0.01−0.1 kHz frequency band with time-domain features(mean and variance)and frequency-domain features(spectral centroid,kurtosis,and variance).The above features were extracted from the DeepShip dataset and input into different classifiers,including random forest(RF),AdaBoost,convolutional neural networks(CNN)and other machine learning classifiers,to verify the effectiveness of the features.The experimental results showed that the proposed method achieved the recognition accuracy of 85.92%and 86.59%on the RF and AdaBoost models,respectively.Although the CNN model was included only as a structural baseline,it still outperformed mainstream deep learning models with the accuracy of 80.71%.In addition,ocean background noise interference was introduced into the experimental data to verify the robustness of the proposed method and compared the results of the proposed method with existing mainstream methods.The results showed that the proposed method exhibited a better recognition performance.
基金Scientific Research Fund of Zhaoqing University(Grant No.BQW202406)。
摘要Public-Private Partnership(PPP)models play a pivotal role in advancing infrastructure development at the local level,particularly in town and rural areas.Scientific,comprehensive,and objective performance evaluation of such projects is crucial for optimizing resource allocation and enhancing long-term sustainability.This study introduces the Environmental,Social,and Governance(ESG)framework to construct a multidimensional evaluation index system.The Entropy Method is employed to determine objective indicator weights,combined with the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS),to evaluate several typical local town and rural PPP construction projects in Guangdong.The evaluation results clearly demonstrate project performance rankings,identify key strengths and weaknesses,and provide theoretical and practical references for project performance management and ESG-oriented optimization of PPP models.
摘要Against the backdrop of the digital economy becoming a core engine for highquality regional economic development and Shandong accelerating the construction of a digital province,this paper identifies the industrial life cycle of Shandong’s digital economy from 2011 to 2025 using the Logistic model.An evaluation index system is established covering four dimensions:digital infrastructure,digital industrialization,industrial digitalization,and digital governance.With the entropy weight method,it measures the digital economy development level of 16 prefecture-level cities in Shandong from 2020 to 2024 and analyzes its temporal and spatial evolution.The results show that Shandong’s digital economy is in the early growth stage,with a saturation value of 1,3986.552 billion yuan and projected growth peak in 2027.All cities achieved steady development,while the gap between leading and lagging cities widened slightly with an obvious Matthew effect.A stable three-tier spatial pattern has formed,featuring a layout of stronger east,weaker west,faster south,slower north.Industrial digitalization and digital governance serve as core driving forces,and the growth driver has shifted from infrastructure to industrial integration and technological innovation.Corresponding policy suggestions are put forward to support the balanced and high-quality development of Shandong’s digital economy.
摘要Tree trunk sap flow is jointly affected by environmental factors and physiological mechanisms,showing nonlinear and random characteristics,which makes it difficult for traditional methods to achieve high-precision prediction.To address this problem,this paper introduces CEEMDAN to decompose the sap flow sequence at multiple scales,combines Copula entropy and signal energy to construct a modal component reconstruction strategy,and further uses LSTM to realize prediction.Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves 0.6759 and 0.9755 in MAPE and R2 indicators respectively,which is superior to the comparison models,providing a new idea for sap flow prediction and transpiration flux estimation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52371014)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.JCYJ20230807091401004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.20720230036)。
摘要Nickel-based superalloys(Ni-based superalloys)have attracted extensive attention in laser additive manufacturing(LAM)due to their capability to directly fabricate complex and high-performance structural components.However,the rapid melting and solidification inherent to LAM result in intense thermal cycling,which induces high residual stresses and microstructural heterogeneity within the fabricated parts.Among them,cracks,as the most destructive defects,can have a typical crack density of over five per mm2 without optimized processes.Moreover,the sudden failures of components caused by cracks account for more than 40%of the total failures of additively manufactured nickel-based superalloy components.They can rapidly expand along grain boundaries or brittle phases,significantly weakening the mechanical properties of components and causing sudden failures.To achieve highly reliable additive manufacturing components,it is essential to conduct in-depth research on the types,formation mechanisms of cracks in Ni-based superalloys,and their relationships with microstructure,residual stress,etc.This paper systematically reviews the crack characteristics and formation mechanisms of Ni-based superalloys during the laser additive manufacturing process,post-manufacturing,and service stages and comprehensively summarizes the current mainstream crack suppression strategies,specifically including process parameter optimization,residual stress regulation,alloy composition design,and subsequent post-treatment technologies,as well as incorporating emerging machine learning-assisted methods.The review aims to provide theoretical insights and technical guidance toward the development of crack-free Ni-based superalloy components fabricated by laser additive manufacturing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61961037)。
