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Comments on the 2025 Edition of China Guidelines for Pharmacoeconomic Evaluations 认领 引用 被引量：1
1
作者 Jing Wu Gordon G.Liu 《Pharmacoeconomics and Policy》 2026年第1期1-3,共3页
Pharmacoeconomic evaluations have emerged as a cornerstone of evidence-based healthcare decision-making in China,particularly since 2017 when it was formally integrated into price negotiations for innovative drugs see... Pharmacoeconomic evaluations have emerged as a cornerstone of evidence-based healthcare decision-making in China,particularly since 2017 when it was formally integrated into price negotiations for innovative drugs seeking inclusion in the National Reimbursement Drug List(NRDL).The standardization of pharmacoeconomic evaluations is essential to enhancing both the research accuracy and practical applicability in policy contexts.Since 2011,the Pharmacoeconomics Committee of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association(CPA)has convened multidisciplinary expert teams to develop the China Guidelines for Pharmacoeconomic Evaluations. 展开更多
关键词 evidence based healthcare national reimbursement drug list nrdl innovative drugs price negotiations pharmacoeconomic evaluations China guidelines standardization
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How would travel contexts affect people’s perceptions and evaluations of urban green space? 认领 引用
2
作者 Yang Liu Jianying Wang +2 位作者 Mei-Po Kwan Dong Liu Liuyi Song 《Geography and Sustainability》 CSCD 2026年第2期102-115,共14页
Urban green space may impact human health through complex pathways and the effect can vary across different travel contexts.Revealing these disparities in health pathways between different travel contexts may provide ... Urban green space may impact human health through complex pathways and the effect can vary across different travel contexts.Revealing these disparities in health pathways between different travel contexts may provide essential and practical suggestions for sustainable developments in urban environments.In this study,we investi gated the impacts of travel contexts on people’s perceptions and evaluations of green space using a cross-sectional dataset collected in Hong Kong,China.Eight hundred participants in 4 representative communities were recruited through stratified sampling,and we identified 2,913 travel events from their two-day activity-travel diaries after rigorous cross-validation with GPS-derived trajectories.We also derived two green space exposure representa tions using fine-grained remote sensing imagery and 8 representative green space exposure indicators.Eighty logistical regression models and mixed-effects models were developed to investigate the associations with con trol of a range of potential uncertainties.Our results indicate solid and consistently positive associations between participants’measured green space exposure and perceived green space,and significant but variable effects of travel purposes,travel modes,and travel time on participants’perceptions and evaluations of green space.Walk ing significantly promotes participants’perceptions and positive evaluations of urban green space,buses are not significantly associated,and metro trains may depress the perception and evaluation.Our results provide solid evidence on how travel contexts may influence people’s perceptions and evaluations of urban green space and,thus,provide essential insights into environmental health studies and sustainable urban planning that consider green space as an important urban environmental setting. 展开更多
关键词 Green space Perception and evaluation Exposure measurements Travel contexts Urban planning Well-being
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Can ChatGPT be a Good Follower of Academic Paradigms?Research Quality Evaluations in Conflicting Areas of Sociology 认领 引用
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作者 Mike Thelwall Ralph Schroeder Meena Dhanda 《Journal of Data and Information Science》 CSCD 2026年第2期154-164,共11页
Purpose:It has become increasingly likely that Large Language Models(LLMs)will be used to score the quality of academic publications to support research assessment goals in the future.This may cause problems for field... Purpose:It has become increasingly likely that Large Language Models(LLMs)will be used to score the quality of academic publications to support research assessment goals in the future.This may cause problems for fields with competing paradigms since there is a risk that one may be favoured,causing long term harm to the reputation of the other.Design/methodology/approach:To test whether paradigm favouritism is plausible,study 1 uses ChatGPT to evaluate up to 100 journal articles from each of eight pairs of competing sociology paradigms(1,490 altogether).Each article was assessed by prompting ChatGPT to take one of five roles:paradigm follower,opponent,antagonistic follower,antagonistic opponent,or neutral.Study 2 involved five pairs of more tightly defined paradigms.Findings:Articles were scored highest by ChatGPT when it followed the aligning paradigm,and lowest when it was told to devalue it and to follow the opposing paradigm.Broadly similar patterns occurred for most of the paradigm pairs.Follower ChatGPTs displayed only a small amount of favouritism compared to neutral ChatGPTs,but articles evaluated by an opposing paradigm ChatGPT had a substantial disadvantage in some cases.Research limitations:The data covers a single field and LLM.Practical implications:The results confirm that LLM instructions for research evaluation should be carefully designed to ensure that they are paradigm-neutral to avoid accidentally resolving conflicts between paradigms on a technicality by devaluing one side’s contributions.Originality/value:This is the first demonstration that LLMs can be prompted to show a partiality for academic paradigms. 展开更多
