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The Planned Conservation of the Urban Fortifications of Tuscany: Satellite Interferometry as an Innovative Monitoring Technology for Asset Management 认领 引用
1
作者 Daniela Ladiana 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2020年第5期263-270,共8页
The “Monitoring City Walls” research project by the University of Pisa approaches planned conservation as a process that pursues an in-depth understanding of historic city walls and their surroundings to define a sy... The “Monitoring City Walls” research project by the University of Pisa approaches planned conservation as a process that pursues an in-depth understanding of historic city walls and their surroundings to define a system of effective risk prevention. This multidisciplinary research adopts monitoring strategies and technologies at the large scale and in relationship to natural and urban conditions. The underlying logic frames the conservation of these historic fortifications within the more general mitigation of risks generated by context. The research aims to develop an innovative approach to monitoring ancient defensive structures in historical towns. The integrated use of advanced technologies allows for the control and, most importantly, advance identification of possible risks. These new technologies, in particular satellite interferometry, make it possible to improve and increase the operational capacity of monitoring processes by facilitating the acquisition and investigation of data relative to the system defined by ancient city walls and their surroundings. These technologies also represent a cost-effective tool for managing the important transition from the observation and study of individual monuments to the monitoring of large monumental complexes or even entire historical centers. 展开更多
关键词 Infrastructure monitoring fortifications urban scale innovative technologies satellite interferometry
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Storming Fortifications 认领 引用
2
《Contemporary International Relations》 1999年第10期6-11,共6页
Feel for boulders while crossing the river. ---Deng Xiaoping After a 20-year track record of extraordinary successes, however, China’sleaders now confront the toughest issues since reforms began in 1978. The domes-ti... Feel for boulders while crossing the river. ---Deng Xiaoping After a 20-year track record of extraordinary successes, however, China’sleaders now confront the toughest issues since reforms began in 1978. The domes-tic economic growth rate is declining, and the surrounding region is confronting 展开更多
关键词 In Storming Fortifications Asia
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Castle architecture in Anatolia: Fortifications of Diyarbakir 认领 引用
3
作者 Fatma Meral Halifeosiu 《Frontiers of Architectural Research》 CSCD 2013年第2期209-221,共13页
The ancient wails of Diyarbakir are the city＇s most important urban etement, exhibiting an artistic grace through the arrangement of the towers, architectural values, dimensions, materiats, and decorations. Diyarbaki... The ancient wails of Diyarbakir are the city＇s most important urban etement, exhibiting an artistic grace through the arrangement of the towers, architectural values, dimensions, materiats, and decorations. Diyarbakir is located at the crossroads of important trade routes, one connecting the Western World to the Far East and the other connecting North to South. Architecturally, its defensive waits and towers make it one of the most important surviving casttes. In this study, the history, location, architectural and building properties of fortifications of Diyarbakir were explained and technical dimensioning typology studies on towers and city watts were submitted. 展开更多
关键词 Diyarbakir Fortifications ofDiyarbakir Castte Citadel Tower ptans Typotosy
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Diet fortification for mild and moderate picky eating in typically developed children:Opinion review of Middle East consensus 认领 引用
4
作者 Mohammed Al-Beltagi Elie Choueiry +6 位作者 Najat Alahmadi Zeinab Demerdash Wafaa Helmi Ayesh Khoula Al-Said Fatima Al-Haddad Sanaa Y Shaaban Eslam Tawfik 《World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics》 2025年第1期139-148,共10页
BACKGROUND Picky eating is a commonly observed behavior among children globally,negatively impacting their physical and mental growth.Although common characteristics distinguish peaky eaters,including food selectivity... BACKGROUND Picky eating is a commonly observed behavior among children globally,negatively impacting their physical and mental growth.Although common characteristics distinguish peaky eaters,including food selectivity,food neophobia,and food avoidance,there is no clear definition to assess this behavior.Due to the unavailability of data regarding picky eating,it wasn’t easy to estimate its prevalence.AIM To develop a regional protocol to help healthcare professionals identify and manage mild and moderate picky eating cases.METHODS A virtual roundtable discussion was held in April 2021 to gather the opinions of seven pediatricians and two pediatric dietitians from eight Middle Eastern countries who had great experience in the management of picky eating.The discussion covered different topics,including clearly defining mild and moderate picky eating,identifying the role of diet fortification in these