摘要An improved algorithm for traffic sign detection based on YOLOv8 is proposed. Firstly, YOLOv8n is used as the base model of the network, the inverted residual mobile block and exponential moving average(iRMB_EMA) attention mechanism is used to improve the model's ability to perceive small targets, which reduces the leakage detection phenomenon of the model, convolution(Conv) is upgraded to receptive-field attention convolution(RFAConv), which improves the model's ability to deal with details and complexity in the image, the idea of adaptive spatial feature fusion(ASFF) is introduced in the detection head, and the small target detection layer, a four-head detection head is designed to improve the model's ability to detect small targets, solves the case of feature loss due to cross-scale fusion, and use of the Inner-minimum points distance intersection over union(MPDIoU) loss function provides a more accurate loss metric by calculating the distance of key points between the predicted and true frames. The experimental results of this algorithm on the public dataset CCTSDB show that the improved model mean average precision(m AP) reaches 82.6%, which is 4% higher than the YOLOv8n. The experimental results of dataset TT100k show that the m AP reaches 84.5%, which is 7.1% higher than the YOLOv8n. This algorithm effectively improves the problem of detail perception and leakage of the model in the detection of small targets, and has a significant detection effect compared to other algorithms.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22162014 and U24A2044)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.20252BAC250037)。
摘要Hydrogen(H2)plays a crucial part in the building of clean and sustainable energy systems due to its advantages of being renewable,clean,and pollution-free.Nevertheless,the secure and effective production-storage-transportation of H2 presents critical challenges.Carbon-based(e.g.,HCOOH),boron-based(e.g.,NaBH4,NH3BH3,and N2H4BH3),and nitrogen-based(e.g.,N2H4·H2O and NH3)chemical hydrides are considered to be prospective chemical hydrogen storage materials that effectively avoid the problems of storage and transportation of H2.The exploration of advanced catalysts with specific selectivity,satisfactory activity,and excellent chemical stability is essential for H2 production from the abovementioned chemical hydrides.Cu-based catalysts are broadly applied in the dehydrogenation of chemical hydrides for H2 production owing to their properties of cost-effectiveness,unique filled electronic configuration,and appropriate surface adsorption energy.Here,we review and highlight advanced Cu-based heterogeneous catalysts(e.g.,monometallic,bimetallic,and multimetallic catalysts,single-atom catalysts,and photocatalysts)for efficient H2 production from the dehydrogenation of carbon-based,boron-based,and nitrogen-based chemical hydrides.Finally,primary challenges and future prospects of Cu-based heterogeneous catalysts for efficient H2 production from the dehydrogenation of chemical hydrides are also discussed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52071306)。
摘要With the development of methods for predicting extreme hydrological elements using probabilistic approaches,several commonly used methods have emerged for analyzing the risk of storm surge disasters,including the Annual Maxima method,the Peak-Over-Threshold method,the Gumbel distribution,and the Weibull distribution.Meanwhile,and emphases have been placed on assessing and comparing the applicability and stability of these various methods.To evaluate the rationality of different methods,we an entropy uncertainty analysis method was introduced based on information utilization efficiency,in which the sample Stochastic uncertainty is measured by the ratio of information entropy before and after sampling,i.e.,the information extraction efficiency of the sampling method.Additionally,the cognitive uncertainty of the research method is assessed by the ratio of mutual information between the model and the sample to the information entropy of the sample,i.e.,the information extraction efficiency of the mathematical model.Furthermore,we incorporated the group probability calculation method,information entropy and mutual information theory to analyze and calculate the entropy uncertainty more accurately.By applying this analysis to the design wave height and the recurrence period projected in the sea area west Guangdong of China,we believed that the most reasonable hazard assessment method shall be based on the over-threshold method combined with the Pareto distribution.Conversely,the assessment method based on the process extreme value method is deemed insufficiently reasonable and requires further research.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant No.:2017ZX09201004-016).
摘要Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic psychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 0.7%–1%worldwide[1].Aripiprazole is widely used for schizophrenia treatment,and known as a dopamine system stabilizer due to its partial agonist activity as the dopamine-2(D2)and serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A(5-HT1A)receptors,as well as antagonist action at the 5-HT2A receptors[2].The investigational microsphere-based aripiprazole injection in this study is a novel long-acting formulation designed to optimize the release profile at the dose of 350 mg monthly.The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics,efficacy,and safety of the microsphere-based formulation,particularly the fluctuations in the peak-to-trough plasma concentration ratio.
基金partially supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI(24K17514)Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST)FOREST(JPMJFR2462)+1 种基金Iketani Science and Technology Foundation(0371193-A)the Light Metal Educational Foundation(2025-B-049).