关键词 paradigms research evaluation Large Language Models sociology research methods
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Comparison of Design and Operability Evaluations Between Two Electric Wheelchair Models 认领 引用
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作者 Koji Sakai Tomoko Tonami Hiroshi Kanaji 《Psychology Research》 2026年第3期101-112,共12页
In this study,a comparative test-ride experiment involving 17 university students was conducted using the WHILL Model S(WHILL,Inc.)and the e-SNEAKER(Daihatsu Motor Co.,Ltd.).Participants evaluated the design before th... In this study,a comparative test-ride experiment involving 17 university students was conducted using the WHILL Model S(WHILL,Inc.)and the e-SNEAKER(Daihatsu Motor Co.,Ltd.).Participants evaluated the design before the test ride,and assessed factors such as operability,ride comfort,and a sense of security afterward;follow-up interviews were also conducted.The results revealed differing trends between the pre-ride design evaluation and the post-ride operability assessment,with no significant correlation found between initial impressions and overall satisfaction.While the WHILL received high marks for seating comfort and general comfort,the e-SNEAKER was highly rated for minimal vibration and a sense of security when traversing steps.Furthermore,the sense of security was the strongest factor influencing overall satisfaction.These findings suggest that selecting an electric wheelchair requires a comprehensive evaluation based on actual test-ride experiences,rather than relying solely on catalogs or visual appearance.This study proposes a user-centered comparative evaluation method that integrates pre-ride design assessments with post-ride operability evaluations,thereby providing valuable insights for the selection of electric wheelchairs. 展开更多
关键词 electric wheelchair WHILL Model S e-SNEAKER design evaluation operability perceived safety
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Preliminary Evaluations of FGOALS-g2 for Decadal Predictions 认领 引用 被引量：16
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作者 王斌 刘咪咪 +20 位作者 俞永强 李立娟 林鹏飞 董理 刘利 刘骥平 黄文誉 徐世明 申思 普业 薛巍 夏坤 王勇 孙文奇 胡宁 黄小猛 刘海龙 郑伟鹏 吴波 周天军 杨广文 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第3期674-683,共10页
The Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model, Grid-point Version 2 （FGOALS-g2） for decadal predictions, is evaluated preliminarily, based on sets of ensemble 10-year hindcasts that it has produced. The res... The Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model, Grid-point Version 2 （FGOALS-g2） for decadal predictions, is evaluated preliminarily, based on sets of ensemble 10-year hindcasts that it has produced. The results show that the hindcasts were more accurate in decadal variability of SST and surface air temperature （SAT）, particularly in that of Nifio3.4 SST and China regional SAT, than the second sample of the historical runs for 20th-century climate （the control） by the same model. Both the control and the hindcasts represented the global warming well using the same external forcings, but the control overestimated the warming. The hindcasts produced the warming closer to the observations. Performance of FGOALS-g2 in hindcasts benefits from more realistic initial conditions provided by the initialization run and a smaller model bias resulting from the use of a dynamic bias correction scheme newly developed in this study. The initialization consists of a 61-year nudging-based assimilation cycle, which follows on the control run on 01 January 1945 with the incorporation of observation data of upper-ocean temperature and salinity at each integration step in the ocean component model, the LASG IAP Climate System Ocean Model, Version 2 （LICOM2）. The dynamic bias correction is implemented at each step of LICOM2 during the hindcasts to reduce the systematic biases existing in upper-ocean temperature and salinity by incorporating multi-year monthly mean increments produced in the assimilation cycle. The effectiveness of the assimilation cycle and the role of the correction scheme were assessed prior to the hindcasts. 展开更多
关键词 decadal prediction initialization dynamic bias correction evaluation
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Comparative evaluations of the Monte Carlo-based light propagation simulation packages for optical imaging 认领 引用
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作者 Lin Wang Shenghan Ren Xueli Chen 《Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences》 SCIE EI 2018年第1期80-89,共10页
Monte Carlo simulation of light propagation in turbid medium has been studied for years.A number of software packages have been developed to handle with such issue.However,it is hard to compare these simulation packag... Monte Carlo simulation of light propagation in turbid medium has been studied for years.A number of software packages have been developed to handle with such issue.However,it is hard to compare these simulation packages,especially for tissues with complex heterogeneous structures.Here,we first designed a group of mesh datasets generated by Iso2Mesh software,and used them to cross-validate the accuracy and to evaluate the performance of four Monte Carlo-based simulation packages,including Monte Carlo model of steady-state light transport in multi-layered tissues(MCML),tetrahedron-based inhomogeneous Monte Carlo optical simulator(TIMOS),Molecular Optical Simulation Environment(MOSE),and Mesh-based Monte Carlo(MMC).The performance of each package was evaluated based on the designed mesh datasets.The merits and demerits of each package were also discussed.Comparative results showed that the TIMOS package provided the best performance,which proved to be a reliable,efficient,and stable MC simulation package for users. 展开更多
