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An Integrated Multi-Attribute Score Model for Evaluating the Performance of Smart Building Systems 认领 引用
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作者 Peter Oluwole Akadiri 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2026年第4期147-153,共7页
The assessment of building performance plays a crucial role in achieving sustainability objectives within the construction industry.In recent years,stakeholders have been increasingly focused on evaluating smart build... The assessment of building performance plays a crucial role in achieving sustainability objectives within the construction industry.In recent years,stakeholders have been increasingly focused on evaluating smart buildings(SBs)performance.Numerous methods,criteria,and tools have been developed to measure performance,but most of them primarily concentrate on the overall building level,neglecting the system level of buildings.To tackle this complexity and promote sustainability,it is essential to establish systematic,comprehensive,and practical approaches for evaluating smart building performance.This study proposes an evaluation model for smart buildings performance,encompassing 24 core performance indicators at both the whole building and system levels.The relevance and validity of these indicators were evaluated through a questionnaire survey,along with input from sustainable building experts.This research is part of a broader project aimed at developing a decision support system to assess sustainable building performance and enhance the sustainability of building projects. 展开更多
关键词 smart buildings building performance performance indicators,evaluation model
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Preliminary study on evaluation indicators for urban engineering system sustainability 认领 引用
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作者 Junjie WU Duanyang ZHUANG +1 位作者 Xuecheng BIAN Yunmin CHEN 《Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2025年第12期1229-1243,共15页
China’s urbanization has entered a mid-to-late phase,and is characterized by high-density urban engineering projects that form systems coupled to geotechnical environments.These systems exhibit significant vulnerabil... China’s urbanization has entered a mid-to-late phase,and is characterized by high-density urban engineering projects that form systems coupled to geotechnical environments.These systems exhibit significant vulnerability due to strong spatiotemporal coupling,which hampers sustainable urban development.Traditional approaches to urban engineering design,construction,and maintenance tend to focus on individual projects and lack the ability to comprehensively evaluate system-level sustainability.Thus,with current methods,it is difficult to optimize the renewal and operation of high-density urban engineering systems.In this study,the constituent elements and key features of high-density urban engineering systems are discussed,and urban engineering system sustainability evaluation indicators are comprehensively reviewed.Viewed from perspectives of resilience,low-carbon development,and ecological impact,66 performance indicators describing urban engineering systems are selected.The decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)-based analytic network process(DANP)method and the entropy weight method(EWM)are utilized to calculate these indicators’subjective and objective weights,respectively.Furthermore,the coupling relationships between evaluation indicators are explored,aiding the construction of an urban engineering sustainability evaluation index system.Finally,empirical analysis is conducted across six megacities in China(Tianjin,Hangzhou,Shanghai,Wuhan,Chongqing,and Shenzhen)to validate the effectiveness of the evaluation indicators.The findings reveal significant imbalances in the sustainability of urban engineering systems in China.Accordingly,potential strategies and indicators for targeted enhancement of these systems are discussed. 展开更多
关键词 Urban engineering system Geotechnical environment Spatiotemporal coupling Sustainability Evaluation indicators
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Entropy method for determination of weight of evaluating indicators in fuzzy synthetic evaluation for water quality assessment 认领 引用 被引量：248
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作者 ZOU Zhi-hong YUN Yi SUN Jing-nan 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS 2006年第5期1020-1023,共4页
Considering the difficulty of fuzzy synthetic evaluation method in calculation of the multiple factors and ignorance of the relationship among evaluating objects, a new weight evaluation process using entropy method w... Considering the difficulty of fuzzy synthetic evaluation method in calculation of the multiple factors and ignorance of the relationship among evaluating objects, a new weight evaluation process using entropy method was introduced. This improved method for determination of weight of the evaluating indicators was applied in water quality assessment of the Three Gorges reservoir area. The results showed that this method was favorable for fuzzy synthetic evaluation when there were more than one evaluating objects. One calculation was enough for calculating every monitoring point. Compared with the original evaluation method, the method predigested the fuzzy synthetic evaluation process greatly and the evaluation results are more reasonable. 展开更多
关键词 water quality evaluation fuzzy weight of evaluating indicator entropy method
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Raw materials consumption reduction for practical electric arc furnace steelmaking: a data association rules mining approach with improved evaluation indicator 认领 引用