cases,and the possibility of developing a systematic approach to diet fortification.RESULTS The panel identified picky eating as consuming an inadequate amount and variety of foods by rejecting familiar and unfamiliar food.Most of the time,moderate picky eating cases had micronutrient deficiencies with over-or undernutrition;the mild cases only showed inadequate food consumption and/or poor diet quality.Paying attention to the organic red flags like growth faltering and development delay and behavioral red flags,including food fixation and anticipatory gagging,will help healthcare professionals evaluate the picky eaters and the caregivers to care for their children.Although dietary supplementation and commercial food fortification play an important role in picky eating,they were no benefit in the Middle East.CONCLUSION The panel agreed that food fortification through a food-first approach and oral nutritional supplements would be the best for Middle Eastern children.These recommendations would facilitate identifying and managing picky-eating children in the Middle East. 展开更多
关键词 Picky eating Diet fortification Children Protocol Roundtable discussion Middle East
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Rootstock-scion exchanging mRNAs participate in the pathways of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in cucumber under early chilling stress 认领 引用 被引量：14
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作者 Wenqian Liu Qing Wang +10 位作者 Ruoyan Zhang Mengshuang Liu Cuicui Wang Zixi Liu Chenggang Xiang Xiaohong Lu Xiaojing Zhang Xiaojun Li Tao Wang Lihong Gao Wenna Zhang 《Horticulture Research》 SCIE CSCD 2022年第1期1325-1345,共21页
Cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)often experiences chilling stress that limits its growth and productivity.Grafting is widely used to improve abiotic stress resistance by exploiting a vigorous root system,suggesting there ... Cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)often experiences chilling stress that limits its growth and productivity.Grafting is widely used to improve abiotic stress resistance by exploiting a vigorous root system,suggesting there exists systemic signals communication between distant organs.mRNAs are reported to be evolving fortification strategies involving long-distance signaling when plants suffer from chilling stress.However,the potential function of mobile mRNAs in alleviating chilling stress in grafted cucumber is still unknown.Here,the physiological changes,mobile mRNA profiles,and transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in aboveand underground tissues of all graft combinations of cucumber and pumpkin responding to chilling stress were established and analyzed comprehensively.The co-relationship between the cluster of chilling-induced pumpkin mobile mRNAs with differentially expressed genes and differentially intensive metabolites revealed that four key chilling-induced pumpkin mobile mRNAs were highly related to glycine,serine,and threonine synthesis and fatty acidβ-oxidative degradation metabolism in cucumber tissues of heterografts.The verification of mobile mRNAs,potential transport of metabolites,and exogenous application of key metabolites of the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway in cucumber seedlings confirmed the role of mobile mRNAs in regulating chilling responses in grafted cucumber.Our results build a link between the long-distance mRNAs of chilling-tolerant pumpkin and the fatty acidβ-oxidative degradation metabolism of chilling-sensitive cucumber.They also help to uncover the mechanism of signaling interaction between scion and stock as a means of achieving chilling tolerance in grafted cucumber. 展开更多
关键词 improve abiotic stress resistance fortification strategies alleviating chilling stress mobile mrnas chilling stress root systemsuggesting grafted cucumber
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Evaluation of collapse resistance of RC frame structures for Chinese schools in seismic design categories B and C 认领 引用 被引量：10
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作者 Tang Baoxin Lu Xinzheng +1 位作者 Ye Lieping Shi Wei 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI CSCD 2011年第3期369-377,共9页
According to the Code for Seismic Design of Buildings （GB50011-2001）, ten typical reinforced concrete （RC） frame structures, used as school classroom buildings, are designed with different seismic fortification in... According to the Code for Seismic Design of Buildings （GB50011-2001）, ten typical reinforced concrete （RC） frame structures, used as school classroom buildings, are designed with different seismic fortification intensities （SFIs） （SFI=6 to 8.5） and different seismic design categories （SDCs） （SDC=B and C）. The collapse resistance of the frames with SDC=B and C in terms of collapse fragility curves are quantitatively evaluated and compared via incremental dynamic analysis （IDA）. The results show that the collapse resistance of structures should be evaluated based on both the absolute seismic resistance and the corresponding design seismic intensity. For the frames with SFI from 6 to 7.5, because they have relatively low absolute seismic resistance, their collapse resistance is insufficient even when their corresponding SDCs are upgraded from B to C. Thus, further measures are needed to enhance these structures, and some suggestions are proposed. 展开更多
