Surface instabilities,such as wrinkling,folding,and creasing,have transcended their traditional perception as mechanical failures to emerge as a powerful and versatile paradigm for engineering functional surface morph...Surface instabilities,such as wrinkling,folding,and creasing,have transcended their traditional perception as mechanical failures to emerge as a powerful and versatile paradigm for engineering functional surface morphologies in soft materials.This review comprehensively examines the mechanics,fabrication,and rapidly expanding applications of these instability-driven patterns.This review first elucidates the fundamental principles governing the formation of various instability modes,stemming from classical model of thin film–substrate system,and discusses advanced strategies for achieving precise morphological control,including hierarchical and spatially organized structures.Then the core of this review highlights the transformative impact of these tailored surface topographies across diverse fields.Key applications explored include the development of highly sensitive and stretchable electronic skins(E-skins),energy-harvesting triboelectric nanogenerators,deformable optoelectronic devices,physically unclonable features for advanced optical encryption and anti-counterfeiting,engineering surfaces with dynamically tunable wettability,and biomimetic constructs for biomedical engineering and artificial tissues.Finally,a forward-looking perspective on the challenges and future opportunities in this vibrant field was provided,emphasizing the potential of integrating stimuli-responsive materials,computational design,and artificial intelligence to develop the next generation of intelligent,adaptive,and multifunctional surfaces.展开更多
Macrocyclic compounds play a fundamental role in supramolecular chemistry,demonstrating significant prospect in functional materials owing to their precise cavities and tunable molecular recognition and assembly capab...Macrocyclic compounds play a fundamental role in supramolecular chemistry,demonstrating significant prospect in functional materials owing to their precise cavities and tunable molecular recognition and assembly capabilities.However,the only cavity of the mono-macrocyclic hosts limited the development of traditional mono-macrocycle-based supramolecular materials in assembly dimensionality,recognition selectivity,and synergistic performance.Therefore,multi-macrocyclic hosts attracted increasing attention due to their unique advantages originated from multi-cavity cooperativity,which include more abundant guest suitability,multiple-dimension assembly,precise collaborative effect,and so on.Based on these merits,introducing multi-macrocyclic hosts into supramolecular materials can efficiently improve and enrich the properties of these kinds of materials.This review summarizes recent innovative design and constructing strategies for multi-macrocyclic hosts,including covalent chain bridged,covalent fused,coordinated,and mechanically interlocked pathway.And their applications in recognition,luminescence,catalysis,biomedical and chiral materials are highlighted,while the advantages of multi-macrocycles in enhancing binding affinity,selectivity,and stimulus-responsive behavior are elucidated.Furthermore,we discuss future directions,such as novel multifunctional hosts design,optimization of assembly strategies,and interdisciplinary applications,providing theoretical insights and practical guidance for the development of multi-macrocycles-based high performance supramolecular materials.展开更多
Recently, the leading materials science journal Advanced Functional Materials published a research paper titled “Superlight and Ultrathin Aerogel-Functionalized Textiles for Personal Thermal Management in Extremely C...Recently, the leading materials science journal Advanced Functional Materials published a research paper titled “Superlight and Ultrathin Aerogel-Functionalized Textiles for Personal Thermal Management in Extremely Cold Environments,” highlighting advancements in Y-Warm after aerogel modification and its enhanced performance as an apparel thermal insulation material. In the study, aerogel-functionalized textile coatings(AFTC) are applied to a closed-cell flexible substrate insulation textile(Y-Warm).展开更多
Calcium ferrite(CF)is recognized as a potential green and efficient functional material because of its advantages of magnetism,electrochemistry,catalysis,and biocompatibility in the fields of materials chemistry,envir...Calcium ferrite(CF)is recognized as a potential green and efficient functional material because of its advantages of magnetism,electrochemistry,catalysis,and biocompatibility in the fields of materials chemistry,environmental engineering,and biomedicine.There-fore,the obtained research results need to be systematically summarized,and new perspectives on CF and its composite materials need to be analyzed.Based on the presented studies of CF and its composite materials,the types and structures of the crystal are summarized.In addition,the current application technologies and theoretical mechanisms with various properties in different fields are elucidated.Moreover,the various preparation methods of CF and its composite materials are elaborated in detail.Most importantly,the advantages and disadvantages of the synthesis methods of CF and its composite materials are discussed,and the existing problems and emerging challenges in practical production are identified.Furthermore,the key future research directions of CF and its composite materials have been prospected from the potential application technologies to provide references for its synthesis and efficient utilization.展开更多
