Root-inspired anchorage systems in the field of bio-inspired geotechnics are renowned for enhancing the pullout capacity of traditional geotechnical anchorage systems by simulating the morphology and architecture of p...Root-inspired anchorage systems in the field of bio-inspired geotechnics are renowned for enhancing the pullout capacity of traditional geotechnical anchorage systems by simulating the morphology and architecture of plant root systems.However,limited studies have explored their practical applications,particularly in improving slope stability.To fill this gap,this study investigates the reinforcement effect of root-inspired anchors on slope stabilization using transparent soil modeling and 3D-printed anchors,and examines the impact of anchor branching patterns(i.e.branching numbers,branching angle,and branching nodes)on slope bearing capacity,shear band evolution,and temporal and spatial variation of slope deformation.The results show that peak slope bearing capacity increases with branching numbers and branching angles,correlating with the envelope area of the curved shear band.Upper anchors result in step-like deflections in the shear band near the trailing edge,while lower anchors convert the upward concave shear band into an upward convex one,thus increasing the slope bearing capacity.Slope deformation is minimized with intermediate branching parameters,such as a branching number of 4 and a branching angle of 45°.The anchor reinforcement mechanisms,i.e.anchor rod shear resistance,interface friction,anchor pullout capacity,and plate tightening effects,are comprehensively discussed,and the installation effects resulting from compromise slope modeling are identified as the contributors.These findings shed light on the failure process of root-inspired anchors reinforced slopes and provide a preliminary reference for potential applications,especially for the tradeoff between anchor branching,slope deformation,and slope stability.展开更多
The reliability of Unmanned Swarm Systems(USSs)represents a critical research domain essential for ensuring the safety and stability of system operations.Given the dynamic nature of missions and environments,it is ess...The reliability of Unmanned Swarm Systems(USSs)represents a critical research domain essential for ensuring the safety and stability of system operations.Given the dynamic nature of missions and environments,it is essential to equip the reliability models of USSs with appropriate evolutionary capabilities to enhance the credibility of the evaluation process.However,much of the work in this field is primarily designed for Unmanned Equipment(UE)or components,limiting its applicability to USSs.This study proposes a multi-agent-based short-cycle reliability evolution model for USSs.An evolution framework for the agent-based reliability model is developed to effectively integrate the evolution elements,evolution timing,and evolution strategies of the USS reliability model.The internal modules and data flow of agents are designed to describe the associated elements of USSs and support model evolution.Moreover,the study emphasizes the Adaptive Adjustment of Failure Propagation Paths(AAFPP)and the Online Addition and Removal of System Agents(OARSA),supported by associated trigger mechanisms and evolution strategies.A case study involving a 6-UAV swarm for surface reconnaissance validates the approach,demonstrating an average of 23 model evolutions per simulation,with AAFPP accounting for 54.56%of adjustments.展开更多
To reveal the influence of moisture content on the mechanical properties and damage of gangue cemented backfill,uniaxial compression tests were carried out on gangue cemented backfill with four different moisture cont...To reveal the influence of moisture content on the mechanical properties and damage of gangue cemented backfill,uniaxial compression tests were carried out on gangue cemented backfill with four different moisture contents(dry,natural,immersed,and saturated).The influence of moisture content on the characteristic parameters,energy evolution,distribution characteristics and peak point energy index of gangue cemented backfill was considered.The unit characteristic change rate and unit energy change rate were proposed to describe the degree of variation in the characteristic parameters and peak point energy indicators with moisture content.From the perspective of energy dissipation,a damage constitutive model considering the initial compaction closure and post-peak failure stages was established,and the model was revised to compensate for the shortcomings of the current damage constitutive model research.The stress−strain curve of the gangue-cemented backfill before reaching the saturated state exhibited a typical four-stage characteristic,whereas the gangue-cemented backfill in the saturated state lost the initial compaction closure stage.The characteristic parameters of the cemented gangue backfill decreased in the form of a quadratic function with the increase of moisture content.The unit characteristic change rate gradually decreased with the increase of moisture content,and the decreased amplitude gradually increased,indicating that the order of the influence of moisture state on the unit characteristic change rate of gangue cemented backfill was:drying effect<immersion effect<saturation effect.The energy evolution law of gangue cemented backfill with different moisture contents was consistent with the stage characteristics of the stress−strain curve.Before the saturated state,the elastic energy ratio curves of the gangue-cemented backfill all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,whereas the dissipation energy ratio curves showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing.The order of influence of the moisture state on the unit energy change rate of the total strain energy and elastic energy of the gangue-cemented backfill was as follows:drying effect<immersion effect<saturation effect,while the order of influence on the unit energy change rate of the dissipated energy was as follows:saturation effect<immersion effect<drying effect.With the increase in the moisture content of the gangue-cemented backfill,the failure mode of the backfill mainly underwent a transformation from tensile failure to tensile-shear mixed failure and then to"V"-shaped shear failure.The modified damage constitutive model based on energy dissipation considering the initial compaction closure stage and the post-peak failure stage has a high consistency with the test curve,and the energy dissipation curve and damage evolution curve of the cemented gangue backfill with different moisture content were also consistent.When the dissipation energy curve reached the threshold,the damage evolution curve also reached the threshold.These results provide a theoretical basis for studying the long-term stability of gangue-cemented backfill with different moisture contents in the goaf.展开更多
To reveal the influence of coupled effects of dry-wet cycling and precompression stress(CEDWCPS)on the damage evolution of limestone with horizontal fissure(LHF),a series of degradation and uniaxial compression tests ...To reveal the influence of coupled effects of dry-wet cycling and precompression stress(CEDWCPS)on the damage evolution of limestone with horizontal fissure(LHF),a series of degradation and uniaxial compression tests were conducted,and a corresponding piecewise damage constitutive model(PDCM)was established.We found that both dry-wet cycling and precompression stress deteriorate the physical properties,alter the microscopic characteristics,and reduce the mechanical properties of the LHF.These degradations are particularly pronounced under the CEDWCPS,although the magnitude of these changes gradually diminishes with the progression of dry-wet cycling.Meanwhile,they also reduce the deformation degree,prolong the micropore compaction stage,shorten the unstable crack propagation stage,lower the frequency and intensity of AE events,decrease the high-amplitude and high-frequency AE signals,enlarge crack scales,and shorten the crack initiation time.Among the changes of these indicators,the dry-wet cycling plays a dominant role.The crack types of LHF under the CEDWCPS(LHFCEDWCPS)are predominantly tensile cracks,supplemented by shear cracks.The failure mode can be defined as tensileshear composite failure.Finally,the established PDCM effectively captures the nonlinear deformation of micropore and the linear deformation of the matrix in LHFCEDWCPS,with all corresponding R2 consistently exceeding 0.97.展开更多