关键词 Light transport Monte Carlo comparative evaluation mesh datasets.
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Secondary relative evaluations on regional technology innovation capability in SMEs 认领 引用
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作者 毕克新 孙金花 冯英浚 《Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series)》 EI CAS 2005年第6期620-625,共6页
According to this problem that every regional technology innovation of SMEs and innovation environment are different, the method on secondary relative evaluation to measure the innovation capability of SMEs in 9 provi... According to this problem that every regional technology innovation of SMEs and innovation environment are different, the method on secondary relative evaluation to measure the innovation capability of SMEs in 9 provinces and 3 municipalities is developed in this paper. First the Fuzzy Integral Comprehensive Evaluation is adopted to measure the comprehensive index states of technological innovation of SMEs in different regions, and then the BCC model in Data Envelopment Analysis is used to calculate the secondary relative evaluation of regional technology innovation capability in SMEs, so that this method not only settles the relevance between indexes influencing regional technology innovation capability of SMEs, but also eliminates the influence of objective basic condition, and then provides bases for every region to make out policies and rules on technological innovation of SMEs and for enterprise to establish relevant strategy of technological innovation. 展开更多
关键词 regional SMEs technological innovation capability secondary relative evaluation fuzzy integral data enenvelopment analysis
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Preparation and biological evaluations of PLA/chitosan composite materials 认领 引用 被引量：1
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《Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering(English Edition)》 CAS 2001年第4期175-177,共3页
关键词 PLA Preparation and biological evaluations of PLA/chitosan composite materials
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Three-way group decision making with linguistic evaluations 认领 引用
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作者 刘树利 刘新旺 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2016年第4期520-523,共4页
Based on linguistic evaluations, a linguistic threeway decision method is proposed. First, the alternatives are rated in linguistic forms and divided into acceptance, rejection and uncertainty regions. Secondly, the l... Based on linguistic evaluations, a linguistic threeway decision method is proposed. First, the alternatives are rated in linguistic forms and divided into acceptance, rejection and uncertainty regions. Secondly, the linguistic three-way group decision steps are provided. Specifically, the experts determine the lower bound and upper bound of the uncertainty region, respectively. When the evaluation is superior to the upper bound, the corresponding alternative is put into the acceptance region directly. Similarly, when the evaluation is inferior to the lower bound, the corresponding alternative is put into the rejection region directly, and the remaining alternatives are put into the uncertain region. Moreover, the objects in the uncertainty region are especially discussed. The linguistic terms are transformed into fuzzy numbers and then aggregated. Finally, a recommendation example is provided to illustrate the practicality and validity of the proposed method. 展开更多
关键词 linguistic evaluation uncertainty triangular fuzzy sets three-way group decision making recommendation
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Student Evaluations as Effective Indicators of Learning Outcomes:Evidence from Japanese University Students in English Language Courses 认领 引用
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作者 贾威 《海外英语》 2014年第23期274-275,共2页
The term"student learning outcomes"refers to the knowledge, skills, and abilitiesthat students achieve during a course, and is typically assessed based on student evaluations conducted at the end of the seme... The term"student learning outcomes"refers to the knowledge, skills, and abilitiesthat students achieve during a course, and is typically assessed based on student evaluations conducted at the end of the semester. Previous studies in this area have investigated the effects of instructional quality and academic demands separately and have been limited primarily to examining findings using student samples fromthe United States. With Japanese college students' perceptions of self-improvementin English language courses as the dependent variable, the present study directly tests the hypothesis that students who perceive instructional quality to be higher, andcourse demands to be greater, also estimate higher levels of self-improvement in English language skills. The analysis provides strong support for this hypothesis.Higher ratings of instruction and academic demands have already