Objective: This study aimed to carry out a topographical analysis of frontal lobe executive function components in post-stroke patients. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study. The assessment using the WCST (Wi...Objective: This study aimed to carry out a topographical analysis of frontal lobe executive function components in post-stroke patients. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study. The assessment using the WCST (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) included sixteen patients with a clinical diagnosis of CVA and frontal lobe impairment. Results from the two groups were compared (patients with right frontal lobe impairment and patients with left frontal lobe impairment). Statistical analysis was performed using the program “Statistical Package for Social Sciences” (SPSS) Version 20.0. For comparison between groups was used Mann-Whitney test and considered the alpha level of 0.05 on the statistically significant results. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups, thus showing that executive functions are symmetrically distributed across the frontal lobes. Conclusion: Executive functions are symmetrically organized across the two frontal lobes, since the comparison between the groups did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference for any of the variables of WSCT.展开更多
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is a common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder that has been linked to the dopaminergic system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of regulation of the dopamin...Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is a common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder that has been linked to the dopaminergic system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of regulation of the dopamine D4 receptor(DRD4) on functional brain activity during the resting state in ADHD children using the methods of regional homogeneity(Re Ho) and functional connectivity(FC). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed in 49 children with ADHD. All participants were classified as either carriers of the DRD44-repeat/4-repeat(4 R/4 R) allele(n = 30) or the DRD42-repeat(2 R) allele(n = 19). The results showed that participants with the DRD4 2 R allele had decreased Re Ho bilaterally in the posterior lobes of the cerebellum, while Re Ho was increased in the left angular gyrus. Compared with participants carrying the DRD4 4 R/4 R allele, those with the DRD4 2 R allele showed decreased FC to the left angular gyrus in the left striatum, right inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral lobes of the cerebellum. The increased FC regions included the left superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, and rectus gyrus. These data suggest that the DRD4 polymorphisms are associated with localized brain activity and specific functional connections, including abnormality in the frontal-striatal-cerebellar loop. Our study not only enhances the understanding of the correlation between the cerebellar lobes and ADHD, but also provides an imaging basis for explaining the neural mechanisms underlying ADHD in children.展开更多
目的探讨右侧额下回(inferior frontal gyrus,IFG)重复高精度经颅直流电刺激(high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation,HD-tDCS)干预对健康成年人执行功能的3个核心子成分(工作记忆、抑制、认知灵活性)的影响。方法纳...目的探讨右侧额下回(inferior frontal gyrus,IFG)重复高精度经颅直流电刺激(high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation,HD-tDCS)干预对健康成年人执行功能的3个核心子成分(工作记忆、抑制、认知灵活性)的影响。方法纳入2023-07/2023-12月某空军院校青年男性军人70名,采用随机数字表法分为刺激组(n=36)与对照组(n=34)。刺激组采用HD-tDCS干预刺激IFG,刺激强度设置为2 mA,单次20 min;对照组使用假刺激模式干预刺激IFG,仅在刺激阶段开始与结束时的30 s发生电流的快速提升,当达到2 mA时迅速降至0 mA。两组每天刺激1次,共刺激7次。使用2-back任务、色词Stroop任务及数字转换任务对干预前后军人的工作记忆、抑制及认知灵活性进行评估。结果与对照组比较,刺激组干预后Stroop效应与转换成本显著降低(P均0.05)。结论右侧IFG重复HD-tDCS能够有效提升军人抑制及认知灵活性等执行功能,为重复无创电刺激缓解临床患者执行功能损伤,制定针对性干预计划提供了启发与新视角。展开更多
摘要Objective: This study aimed to carry out a topographical analysis of frontal lobe executive function components in post-stroke patients. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study. The assessment using the WCST (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) included sixteen patients with a clinical diagnosis of CVA and frontal lobe impairment. Results from the two groups were compared (patients with right frontal lobe impairment and patients with left frontal lobe impairment). Statistical analysis was performed using the program “Statistical Package for Social Sciences” (SPSS) Version 20.0. For comparison between groups was used Mann-Whitney test and considered the alpha level of 0.05 on the statistically significant results. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups, thus showing that executive functions are symmetrically distributed across the frontal lobes. Conclusion: Executive functions are symmetrically organized across the two frontal lobes, since the comparison between the groups did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference for any of the variables of WSCT.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (No. LY14H180006, LQ18H090009)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20160142)
摘要Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is a common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder that has been linked to the dopaminergic system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of regulation of the dopamine D4 receptor(DRD4) on functional brain activity during the resting state in ADHD children using the methods of regional homogeneity(Re Ho) and functional connectivity(FC). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed in 49 children with ADHD. All participants were classified as either carriers of the DRD44-repeat/4-repeat(4 R/4 R) allele(n = 30) or the DRD42-repeat(2 R) allele(n = 19). The results showed that participants with the DRD4 2 R allele had decreased Re Ho bilaterally in the posterior lobes of the cerebellum, while Re Ho was increased in the left angular gyrus. Compared with participants carrying the DRD4 4 R/4 R allele, those with the DRD4 2 R allele showed decreased FC to the left angular gyrus in the left striatum, right inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral lobes of the cerebellum. The increased FC regions included the left superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, and rectus gyrus. These data suggest that the DRD4 polymorphisms are associated with localized brain activity and specific functional connections, including abnormality in the frontal-striatal-cerebellar loop. Our study not only enhances the understanding of the correlation between the cerebellar lobes and ADHD, but also provides an imaging basis for explaining the neural mechanisms underlying ADHD in children.