Layered intercalated functional materials of layered double hydroxide type are an important class of functional materials developed in recent years. Based on long term studies on these materials in the State Key Labor...Layered intercalated functional materials of layered double hydroxide type are an important class of functional materials developed in recent years. Based on long term studies on these materials in the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering in Beiiing University of Chemical Technology, the orinciole for the design of controlled intercalation processes in the light of tuture production processing requirements has been developed. Intercalation assembly methods and technologies have been invented to control the intercalation process for preparing layered intercalated materials with various structures and functions.展开更多
The great potential of liquid-crystalline block copolymers(LCBCs)containing photoresponsive mesogens toward novel applications in photonics and nanotechnology has been attracting increasing attention,due to the combin...The great potential of liquid-crystalline block copolymers(LCBCs)containing photoresponsive mesogens toward novel applications in photonics and nanotechnology has been attracting increasing attention,due to the combination of the inherent property of microphase separation of block copolymers and the hierarchically-assembled structures of liquid-crystalline polymers(LCPs).The periodically ordered nanostructures in bulk film of LCBCs can be acquired by supramolecular cooperative motion,derived from the interaction between liquid-crystalline elastic deformation and microphase separation,which are able to improve physical properties of polymer film toward advanced functional applications.Moreover,various microano-patterned structures have been fabricated via light manipulation of photoresponsive LCBCs with good reproducibility and mass production.Thanks to recent developments in synthesis and polymerization techniques,diverse azobenzene-containing LCBCs have been designed,resulting in the creation of a wide variety of novel functions.This review illustrates recent progresses in macroscopic regulation of hierarchical nanostructures in LCBCs towards functional materials.The existing challenges are also discussed,showing perspectives for future studies.展开更多
Microanostructured crystals with controlled architectures are desirable for many applications in optics,electronics,biology,medicine,and energy conversions.Low-temperature,aqueous chemical routes have been widely inve...Microanostructured crystals with controlled architectures are desirable for many applications in optics,electronics,biology,medicine,and energy conversions.Low-temperature,aqueous chemical routes have been widely investigated for the synthesis of particles,and arrays of oriented nanorods and nanotubes.In this paper,based on the ideal crystal shapes predicted by the chemical bonding theory,we have developed some potential chemical strategies to tune the microstructure of functional materials,ZnS and Nb205 nanotube arrays,MgO wiskers and nestlike spheres,and cubic phase Cu2O microcrystals were synthesized here to elucidate these strategies.We describe their controlled crystallization processes and illustrate the detailed key factors controlling their growth by examining various reaction parameters.Current results demonstrate that our designed chemical strategies for tuning microstructure of functional materials are applicable to several technologically important materials,and therefore may be used as a versatile and effective route to the controllable synthesis of other inorganic functional materials.展开更多
This paper presents a new electromagnetic functional material developed byelectron-less nickel deposition technique, with a single hollow micro-sphere as the core templateand a thin nickel layer as the shell. The micr...This paper presents a new electromagnetic functional material developed byelectron-less nickel deposition technique, with a single hollow micro-sphere as the core templateand a thin nickel layer as the shell. The micrograph taken by a scanning electron microscope showsthe microstructures of the materials in detail. Scattering parameters of the waveguide sample holderfilled with the materials have been obtained over X band. The electromagnetic parameters computedfrom the measured S parameters show that the material with metallic hollow spheres has as highrelative permeability μ'_r as 19.0 with about 0.6 magnetic loss tangent over the whole bandwidth.Compared to the material with non-metallic spheres, the permeability μ'_r and the magnetic losstangent μ'_r increase greatly, while the permittivity remains lower than 1.8.展开更多
Non-renewable fossil fuels have led to serious problems such as global warming,environmental pollution,etc.Oxygen electrocatalysis including oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)plays a cent...Non-renewable fossil fuels have led to serious problems such as global warming,environmental pollution,etc.Oxygen electrocatalysis including oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)plays a central role in clean energy conversion,enabling a number of sustainable processes for future air battery technologies.Fluorine,as the most electronegative element(4.0)not only can induce more efficient regulation for the electronic structure,but also can bring more abundant defects and other novel effects in materials selection and preparation for favorable catalysis with respect to the other nonmetal elements.However,an individual and comprehensive overview of fluorine-containing functional materials for oxygen electrocatalysis field is still blank.Therefore,it is very meaningful to review the recent progresses of fluorine-containing oxygen electrocatalysts.In this review,we first systematically summarize the controllable preparation methods and their possible