关键词 RC frame structures collapse resistance fragility curves seismic fortification intensity incremental dynamic analysis mega-earthquake
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Effect of Na Fe EDTA-Fortified Soy Sauce on Anemia Prevalence in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials 认领 引用 被引量：5
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作者 HUO Jun Sheng YIN Ji Yong +5 位作者 SUN Jing HUANG Jian LU Zhen Xin REGINA Moench-Pfanner CHEN Jun Shi CHEN Chun Ming 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第11期788-798,共11页
Objective To assess the effect of sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate （NaFeEDTA）-fortified soy sauce on anemia prevalence in the Chinese population. Methods A systematic review was performed to identify potentia... Objective To assess the effect of sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate （NaFeEDTA）-fortified soy sauce on anemia prevalence in the Chinese population. Methods A systematic review was performed to identify potential studies by searching the electronic databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, WHO Library, HighWire, CNKI, and other sources. The selection criteria included randomized controlled trials that compared the efficacy of NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce with that of non-fortified soy sauce. Anemia rates and hemoglobin levels were the outcomes of interest. Inclusion decisions, quality assessment, and data extraction were performed by two reviewers independently. A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria for anemia rate analysis, of which 12 studies met the inclusion criteria for hemoglobin analysis. All included studies assessed the effect of NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce on anemia rates and hemoglobin concentrations. Results After the intervention, the hemoglobin concentration increased and anemia rates decreased significantly as compared with the non-fortified soy sauce groups. For anemia rates, data from 16 studies could be pooled, and the pooled estimate odds ratio was 0.25 （95% CI 0.19-0.35）. For hemoglobin concentrations, data from 12 studies could be pooled, and the pooled weighted mean difference was 8.81 g/L （95% CI 5.96-11.67）. Conclusion NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce has a positive effect on anemia control and prevention in the at-risk population. 展开更多
关键词 Sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate NaFeEDTA Anemia Hemoglobin Iron deficiency Meta-analyses Food fortification
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Effects of Nutrient Fortified Complementary Food Supplements on Anemia of Infants and Young Children in Poor Rural of Gansu 认领 引用 被引量：6
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作者 YU-YING WANG CHUN-MING CHEN +2 位作者 FU-ZHEN WANG MEI JIA KE-AN WANG 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS 2009年第3期194-200,共7页
Objective To assess the effectiveness of complementary food supplements with protein and multi-micronutrients on hemoglobin and anemia in infants and young children. Methods In 5 poor counties of Gansu, 984 children a... Objective To assess the effectiveness of complementary food supplements with protein and multi-micronutrients on hemoglobin and anemia in infants and young children. Methods In 5 poor counties of Gansu, 984 children aged 6-12 months were enrolled and divided into two groups. In addition to the usual home-made complementary food, all the children were fed one sachet of either Formula Ⅰ or Formula Ⅱ supplements each day. Protein and micronutrients were provided in Formula Ⅰ, while the same energy intake was secured in Formula Ⅱ as in Formula Ⅰ. A massive dose of vitamin A was supplemented to all the children every 6 months. Hemoglobin test was done at the same time. Results Prevalence of anemia was about 35% in both Formula Ⅰ and Formula Ⅱ group at baseline, and there were no differences in hemoglobin concentration between the two groups, During the 6-month and 12-month supplementation, hemoglobin of children in Formula Ⅰ group was higher than that in Formula Ⅱ group （P〈0.05）, and hemoglobin increase in Formula Ⅰ group was significantly higher than that in Formula Ⅱ group （P〈0.001）. After 6- and 12-mouth supplementation, the prevalence of anemia in Formula Ⅰ group dropped to 19.1% and 8.2% respectively, and it was 28.0% and 12.4% in Formula 2 group. The prevalence of anemia in Formula Ⅰ group was significantly lower than that in Formula Ⅱ group （P〈0.05）. After adjusting age and hemoglobin level at baseline, the hemoglobin increase at age of 24 months in formula 1 group was higher （10.7 g/L vs 7.9 g/L, P〈0.0001）. Conclusion Micronutrient fortified complementary food supplements, with large-dose vitamin A, is effective for children aged 6-12 months in terms of iron deficiency prevention. 展开更多
关键词 Food fortification Complementary food supplements Infants and young children Hemoglobin Iron deficiency anemia
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Scientific and technical aspects of yogurt fortification:A review 认领 引用 被引量：9
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作者 Hadi Hashemi Gahruie Mohammad Hadi Eskandari +1 位作者 Gholamreza Mesbahi Mohammad Amin Hanifpour 《Food Science and Human Wellness》 CAS 2015年第1期1-8,共8页