The dynamic evolution of fracture permeability presents a critical scientific challenge in rock masses.Understanding the mechanisms of rock mass permeability evolution is vital for engineering project design and opera...The dynamic evolution of fracture permeability presents a critical scientific challenge in rock masses.Understanding the mechanisms of rock mass permeability evolution is vital for engineering project design and operations.By integrating the discrete element method(DEM)with the finite element method(FEM),a numerical simulation framework for shear seepage in rough fractured shale has been developed to investigate the dynamic mechanisms of permeability evolution under varying confining pressures and during the shearing process.Numerical simulations were conducted on rough fractured samples under effective confining pressures ranging from 5 MPa to 20 MPa to monitor the aperture and permeability evolution of the fracture.The results of the numerical simulation are consistent with the experimental observations,indicating that both the shearing process and confining pressure significantly influence permeability.Moreover,the magnitude of the confining pressure is a crucial factor influencing the trend in permeability changes.Under a confining pressure of 5 MPa,fracture permeability initially increases significantly but decreases post-shearing.In contrast,a continuous decrease in fracture permeability is observed when the confining pressure exceeds 10 MPa.The results of the shear numerical simulation indicate that the confining pressure restricts fracture dilation during shearing,promotes the generation of rock debris,and decreases both the permeability and transmissivity of the fracture.The wear results obtained from numerical simulations are consistent with the experimental patterns and correlate with the joint roughness coefficient(JRC).This study proposed an effective numerical simulation method to reveal the evolution mechanism of fracture flow capacity,taking into account the wear of the fracture surface in shear simulations and the initial stress state of the rock in seepage simulations.This research explains the permeability evolution mechanism of fractured shale from a microscopic perspective,and the proposed numerical simulation method for shear seepage provides a powerful means to uncover the dynamic evolution mechanisms governing fracture permeability.展开更多
Large language models(LLMs)have demonstrated significant potential as black-box optimizers due to their strong reasoning capabilities.However,challenges such as the hallucination phenomenon introduce instability and u...Large language models(LLMs)have demonstrated significant potential as black-box optimizers due to their strong reasoning capabilities.However,challenges such as the hallucination phenomenon introduce instability and uncertainty,limiting their effectiveness.This paper proposes an LLM-driven evolutionary optimization framework,referred to as LLM-driven hybrid evolutionary optimization framework(LHO),that integrates LLMs with traditional evolutionary operators.LLMs accelerate the optimization process by generating high-quality solutions,while evolutionary operators ensure stability and provide performance guarantees.To further enhance robustness,we introduce a hallucination-resilient mechanism to mitigate the risks associated with LLM hallucinations.Experimental results on various benchmark tests,encompassing single-objective,multiobjective,and complex constrained multiobjective problems,confirm the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed framework,offering valuable insights and future directions for LLM as evolutionary optimizers.展开更多
Welding deformation adversely affects the quality and precision of structural components,and traditional methods require significant material resources and time.Machine learning has demonstrated exceptional ac-curacy ...Welding deformation adversely affects the quality and precision of structural components,and traditional methods require significant material resources and time.Machine learning has demonstrated exceptional ac-curacy and efficiency in solving complex problems.Thus,the use of machine learning to predict welding de-formations is a novel approach.In this study,laser welding experiments were conducted on a TC4 titanium alloy to establish a welding deformation dataset.The deep neural network(DNN)and convolutional neural network(CNN)models were designed and constructed,with average prediction errors of 0.85 mm and 0.94 mm on the validation set,respectively.To further optimize the network parameters,a differential evolution algorithm was employed through mutation,crossover,and selection.The results indicated that after optimization,the pre-diction errors of the DNN and CNN models reduced to 0.75 mm and 0.85 mm,respectively.These represent accuracy improvements of 14.8%and 9.6%,respectively.The optimized models exhibited superior predictive performances for the validation set.展开更多
The numerical simulation and experimental investigation on the surface microtexture evolution of austenitic stainless steel(ASS)thin strip during asymmetric rolling(ASR)process are involved.The crystal plasticity fini...The numerical simulation and experimental investigation on the surface microtexture evolution of austenitic stainless steel(ASS)thin strip during asymmetric rolling(ASR)process are involved.The crystal plasticity finite element method was employed to evaluate the deformation behavior of ASS thin strip during ASR,and also,the deformation behavior of ASS thin strip during symmetric rolling was comparatively studied,with a purpose of unraveling the surface microtexture evolution mechanism during ASR.Both numerical and experimental results demonstrate an increase in the surface roughness of strip surface in contacting with the roll of fast side,along with the increase in the differential speed ratio during ASR.A comprehensive analysis on ASR mechanism is performed,revealing that the equivalent strain rate increases in conjunction with the increase in the differential speed ratio,resulting in uneven plastic deformation of grains and the formation of undulated surface microtexture,which ultimately compromise the surface quality.In addition,ASR introduces remarkable shear force on the workpiece,thereby promoting the formation of{112}and{111}oriented grains.The effects of{112}and{111}components on the slip and deformation behavior are discussed,and the results show that{112}orientation is detrimental to the surface roughness of ASS thin strip during ASR,whereas{111}orientation exerts a negligible influence on the surface roughness of ASS thin strip during ASR.展开更多
Marine-continental transitional shale(McTS)gas holds excellent gas-generating hydrocarbon basis and exploration potential.Conducting quantitative analysis on the evolution of shale gas content and the coupled relation...Marine-continental transitional shale(McTS)gas holds excellent gas-generating hydrocarbon basis and exploration potential.Conducting quantitative analysis on the evolution of shale gas content and the coupled relationship between hydrocarbon generation and storage during geological history is essential for a profound understanding of shale gas enrichment mechanisms.This studyestablishes integrated models for hydrocarbon generation evolution,porosity evolution,and gas occurrence in Type Ill organicrich MCTS through a synergistic experimental approach combining multi-temperature methane isothermal adsorption experiments andgold-tube pyrolysis experiments on low-maturity shale samples.Simulating a variety of real and virtual burial histories and thermal histories,the evolution process ofgas content in McTSwas reconstructed and the influence of various geological conditions during burial on gas content evolution was clarified.The results indicate that a seven-stage evolution(AG)of gas content in McTS from the Shanxi Formation,Southern North China Basin.Critical thresholds include:(1)dissolution-enhancedreservoir modification at vitrinite reflectance(EasyRo)=1.0%,(2)adsorbed gas saturation at EasyRo=1.3%,(3)dual saturation of free andadsorbedgas at EasyRo=2.0%,(4)15%30%gas loss through expulsion during overmature stages(EasyRo>2.0%),and(5)partial freeto-adsorbed gas conversion triggered by tectonic uplift.Total organic carbon(ToC)content and overpressure exhibit positive correlations with gas content,while tectonic uplift magnitude shows a negative impact.The influence of maximum burial depth,paleo-heat flow,andgeothermalgradient demonstrate complex nonlinear relationships on gas content.展开更多
To clarify the thermal evolution characteristics of organic matter in the ZizhongWeiyuan area in Sichuan Basin,solid bitumen reflectance of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation(QFm)shale was measured by Raman Spect...To clarify the thermal evolution characteristics of organic matter in the ZizhongWeiyuan area in Sichuan Basin,solid bitumen reflectance of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation(QFm)shale was measured by Raman Spectroscopy(RS)method.Constrained by vitrinite reflectance(Ro)data,burial and thermal evolution histories of QFm shale were reconstructed through basin numerical simulation technology.The evolution model of and critical period of organic matter was determined,and its dominant drivers were analyzed.The results show that the asphalt Raman vitrinite reflectance(RmcRo)ranges from 3.21%to 4.15%.Thermal maturity within the trough follows a southern part>central part>northern part trend.Thermal maturity is moderate within the paleo-uplift,whereas organic matter outside the paleo-uplift has undergone graphitization.Two types of thermal evolution imprints were established:a continuous heating type and a stop heating type of Silurian–Permian.Sedimentary burial,paleogeomorphology,tectonic movement and Emeishan mantle plume are the dominant drivers of multi-stage thermal imprints of the QFm shale.The three factors are coupled with each other.The Late Caledonian and Late Indosinian are the key periods of organic matter thermal evolution.The Leshan-Longnüsi paleo-uplift weakens the thermal effect of the Permian Emeishan mantle plume.The current thermal evolution pattern of the QFm is mainly determined by the continuous subsidence of the Triassic–Cretaceous.Stop heating model of Silurian–Permian locks the maturity of organic matter in the gold window,thus controlling the enrichment of QFm shale gas.It provides new insights for shale gas migration,enrichment and effective exploration and development of shale gas in the Lower Paleozoic QFm.展开更多