development directions based on fluorine-containing materials from four preparation methods.Due to the strong electron-withdrawing properties of fluorine,its control of the electronic structure can effectively enhance the oxygen electrocatalytic activity of the materials.In addition,the catalytic enhancement effect of fluorine on carbonbased materials also includes the prevent oxidation and the layer peeling,and realizes the precise atomic control.And the catalytic improvement mechanism of fluorine containing metal-based compounds also includes the hydration of metal site,the crystal transformation,and the oxygen vacancy induction.Then,based on their various dimensions(0D–3D),we also have summarized the advantages of different morphologies on oxygen electrocatalytic performances.Finally,the prospects and possible future researching direction of F-containing oxygen electrocatalysts are presented(e.g.,novel pathways,advanced methods for measurement and simulation,field assistance and multi-functions).The review is considered valuable and helpful in exploring the novel designs and mechanism analyses of advanced fluorine-containing electrocatalysts.展开更多
Between the two major arsenic-containing salts in natural water, arsenite(As(Ⅲ)) is far more harmful to human and the environment than arsenate(As(V)) due to its high toxicity and transportability. Therefore, preoxid...Between the two major arsenic-containing salts in natural water, arsenite(As(Ⅲ)) is far more harmful to human and the environment than arsenate(As(V)) due to its high toxicity and transportability. Therefore, preoxidation of As(Ⅲ) to As(V) is considered to be an effective means to reduce the toxicity of arsenic and to promote the removal efficiency of arsenic. Due to their high catalytic activity and arsenic affinity, iron-based functional materials can quickly oxidize As(Ⅲ) to As(V) in heterogeneous Fenton-like systems, and then remove As(V) from water through adsorption and surface coprecipitation. In this review, the effects of different iron-based functional materials such as zero-valent iron and iron(hydroxy) oxides on arsenic removal are compared, and the catalytic oxidation mechanism of As(Ⅲ) in heterogeneous Fenton process is further clarified. Finally, the main challenges and opportunities faced by iron-based As(Ⅲ) oxidation functional materials are prospected.展开更多
The integration of organic and inorganic materials has been widely used in various applications to generate novel functional nanomaterials characterized by unique properties.Functional crystalline framework nanosheets...The integration of organic and inorganic materials has been widely used in various applications to generate novel functional nanomaterials characterized by unique properties.Functional crystalline framework nanosheets and their synergistic effects have been studied recently for possessing the advantages of functional species as well as crystalline framework nanosheets.Hence,we have focused on the preparation methods and applications of functional crystalline framework nanosheets in this review.We introduced crystalline framework nanosheets and discussed the importance of integrating functional species with nanosheets to form functional crystalline framework nanosheets.Then,two aspects of the preparation methods of functional crystalline framework nanosheets were reviewed:in situ synthesis and post-synthesis modification.Subsequently,we discussed the properties of the crystalline framework nanosheets combined with various functional species and summarized their applications in catalysis,sensing,separation,and energy storage.Finally,we have shared our insights on the challenges of functional crystalline framework nanosheets,hoping to contribute to the knowledge base for optimizing the preparation methods,expanding categories,improving stability,and exploring potential applications.展开更多
The mechanism of chloride ion penetration in high performance concrete was analy zed. The experimental results indicate that there are two important reasons that influence the anti-chloride penetration of high perform...The mechanism of chloride ion penetration in high performance concrete was analy zed. The experimental results indicate that there are two important reasons that influence the anti-chloride penetration of high performance concrete. One is the function effect of mineral functional material, so that it increases conc rete's capability to resist chloride ion penetration. The other is combined acti on of mineral functional material's original capability of binding the chloride ion (physical adsorption) and physicochemical adsorption after hydration.展开更多
In this review,the application of light ion irradiation is discussed for tailoring novel functional materials and for improving the performance in SiC or Si based electrical power devices.The deep traps and electronic...In this review,the application of light ion irradiation is discussed for tailoring novel functional materials and for improving the performance in SiC or Si based electrical power devices.The deep traps and electronic disorder produced by light ion irradiation can modify the electrical,magnetic,and optical properties of films(e.g.,dilute ferromagnetic semiconductors and topological materials).Additionally,benefiting from the high reproducibility,precise manipulation of functional depth and density of defects,as well as the flexible patternability,the helium or proton ion irradiation has been successfully employed in improving the dynamic performance of SiC and Si based PiN diode power devices by reducing their majority carrier lifetime,although the static performance is sacrificed due to deep level traps.Such a trade-off has been regarded as the key point to compromise the static and dynamic performances of power devices.As a result,herein the light ion irradiation is highlighted in both exploring new physics and optimizing the performance in functional materials and electrical devices.展开更多