摘要The creep anisotropy of a duplex Mg-9Li-4Al-1Zn(LAZ941)alloy,possessing a lamellar microstructure with both geometric and mechanical heterogeneity,was systematically investigated.The minimum creep rate and fracture behavior were dependent on the geometric relationship between the tensile stress axis and the phase boundaries.Specifically,the creep resistance was superior when the stress axis was parallel to the phase boundaries compared to the perpendicular orientation.This anisotropy was found to originate from the distinct mechanical responses of the layered microstructure,which can be consistently explained by a composite theory.When loaded parallel to the phase boundaries,the hard and soft phases deform under an isostrain condition.As a result,the macroscopic creep behavior is strongly influenced by the more creep-resistant α phase,leading to a low creep rate and a stress exponent approaching that of the α phase.Conversely,when loaded perpendicular to the phase boundaries,the constituent phases deform under an isostress condition.This concentrates strain within the softer β phase,resulting in a high creep rate and a stress exponent approaching that of the β phase.These findings provide a foundational framework for the composite-theory-based design of materials possessing a lamellar structure.
基金financially supported by Jiangxi Provincial Science and Technology Talent Plan Project(Grant No.20243BCE51119)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2025BAC240725)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Dongguan(Grant No.20241201300022)。
摘要Lead halide perovskites and carbon-based materials are interesting,high-performing electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.However,only a few studies have been carried out to examine in detail the electromagnetic wave absorption properties of these materials.Moreover,because most perovskites contain lead and have low structural stabilities,concerns exist about the potential environmental and biological toxicity impacts associated with their use.In this effort,we demonstrate for the first time that the novel,non-toxic,and lead-free inorganic halide perovskite Cs2SnI6 absorbs electromagnetic waves.Specifically,we show that the SnI4-derived Cs2SnI6 perovskite can be synthesized by using a one-step solution-based method and that it has an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.4 GHz at a thickness of 1.9 mm.The outstanding performance profile of this material is attributed to dipole-like oscillation of cations and anions within Cs2SnI6 under alternating electromagnetic wave fields caused by mismatched motion of phases having different charges and masses that leads to dipole polarization.Furthermore,an investigation of sources for this effect provides valuable insights into the interrelationship that exists between impedance matching characteristics and electromagnetic wave absorption performance,which should highly benefit future designs of novel halide perovskite-based absorbing materials.
基金financially supported by the project Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Provincial(Grant Nos.20252BAC200212 and 20252BAC250027)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Cultivation of Early Career Young Scientific and Technological Talents of Jiangxi Province(Grant Nos.20252BEJ730203,20252BEJ730205,and 20224ACB203010)+2 种基金Doctor's Starting Research Foundation of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology(Grant No.205200100778)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22572077,22162012 and 22202089)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.20224ACB213005)。
摘要Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products(e.g.,C2+ ,ethene,ethanol,etc.)not only effectively decreases the CO2 concentration in atmosphere but also shows great potential economic benefits due to these exploitable value-added products.The Cu-based catalysts have caught much attention in CO2 electroreduction due to the good selectivity to hydrocarbons products.However,designing appropriate Cu-based catalysts is desirable to further improve the energy efficiency and selectivity of specific C2+ product.In this review,primary pathways of CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products are first discussed to summarize the key elementary steps of C2+ products formation.Subsequently,various strategies of catalytic activity regulation of Cu-based catalysts are classified into geometric and electronic structures modification based on the inner correlation between these strategies and the mechanism of C2+ products formation.The review ends with a cross-scale perspective that links the selectivity enhancement of a specific C2+ product and the target design of Cu-based catalysts.
基金funded by Science and Technology Project of StateGrid Zhejiang Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,grant number B311WZ23000C.
摘要The inherent unpredictability of renewable energy generation poses significant challenges to the reliable and economic dispatch of grid-connected microgrids.In response,this paper proposes a novel robust optimization strategy grounded in uncertain boundary decision-making and enhanced through innovations in the multi-objective cross-entropy method.An uncertainty budget-aware environmental economic dispatch model is first established,integrating photovoltaic and wind power generation.By employing mathematical sophistication-particularly Lagrangian transformation-the proposed method effectively resolves embedded uncertainties,transforming the original model into a deterministic multi-objective optimization framework robust against renewable energy volatility.Furthermore,by incorporating the dynamic operational demands of microgrids,this paper culminates in a robust optimization approach that is both fundamentally based on and adaptively responsive to uncertainty boundaries.To address the critical challenges of convergence and diversity in multi-objective optimization,crossover operators and an adaptive parameter update mechanism are introduced,significantly refining the conventional multi-objective cross-entropy algorithm.Case studies demonstrate the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed dispatch strategy and corroborate the superior performance and applicability of the enhanced algorithm.