Food fortification is one of the most important processes for improvement of the nutrients quality and quantity in food.It can be a very cost effective public health intervention.Due to the high consumption rate of da... Food fortification is one of the most important processes for improvement of the nutrients quality and quantity in food.It can be a very cost effective public health intervention.Due to the high consumption rate of dairy products such as yogurt,fortification of these products will effectively reduce or prevent diseases associated with nutritional deficiencies.The aim of this investigation is to study the technical aspects involved in production of different types of fortified yogurts and their role in disease prevention and correction of deficiencies.In this paper,firstly,fortification is defined and the main reasons behind carrying out this process are presented and then yogurt production process and a variety of minerals,vitamins,and functional ingredients which are used in the process are briefly discussed.©2015 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved. 展开更多
关键词 Yogurt fortification Minerals Vitamins Fiber
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Efficacy of Different Iron Fortificants in Wheat Flour in Controlling Iron Deficiency 认领 引用 被引量：5
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作者 JIAN HUANG JING SUN +5 位作者 WEN-XIAN LI LI-JUAN WANG AN-Xu WANG JUN-SHENG HUO JUN-SHI CHEN AND CHUN-MING CHEN 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS 2009年第2期118-121,共4页
Objective To observe the different impacts of electrolytic iron, FeSO4, and NaFeEDTA on body iron store of anemic school students. Methods Four hundreds anemic students at the age of 11-18 years were divided into four... Objective To observe the different impacts of electrolytic iron, FeSO4, and NaFeEDTA on body iron store of anemic school students. Methods Four hundreds anemic students at the age of 11-18 years were divided into four groups. Of which, three consumed different iron fortificants from wheat flour as food vehicle for six months and one consumed non-fortified flour （control）. The fortification level of electrolytic iron, FeSO4, and NaFeEDTA was 60 mg Fe/kg, 30 mg Fe/kg, and 20 mg Fe/kg, respectively. Blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, and 6 months and hemoglobin （Hb）, serum ferritin （SF）, and transferrin receptor （TfR） were measured. Results The hemoglobin levels in three intervention groups increased, the increments of Hb in the NaFeEDTA group were significantly higher than that in the other groups. SF and TfR levels increased in the tested groups and body iron store in the NaFeEDTA group was higher than that in the other groups. These parameters did not show any significant changes in the control group. Conclusion NaFeEDTA and FeSO4 tortified wheat flour has positive impacts on iron status in anemic students and NaFeEDTA is more effective than FeSO4, while electrolytic iron is less effective in improving iron store in anemic students. 展开更多
关键词 Body iron Iron deficiency anemia Wheat flour Fortification Electrolytic iron FeSO4 NaFeEDTA
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Excess vitamin intake:An unrecognized risk factor for obesity 认领 引用 被引量：6
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作者 Shi-Sheng Zhou Yiming Zhou 《World Journal of Diabetes》 2014年第1期1-13,共13页
Over the past few decades,food fortification and infant formula supplementation with high levels of vitamins have led to a sharp increase in vitamin intake among infants,children and adults.This is followed by a sharp... Over the past few decades,food fortification and infant formula supplementation with high levels of vitamins have led to a sharp increase in vitamin intake among infants,children and adults.This is followed by a sharp increase in the prevalence of obesity and related diseases,with significant disparities among countries and different groups within a country.It has long been known that B vitamins at doses below their toxicity threshold strongly promote body fat gain.Studies have demonstrated that formulas,which have very high levels of vitamins,significantly promote infant weight gain,especially fat mass gain,a known risk factor for children developing obesity.Furthermore,ecological studies have shown that increased B vitamin consumption is strongly correlated with the prevalence of obesity and diabetes.We therefore hypothesize that excess vitamins may play a causal role in the increased prevalence of obesity.This review will discuss:(1)the causes of increased vitamin intake;(2)the non-monotonic effect of excess vitamin intake on weight and fat gain;and(3)the role of vitamin fortification in obesity disparities among countries and different groups within a country. 展开更多
关键词 Vitamin fortification Refined grain Infant formula Obesity Diabetes Insulin resistance Oxidative stress Glycemic index Formula feeding Epigenetic
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Prevention of neural tube defects with folic acid: The Chinese experience 认领 引用 被引量：16
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作者 Ai-Guo Ren 《World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics》 2015年第3期41-44,共4页