High-throughput computational materials design provides one efficient solution to accelerate the discovery and development of functional materials. Its core concept is to build a large quantum materials repository and...High-throughput computational materials design provides one efficient solution to accelerate the discovery and development of functional materials. Its core concept is to build a large quantum materials repository and to search for target materials with desired properties via appropriate materials descriptors in a high-throughput fashion, which shares the same idea with the materials genome approach. This article reviews recent progress of discovering and developing new functional materials using high-throughput computational materials design approach. Emphasis is placed on the rational design of high-throughput screening procedure and the development of appropriate materials descriptors, concentrating on the electronic and magnetic properties of functional materials for various types of industrial applications in nanoelectronics.展开更多
Microbial fuel cells(MFCs),as a sustainable and promising technology to solve both environmental pollution and energy shortage,have captured tremendous attention.The conversion efficiency of chemical energy contained ...Microbial fuel cells(MFCs),as a sustainable and promising technology to solve both environmental pollution and energy shortage,have captured tremendous attention.The conversion efficiency of chemical energy contained in organic waste or wastewater to electricity via microbial metabolism strongly depends on the performance of each functional unit,including the anode,cathode and separator/membrane used in MFCs.Therefore,significant attention has been paid toward developing advanced functional materials to enhance the performance of each unit or provide new featured functions.This review paper provides a comprehensive review on recent achievements and advances in the modification and development of functional materials for MFC systems,including 1)the development of functional anode materials for enhanced microbial compatibilities as well as electron transfer capabilities,2)the development of cost-effective separators/membranes such as ion exchange membrane,porous membrane,polymer electrolyte membrane and composite membrane,and 3)the development of functional cathode catalysts to decrease the over-potential and enhance the electrocatalytic efficiency for oxygen reduction reaction in order to substitute the common costly Pt catalyst.The challenges and outlooks of functional materials for MFC applications are also discussed.展开更多
In this review, we highlight the recent development of organic π-functional materials as buffer layers in constructing efficient perovskite solar cells(PVSCs). By following a brief introduction on the PVSC developm...In this review, we highlight the recent development of organic π-functional materials as buffer layers in constructing efficient perovskite solar cells(PVSCs). By following a brief introduction on the PVSC development, device architecture and material design features, we exemplified the exciting progresses made in field by exploiting organic π-functional materials based hole and electron transport layers(HTLs and ETLs) to enable high-performance PVSCs.展开更多
The stable sub-angstrom resolution of the aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope(ACSTEM)makes it an advanced and practical characterization technique for all materials.Owing to the prosperous a...The stable sub-angstrom resolution of the aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope(ACSTEM)makes it an advanced and practical characterization technique for all materials.Owing to the prosperous advancement in computational technology,specialized software and programs have emerged as potent facilitators across the entirety of electron microscopy characterization process.Utilizing advanced image processing algorithms promotes the rectification of image distortions,concurrently elevating the overall image quality to superior standards.Extracting high-resolution,pixel-level discrete information and converting it into atomic-scale,followed by performing statistical calculations on the physical matters of interest through quantitative analysis,represent an effective strategy to maximize the value of electron microscope images.The efficacious utilization of quantitative analysis of electron microscope images has become a progressively prominent consideration for materials scientists and electron microscopy researchers.This article offers a concise overview of the pivotal procedures in quantitative analysis and summarizes the computational methodologies involved from three perspectives:contrast,lattice and strain,as well as atomic displacements and polarization.It further elaborates on practical applications of these methods in electronic functional materials,notably in piezoelectrics/ferroelectrics and thermoelectrics.It emphasizes the indispensable role of quantitative analysis in fundamental theoretical research,elucidating the structure–property correlations in high-performance systems,and guiding synthesis strategies.展开更多
A brief introduction of the connotation and characteristics of metal functional materials was presented. The current research and development of several important materials and the difference between home and world ad...A brief introduction of the connotation and characteristics of metal functional materials was presented. The current research and development of several important materials and the difference between home and world advanced level were described. The latest trend of research and development was discussed. The industrialization and market for several new metal functional materials were commented and some opinions also were given.展开更多