beenshown to increase levels of student learning(Greimel-Fuhrmann and Geyer 2003;Nois and Hudson 2006; Mc Fadden and Dart 1992). The present study is the first toprovide direct evidence of the relative importance of student evaluations ofinstructional quality and academic demands as predictors of student learning and thefirst ever to do so with a sample of Japanese college students enrolled in a required English as a foreign language course. Our hypothesis is that Japanese students whoperceive instructional quality to be higher, and course demands to be greater,estimate higher levels of self-improvement in English language skills. Thus we test Japanese students' attitudes toward instructional quality and course demands asindependent variables predicting their perceptions of self-improvement in English language courses. The research focuses on Japanese students' improvement in English language skills because English education in Japan is an arena in which thedebate over limited English proficiency rages on, and because other research suggests reconsideration of English education in light of the demands of the rapidly expanding global era(Amaki 2008). 展开更多
关键词 Student evaluations Japanese university students E
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A survey on communication protocols and performance evaluations for Internet of Things 认领 引用 被引量：7
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作者 Cüneyt Bayılmış MAli Ebleme +2 位作者 ÜnalÇavuşoğlu Kerem Küçük Abdullah Sevin 《Digital Communications and Networks》 SCIE CSCD 2022年第6期1094-1104,共11页
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a large-scale network of devices capable of sensing, data processing, and communicating with each other through different communication protocols. In today's technology ecosystem, I... The Internet of Things (IoT) is a large-scale network of devices capable of sensing, data processing, and communicating with each other through different communication protocols. In today's technology ecosystem, IoT interacts with many application areas such as smart city, smart building, security, traffic, remote monitoring, health, energy, disaster, agriculture, industry. The IoT network in these scenarios comprises tiny devices, gateways, and cloud platforms. An IoT network is able to keep these fundamental components in transmission under many conditions with lightweight communication protocols taking into account the limited hardware features (memory, processor, energy, etc.) of tiny devices. These lightweight communication protocols affect the network traffic, reliability, bandwidth, and energy consumption of the IoT application. Therefore, determining the most proper communication protocol for application developers emerges as an important engineering problem. This paper presents a straightforward overview of the lightweight communication protocols, technological advancements in application layer for the IoT ecosystem. The survey then analyzes various recent lightweight communication protocols and reviews their strengths and limitations. In addition, the paper explains the experimental comparison of Constrained Applications Protocol (CoAP), Message Queuing Telemetry (MQTT), and WebSocket protocols, more convenient for tiny IoT devices. Finally, we discuss future research directions of communication protocols for IoT. 展开更多
关键词 Internet of Things IoT application layer protocols IoT communicati on pr otocols Performance evaluation
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Should Online Essays Be Used in Academic Evaluations? 认领 引用
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《ChinAfrica》 2017年第12期12-13,共2页
China＇s current academic evaluation system sees publications in core journals as a basic index to measure the academic qualification and quality of an academic institute,
关键词 Should Online Essays Be Used in Academic Evaluations Be
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Research on the Contemporary Career Evaluation and Career Planning Theory based on Tactical Evaluations and Simulation 认领 引用
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作者 Wei Tai 《International Journal of Technology Management》 2015年第11期61-63,共3页
In this research article, we research on the contemporary career evaluation and the career planning theory based on tactical evaluations and simulation. As a result of the college expansion, the university students＇ ... In this research article, we research on the contemporary career evaluation and the career planning theory based on tactical evaluations and simulation. As a result of the college expansion, the university students＇ employment situation is very grim. There are many reasons for college student employment difficulty, one of which is not comprehensive, system of colleges and universities as the implementation of college students＇ career planning education effectively. In this from the meaning of career planning and the significance of implementing college students＇ career planning education in colleges and universities, describes the cross arm in the implementation of college career education and through the analysis of necessity of the implementation of the college students＇ career planning education in colleges and universities the problems existing in the combined tactical evaluations model gives a reasonable solution. As the conclusion, we propose the novel methodology with the potential applications and the prospect with more optimization orientation. 展开更多
关键词 Career Evaluation Career Planning Tactical Evaluations Real-World Simulation.