Understanding the evolution of damage,fracturing,and permeability in shale under stress-permeability coupling is crucial for safe and efficient shale gas extraction.In this study,a coupled stress-permeability numerica...Understanding the evolution of damage,fracturing,and permeability in shale under stress-permeability coupling is crucial for safe and efficient shale gas extraction.In this study,a coupled stress-permeability numerical model was developed to describe the fracturing behavior and permeability evolution of shale under varying bedding angles and stress conditions.The model incorporates mesoscale heterogeneity,anisotropy,and a local material degradation law to capture progressive failure.Validation against experimental data confirmed its reliability.The interlaminar strength ratio(b)was introduced to investigate the damage and failure processes of layered shale,as well as the evolution of permeability,under uniaxial and triaxial compression.Results indicate significant variations in failure modes and mechanical properties across bedding configurations,with permeability increasing as microcracks propagate until failure.The model was also extended to simulate hydraulic fracturing,showing that the coefficient of lateral stress(λ=σh/σv)strongly affects fracture propagation.Whenλ>0.83,fractures propagate in a markedly more complex and random manner;whenλ<0.67,they predominantly align with the maximum principal stress.Five types of hydraulic fractures were identified,highlighting that trans-layer and bifurcated fractures are essential for complex fracture networks.These findings aid hydraulic fracturing design and shale gas recovery.展开更多
The permeability of methane hydrate-bearing sediments(MHBS)is a key parameter for evaluating reservoir exploitation potential and formulating efficient production strategies.In actual field development,MHBS exists in ...The permeability of methane hydrate-bearing sediments(MHBS)is a key parameter for evaluating reservoir exploitation potential and formulating efficient production strategies.In actual field development,MHBS exists in a complex environment characterized by stress-seepage coupling.Research on the permeability model of methane hydrate-bearing sediments under multi-factor coupling conditions remains scarce,limiting the assessment of methane hydrate(MH)reservoir hydrocarbon production potential and efficient development.This study used quartz sand and deep-sea clay from the South China Sea as matrix materials to generate MH,simulating MHBS.Systematic triaxial seepage experiments were conducted to assess the influence of multiple factors,including triaxial shear process,effective confining pressure,and hydrate saturation,on the permeability characteristics of MHBS.The results demonstrate the following:(1)During triaxial compression,permeability exhibits a nonlinear variation—first decreasing and then stabilizing or rebounding—with increasing shear strain,reflecting stress-induced pore structure evolution;(2)the permeability of MHBS decreases nonlinearly with increasing effective confining pressure,showing higher sensitivity in the low-pressure range.Effective confining pressure reduces sample permeability by compressing seepage channels,and this effect is more significant at the initial stages of stress growth;(3)hydrate saturation is negatively correlated with permeability,with the cementing effect of hydrates being the primary cause for the decrease in permeability of MHBS,also reducing the impact of effective confining pressure;(4)effective confining pressure,hydrate saturation,and shear strain have a coupled effect,jointly influencing the permeability of MHBS,but their relative weights vary and require specific consideration;(5)based on experimental data,a permeability prediction model considering the coupling effects of shear strain,effective confining pressure,and hydrate saturation was established.This model demonstrates excellent predictive accuracy and can be applied to forecast the hydrocarbon yield potential of MHBS under varying geological and engineering conditions,providing quantitative basis for reservoir evaluation and gas production prediction.This study bridges the gap between laboratory permeability characterization and field production capacity forecasting,offering critical theoretical and technical support for the sustainable development of marine gas hydrate resources.展开更多
The newly-issued 2025 policy on deepening the market-oriented reform of new energy feed-in tariffs has exerted a profound impact on reshaping the development pattern of new energy industries,such as photovoltaic power...The newly-issued 2025 policy on deepening the market-oriented reform of new energy feed-in tariffs has exerted a profound impact on reshaping the development pattern of new energy industries,such as photovoltaic power.In this evolving context,collaborative grid-connection among photovoltaic power generation enterprises,power grid enterprises,and government agencies is crucial for enhancing the competitiveness of the new energy industry and achieving energy transition.This paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model to deeply explore the strategy selection and key influencing factors of each subject in the grid-connection process.It integrates large language models(LLMs)to analyze factors affecting strategy selection among different stakeholders and utilizes LLMs to capture the heterogeneous cognitive characteristics of different subjects,thereby overcoming the limitations of"strong assumptions"commonly found in traditional game models.Through multi-round semantic parsing,it identifies key influencing factors such as market-oriented electricity price fluctuations,technological innovation costs,and assessment penalty.Furthermore,based on the actual data of photovoltaic industry development in Jiangxi and Hubei Provinces,numerical simulations are employed to analyze the impact of key factors(e.g.,marketoriented electricity price fluctuations)on the strategic choices of the three stakeholder parties under the new policy framework and verify the model's effectiveness.The study clarifies the critical thresholds affecting collaborative grid connection,providing a data-driven theoretical basis for the government to implement targeted policies and enterprises to optimize decision-making.展开更多
The geometric shape of a charge critically influences the spatial distribution of underwater explosion shock wave loads.While recent studies have investigated the basic characteristics of non-spherical charges,quantit...The geometric shape of a charge critically influences the spatial distribution of underwater explosion shock wave loads.While recent studies have investigated the basic characteristics of non-spherical charges,quantitative boundaries for shape effects and efficient omnidirectional prediction methods remain challenges in engineering applications.This study systematically investigates the spatiotemporal evolution of shock waves from cylindrical charges using integrated experiments and numerical simulations.Distinct from conventional axial-radial analysis,this work quantitatively characterizes the directional evolution of shock waves,revealing that the high-pressure zone concentrates within the radial sector(typically 60°–152°),while explicit"Enhancement"and"Diminishment"zones are mapped across the full spectrum.A key contribution of this research is the establishment of a critical distance criterion(Lc),formulated as Lcc=1.96+12.83λ,which delineates the operational domain where charge shape effects must be considered.Furthermore,to address the limitation of existing empirical formulas,a novel shape factor is proposed and embedded into a deep neural network(DNN).This physics-informed data-driven model achieves high-precision prediction(error<10%)of full-field shock wave pressure for charges with varying length-to-diameter ratios(1–10).This work provides theoretical insights into directional evolution and offers a practical,rapid assessment tool for the blast-resistant design of marine structures.展开更多