1. RE Permanent Materials Chinese demand for RE permanent magnets increases at 20% per year. The output of sintered NdFeB magnets will reach 70,000 tons in 2010, 75% of the world total, with sales value of RMB $26 bil...1. RE Permanent Materials Chinese demand for RE permanent magnets increases at 20% per year. The output of sintered NdFeB magnets will reach 70,000 tons in 2010, 75% of the world total, with sales value of RMB $26 billion. 2. RE Catalyst展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Fund Program for Excellent Young Scientists(Overseas)Young Scientists Fund C Class(Grant No.12502113)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Fund of China Young Scientist Type C(Grant No.52502362)Faculty Research Fund(105162)supported by Lingnan University,Hong Kongthe Direct Grant(DR26A1)from Lingnan Universitythe financial support from National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB4202902)Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures(Grant No.MCAS-E-0124Y03)。
摘要Surface instabilities,such as wrinkling,folding,and creasing,have transcended their traditional perception as mechanical failures to emerge as a powerful and versatile paradigm for engineering functional surface morphologies in soft materials.This review comprehensively examines the mechanics,fabrication,and rapidly expanding applications of these instability-driven patterns.This review first elucidates the fundamental principles governing the formation of various instability modes,stemming from classical model of thin film–substrate system,and discusses advanced strategies for achieving precise morphological control,including hierarchical and spatially organized structures.Then the core of this review highlights the transformative impact of these tailored surface topographies across diverse fields.Key applications explored include the development of highly sensitive and stretchable electronic skins(E-skins),energy-harvesting triboelectric nanogenerators,deformable optoelectronic devices,physically unclonable features for advanced optical encryption and anti-counterfeiting,engineering surfaces with dynamically tunable wettability,and biomimetic constructs for biomedical engineering and artificial tissues.Finally,a forward-looking perspective on the challenges and future opportunities in this vibrant field was provided,emphasizing the potential of integrating stimuli-responsive materials,computational design,and artificial intelligence to develop the next generation of intelligent,adaptive,and multifunctional surfaces.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22471222,22461040,22165027)the Key R&D Program of Gansu Province(No.21YF5GA066)+2 种基金the Top Leading Talents Project of Gansu ProvinceGansu Province College Industry Support Plan Project(No.2022CYZC-18)Northwest Normal University Postgraduate Research Funding Project(No.KYZZS2025157)。
摘要Macrocyclic compounds play a fundamental role in supramolecular chemistry,demonstrating significant prospect in functional materials owing to their precise cavities and tunable molecular recognition and assembly capabilities.However,the only cavity of the mono-macrocyclic hosts limited the development of traditional mono-macrocycle-based supramolecular materials in assembly dimensionality,recognition selectivity,and synergistic performance.Therefore,multi-macrocyclic hosts attracted increasing attention due to their unique advantages originated from multi-cavity cooperativity,which include more abundant guest suitability,multiple-dimension assembly,precise collaborative effect,and so on.Based on these merits,introducing multi-macrocyclic hosts into supramolecular materials can efficiently improve and enrich the properties of these kinds of materials.This review summarizes recent innovative design and constructing strategies for multi-macrocyclic hosts,including covalent chain bridged,covalent fused,coordinated,and mechanically interlocked pathway.And their applications in recognition,luminescence,catalysis,biomedical and chiral materials are highlighted,while the advantages of multi-macrocycles in enhancing binding affinity,selectivity,and stimulus-responsive behavior are elucidated.Furthermore,we discuss future directions,such as novel multifunctional hosts design,optimization of assembly strategies,and interdisciplinary applications,providing theoretical insights and practical guidance for the development of multi-macrocycles-based high performance supramolecular materials.
摘要近日,我校化学与材料工程学院、宝鸡市新型聚集诱导发光材料工程技术研究中心在国际著名TOP期刊Advanced Functional Materials(影响因子19.0,SCI一区TOP)发表题为“Asymmetric TADF Emitters with 93%Horizontal Dipole Orientation Enable 20.1%EQE in Deep-Red OLEDs and Spectral Tunability to NIR”的研究论文,该研究中设计并合成了两种具有刚性结构和高度取向的非对称近红外分子DTN和ATN。
摘要Recently, the leading materials science journal Advanced Functional Materials published a research paper titled “Superlight and Ultrathin Aerogel-Functionalized Textiles for Personal Thermal Management in Extremely Cold Environments,” highlighting advancements in Y-Warm after aerogel modification and its enhanced performance as an apparel thermal insulation material. In the study, aerogel-functionalized textile coatings(AFTC) are applied to a closed-cell flexible substrate insulation textile(Y-Warm).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51574105)the Science and Technology Program of Hebei Province,China(No.23564101D)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(No.E2021209147)the Key Research Project of North China University of Science and Technology(No.ZD-ST-202308)the Postgraduate Innovation Funding Project of Hebei Province,China(No.CXZZBS2024135).