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作者 Yu-chi Zou Ling-zhi Yang +5 位作者 Hang Hu Guan-nan Li Zeng Feng Shuai Wang Feng Chen Yu-feng Guo 《Journal of Iron and Steel Research International》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2025年第10期3308-3327,共20页
Reducing raw materials consumption(RMC)in electric arc furnace(EAF)steelmaking process is beneficial to the reduction in resource and energy consumption.The conventional indicator of evaluating RMC only focuses on EAF... Reducing raw materials consumption(RMC)in electric arc furnace(EAF)steelmaking process is beneficial to the reduction in resource and energy consumption.The conventional indicator of evaluating RMC only focuses on EAF inputs and outputs,neglecting the associations between smelting operations and RMC.Traditional methods of reducing RMC rely on manual experience and lack a standard operation guidance.A method based on association rules mining and metallurgical mechanism(ARM-MM)was proposed.ARM-MM proposed an improved evaluation indicator of RMC and the indicator independently showed the associations between smelting operations and RMC.On the basis,1265 heats of real EAF data were used to obtain the operation guidance for RMC reduction.According to the ratio of hot metal(HM)in charge metals,data were divided into all dataset,low HM ratio dataset,medium HM ratio dataset,and high HM ratio dataset.ARM algorithm was used in each dataset to obtain specific operation guidance.The real average RMC under all dataset,medium HM ratio dataset,and high HM ratio dataset was reduced by 279,486,and 252 kg/heat,respectively,when obtained operation guidance was applied. 展开更多
关键词 Electric arc furnace steelmaking Raw materials consumption Evaluation indicator Association rules mining Operation guidance
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An All-around Analysis of EVA:An Evaluating Indicator of Operating Performance 认领 引用
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作者 Xiaofei Liao Junwen Feng 《China-USA Business Review》 2005年第4期17-21,共5页
It is the basic step to choose an evaluating indicator of operating performance when designing an incentive system.Whether the index is proper or not will have a direct effect on the effectiveness of the incentive sys... It is the basic step to choose an evaluating indicator of operating performance when designing an incentive system.Whether the index is proper or not will have a direct effect on the effectiveness of the incentive system.EVA is a good evaluating indicator that is adopted by many big multinational corporations and that has led the trend of the development in this area.So it will also become our choice in the future.But before introducing EVA into China,we must have an all-round cognition of it.This article carefully analyses the advantages and disadvantages of this evaluating indicator from a unique angle in order to find some enlightenment for our state-owned enterprises. 展开更多
关键词 EVA evaluating indicator operating performance
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Research on the Construction of Drug Inspection Evaluation Indicator System 认领 引用
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作者 Hu Di Liao Ping +3 位作者 Zhu Xin Dai Yuemin Ge Yuanyuan Chen Yuwen 《Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy》 2024年第4期327-343,共17页
Objective To study a way to establish a drug inspection evaluation system in China.Methods Through literature research,behavioral event interviews,Delphi expert interviews,and other methods,the theory of“threedimensi... Objective To study a way to establish a drug inspection evaluation system in China.Methods Through literature research,behavioral event interviews,Delphi expert interviews,and other methods,the theory of“threedimensional quality structure model”was used to extract,screen,and construct a set of evaluation indicator system for drug inspection,including 3 first-level indicators,11 second-level indicators,and 47 third-level indicators.Results and Conclusion An effective management tool to evaluate the quality of drug inspection has not yet been formed in China.According to the requirements of laws,regulations,and departmental rules,combined with the mature drug inspection mechanism of international drug regulatory agencies or organizations and the international quality management theory,some management tools are put forward to improve the quality system of drug supervision. 展开更多
关键词 drug inspection quality evaluation indicator system three-dimensional quality structure model Delphi
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A procedural study of building up a performance evaluation indicator system of intellectual property protection 认领 引用
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作者 Luo Juan Xu Xingxiang 《International Journal of Technology Management》 2015年第10期113-116,共4页
The intellectual property protection, whether judicial or administrative, is evaluated through a performance evaluation indicator system. To building up such a system, we must follow certain working procedures which u... The intellectual property protection, whether judicial or administrative, is evaluated through a performance evaluation indicator system. To building up such a system, we must follow certain working procedures which usually consist of four steps： to determine the performance objectives, to design the structure of indicator system, to specify the indicators and to set up the weight of indicators. Each step plays a different role in performance evaluation indicator system and has its own impact on the realization of performance evaluation objectives respectively. So the scientifically building up a performance evaluation indicator system is the key to determine whether the intellectual property is protected well or not. 展开更多