Locked segments are high-strength structural elements in fault zones that release significantseismic energy during earthquakes.In fracture mechanics,they act as high-stress concentration patches(asperities)where ruptu...Locked segments are high-strength structural elements in fault zones that release significantseismic energy during earthquakes.In fracture mechanics,they act as high-stress concentration patches(asperities)where rupture initiates.The progressive failure of locked segments along faults plays a crucial role in the energy partition of earthquakes.The impact of locked segments on the near-fielddeformation and nucleation of faults,however,remains poorly understood.In this study,rock-like materials with pre-manufactured strike-slip faults containing various locked segments lengths under uniaxial stress.The mechanical properties,local deformation fields,and slip displacement rates during the uniaxial loading of the models were quantified.Results indicate that the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of the system peak once the ratio of locked segment to fault length is approximately 0.6.Meanwhile,the resistance of the models to deformation increased,and the failure mode transformed from shear failure to tensile failure.Under loading,compression and dilatation quadrants were formed on both sides of the fault.Large-scale fractures dominate the dilatation quadrants,and the degree of deformation disturbance in this region was significantly higher than that in the compression quadrants.With increasing locked segment length,the amplitude of deformation perturbations decreased after the peak strength.Shorter locked segments were more susceptible to deformation and failure.In the fracture evolution process,a relationship between the stress deflectionangle and the displacement rate was found,which is empirically described by an exponential function.These findings clarify geological structures failure mechanisms and support seismic hazard assessment for strike-slip earthquake regions.展开更多
A tripartite evolutionary game model of enterprise,air traffic control(ATC)and passengers in an air-rail intermodal transport(ARIT)system was developed and investigated.The optimal interaction among enterprise,ATC and...A tripartite evolutionary game model of enterprise,air traffic control(ATC)and passengers in an air-rail intermodal transport(ARIT)system was developed and investigated.The optimal interaction among enterprise,ATC and passengers was explored based on the congestion charging mechanism,as presented in terms of the payoffs and decision-making behaviors of three participants.Payoff matrices were established for three game players,wherein fare,mileage cost,en-route charge and generalized travel cost were taken into consideration.After that,the replicated dynamic equations were derived and employed to analyze the reliability of the proposed model and the dynamic behaviors of each game player under initial conditions.Eventually,the Beijing-Shanghai,Beijing-Guangzhou and Beijing-Kunming corridors were used as practical cases to clarify the impact of key factors(e.g.,distance,enroute charge and passenger sharing ratio)on the evolutionary trend and final strategy.The results showed that three players tend to choose the strategy which is always profitable.The enterprises would choose to introduce the ARIT strategy in medium-distance route,but not in short-and long-distance route,ATC chose to implement the congestion charging strategy,and passengers preferred the ARIT strategy.In addition,the final strategies were affected by any changes in key factors,and enterprises were more sensitive and likely to introduce the ARIT strategy out of individual interest.展开更多
Understanding the evolutionary relationships and diversification of large,ecologically important plant families,such as Malvaceae s.l.,is crucial for understanding angiosperm evolution and biogeographic patterns.Malva...Understanding the evolutionary relationships and diversification of large,ecologically important plant families,such as Malvaceae s.l.,is crucial for understanding angiosperm evolution and biogeographic patterns.Malvaceae s.l.,known for its morphological diversity and complex evolutionary history,presents unique challenges in resolving phylogenetic relationships due to factors such as hybridization,introgression,polyploidy,and incomplete lineage sorting(ILS).This study addresses these complexities by reconstructing phylogenetic relationships,estimating divergence times,and inferring ancestral geographic distributions of Malvaceae s.l.using both plastid and nuclear genomic data.The analysis includes 134 species of Malvaceae s.l.and two outgroup species,strongly supports the division of Malvaceae s.l.into two primary clades,Byttneriina and Malvadendrina,while clarifying relationships among the subfamilies Dombeyoideae,Brownlowioideae,Sterculioideae,and Tilioideae.This study reconstructs the evolutionary history of Malvaceae s.l.based on plastid and nuclear genomic data,revealing deep phylogenetic discordance largely driven by incomplete lineage sorting,with additional signals of localized introgression within subfamilies.Divergence time estimates place the origin of Malvaceae s.l.at approximately 134.31 Ma(95%HPD=123.16–138.33 Ma),representing its initial split from the outgroup lineage.The crown diversification of the family,corresponding to the divergence between its two major clades,Byttneriina and Malvadendrina,occurred around 119.38 Ma(95%HPD=106.48–130.92 Ma).Ancestral range reconstructions support an African origin,followed by dispersal to tropical regions worldwide.Specifically,the ancestors of the Malvadendrina clade likely dispersed from Africa to South America,while Byttneriina shows strong ties to a North American origin.展开更多
To promote the harmonious coexistence of cities and lakes and to achieve Sustainable Development Goals in the Taihu Lake Basin,we developed an analytical framework for city-lake symbiosis(CLS)on the basis of symbiosis...To promote the harmonious coexistence of cities and lakes and to achieve Sustainable Development Goals in the Taihu Lake Basin,we developed an analytical framework for city-lake symbiosis(CLS)on the basis of symbiosis theory.Using the Lotka-Volterra(L-V)model and a coordination degree model,we assessed the state and evolution of the CLS relationship.The findings reveal that urban development levels increased steadily from 27.36 in 1980 to 78.90 in 2020,whereas the ecological conditions of Taihu Lake initially decreased,followed by slow and fluctuating recovery.Overall,cities and Taihu Lake exhibited a“mutualism”relationship,withαandβvalues of-1.89 and-1.77,respectively,and a general upward trend in the degree of coordination over the study period.However,during the periods 1980-1998 and 2012-2016,the relationship displayed a pattern of“mutual damage”.The adverse effects of urban development accumulated gradually,in contrast to the rapid and abrupt deterioration observed in the lake.Ecological recovery in Taihu Lake progressed slowly and unevenly,stabilizing only after 2016 into a phase of sustained improvement.We recommend enhanced and coordinated efforts in ecological restoration and environmental governance to support this positive trajectory.展开更多
Hydraulic stimulation technology is widely employed to enhance the permeability of geothermal reservoirs.Nevertheless,accurately predicting hydraulic fracture propagation in complex geological conditions remains chall...Hydraulic stimulation technology is widely employed to enhance the permeability of geothermal reservoirs.Nevertheless,accurately predicting hydraulic fracture propagation in complex geological conditions remains challenging,thereby hindering the effective utilization of existing natural fractures.In this study,a phase field model was developed utilizing the finite element method to examine the influence of fluid presence,stress conditions,and natural fractures on the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fractures.The model employs Biot's poroelasticity theory to establish the coupling between the displacement field and the fluid field,while the phase field theory is applied to simulate fracture behavior.The results show that whenσx0/σy0<3 or qf<20 kg/(m3·s),the presence of natural fractures can alter the original propagation direction of hydraulic fractures.Conversely,in the absence of these conditions,the propagation path of natural fractures is predominantly influenced by the initial stress field.Furthermore,based on the analysis of breakdown pressure and damage area,the optimal intersection angle between natural fractures and hydraulic fractures is determined to range from 45°to 60°.Finally,once a dominant channel forms,initiating and propagating hydraulic fractures in other directions becomes increasingly difficult,even in highly fractured areas.This method tackles the challenges of initiating and propagating hydraulic fractures in complex geological conditions,providing a theoretical basis for optimizing Enhanced Geothermal System(EGS)projects.展开更多
基金supported by the High-end Foreign Expert Introduction Program(Grant No.G2022165004L)the Sichuan Transportation Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2018-ZL-01)China Railway 20th Bureau Science and Technology Project(Grant No.YF1900SD07B).