Neural tube defects(NTDs) are a group of congenital malformations of the central nervous system that are caused by the closure failure of the embryonic neural tube by the 28 th day of conception. Anencephaly and spina... Neural tube defects(NTDs) are a group of congenital malformations of the central nervous system that are caused by the closure failure of the embryonic neural tube by the 28 th day of conception. Anencephaly and spina bifida are the two major subtypes. Fetuses with anencephaly are often stillborn or electively aborted due to prenatal diagnosis, or they die shortly after birth. Most infants with spina bifida are live-born and, with proper surgical treatment, can survive into adulthood. However, these children often have life-long physical disabilities. China has one of the highest prevalence of NTDs in the world. Inadequate dietary folate intake is believed to be the main cause of the cluster. Unlike many other countries that use staple fortification with folic acid as the public health strategy to prevent NTDs, the Chinese government provides all women who have a rural household registration and who plan to become pregnant with folic acid supplements, free of charge, through a nation-wide program started in 2009. Two to three years after the initiation of the program, the folic acid supplementation rate increased to 85% in the areas of the highest NTD prevalence. The mean plasma folate level of women during early and mid-pregnancy doubled the level before the program was introduced. However, most women began taking folic acid supplements when they knew that they were pregnant. This is too late for the protection of the embryonic neural tube. In a postprogram survey of the women who reported folic acid supplementation, less than a quarter of the women began taking supplements prior to pregnancy, indicating that the remaining three quarters of the fetuses remained unprotected during the time of neural tube formation. Therefore, staple food fortification with folic acid should be considered as a priority in the prevention of NTDs. 展开更多
关键词 Neural tube defects Folic acid Folate Supplementation Fortification
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The Introduction of European Fortification in the Late Ming Period 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Zheng Cheng Yu Yueyuan 《Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology》 2017年第2期18-70,共53页
In the late Ming period,Xu Guangqi and other Catholic literati were actively involved with military affairs because of the invasion of the Manchu forces and the threat of uprisings.The story of how they imported Europ... In the late Ming period,Xu Guangqi and other Catholic literati were actively involved with military affairs because of the invasion of the Manchu forces and the threat of uprisings.The story of how they imported European cannons and gunners from Macao is now quite famous.However,the introduction of European fortifications,mainly the trace Italienne,in the same period is still relatively unknown.Xu Guangqi and his student Sun Yuanhua exerted considerable efforts in advocating European-style bastions.Xu not only received help from Jesuits,but also support from some Fujianese who were familiar with Intramuros,the Spanish walled city of Manila.In addition to Xu and Sun,Han Lin and Han Yun(also Xu’s students)prepared a Chinese treatise on European fortification architecture based on Italian sources and tried to put the knowledge into practice.Another relevant figure is Ma Weicheng,who allegedly directed the building of 32 angled bastions in three cities around 1640.Although a few recorded writings and practices of constructing European-style fortification appeared in the first half of the seventeenth century,soon afterwards the art of trace Italienne met its end prematurely in China.To a great extent,the swift collapse of the Ming dynasty eliminated the possibility of spreading the new defense technology.Throughout the eighteenth century,the Qing dynasty enjoyed long-term peace,and the warfare at the frontiers brought few threats to the city walls.There was thus little urgency to develop innovative defensive works and European fortification sunk into oblivion until the mid-nineteenth century. 展开更多
关键词 fortification firearms technology transfer Jesuit Ming history military history
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A Preliminary Analysis of the Earthquake Disaster of Buildings during Two Destructive Earthquakes in Xinjiang 认领 引用
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作者 Wen Heping Hu Weihua +2 位作者 Tan Ming Sun Jianing Tang Lihua 《Earthquake Research in China》 CSCD 2018年第3期412-424,共13页
This paper introduces the characteristics of earthquake disasters in the 2013 Urumqi MS5. 1 and the 2015 Pishan MS6. 5 earthquakes,which are directly beneath the cities. Based on the discussion on regional tectonic ba... This paper introduces the characteristics of earthquake disasters in the 2013 Urumqi MS5. 1 and the 2015 Pishan MS6. 5 earthquakes,which are directly beneath the cities. Based on the discussion on regional tectonic background,site conditions,seismic fortification level of buildings,we preliminarily analyzed the causes of earthquake disaster for buildings caused by the two earthquakes. Finally,we give some advice on earthquake resistance for residential buildings and earthquake damage prevention in Xinjiang. 展开更多
关键词 Urban earthquake Earthquake disaster of buildings Earthquake resistance for residential buildings Seismic fortification level Urumqi earthquake Pishan earthquake