关键词 lntellectual property protection performance evaluation indicator system performance objective evaluating indicators weights of indicators
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Standards System and Evaluation Indicators System for Environmental Protection Products 认领 引用
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作者 Huang Jin Lin Ling Wang Xiuteng 《China Standardization》 2010年第6期17-25,共9页
Environmental protection products and equipment are important substance basis and insurance which provide supporting for to the realization of the strategic objective of reduced energy use and emissions while improvin... Environmental protection products and equipment are important substance basis and insurance which provide supporting for to the realization of the strategic objective of reduced energy use and emissions while improving the resource economy ＆ environmental kindly society building, as well as the sustainable development economy and environment in a sustainable fashion. Here, the framework of the standards system and evaluation indicators system for environmental protection products are described based on the present deficiencies in independent innovation, lower levels of standardization, and poor operating effectiveness of such equipment in China with a goal of forcing the development of standardization, seriation and currency used in the environmental protection industry. The results presented here should serve as a reference for the promotion of quality and effectiveness in environmental protection products and equipments. 展开更多
关键词 Environmental Protection Products Standards System Evaluation Indicators System
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Establishment and Validation of a Competency-Based Evaluation Indicator System for On-Site Disinfection Service Providers—Shanghai Municipality,China,2023 认领 引用
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作者 Xiaofan Ji Ning Jiang +8 位作者 Lyulan Huang Junhua Fan Tingting Shi Xing Zhang Renyi Zhu Jian Chen Huanyu Wu Haiqun Ban Liang Tian 《China CDC weekly》 SCIE CSCD 2026年第11期309-313,I0006,I0007,共5页
Introduction:Effective on-site disinfection of epidemic foci is a critical role in preventing the transmission of infectious diseases.On-site disinfection service providers(ODSP)are a key force in the emergency respon... Introduction:Effective on-site disinfection of epidemic foci is a critical role in preventing the transmission of infectious diseases.On-site disinfection service providers(ODSP)are a key force in the emergency response systems.This study assessed ODSP capabilities and developed a standardized evaluation indicator system to aid managers in provider selection and supervision.Methods:A capability evaluation indicator system for ODSP was developed and applied to 88 providers in Shanghai in 2024.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted by correlating the capability evaluation scores of ODSP with historical disinfection efficacy to determine the optimal threshold.Kappa consistency analysis evaluated the agreement between the new scoring system and historical performance outcomes.Results:The scoring rates for management systems,material reserves,personnel capability,and quality control were 93.75%,90.45%,75.08%,and 51.97%,respectively.ODSP with a history of failed on-site disinfection efficacy evaluations scored significantly lower in personnel capability and quality control than those with consistently passing evaluations(P<0.01).The area under the ROC curve(AUC)for the assessment indicators was 0.954[95%confidence interval(CI):0.898,1],with an optimal capability score threshold of 70 points.The Kappa coefficient was 0.822.Conclusion:ODSP should further strengthen its quality control measures.There is a significant gap in capability scores among these providers;therfore a hierarchical certification system should be established.The evaluation indicator system for these providers can serve as a tool to assist in dynamic supervision. 展开更多
关键词 competency based evaluation site disinfection service providers Shanghai municipality ROC curve transmission infectious diseaseson site kappa consistency analysis capability evaluation indicator system emergency response systemsthis
Construction of Evaluation Indicators for the Public Health System in Primary and Secondary Schools—Beijing,China,2024–2025 认领 引用
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作者 Xinyu Hou Mei Gu +1 位作者 Jingxuan Zhao Jia Yang 《China CDC weekly》 SCIE CSCD 2026年第1期15-21,共7页
Introduction:To construct a set of evaluation indicators suitable for the public health system in primary and secondary schools in Beijing,this study aimed to provide a basis for objectively assessing the current stat... Introduction:To construct a set of evaluation indicators suitable for the public health system in primary and secondary schools in Beijing,this study aimed to provide a basis for objectively assessing the current status of system development and identifying future directions for improvement.Methods:An indicator pool was established based on literature reviews and expert consultation.The indicator system was then refined and finalized through two rounds of the Delphi method,and the weights of the indicators were determined using the analytic hierarchy process.Results:The expert participation rate reached 100%,and the average expert authority coefficient was 0.87.The indicator coordination coefficient W was statistically significant(P<0.001).Ultimately,an evaluation system comprising 5 first-level indicators,15 second-level indicators,and 39 third-level indicators was developed.Conclusion:The indicator system constructed in this study shows good expert consistency and credibility.It can effectively pinpoint key components of system development,providing a scientific foundation for optimizing resource allocation and supporting ongoing improvement. 展开更多