摘要Root-inspired anchorage systems in the field of bio-inspired geotechnics are renowned for enhancing the pullout capacity of traditional geotechnical anchorage systems by simulating the morphology and architecture of plant root systems.However,limited studies have explored their practical applications,particularly in improving slope stability.To fill this gap,this study investigates the reinforcement effect of root-inspired anchors on slope stabilization using transparent soil modeling and 3D-printed anchors,and examines the impact of anchor branching patterns(i.e.branching numbers,branching angle,and branching nodes)on slope bearing capacity,shear band evolution,and temporal and spatial variation of slope deformation.The results show that peak slope bearing capacity increases with branching numbers and branching angles,correlating with the envelope area of the curved shear band.Upper anchors result in step-like deflections in the shear band near the trailing edge,while lower anchors convert the upward concave shear band into an upward convex one,thus increasing the slope bearing capacity.Slope deformation is minimized with intermediate branching parameters,such as a branching number of 4 and a branching angle of 45°.The anchor reinforcement mechanisms,i.e.anchor rod shear resistance,interface friction,anchor pullout capacity,and plate tightening effects,are comprehensively discussed,and the installation effects resulting from compromise slope modeling are identified as the contributors.These findings shed light on the failure process of root-inspired anchors reinforced slopes and provide a preliminary reference for potential applications,especially for the tradeoff between anchor branching,slope deformation,and slope stability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.72501013 and 72501094)。
摘要The reliability of Unmanned Swarm Systems(USSs)represents a critical research domain essential for ensuring the safety and stability of system operations.Given the dynamic nature of missions and environments,it is essential to equip the reliability models of USSs with appropriate evolutionary capabilities to enhance the credibility of the evaluation process.However,much of the work in this field is primarily designed for Unmanned Equipment(UE)or components,limiting its applicability to USSs.This study proposes a multi-agent-based short-cycle reliability evolution model for USSs.An evolution framework for the agent-based reliability model is developed to effectively integrate the evolution elements,evolution timing,and evolution strategies of the USS reliability model.The internal modules and data flow of agents are designed to describe the associated elements of USSs and support model evolution.Moreover,the study emphasizes the Adaptive Adjustment of Failure Propagation Paths(AAFPP)and the Online Addition and Removal of System Agents(OARSA),supported by associated trigger mechanisms and evolution strategies.A case study involving a 6-UAV swarm for surface reconnaissance validates the approach,demonstrating an average of 23 model evolutions per simulation,with AAFPP accounting for 54.56%of adjustments.
基金Project(52130402)supported by Open Fund of the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(52404106)supported by Young Scientist Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China+3 种基金Project(2024M750015)supported by China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(KLXGY-KB2418)supported by Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Coal Resources Green Mining,Ministry of Education,ChinaProject(2024QB-103)supported by Gansu Province Youth Doctoral Support Project,ChinaProject(24JRRA1012)supported by Gansu Youth Science and Technology Fund,China。
摘要To reveal the influence of moisture content on the mechanical properties and damage of gangue cemented backfill,uniaxial compression tests were carried out on gangue cemented backfill with four different moisture contents(dry,natural,immersed,and saturated).The influence of moisture content on the characteristic parameters,energy evolution,distribution characteristics and peak point energy index of gangue cemented backfill was considered.The unit characteristic change rate and unit energy change rate were proposed to describe the degree of variation in the characteristic parameters and peak point energy indicators with moisture content.From the perspective of energy dissipation,a damage constitutive model considering the initial compaction closure and post-peak failure stages was established,and the model was revised to compensate for the shortcomings of the current damage constitutive model research.The stress−strain curve of the gangue-cemented backfill before reaching the saturated state exhibited a typical four-stage characteristic,whereas the gangue-cemented backfill in the saturated state lost the initial compaction closure stage.The characteristic parameters of the cemented gangue backfill decreased in the form of a quadratic function with the increase of moisture content.The unit characteristic change rate gradually decreased with the increase of moisture content,and the decreased amplitude gradually increased,indicating that the order of the influence of moisture state on the unit characteristic change rate of gangue cemented backfill was:drying effect<immersion effect<saturation effect.The energy evolution law of gangue cemented backfill with different moisture contents was consistent with the stage characteristics of the stress−strain curve.Before the saturated state,the elastic energy ratio curves of the gangue-cemented backfill all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,whereas the dissipation energy ratio curves showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing.The order of influence of the moisture state on the unit energy change rate of the total strain energy and elastic energy of the gangue-cemented backfill was as follows:drying effect<immersion effect<saturation effect,while the order of influence on the unit energy change rate of the dissipated energy was as follows:saturation effect<immersion effect<drying effect.With the increase in the moisture content of the gangue-cemented backfill,the failure mode of the backfill mainly underwent a transformation from tensile failure to tensile-shear mixed failure and then to"V"-shaped shear failure.The modified damage constitutive model based on energy dissipation considering the initial compaction closure stage and the post-peak failure stage has a high consistency with the test curve,and the energy dissipation curve and damage evolution curve of the cemented gangue backfill with different moisture content were also consistent.When the dissipation energy curve reached the threshold,the damage evolution curve also reached the threshold.These results provide a theoretical basis for studying the long-term stability of gangue-cemented backfill with different moisture contents in the goaf.
基金supported by the Yunnan Province Science and Technology Plan Project(No.202403AA080001-4)the Key Research and Development Project of Guangxi,China(No.guikeAB24010144)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(Nos.2021YFB3901402 and 2018YFC1504802)。
摘要To reveal the influence of coupled effects of dry-wet cycling and precompression stress(CEDWCPS)on the damage evolution of limestone with horizontal fissure(LHF),a series of degradation and uniaxial compression tests were conducted,and a corresponding piecewise damage constitutive model(PDCM)was established.We found that both dry-wet cycling and precompression stress deteriorate the physical properties,alter the microscopic characteristics,and reduce the mechanical properties of the LHF.These degradations are particularly pronounced under the CEDWCPS,although the magnitude of these changes gradually diminishes with the progression of dry-wet cycling.Meanwhile,they also reduce the deformation degree,prolong the micropore compaction stage,shorten the unstable crack propagation stage,lower the frequency and intensity of AE events,decrease the high-amplitude and high-frequency AE signals,enlarge crack scales,and shorten the crack initiation time.Among the changes of these indicators,the dry-wet cycling plays a dominant role.The crack types of LHF under the CEDWCPS(LHFCEDWCPS)are predominantly tensile cracks,supplemented by shear cracks.The failure mode can be defined as tensileshear composite failure.Finally,the established PDCM effectively captures the nonlinear deformation of micropore and the linear deformation of the matrix in LHFCEDWCPS,with all corresponding R2 consistently exceeding 0.97.
基金funded by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U23A20671)the Major Project of Inner Mongolia Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0034)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engi-neering(Grant No.Z021003).