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Lectotype optimization of mid-highrise residential building based on site conditions and seismic fortification intensity 认领 引用
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作者 秦力 程志辉 宋玉普 《Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series)》 EI CAS 2006年第6期718-722,共5页
A multi-objective lectotype optimization model based on site conditions and seismic fortification intensity is presented for mid-highrise residential buildings taking into account multiple items such as the original i... A multi-objective lectotype optimization model based on site conditions and seismic fortification intensity is presented for mid-highrise residential buildings taking into account multiple items such as the original investment, disaster losses and maintenance cost, the integral stiffness, the total ductility, the construction period, and so on. A Three-Scale Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy process is proposed by introducing the Three-Scale Analytical Hierarchy process and the trapezoid fuzzy number. The result of a calculation example shows that the T-FAHP is practical. 展开更多
关键词 site conditions seismic fortification intensity mid-highrise residential building three-scale fuzzy analytical hierarchy process optimal selection
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Research on the seismic fortification level of offshore platform in Bohai Sea and adjacent areas 认领 引用
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作者 彭艳菊 吕悦军 +1 位作者 唐荣余 沙海军 《Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition)》 2005年第6期697-706,749,共10页
API code is introduced at first, and then a comparison of seismic character and seismic hazard between Bohai and Southern California is carried out. The analysis indicates both the seismic frequency and intensity and ... API code is introduced at first, and then a comparison of seismic character and seismic hazard between Bohai and Southern California is carried out. The analysis indicates both the seismic frequency and intensity and the seismic hazard of Bohai are much weaker than that of Southern California. API code states the strength level and deformation level of permanent structures in Southern California takes 200 a and several hundred to a few thousand years respectively. But in the reference codes in China, the seismic levels take 500 a and 10000 a for strength design and deformation design, and it seems too conservative. In China, the deformation level of class A structure takes 2%-3% probabilities of exceedance in reference period 100 a, and that of class B and C often takes 2%-3% in 50 a. Now that offshore platforms may cause server subsequent risk, it is safe to take 1% in 30 a as its deformation design level. On the basis of the above analyses and social economic level and the consistency with present codes, the strength design level and deformation design level of Chinese offshore platforms is suggested to take 200 a and 3000 a respectively. 展开更多
关键词 Bohai Sea offshore platform RP2A-WSD code seismic fortification level
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Research on performance-based seismic design criteria 认领 引用
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作者 谢礼立 马玉宏 《Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition)》 2002年第2期214-225,共12页
The seismic design criterion adopted in the existing seismic design codes is reviewed. It is pointed out that the presently used seismic design criterion is not satisfied with the requirements of nowadays social and e... The seismic design criterion adopted in the existing seismic design codes is reviewed. It is pointed out that the presently used seismic design criterion is not satisfied with the requirements of nowadays social and economic development. A new performance-based seismic design criterion that is composed of three components is presented in this paper. It can not only effectively control the economic losses and casualty, but also ensure the building's function in proper operation during earthquakes. The three components are: classification of seismic design for buildings, determination of seismic design intensity and/or seismic design ground motion for controlling seismic economic losses and casualties, and determination of the importance factors in terms of service periods of buildings. For controlling the seismic human losses, the idea of socially acceptable casualty level is presented and the 'Optimal Economic Decision Model' and 'Optimal Safe Decision Model' are established. Finally, a new method is recommended for calculating the importance factors of structures by adjusting structures service period on the base of more important structure with longer service period than the conventional ones. Therefore, the more important structure with longer service periods will be designed for higher seismic loads, in case the exceedance probability of seismic hazard in different service period is same. 展开更多
关键词 performance-based design seismic design criterion fortification intensity seismic vulnerability analysis earthquake loss estimation acceptable level for earthquake human mortality
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Large, moderate, small earthquakes and seismic fortification criterion 认领 引用