摘要Calcium ferrite(CF)is recognized as a potential green and efficient functional material because of its advantages of magnetism,electrochemistry,catalysis,and biocompatibility in the fields of materials chemistry,environmental engineering,and biomedicine.There-fore,the obtained research results need to be systematically summarized,and new perspectives on CF and its composite materials need to be analyzed.Based on the presented studies of CF and its composite materials,the types and structures of the crystal are summarized.In addition,the current application technologies and theoretical mechanisms with various properties in different fields are elucidated.Moreover,the various preparation methods of CF and its composite materials are elaborated in detail.Most importantly,the advantages and disadvantages of the synthesis methods of CF and its composite materials are discussed,and the existing problems and emerging challenges in practical production are identified.Furthermore,the key future research directions of CF and its composite materials have been prospected from the potential application technologies to provide references for its synthesis and efficient utilization.
基金Supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program (2011BAE28B01) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21276016).
摘要Layered intercalated functional materials of layered double hydroxide type are an important class of functional materials developed in recent years. Based on long term studies on these materials in the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering in Beiiing University of Chemical Technology, the orinciole for the design of controlled intercalation processes in the light of tuture production processing requirements has been developed. Intercalation assembly methods and technologies have been invented to control the intercalation process for preparing layered intercalated materials with various structures and functions.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB0703702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51773002,51921002).
摘要The great potential of liquid-crystalline block copolymers(LCBCs)containing photoresponsive mesogens toward novel applications in photonics and nanotechnology has been attracting increasing attention,due to the combination of the inherent property of microphase separation of block copolymers and the hierarchically-assembled structures of liquid-crystalline polymers(LCPs).The periodically ordered nanostructures in bulk film of LCBCs can be acquired by supramolecular cooperative motion,derived from the interaction between liquid-crystalline elastic deformation and microphase separation,which are able to improve physical properties of polymer film toward advanced functional applications.Moreover,various microano-patterned structures have been fabricated via light manipulation of photoresponsive LCBCs with good reproducibility and mass production.Thanks to recent developments in synthesis and polymerization techniques,diverse azobenzene-containing LCBCs have been designed,resulting in the creation of a wide variety of novel functions.This review illustrates recent progresses in macroscopic regulation of hierarchical nanostructures in LCBCs towards functional materials.The existing challenges are also discussed,showing perspectives for future studies.
基金the financial support of the program for the New Century Excellent Talents in University(Grant No.NCET-05-0278)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20471012)+1 种基金the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China(Grant No.200322)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(Grant No.20040141004).
摘要Microanostructured crystals with controlled architectures are desirable for many applications in optics,electronics,biology,medicine,and energy conversions.Low-temperature,aqueous chemical routes have been widely investigated for the synthesis of particles,and arrays of oriented nanorods and nanotubes.In this paper,based on the ideal crystal shapes predicted by the chemical bonding theory,we have developed some potential chemical strategies to tune the microstructure of functional materials,ZnS and Nb205 nanotube arrays,MgO wiskers and nestlike spheres,and cubic phase Cu2O microcrystals were synthesized here to elucidate these strategies.We describe their controlled crystallization processes and illustrate the detailed key factors controlling their growth by examining various reaction parameters.Current results demonstrate that our designed chemical strategies for tuning microstructure of functional materials are applicable to several technologically important materials,and therefore may be used as a versatile and effective route to the controllable synthesis of other inorganic functional materials.
摘要This paper presents a new electromagnetic functional material developed byelectron-less nickel deposition technique, with a single hollow micro-sphere as the core templateand a thin nickel layer as the shell. The micrograph taken by a scanning electron microscope showsthe microstructures of the materials in detail. Scattering parameters of the waveguide sample holderfilled with the materials have been obtained over X band. The electromagnetic parameters computedfrom the measured S parameters show that the material with metallic hollow spheres has as highrelative permeability μ'_r as 19.0 with about 0.6 magnetic loss tangent over the whole bandwidth.Compared to the material with non-metallic spheres, the permeability μ'_r and the magnetic losstangent μ'_r increase greatly, while the permittivity remains lower than 1.8.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(52203066,51973157,51673148 and 51678411)the Science and Technology Plans of Tianjin,China(19PTSYJC00010)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant,China(2019M651047)the Tianjin Research Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students,China(2020YJSB062)the Tianjin Municipal College Student’Innovation And Entrepreneurship Training Program,China(202110058052)the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students,China(202110058017)。
摘要Non-renewable fossil fuels have led to serious problems such as global warming,environmental pollution,etc.Oxygen electrocatalysis including oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)plays a central role in clean energy conversion,enabling a number of sustainable processes for future air battery technologies.Fluorine,as the most electronegative element(4.0)not only can induce more efficient regulation for the electronic structure,but also can bring more abundant defects and other novel effects in materials selection and preparation for favorable catalysis with respect to the other nonmetal elements.However,an individual and comprehensive overview of fluorine-containing functional materials for oxygen electrocatalysis field is still blank.Therefore,it is very meaningful to review the recent progresses of fluorine-containing oxygen electrocatalysts.In this review,we first systematically summarize the controllable preparation methods and their possible development directions based on fluorine-containing materials from four preparation methods.Due to the strong electron-withdrawing properties of fluorine,its control of the electronic structure can effectively enhance the oxygen electrocatalytic activity of the materials.In addition,the catalytic enhancement effect of fluorine on carbonbased materials also includes the prevent oxidation and the layer peeling,and realizes the precise atomic control.And the catalytic improvement mechanism of fluorine containing metal-based compounds also includes the hydration of metal site,the crystal transformation,and the oxygen vacancy induction.Then,based on their various dimensions(0D–3D),we also have summarized the advantages of different morphologies on oxygen electrocatalytic performances.Finally,the prospects and possible future researching direction of F-containing oxygen electrocatalysts are presented(e.g.,novel pathways,advanced methods for measurement and simulation,field assistance and multi-functions).The review is considered valuable and helpful in exploring the novel designs and mechanism analyses of advanced fluorine-containing electrocatalysts.