摘要The dynamic evolution of fracture permeability presents a critical scientific challenge in rock masses.Understanding the mechanisms of rock mass permeability evolution is vital for engineering project design and operations.By integrating the discrete element method(DEM)with the finite element method(FEM),a numerical simulation framework for shear seepage in rough fractured shale has been developed to investigate the dynamic mechanisms of permeability evolution under varying confining pressures and during the shearing process.Numerical simulations were conducted on rough fractured samples under effective confining pressures ranging from 5 MPa to 20 MPa to monitor the aperture and permeability evolution of the fracture.The results of the numerical simulation are consistent with the experimental observations,indicating that both the shearing process and confining pressure significantly influence permeability.Moreover,the magnitude of the confining pressure is a crucial factor influencing the trend in permeability changes.Under a confining pressure of 5 MPa,fracture permeability initially increases significantly but decreases post-shearing.In contrast,a continuous decrease in fracture permeability is observed when the confining pressure exceeds 10 MPa.The results of the shear numerical simulation indicate that the confining pressure restricts fracture dilation during shearing,promotes the generation of rock debris,and decreases both the permeability and transmissivity of the fracture.The wear results obtained from numerical simulations are consistent with the experimental patterns and correlate with the joint roughness coefficient(JRC).This study proposed an effective numerical simulation method to reveal the evolution mechanism of fracture flow capacity,taking into account the wear of the fracture surface in shear simulations and the initial stress state of the rock in seepage simulations.This research explains the permeability evolution mechanism of fractured shale from a microscopic perspective,and the proposed numerical simulation method for shear seepage provides a powerful means to uncover the dynamic evolution mechanisms governing fracture permeability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62550020,72421002)the Science and Technology Project for Young and Middle-aged Talents of Hunan(2023TJ-Z03)+1 种基金the University Fundamental Research Fund(23-ZZCX-JDZ-28)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents of China(BX20250439)。
摘要Large language models(LLMs)have demonstrated significant potential as black-box optimizers due to their strong reasoning capabilities.However,challenges such as the hallucination phenomenon introduce instability and uncertainty,limiting their effectiveness.This paper proposes an LLM-driven evolutionary optimization framework,referred to as LLM-driven hybrid evolutionary optimization framework(LHO),that integrates LLMs with traditional evolutionary operators.LLMs accelerate the optimization process by generating high-quality solutions,while evolutionary operators ensure stability and provide performance guarantees.To further enhance robustness,we introduce a hallucination-resilient mechanism to mitigate the risks associated with LLM hallucinations.Experimental results on various benchmark tests,encompassing single-objective,multiobjective,and complex constrained multiobjective problems,confirm the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed framework,offering valuable insights and future directions for LLM as evolutionary optimizers.
基金Supported by Defense Industrial Technology Development Program of China(Grant No.JCKY2021605B015).
摘要Welding deformation adversely affects the quality and precision of structural components,and traditional methods require significant material resources and time.Machine learning has demonstrated exceptional ac-curacy and efficiency in solving complex problems.Thus,the use of machine learning to predict welding de-formations is a novel approach.In this study,laser welding experiments were conducted on a TC4 titanium alloy to establish a welding deformation dataset.The deep neural network(DNN)and convolutional neural network(CNN)models were designed and constructed,with average prediction errors of 0.85 mm and 0.94 mm on the validation set,respectively.To further optimize the network parameters,a differential evolution algorithm was employed through mutation,crossover,and selection.The results indicated that after optimization,the pre-diction errors of the DNN and CNN models reduced to 0.75 mm and 0.85 mm,respectively.These represent accuracy improvements of 14.8%and 9.6%,respectively.The optimized models exhibited superior predictive performances for the validation set.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52275359,52105392 and 12225207)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(Grant No.20210302123166).
摘要The numerical simulation and experimental investigation on the surface microtexture evolution of austenitic stainless steel(ASS)thin strip during asymmetric rolling(ASR)process are involved.The crystal plasticity finite element method was employed to evaluate the deformation behavior of ASS thin strip during ASR,and also,the deformation behavior of ASS thin strip during symmetric rolling was comparatively studied,with a purpose of unraveling the surface microtexture evolution mechanism during ASR.Both numerical and experimental results demonstrate an increase in the surface roughness of strip surface in contacting with the roll of fast side,along with the increase in the differential speed ratio during ASR.A comprehensive analysis on ASR mechanism is performed,revealing that the equivalent strain rate increases in conjunction with the increase in the differential speed ratio,resulting in uneven plastic deformation of grains and the formation of undulated surface microtexture,which ultimately compromise the surface quality.In addition,ASR introduces remarkable shear force on the workpiece,thereby promoting the formation of{112}and{111}oriented grains.The effects of{112}and{111}components on the slip and deformation behavior are discussed,and the results show that{112}orientation is detrimental to the surface roughness of ASS thin strip during ASR,whereas{111}orientation exerts a negligible influence on the surface roughness of ASS thin strip during ASR.
基金supported by theNational Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42472210 and U25D9024)geological survey project of the China Geological Survey Oil and Gas Survey(No.[2024]02-07-03)the Grants-in-Aid of American Association of Petroleum Geologists(AAPG).
摘要Marine-continental transitional shale(McTS)gas holds excellent gas-generating hydrocarbon basis and exploration potential.Conducting quantitative analysis on the evolution of shale gas content and the coupled relationship between hydrocarbon generation and storage during geological history is essential for a profound understanding of shale gas enrichment mechanisms.This studyestablishes integrated models for hydrocarbon generation evolution,porosity evolution,and gas occurrence in Type Ill organicrich MCTS through a synergistic experimental approach combining multi-temperature methane isothermal adsorption experiments andgold-tube pyrolysis experiments on low-maturity shale samples.Simulating a variety of real and virtual burial histories and thermal histories,the evolution process ofgas content in McTSwas reconstructed and the influence of various geological conditions during burial on gas content evolution was clarified.The results indicate that a seven-stage evolution(AG)of gas content in McTS from the Shanxi Formation,Southern North China Basin.Critical thresholds include:(1)dissolution-enhancedreservoir modification at vitrinite reflectance(EasyRo)=1.0%,(2)adsorbed gas saturation at EasyRo=1.3%,(3)dual saturation of free andadsorbedgas at EasyRo=2.0%,(4)15%30%gas loss through expulsion during overmature stages(EasyRo>2.0%),and(5)partial freeto-adsorbed gas conversion triggered by tectonic uplift.Total organic carbon(ToC)content and overpressure exhibit positive correlations with gas content,while tectonic uplift magnitude shows a negative impact.The influence of maximum burial depth,paleo-heat flow,andgeothermalgradient demonstrate complex nonlinear relationships on gas content.