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Up-to-date meta-analysis of long-term evaluations of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for complex perianal fistula 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Fang Cheng Huang Zhong +1 位作者 Zhong Huang Zhi Li 《World Journal of Stem Cells》 SCIE 2023年第8期866-875,共10页
BACKGROUND Local mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)therapy for complex perianal fistulas(PFs)has shown considerable promise.But,the long-term safety and efficacy of MSC therapy in complex PFs remain unknown.AIM To explore the... BACKGROUND Local mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)therapy for complex perianal fistulas(PFs)has shown considerable promise.But,the long-term safety and efficacy of MSC therapy in complex PFs remain unknown.AIM To explore the long-term effectiveness and safety of local MSC therapy for complex PFs.METHODS Sources included the PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane Library databases.A standard meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3.RESULTS After screening,6 studies met the inclusion criteria.MSC therapy was associated with an improved long-term healing rate(HR)compared with the control condition[odds ratio(OR)=2.13;95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.34 to 3.38;P=0.001].Compared with fibrin glue(FG)therapy alone,MSC plus FG therapy was associated with an improved long-term HR(OR=2.30;95%CI:1.21 to 4.36;P=0.01).When magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate fistula healing,MSC therapy was found to achieve a higher long-term HR than the control treatment(OR=2.79;95%CI:1.37 to 5.67;P=0.005).There were no significant differences in long-term safety(OR=0.77;95%CI:0.27 to 2.24;P=0.64).CONCLUSION Our study indicated that local MSC therapy promotes long-term and sustained healing of complex PFs and that this method is safe. 展开更多
关键词 Complex perianal fistula Mesenchymal stem cells Long-term evaluation Meta-analysis
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Dissimulation in forensic psychiatric evaluations,a case-control study of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-Ⅲ 认领 引用
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作者 Roberta Risola Gabriele Mandarelli +4 位作者 Ignazio Grattagliano Anna Cassano Antonia Valerio Cristiano Barbieri Roberto Catanesi 《Forensic Sciences Research》 CSCD 2024年第1期60-65,共6页
The possible tendency of subjects to decrease, hide, or omit symptomatic aspects of their mental functioning is one of the main problems in forensic psychological and psychiatric evaluations. We aimed at verifying the... The possible tendency of subjects to decrease, hide, or omit symptomatic aspects of their mental functioning is one of the main problems in forensic psychological and psychiatric evaluations. We aimed at verifying the possible existence of significant differences in the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) scales scores between a sample of dissimulators (n = 40) and their non-dissimulator counterpart matched by age, sex, and diagnosis. Cases and comparisons were retrieved from the archive of a single university forensic psychiatric centre between 2013 and 2022. Results showed statistically significant higher scores in the sample of dissimulators in the Desirability, Histrionic, Narcissistic, and Compulsive MCMI-III scales than in the comparison sample. Point biserial correlation test disclosed a strong positive correlation between the Desirability, Histrionic, Narcissistic, and Compulsive scales of the MCMI-III and being in the dissimulator group of subjects while a negative correlation emerged for all the other scales except drug dependence. 展开更多
关键词 dissimulation Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-Ⅲ forensic psychiatric evaluation forensic psychological evaluation mental disorders
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Evaluations on social network analysis (SNA) research in China's Mainland:A critical assessment of journal literatures 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 ZHAO Yuxiang Wu Kewen ZHU Qinghua 《Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science》 2010年第4期37-60,共24页
Social network analysis(SNA) has been introduced to China's Mainland since the end of last century. It is often stated that SNA research has experienced rapid growth in China over these years, but few studies have... Social network analysis(SNA) has been introduced to China's Mainland since the end of last century. It is often stated that SNA research has experienced rapid growth in China over these years, but few studies have been conducted to prove the statement. This paper aims at exploring the research status and development of SNA in China by a critical assessment of journal articles. Our findings show that SNA is an evolving and diversified research area which has rich themes and topics, and can be applied to those studies on different levels, context and disciplines, and attract researchers and scholars from various fields and domains. In addition, the information community(Library & Information Science and Information Systems) plays a leading role in the SNA related researches. The paper also points out the research on SNA in China has some limitations, so it proposes several implications for the future development of SNA research from perspectives of information science. 展开更多