关键词 evaluation indicators indicator system literature reviews public health system expert consultationthe assessing current status system development indicator pool delphi methodand
Research on Risk Indicators of Project Procurement in Higher Education Institutions 认领 引用
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作者 Lele Chan Changyuan Wang 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2025年第5期96-101,共6页
This paper focuses on the procurement of construction projects in universities,conducting research on the influencing factors of procurement risks in such projects.By combining questionnaire surveys with expert interv... This paper focuses on the procurement of construction projects in universities,conducting research on the influencing factors of procurement risks in such projects.By combining questionnaire surveys with expert interviews,numerous factors affecting procurement are analyzed.Subsequently,these factors are refined and summarized to construct a procurement risk evaluation index system for construction projects,which includes three first-level indicators,such as process management risk and ethical/legal risk,and is further subdivided into 13 second-level indicators. 展开更多
关键词 Risk evaluation indicators Project procurement University construction projects Procurement management
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Design framework for polymer gel treatments from a database of field projects 认领 引用
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作者 BAI Baojun ALDHAHERI Munqith WEI Mingzhen 《Petroleum Exploration and Development》 SCIE 2026年第3期817-831,共15页
This study compiles and analyzes data from over 125 published field projects around the world,covering nearly 900 treated wells.Building on those detailed studies,this paper distills the most important findings into a... This study compiles and analyzes data from over 125 published field projects around the world,covering nearly 900 treated wells.Building on those detailed studies,this paper distills the most important findings into a concise,practical,and actionable framework to guide where in-situ gel treatments should be applied,how they should be designed,and how their outcomes can be evaluated.The proposed workflow guides engineers through five integrated stages:screening appropriate gel types,designing formulation and injection strategies,predicting field response,evaluating treatment performance,and conducting iterative refinement with feedback loops to adjust designs based on observed outcomes.The framework integrates empirical selection rules,statistical design ranges,tapering strategies,and machine-learning tools,to support informed decision-making.While derived from retrospective analysis of mostly successful treatments,the structured methodology offers actionable guidance for future applications and helps bridge the gap between field observations and systematic design logic.By providing a data-informed workflow supported by field evidence,this study aims to enhance the reliability,consistency,and economic value of polymer gel treatments in complex reservoir conditions. 展开更多
关键词 polymer gel design framework gel type channeling type injection strategy evaluation indicator conformance control water control
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Research on Uncertainties in Evaluation Indicator System for Ecological Residential Community 认领 引用
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作者 JIAO Sheng GUAN Chen-yin +2 位作者 ZENG Guang-ming LIU Jian-ong Zhou Jian-fei 《湖南大学学报（自然科学版）》 EI CAS 北大核心 2009年第S1期177-181,共5页
In the process of evaluating,the weights of indicators are firstly determined by AHP and Delphi methods;and the values of indicators are normalized by grey correlative coefficient method.A suit of means were put forwa... In the process of evaluating,the weights of indicators are firstly determined by AHP and Delphi methods;and the values of indicators are normalized by grey correlative coefficient method.A suit of means were put forward,by which a qualitative and quantitative evaluation indicator system suitable for the situation of China and uncertainties can be established.Both idiographic and operable methods and process were presented.Following the principle of elasticity,hiberarchy and maneuverability,a three-layer evaluation indicator system was established by AHP in Jiuyi ecological residential community,which includes 5 subsystems and 24 indicatiors.The weights of indicators are measured by AHP and expert estimate and their best indicators values up to par were determined by fuzzy mathematics and optimization.The whole evaluation indicator system not only has an active and practical effect on estimating ecological residential community,but also guides ecological residential community planning. 展开更多
关键词 ecological residential community evaluation indicator system ecological risk evaluation uncertainty fuzzy mathematics grey correlative coefficient
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An innovative corrugated rolling process for manufacturing submersible pressure shells with corrugated stiffening structures 认领 引用