基金funded by the Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U24A20592 and 42272137)Guizhou Province Science and Technology Innovation Talent Team,Construction of the Science and Technology Innovation Talent Team for the Evaluation and Development of Unconventional Natural Gas Resources in Complex Structural Areas(No.Qian Ke He Platform Talent-CXTD[2023]013)。
摘要To clarify the thermal evolution characteristics of organic matter in the ZizhongWeiyuan area in Sichuan Basin,solid bitumen reflectance of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation(QFm)shale was measured by Raman Spectroscopy(RS)method.Constrained by vitrinite reflectance(Ro)data,burial and thermal evolution histories of QFm shale were reconstructed through basin numerical simulation technology.The evolution model of and critical period of organic matter was determined,and its dominant drivers were analyzed.The results show that the asphalt Raman vitrinite reflectance(RmcRo)ranges from 3.21%to 4.15%.Thermal maturity within the trough follows a southern part>central part>northern part trend.Thermal maturity is moderate within the paleo-uplift,whereas organic matter outside the paleo-uplift has undergone graphitization.Two types of thermal evolution imprints were established:a continuous heating type and a stop heating type of Silurian–Permian.Sedimentary burial,paleogeomorphology,tectonic movement and Emeishan mantle plume are the dominant drivers of multi-stage thermal imprints of the QFm shale.The three factors are coupled with each other.The Late Caledonian and Late Indosinian are the key periods of organic matter thermal evolution.The Leshan-Longnüsi paleo-uplift weakens the thermal effect of the Permian Emeishan mantle plume.The current thermal evolution pattern of the QFm is mainly determined by the continuous subsidence of the Triassic–Cretaceous.Stop heating model of Silurian–Permian locks the maturity of organic matter in the gold window,thus controlling the enrichment of QFm shale gas.It provides new insights for shale gas migration,enrichment and effective exploration and development of shale gas in the Lower Paleozoic QFm.
基金Project(2024ZD1003701)supported by the Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration-National Science and Technology Major Project of ChinaProject(42172312)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(N25BSS029)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
摘要Understanding the evolution of damage,fracturing,and permeability in shale under stress-permeability coupling is crucial for safe and efficient shale gas extraction.In this study,a coupled stress-permeability numerical model was developed to describe the fracturing behavior and permeability evolution of shale under varying bedding angles and stress conditions.The model incorporates mesoscale heterogeneity,anisotropy,and a local material degradation law to capture progressive failure.Validation against experimental data confirmed its reliability.The interlaminar strength ratio(b)was introduced to investigate the damage and failure processes of layered shale,as well as the evolution of permeability,under uniaxial and triaxial compression.Results indicate significant variations in failure modes and mechanical properties across bedding configurations,with permeability increasing as microcracks propagate until failure.The model was also extended to simulate hydraulic fracturing,showing that the coefficient of lateral stress(λ=σh/σv)strongly affects fracture propagation.Whenλ>0.83,fractures propagate in a markedly more complex and random manner;whenλ<0.67,they predominantly align with the maximum principal stress.Five types of hydraulic fractures were identified,highlighting that trans-layer and bifurcated fractures are essential for complex fracture networks.These findings aid hydraulic fracturing design and shale gas recovery.
基金financially supported by Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(RCJC20210706091948015,KJZD20231025152759002)the support provided by the National Natural Science Fund Foundation of China(52374357,52225403)。
摘要The permeability of methane hydrate-bearing sediments(MHBS)is a key parameter for evaluating reservoir exploitation potential and formulating efficient production strategies.In actual field development,MHBS exists in a complex environment characterized by stress-seepage coupling.Research on the permeability model of methane hydrate-bearing sediments under multi-factor coupling conditions remains scarce,limiting the assessment of methane hydrate(MH)reservoir hydrocarbon production potential and efficient development.This study used quartz sand and deep-sea clay from the South China Sea as matrix materials to generate MH,simulating MHBS.Systematic triaxial seepage experiments were conducted to assess the influence of multiple factors,including triaxial shear process,effective confining pressure,and hydrate saturation,on the permeability characteristics of MHBS.The results demonstrate the following:(1)During triaxial compression,permeability exhibits a nonlinear variation—first decreasing and then stabilizing or rebounding—with increasing shear strain,reflecting stress-induced pore structure evolution;(2)the permeability of MHBS decreases nonlinearly with increasing effective confining pressure,showing higher sensitivity in the low-pressure range.Effective confining pressure reduces sample permeability by compressing seepage channels,and this effect is more significant at the initial stages of stress growth;(3)hydrate saturation is negatively correlated with permeability,with the cementing effect of hydrates being the primary cause for the decrease in permeability of MHBS,also reducing the impact of effective confining pressure;(4)effective confining pressure,hydrate saturation,and shear strain have a coupled effect,jointly influencing the permeability of MHBS,but their relative weights vary and require specific consideration;(5)based on experimental data,a permeability prediction model considering the coupling effects of shear strain,effective confining pressure,and hydrate saturation was established.This model demonstrates excellent predictive accuracy and can be applied to forecast the hydrocarbon yield potential of MHBS under varying geological and engineering conditions,providing quantitative basis for reservoir evaluation and gas production prediction.This study bridges the gap between laboratory permeability characterization and field production capacity forecasting,offering critical theoretical and technical support for the sustainable development of marine gas hydrate resources.
基金Supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(23BJY013)。
摘要The newly-issued 2025 policy on deepening the market-oriented reform of new energy feed-in tariffs has exerted a profound impact on reshaping the development pattern of new energy industries,such as photovoltaic power.In this evolving context,collaborative grid-connection among photovoltaic power generation enterprises,power grid enterprises,and government agencies is crucial for enhancing the competitiveness of the new energy industry and achieving energy transition.This paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model to deeply explore the strategy selection and key influencing factors of each subject in the grid-connection process.It integrates large language models(LLMs)to analyze factors affecting strategy selection among different stakeholders and utilizes LLMs to capture the heterogeneous cognitive characteristics of different subjects,thereby overcoming the limitations of"strong assumptions"commonly found in traditional game models.Through multi-round semantic parsing,it identifies key influencing factors such as market-oriented electricity price fluctuations,technological innovation costs,and assessment penalty.Furthermore,based on the actual data of photovoltaic industry development in Jiangxi and Hubei Provinces,numerical simulations are employed to analyze the impact of key factors(e.g.,marketoriented electricity price fluctuations)on the strategic choices of the three stakeholder parties under the new policy framework and verify the model's effectiveness.The study clarifies the critical thresholds affecting collaborative grid connection,providing a data-driven theoretical basis for the government to implement targeted policies and enterprises to optimize decision-making.
基金Qingnian Project of the Independent Subject of the State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection,Beijing Institute of Technology(Grant No.QNKT25-13)the 76th batch of Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M764116)to provide fund for conducting experiments。
摘要The geometric shape of a charge critically influences the spatial distribution of underwater explosion shock wave loads.While recent studies have investigated the basic characteristics of non-spherical charges,quantitative boundaries for shape effects and efficient omnidirectional prediction methods remain challenges in engineering applications.This study systematically investigates the spatiotemporal evolution of shock waves from cylindrical charges using integrated experiments and numerical simulations.Distinct from conventional axial-radial analysis,this work quantitatively characterizes the directional evolution of shock waves,revealing that the high-pressure zone concentrates within the radial sector(typically 60°–152°),while explicit"Enhancement"and"Diminishment"zones are mapped across the full spectrum.A key contribution of this research is the establishment of a critical distance criterion(Lc),formulated as Lcc=1.96+12.83λ,which delineates the operational domain where charge shape effects must be considered.Furthermore,to address the limitation of existing empirical formulas,a novel shape factor is proposed and embedded into a deep neural network(DNN).This physics-informed data-driven model achieves high-precision prediction(error<10%)of full-field shock wave pressure for charges with varying length-to-diameter ratios(1–10).This work provides theoretical insights into directional evolution and offers a practical,rapid assessment tool for the blast-resistant design of marine structures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42372322)Science and Technology Innovation Program for Postgraduate students in IDP subsidized by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.ZY20240314)the research project of Spark Plan for Earthquake Science and Technology(Grant No.XH24060A).