关键词 Social network analysis(SNA) Bibliometric analysis Classification scheme Research evaluation China's Mainland iSchools
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An Overview of ETL Techniques,Tools,Processes and Evaluations in Data Warehousing 认领 引用
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作者 Bilal Khan Saifullah Jan +1 位作者 Wahab Khan Muhammad Imran Chughtai 《Journal on Big Data》 2024年第1期1-20,共20页
The extraction,transformation,and loading(ETL)process is a crucial and intricate area of study that lies deep within the broad field of data warehousing.This specific,yet crucial,aspect of data management fills the kn... The extraction,transformation,and loading(ETL)process is a crucial and intricate area of study that lies deep within the broad field of data warehousing.This specific,yet crucial,aspect of data management fills the knowledge gap between unprocessed data and useful insights.Starting with basic information unique to this complex field,this study thoroughly examines the many issues that practitioners encounter.These issues include the complexities of ETL procedures,the rigorous pursuit of data quality,and the increasing amounts and variety of data sources present in the modern data environment.The study examines ETL methods,resources,and the crucial standards that guide their assessment in the midst of this investigation.These components form the foundation of data warehousing and act as a safety net to guarantee the dependability,accuracy,and usefulness of data assets.This publication takes on the function of a useful guide for academics,professionals,and students,despite the fact that it does not give empirical data.It gives students a thorough grasp of the ETL paradigm in the context of data warehousing and equips them with the necessary skills to negotiate the complex world of data management.This program equips people to lead effective data warehousing initiatives,promoting a culture of informed decision-making and data-driven excellence in a world where data-driven decision-making is becoming more and more important. 展开更多
关键词 ETL ETL process ETL techniques ETL tools ETL evaluation
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Student Evaluations of the Courses in Medical Psychology at the Medical Department of the RWTH Aachen: A Three-Year Report 认领 引用
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作者 Anne Scherer Thomas Forkmann +1 位作者 Sandra Sudmann Siegfried Gauggel 《Open Journal of Medical Psychology》 2012年第4期63-67,共5页
Introduction: With the introduction of a new curriculum “Modellstudiengang Medizin” in Aachen, the education in medical psychology was also restructured. This paper presents data from the students’ evaluations of t... Introduction: With the introduction of a new curriculum “Modellstudiengang Medizin” in Aachen, the education in medical psychology was also restructured. This paper presents data from the students’ evaluations of the Basic Course in Medical Psychology and the new teaching format “Systemblock Psyche” over a three-year time span. Method: All students were asked to evaluate the courses anonymously online. Effect sizes [1] were calculated to compare acceptance of the different course types and also changes across time. Results: Both the Basic Course in Medical Psychology and the Systemblock Psyche were rated as “good” to “satisfactory” and were in their overall acceptance comparable to other courses and system blocks. Continuous improvement in acceptance was found for the Basic Course (d = 0.30 - 0.57). The Systemblock Psyche received varying evaluations but achieved higher scores on comprehensibility (d = 0.20) and communication among teachers (d = 0.34) than other system blocks. On the other hand, students rated the education in medical psychology as less relevant than other courses (d = 0.28 and 0.77, respectively). Conclusion: Overall, the acceptance rating was satisfactory and comparable to other evaluation studies conducted in earlier curricula. However, ratings of the relevance of the courses in medical psychology were disappointing and indicate the difficulty of teaching a biopsychosocial model to medical students. 展开更多
关键词 Teaching Evaluation Education in Medical Psychology Modellstudiengang Systemblock
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Energy-Saving and Economical Evaluations of a Ceramic Gas Turbine Cogeneration Plant 认领 引用