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作者 SHEN Jian-wen +1 位作者 SHI Shu-zhong 《Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition)》 2004年第5期589-595,共7页
This paper discusses the relation between two-step seismic design and the standard of probability of exceedance, and the relation of three-levels seismic ground motion parameters given by probability method and compre... This paper discusses the relation between two-step seismic design and the standard of probability of exceedance, and the relation of three-levels seismic ground motion parameters given by probability method and comprehensive probability method. The relative size relations of the ground motions with 2%, 10%, 63% probability of exceedance in 50 years, namely large earthquake, moderate earthquake, and small earthquake, are discussed through a practical example of seismic hazard analysis. The methods to determine seismic fortification criterion are discussed. 展开更多
关键词 Seismic safety evaluation seismic fortification criterion earthquake resistance and disaster mitigation
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A Comparison of Domestic and Foreign Seismic Fortification Standards for Electrical Equipment 认领 引用
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作者 You Hongbing Zhao Fengxin 《Earthquake Research in China》 2013年第4期553-566,共14页
It is of great significance to make comparative analyses of seismic fortification criteria at home and abroad for improving the anti-seismic capability of electrical equipment and revising the relevant national standa... It is of great significance to make comparative analyses of seismic fortification criteria at home and abroad for improving the anti-seismic capability of electrical equipment and revising the relevant national standards.A brief overview of American,Japanese,IEC standards and Chinese seismic design codes for electrical equipment is presented.Differences between these seismic fortification standards of electrical equipment are compared and analyzed in respect of the goal and level of seismic fortification and the seismic design spectrum.The advantages and disadvantages of Chinese standards are pointed out.Through learning from foreign experience on the determination of seismic fortification standards,recommendations are made for the improvement and revision of Chinese seismic fortification standards for electrical equipment. 展开更多
关键词 Electrical equipment Seismic fortification standard Comparative analysis Recommendations for improvement
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Evaluation of Correlation between Acid Degree Value and Peroxide Value in Lipolysis of Control and Iron Fortified Caprine Milk Cheeses during 4 Months Storage 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Aftab Siddique Young W. Park 《Open Journal of Animal Sciences》 2019年第1期1-11,共11页
Elevation of acid degree values (ADV) and peroxide value (POV) indicates deterioration of nutritional and sensory qualities of dairy products during storage. Iron fortification in bovine milk cheeses in relation to li... Elevation of acid degree values (ADV) and peroxide value (POV) indicates deterioration of nutritional and sensory qualities of dairy products during storage. Iron fortification in bovine milk cheeses in relation to lipolytic parameters and their correlations have been studied, while no such studies have been reported on caprine milk cheeses. The objectives of this study were to evaluate levels of ADV and POV of iron fortified [regular ferrous sulfate (RFS) and large microencapsulated ferrous sulfate (LMFS)] goat milk Cheddar cheeses compared to those of non-fortified control cheese (CC) and their correlations. Three batches of 3 types (CC, RFS and LMFS added) of goat milk cheeses were manufactured and stored at two temperatures (4&deg;C and -18&deg;C) for 0, 2 and 4 months. Iron was supplemented to RFS and LMFS cheeses by 8.23 g and 9.03 g per 9 kg, respectively. ADV and POV were determined using standard methods of examining dairy products (Richardson, 1985) and AOCS (1975) procedures. Results showed that ADV values for CC, RFS and LMFS cheeses for 0 and 4 month storage at 4&deg;C were: 0.67, 0.73, 0.64;1.24, 1.78, 1.58, respectively, indicating significant (P < 0.05) elevations occurred in ADV for all three cheeses during 4 months storage. The cheese samples at 4 months storage showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher peroxide values compared to 0 and 2 month stored ones. The samples stored at refrigeration temperature (4&deg;C) revealed slightly more lipid oxidation than those stored at frozen temperature (-18&deg;C). Significant (P < 0.05) elevations in POV for all goat cheeses stored for 4 months and slight increases in POV at higher temperature implies that the longer time and higher temperature storage can elevate the rate of lipid oxidation in goat milk Cheddar cheeses. Correlations (r) between ADV and POV for the pooled data of three types of the caprine cheeses across storage periods were significant (P < 0.01), while r values of CC cheeses alone were negative. It was concluded that significant correlations exist between extents of lipolysis and lipid oxidation in the caprine milk Cheddar cheeses during 4 months storage. 展开更多
关键词 Caprine Milk Cheese Storage Iron Fortification ADV POV Correlation
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