基金financially supported by the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars of China (No. 52022111)the Distinguished Young Scholars of China (No. 51825403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51634010, 51974379)。
摘要Between the two major arsenic-containing salts in natural water, arsenite(As(Ⅲ)) is far more harmful to human and the environment than arsenate(As(V)) due to its high toxicity and transportability. Therefore, preoxidation of As(Ⅲ) to As(V) is considered to be an effective means to reduce the toxicity of arsenic and to promote the removal efficiency of arsenic. Due to their high catalytic activity and arsenic affinity, iron-based functional materials can quickly oxidize As(Ⅲ) to As(V) in heterogeneous Fenton-like systems, and then remove As(V) from water through adsorption and surface coprecipitation. In this review, the effects of different iron-based functional materials such as zero-valent iron and iron(hydroxy) oxides on arsenic removal are compared, and the catalytic oxidation mechanism of As(Ⅲ) in heterogeneous Fenton process is further clarified. Finally, the main challenges and opportunities faced by iron-based As(Ⅲ) oxidation functional materials are prospected.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21727808,21971114,21908105,and 22205100)the Jiangsu Provincial Funds for Natural Science Foundation (No.BK20200090)。
摘要The integration of organic and inorganic materials has been widely used in various applications to generate novel functional nanomaterials characterized by unique properties.Functional crystalline framework nanosheets and their synergistic effects have been studied recently for possessing the advantages of functional species as well as crystalline framework nanosheets.Hence,we have focused on the preparation methods and applications of functional crystalline framework nanosheets in this review.We introduced crystalline framework nanosheets and discussed the importance of integrating functional species with nanosheets to form functional crystalline framework nanosheets.Then,two aspects of the preparation methods of functional crystalline framework nanosheets were reviewed:in situ synthesis and post-synthesis modification.Subsequently,we discussed the properties of the crystalline framework nanosheets combined with various functional species and summarized their applications in catalysis,sensing,separation,and energy storage.Finally,we have shared our insights on the challenges of functional crystalline framework nanosheets,hoping to contribute to the knowledge base for optimizing the preparation methods,expanding categories,improving stability,and exploring potential applications.
基金Funded by the Country Project of Tacking Key Problem for Fif teen Plan(No.2001BA307B05 08)
摘要The mechanism of chloride ion penetration in high performance concrete was analy zed. The experimental results indicate that there are two important reasons that influence the anti-chloride penetration of high performance concrete. One is the function effect of mineral functional material, so that it increases conc rete's capability to resist chloride ion penetration. The other is combined acti on of mineral functional material's original capability of binding the chloride ion (physical adsorption) and physicochemical adsorption after hydration.
基金This work was supported by Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2019B 010132001)This work was also partially funded by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020A1515110891).
摘要In this review,the application of light ion irradiation is discussed for tailoring novel functional materials and for improving the performance in SiC or Si based electrical power devices.The deep traps and electronic disorder produced by light ion irradiation can modify the electrical,magnetic,and optical properties of films(e.g.,dilute ferromagnetic semiconductors and topological materials).Additionally,benefiting from the high reproducibility,precise manipulation of functional depth and density of defects,as well as the flexible patternability,the helium or proton ion irradiation has been successfully employed in improving the dynamic performance of SiC and Si based PiN diode power devices by reducing their majority carrier lifetime,although the static performance is sacrificed due to deep level traps.Such a trade-off has been regarded as the key point to compromise the static and dynamic performances of power devices.As a result,herein the light ion irradiation is highlighted in both exploring new physics and optimizing the performance in functional materials and electrical devices.