摘要Locked segments are high-strength structural elements in fault zones that release significantseismic energy during earthquakes.In fracture mechanics,they act as high-stress concentration patches(asperities)where rupture initiates.The progressive failure of locked segments along faults plays a crucial role in the energy partition of earthquakes.The impact of locked segments on the near-fielddeformation and nucleation of faults,however,remains poorly understood.In this study,rock-like materials with pre-manufactured strike-slip faults containing various locked segments lengths under uniaxial stress.The mechanical properties,local deformation fields,and slip displacement rates during the uniaxial loading of the models were quantified.Results indicate that the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of the system peak once the ratio of locked segment to fault length is approximately 0.6.Meanwhile,the resistance of the models to deformation increased,and the failure mode transformed from shear failure to tensile failure.Under loading,compression and dilatation quadrants were formed on both sides of the fault.Large-scale fractures dominate the dilatation quadrants,and the degree of deformation disturbance in this region was significantly higher than that in the compression quadrants.With increasing locked segment length,the amplitude of deformation perturbations decreased after the peak strength.Shorter locked segments were more susceptible to deformation and failure.In the fracture evolution process,a relationship between the stress deflectionangle and the displacement rate was found,which is empirically described by an exponential function.These findings clarify geological structures failure mechanisms and support seismic hazard assessment for strike-slip earthquake regions.
基金supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.20YJCZH176)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2333206).
摘要A tripartite evolutionary game model of enterprise,air traffic control(ATC)and passengers in an air-rail intermodal transport(ARIT)system was developed and investigated.The optimal interaction among enterprise,ATC and passengers was explored based on the congestion charging mechanism,as presented in terms of the payoffs and decision-making behaviors of three participants.Payoff matrices were established for three game players,wherein fare,mileage cost,en-route charge and generalized travel cost were taken into consideration.After that,the replicated dynamic equations were derived and employed to analyze the reliability of the proposed model and the dynamic behaviors of each game player under initial conditions.Eventually,the Beijing-Shanghai,Beijing-Guangzhou and Beijing-Kunming corridors were used as practical cases to clarify the impact of key factors(e.g.,distance,enroute charge and passenger sharing ratio)on the evolutionary trend and final strategy.The results showed that three players tend to choose the strategy which is always profitable.The enterprises would choose to introduce the ARIT strategy in medium-distance route,but not in short-and long-distance route,ATC chose to implement the congestion charging strategy,and passengers preferred the ARIT strategy.In addition,the final strategies were affected by any changes in key factors,and enterprises were more sensitive and likely to introduce the ARIT strategy out of individual interest.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32270221)the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.421RC486 and 822QN314)+2 种基金the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(Grant No.ZDYF2022XDNY190)the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(Grant No.SCKJ-JYRC-2022-83)the Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture(Grant No.XTCX2022NYB09).
摘要Understanding the evolutionary relationships and diversification of large,ecologically important plant families,such as Malvaceae s.l.,is crucial for understanding angiosperm evolution and biogeographic patterns.Malvaceae s.l.,known for its morphological diversity and complex evolutionary history,presents unique challenges in resolving phylogenetic relationships due to factors such as hybridization,introgression,polyploidy,and incomplete lineage sorting(ILS).This study addresses these complexities by reconstructing phylogenetic relationships,estimating divergence times,and inferring ancestral geographic distributions of Malvaceae s.l.using both plastid and nuclear genomic data.The analysis includes 134 species of Malvaceae s.l.and two outgroup species,strongly supports the division of Malvaceae s.l.into two primary clades,Byttneriina and Malvadendrina,while clarifying relationships among the subfamilies Dombeyoideae,Brownlowioideae,Sterculioideae,and Tilioideae.This study reconstructs the evolutionary history of Malvaceae s.l.based on plastid and nuclear genomic data,revealing deep phylogenetic discordance largely driven by incomplete lineage sorting,with additional signals of localized introgression within subfamilies.Divergence time estimates place the origin of Malvaceae s.l.at approximately 134.31 Ma(95%HPD=123.16–138.33 Ma),representing its initial split from the outgroup lineage.The crown diversification of the family,corresponding to the divergence between its two major clades,Byttneriina and Malvadendrina,occurred around 119.38 Ma(95%HPD=106.48–130.92 Ma).Ancestral range reconstructions support an African origin,followed by dispersal to tropical regions worldwide.Specifically,the ancestors of the Malvadendrina clade likely dispersed from Africa to South America,while Byttneriina shows strong ties to a North American origin.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42361144002,No.42377488。
摘要To promote the harmonious coexistence of cities and lakes and to achieve Sustainable Development Goals in the Taihu Lake Basin,we developed an analytical framework for city-lake symbiosis(CLS)on the basis of symbiosis theory.Using the Lotka-Volterra(L-V)model and a coordination degree model,we assessed the state and evolution of the CLS relationship.The findings reveal that urban development levels increased steadily from 27.36 in 1980 to 78.90 in 2020,whereas the ecological conditions of Taihu Lake initially decreased,followed by slow and fluctuating recovery.Overall,cities and Taihu Lake exhibited a“mutualism”relationship,withαandβvalues of-1.89 and-1.77,respectively,and a general upward trend in the degree of coordination over the study period.However,during the periods 1980-1998 and 2012-2016,the relationship displayed a pattern of“mutual damage”.The adverse effects of urban development accumulated gradually,in contrast to the rapid and abrupt deterioration observed in the lake.Ecological recovery in Taihu Lake progressed slowly and unevenly,stabilizing only after 2016 into a phase of sustained improvement.We recommend enhanced and coordinated efforts in ecological restoration and environmental governance to support this positive trajectory.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFB150740401)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42202336)the CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program in China(Y826031C01)。
摘要Hydraulic stimulation technology is widely employed to enhance the permeability of geothermal reservoirs.Nevertheless,accurately predicting hydraulic fracture propagation in complex geological conditions remains challenging,thereby hindering the effective utilization of existing natural fractures.In this study,a phase field model was developed utilizing the finite element method to examine the influence of fluid presence,stress conditions,and natural fractures on the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fractures.The model employs Biot's poroelasticity theory to establish the coupling between the displacement field and the fluid field,while the phase field theory is applied to simulate fracture behavior.The results show that whenσx0/σy0<3 or qf<20 kg/(m3·s),the presence of natural fractures can alter the original propagation direction of hydraulic fractures.Conversely,in the absence of these conditions,the propagation path of natural fractures is predominantly influenced by the initial stress field.Furthermore,based on the analysis of breakdown pressure and damage area,the optimal intersection angle between natural fractures and hydraulic fractures is determined to range from 45°to 60°.Finally,once a dominant channel forms,initiating and propagating hydraulic fractures in other directions becomes increasingly difficult,even in highly fractured areas.This method tackles the challenges of initiating and propagating hydraulic fractures in complex geological conditions,providing a theoretical basis for optimizing Enhanced Geothermal System(EGS)projects.