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作者 Xu Zhang Jian-Liang Sun +2 位作者 Yan Peng Qiao-Gao Huang Guang Pan 《Journal of Iron and Steel Research International》 SCIE EI CSCD 2026年第4期43-61,共19页
As critical structural components in large-scale deep-sea equipment such as submarines and submersibles,cylindrical pressure shells require advanced manufacturing solutions to address the limitations of conventional m... As critical structural components in large-scale deep-sea equipment such as submarines and submersibles,cylindrical pressure shells require advanced manufacturing solutions to address the limitations of conventional methods characterized by prolonged production cycles and elevated costs.This study proposes an innovative corrugated rolling process(CRP)for high-performance,efficient fabrication of corrugated pressure shells.The theoretical foundations and critical parameters governing stable CRP operations were systematically established.Through comprehensive finite element simulations,systematic investigations were conducted on material flow patterns during corrugation formation,revealing three distinct processing stages classified into clamping,local forming,and global forming.Analytical results revealed that clamping-induced indentations progressively dissipated during subsequent forming stages.Distinct deformation zones within the billet were identified,consisting of active and passive deformation zones characterized by differential thickness reduction rates that synergistically ensured complete corrugation development.Given the complexity of metal flow in CRP,indicators such as corrugation saturation,uniformity of corrugation height,rib back depression rate,average spread and fishtail coefficient were defined to quantitatively assess the forming quality of corrugated pressure shells.The process rationality and technical feasibility of CRP were verified by the corrugated rolling test.This research establishes a theoretical foundation and provides practical technical guidance for manufacturing load-bearing structural components in large-scale deep-sea applications. 展开更多
关键词 Corrugated rolling process Pressure shell Deformation mechanism Evaluation indicator
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Evaluation Indicators and Extraction Method for Pitting Corrosion of Structural Steel 认领 引用 被引量：10
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作者 Shanhua Xu Youde Wang Qifeng Xue 《Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series)》 EI CAS 2015年第3期15-21,共7页
A set of evaluation indicators based on corrosion ratio in theory for assessing the extent of pitting corrosion and performance reduction are proposed. In order to quantify the morphology of pitting corrosion and extr... A set of evaluation indicators based on corrosion ratio in theory for assessing the extent of pitting corrosion and performance reduction are proposed. In order to quantify the morphology of pitting corrosion and extract the evaluation indicators,the 3D profile data obtained by pitting morphology measurement are imported into a special written program to automatically determine the location of each corrosion pit and distill any desired data pertinent to the pitting morphology. The results show that this method seems to be effective to analyze the corroded surface and characterize the pitting morphology. 展开更多
关键词 structural steel pitting corrosion morphology characterization evaluation indicators extraction method
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Control characteristics of D + A combined multi-pump controlled system 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 姚静 Wang Pei +2 位作者 Cao Xiaoming Zhang Yang Kong Xiangdong 《High Technology Letters》 EI CAS 2018年第3期303-312,共10页
In order to solve the flow mismatch problem between pumping source output and workload demand,a novel configuration of D + A combined multi-pump controlled hydraulic system,similar to a pump-controlled system,is propo... In order to solve the flow mismatch problem between pumping source output and workload demand,a novel configuration of D + A combined multi-pump controlled hydraulic system,similar to a pump-controlled system,is proposed for a large power hydraulic system in this study. This novel configuration consists of several parallel fixed displacement pumps of different sizes and proportional variable displacement pumps,which is controlled by digital signal( on/off) and analog signal respectively( D + A pumps). The system flow is divided into two parts,one is the total flow from fixed displacement pumps,and the other is the rest desired flow supplied by variable displacement pumps to smooth and improve the demand flow. First,basic design principles and evaluation indicators of the proposed system are introduced. Then,a flow state matrix of the binary-coding digital pumps( 1: 2: 4) is obtained to provide the control signals of pumps. Experimental results show that the system output flow tracks well with acceptable flow deviation,though a little lag behind input signal. 展开更多
关键词 multi-pump design principles flow state matrix evaluation indicator energy saving
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Concept and evaluation method of equipment system of systems contribution rate 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 Zhang Tianpeng Liu Tielin Yang Jun 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2021年第3期317-324,共8页