基金support by National Science Foundation under award number ACI-1550404American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund under the award number 55481-DNI6+1 种基金Global Research Outreach(GRO)Program of Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology under the award number 20164974the Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship program sponsored by the Basic Research Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering under the Office of Naval Research grant N00014-16-1-2569
摘要High-throughput computational materials design provides one efficient solution to accelerate the discovery and development of functional materials. Its core concept is to build a large quantum materials repository and to search for target materials with desired properties via appropriate materials descriptors in a high-throughput fashion, which shares the same idea with the materials genome approach. This article reviews recent progress of discovering and developing new functional materials using high-throughput computational materials design approach. Emphasis is placed on the rational design of high-throughput screening procedure and the development of appropriate materials descriptors, concentrating on the electronic and magnetic properties of functional materials for various types of industrial applications in nanoelectronics.
基金supported jointly by Natural Science Foundation of China(51878309)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1900105).
摘要Microbial fuel cells(MFCs),as a sustainable and promising technology to solve both environmental pollution and energy shortage,have captured tremendous attention.The conversion efficiency of chemical energy contained in organic waste or wastewater to electricity via microbial metabolism strongly depends on the performance of each functional unit,including the anode,cathode and separator/membrane used in MFCs.Therefore,significant attention has been paid toward developing advanced functional materials to enhance the performance of each unit or provide new featured functions.This review paper provides a comprehensive review on recent achievements and advances in the modification and development of functional materials for MFC systems,including 1)the development of functional anode materials for enhanced microbial compatibilities as well as electron transfer capabilities,2)the development of cost-effective separators/membranes such as ion exchange membrane,porous membrane,polymer electrolyte membrane and composite membrane,and 3)the development of functional cathode catalysts to decrease the over-potential and enhance the electrocatalytic efficiency for oxygen reduction reaction in order to substitute the common costly Pt catalyst.The challenges and outlooks of functional materials for MFC applications are also discussed.
基金financial support from the 973 program(No.2014CB643503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21474088)+2 种基金financial support from NSFC(No.21674093)the National 1000 Young Talents Program hosted by China100 Talents Program by Zhejiang University
摘要In this review, we highlight the recent development of organic π-functional materials as buffer layers in constructing efficient perovskite solar cells(PVSCs). By following a brief introduction on the PVSC development, device architecture and material design features, we exemplified the exciting progresses made in field by exploiting organic π-functional materials based hole and electron transport layers(HTLs and ETLs) to enable high-performance PVSCs.
基金Project supported by the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3201100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52172128)the Top Young Talents Programme of Xi’an Jiaotong University.
摘要The stable sub-angstrom resolution of the aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope(ACSTEM)makes it an advanced and practical characterization technique for all materials.Owing to the prosperous advancement in computational technology,specialized software and programs have emerged as potent facilitators across the entirety of electron microscopy characterization process.Utilizing advanced image processing algorithms promotes the rectification of image distortions,concurrently elevating the overall image quality to superior standards.Extracting high-resolution,pixel-level discrete information and converting it into atomic-scale,followed by performing statistical calculations on the physical matters of interest through quantitative analysis,represent an effective strategy to maximize the value of electron microscope images.The efficacious utilization of quantitative analysis of electron microscope images has become a progressively prominent consideration for materials scientists and electron microscopy researchers.This article offers a concise overview of the pivotal procedures in quantitative analysis and summarizes the computational methodologies involved from three perspectives:contrast,lattice and strain,as well as atomic displacements and polarization.It further elaborates on practical applications of these methods in electronic functional materials,notably in piezoelectrics/ferroelectrics and thermoelectrics.It emphasizes the indispensable role of quantitative analysis in fundamental theoretical research,elucidating the structure–property correlations in high-performance systems,and guiding synthesis strategies.
摘要A brief introduction of the connotation and characteristics of metal functional materials was presented. The current research and development of several important materials and the difference between home and world advanced level were described. The latest trend of research and development was discussed. The industrialization and market for several new metal functional materials were commented and some opinions also were given.
摘要1. RE Permanent Materials Chinese demand for RE permanent magnets increases at 20% per year. The output of sintered NdFeB magnets will reach 70,000 tons in 2010, 75% of the world total, with sales value of RMB $26 billion. 2. RE Catalyst