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作者 Satoru Okamoto 《Open Journal of Energy Efficiency》 2013年第2期89-96,共8页
A ceramic gas turbine can save energy because of its high thermal efficiency at high turbine inlet temperatures. This paper deals with the thermodynamic and economic aspects of a ceramic gas turbine cogeneration syste... A ceramic gas turbine can save energy because of its high thermal efficiency at high turbine inlet temperatures. This paper deals with the thermodynamic and economic aspects of a ceramic gas turbine cogeneration system. Here cogeneration means the simultaneous production of electrical en-ergy and useful thermal energy from the same facility. The thermodynamic performance of a ceramic gas turbine cycle is assessed using a computer model. This model is used in parametric studies of performance under partial loads and at various inlet air temperatures. The computed performance is compared to the measured performance of a conventional gas turbine cycle. Then, an economic evaluation of a ceramic gas turbine cogeneration system is investigated. Energy savings provided by this system are estimated on the basis of the distributions of heat/power ratios. The computed economic evaluation is compared to the actual economic performance of a conventional system in which boilers produce the required thermal energy and electricity is purchased from a utility. 展开更多
关键词 Energy Exergy Energy-Saving Economical Evaluation Ceramic Gas Turbine Cogeneration Plant
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Study of Tissue Engineered Dental Implants of human alveolar Bone-Evaluations on their osteogenic activities invitro 认领 引用
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作者 WT4”HZ] YAO Hui 《Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering(English Edition)》 CAS 2000年第3期95-110,共16页
The development of the activated cellular bony implant, in light of the principle on tissue engineering, has brought about a new era to the fields of dental maxillofacial implantation. The present study separated the ... The development of the activated cellular bony implant, in light of the principle on tissue engineering, has brought about a new era to the fields of dental maxillofacial implantation. The present study separated the osteoblast like cells from human alveolar bone and seeded them into 3 types of biodegradable scaffold to form the complexes and then evaluated their osteogenic activities in vitro, in order to acquire experimental data that are essential to future clinical practice of this new type of therapeutical procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Material and methods: Human alveolar bone origin cells were separated from alveolar bone around the third impacted teeth of 3 patients by enzyme digestion and went on cultures with α MEM containing β glycerophosphate and Dexamethasone at 5% CO2 ,37℃ for 21 28 days. Confirmed osteoblasts like cells were then seeded onto 3 types of degradable biomaterials of polyglycolic acid scaffold, collagen sponge, and L lactic acid/ε caprolactone to form cell matrices complexes. The 3 types of complex were continued to culture for 21 28 days in vitro at the same conditions with the single layer cultured cells. The cell proliferation, morphological changes, ALPase activity and mineral nodules formation on scaffolds were measured and observed at 3 days intervals to evaluate the affinities & the osteogenic activities of the human alveolar osteoblast like cells in the 3 different complexes. Result and discussion: The results indicated that the cultured human alveolar bone origin cells from 3 patients could successfully express the osteoblasts phenotype in single layered culturing in vitro after stimulated by β glycerophosphate and Dexamethasone. It has been shown that the cultured osteoblast like cells seeded on PGAS matrix had the highest attachmental, proliferative and osteogenic activities, suggesting a good bio affinity between the human alveolar osteoblast like cells and the PGAS matrix. The statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed that there were significant differences between PGAS osteoblasts complex and CLGS or LACT complexes on osteogenic activities. (P<0.05). It was also noticed that cultured human alveolar osteoblasts seeded in biodegradable materials had a delayed peak period on cell proliferation and PLAase production ,suggesting the osteoblasts seeded on scaffolds need a period of time to adjust themselves before they can normally proliferate and expres their phenotypes. Conclusion: PGAS osteoblasts complex is worth to be further developed into a tissue engineered cellular artificial bony implant for reconstructing the oral maxillofacial bony defects in a more effective way in the future. 展开更多
关键词 tissue engineering dental implants human alveolar osteoblasts biodegradable scaffold osteogenic activities in vitro evaluation
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