To scientifically evaluate the equipment system of systems(SoS)contribution rate,a contribution rate calculation method based on a structural equation model(SEM)is proposed in this paper.The connotation and evaluation... To scientifically evaluate the equipment system of systems(SoS)contribution rate,a contribution rate calculation method based on a structural equation model(SEM)is proposed in this paper.The connotation and evaluation process of the equipment SoS contribution rate were redefined and standardized.To solve the existing problems in the application of the original contribution rate formula,a modified contribution rate calculation formula is proposed.Finally,the contribution rate evaluation index was divided into latent and explicit variables.The measurement and structural equations in the SEM were used to calculate and analyze the latent variables.The simulation results show that the number of defense lines of air defense weapon equipment has a greater impact on the linear configuration than the group configuration.When the number of K-type air defense weapons is sufficient,the two-layer linear configuration should be adopted with 20 air defense weapon systems.When the number of K-type air defense weapons is insufficient,the single-layer group configuration should be adopted with 12 air defense weapon systems. 展开更多
关键词 system of systems(SoS)contribution rate structural equation mode equipment SoS capability assessment evaluation indicator framework
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Construction of an evaluation system for the service capabilities of government to business (G2B) web portals 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 WANG Fang ZHAI Lina 《Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science》 2009年第2期42-56,共15页
On the basis of analyzing both domestic and foreign evaluation systems for the e-government and also taking into account of the current situation of government portals in urban centers,the paper is aimed to construct ... On the basis of analyzing both domestic and foreign evaluation systems for the e-government and also taking into account of the current situation of government portals in urban centers,the paper is aimed to construct an evaluation system primarily for the measurement of the service capability of business-oriented G2B portals of local governments in general and those G2B portals of the new development zones in particular.This system is composed of 6 first tier indicators,18 second tier indicators and 90 third tier indicators.And the weight of each indicator is determined by Delphi Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) Method.Subsequently,we used this system to evaluate the government portals of Tianjin Binhai New Area and Shanghai Pudong New Area and proved to have the desired practicability. 展开更多
关键词 Government portals G2B E-government Evaluation indicator system
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A Review of Research on Urban Disaster Resilience 认领 引用
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作者 Enrao Xiang 《Journal of World Architecture》 2026年第1期91-99,共9页
With the acceleration of global climate change and urbanization,the risk of urban disasters is increasing,and the research on urban disaster resilience has gradually become an important direction in the field of disas... With the acceleration of global climate change and urbanization,the risk of urban disasters is increasing,and the research on urban disaster resilience has gradually become an important direction in the field of disaster prevention and mitigation.This article systematically reviews the evolution of the concept of urban disaster resilience and its characteristic connotations,analyzes the current mainstream evaluation index framework and assessment methods,and summarizes the key factors affecting urban disaster resilience from aspects such as economic development,infrastructure,urban governance,social development,and the environment.Urban disaster resilience is the result of the coordinated action of multiple systems and has dynamic and complex characteristics.Future research should strengthen the application of dynamic simulation to enhance the capacity of urban disaster risk management and disaster prevention and mitigation. 展开更多
关键词 Urban resilience Evaluation indicators Assessment methods Influencing factors
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Construction of an evaluation system for information openness of local governments 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Fang WANG Qun GU 《Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science》 2011年第1期28-49,共22页
Evaluating government openness is important in monitoring government performance and promoting government transparency. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an evaluation system for information openness of local gove... Evaluating government openness is important in monitoring government performance and promoting government transparency. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an evaluation system for information openness of local governments. In order to select evaluation indicators, we conducted a content analysis on current evaluation systems constructed by researchers and local governments and the materials of a case study on a local government. This evaluation system is composed of 5 first-tier indicators, 30 secondtier indicators and 69 third-tier indicators. Then Delphi Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) Method are adopted to determine the weight of each indicator. At last, the practicability of the system is tested by an evaluation of the local government of Tianjin Binhai New Area, which has been undergoing administrative reform and attempting to reinvent itself in the past 5 years. 展开更多
关键词 Freedom of information Information openness Government openness Evaluation indicator system Content analysis
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