Developing a chiral material as versatile and universal chiral stationary phase(CSP) for chiral separation in diverse chromatographic techniques simultaneously is of great significance.In this study,we demonstrated fo...Developing a chiral material as versatile and universal chiral stationary phase(CSP) for chiral separation in diverse chromatographic techniques simultaneously is of great significance.In this study,we demonstrated for the first time that a chiral metal-organic cage(MOC),[Zn6M4],as a universal chiral recognition material for both multi-mode high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and capillary gas chromatography(GC) enantioseparation.Two novel HPLC CSPs with different bonding arms(CSP-A with a cationic imidazolium bonding arm and CSP-B with an alkyl chain bonding arm) were prepared by clicking of functionalized chiral MOC [Zn6M4] onto thiolated silica via thiol-ene click chemistry.Meanwhile,a capillary GC column statically coated with the chiral MOC [Zn6M4] was also fabricated.The results showed that the chiral MOC exhibits excellent enantioselectivity not only in normal phase HPLC(NP-HPLC) and reversed phase(RP-HPLC) but also in GC,and various racemates were well separated,including alcohols,diols,esters,ketones,ethers,amines,and epoxides.Importantly,CSP-A and CSP-B are complementary to commercially available Chiralcel OD-H and Chiralpak AD-H columns in enantioseparation,which can separate some racemates that could not be or could not well be separated by the two widely used commercial columns,suggesting the great potential of the two prepared CSPs in enantioseparation.This work reveals that the chiral MOC is potential versatile chiral recognition materials for both HPLC and GC,and also paves the way to expand the potential applications of MOCs.展开更多
The fruits of marmelada bola(Alibertia edulis)and curriola(Pouteria ramiflora)from the Brazilian Cerrado exhibit distinct flavors and aromas.However,the mechanisms underlying aroma development during ripening are poor...The fruits of marmelada bola(Alibertia edulis)and curriola(Pouteria ramiflora)from the Brazilian Cerrado exhibit distinct flavors and aromas.However,the mechanisms underlying aroma development during ripening are poorly understood.This study aimed to identify and monitor changes in volatile organic compounds(VOCs)at three ripening stages,i.e.,mature green(MG),half-ripe(HR),and fully ripe(FR),using headspace solid-phase microextraction(HSSPME)coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS).Three fibers were tested.Polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene(PDMS/DVB)extracted the highest number of VOCs from both fruits.Sixteen compounds were identified in marmelada bola and 15 in curriola.Esters were the predominant chemical class,followed by alcohols in marmelada bola and terpenoids in curriola.VOCs levels generally increased with ripening,especially esters and aldehydes such as methyl hexanoate and 2-dodecenal in marmelada bola,and ethyl hexanoate and ethyl octanoate in curriola.Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis confirmed the changes in the volatile profile across ripening stages and highlighted the superior efficiency of PDMS/DVB fiber.Some compounds were only detected at specific ripening stages,suggesting their potential as ripeness markers.These results contribute to understanding the biochemical basis of aroma formation in native Cerrado fruits and may support their valorization in the food industry.展开更多
Applications of pyrolysis-gas chromatography and pyrolysis capillary gas chromatography in explosive and propellant analysis are reviewed, including the identification of explosives and propel- lants, the investigatio...Applications of pyrolysis-gas chromatography and pyrolysis capillary gas chromatography in explosive and propellant analysis are reviewed, including the identification of explosives and propel- lants, the investigation of the thermal decomposition of nitrocellulose (NC), cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX)and cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX), and the study of the wear- reducing mechanism of polyurethane additive in propellant gain.展开更多
AIM:To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of metastasis and to identify the metabolomic markers of gastric cancer metastasis.METHODS:Gastric tumors from metastatic and nonmetastatic groups were used in this study.Met...AIM:To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of metastasis and to identify the metabolomic markers of gastric cancer metastasis.METHODS:Gastric tumors from metastatic and nonmetastatic groups were used in this study.Metabolites and different metabolic patterns were analyzed by gas chromatography,mass spectrometry and principal components analysis(PCA),respectively.Differentiation performance was validated by the area under the curve(AUC)of receiver operating characteristic curves.RESULTS:Twenty-nine metabolites were differentially expressed in animal models of human gastric cancer.Of the 29 metabolites,20 were up-regulated and 9 were down-regulated in metastasis group compared to non-metastasis group.PCA models from the metabolite profiles could differentiate the metastatic from the nonmetastatic specimens with an AUC value of 1.0.These metabolites were mainly involved in several metabolic pathways,including glycolysis(lactic acid,alaline),serine metabolism(serine,phosphoserine),proline metabolism(proline),glutamic acid metabolism,tricarboxylic acid cycle(succinate,malic acid),nucleotide metabolism(pyrimidine),fatty acid metabolism(docosanoic acid,and octadecanoic acid),and methylation(glycine).The serine and proline metabolisms were highlighted during the progression of metastasis.CONCLUSION:Proline and serine metabolisms play an important role in metastasis.The metabolic profiling of tumor tissue can provide new biomarkers for the treatment of gastric cancer metastasis.展开更多
Chiral covalent organic frameworks(CCOFs) featuring chirality, stability, and good porosity have attracted a considerable amount of attention due to their important applications, such as asymmetric catalysis, chiral s...Chiral covalent organic frameworks(CCOFs) featuring chirality, stability, and good porosity have attracted a considerable amount of attention due to their important applications, such as asymmetric catalysis, chiral separation, and chiral recognition. In this study, a β-cyclodextrin(β-CD) covalent organic framework(β-CD-COF) diluted with polysiloxane OV-1701 was explored as a novel chiral stationary phase(CSP) for gas chromatography(GC) separation of racemates. The β-CD-COF coated capillary column had excellent selectivity, not only for the separation of linear alkanes, linear alcohols, fatty acid methyl esters mixture, the Grob mixture and positional isomers, but also for the resolution of chiral compounds, including chiral alcohols, aldehydes, ethers, and amino acid derivatives. In addition, the β-CD-COF-coated capillary column presented good repeatability and reproducibility. This work indicated the great potential of the CCOFs coated capillary column for the chromatographic separation of enantiomers.展开更多
The variation among Chinese genotypes of Brassica napus L. for seed tocopherols content and their analysis using gas chromatography has not been comprehensively reported till to date. In the present study, the tocophe...The variation among Chinese genotypes of Brassica napus L. for seed tocopherols content and their analysis using gas chromatography has not been comprehensively reported till to date. In the present study, the tocopherol contents of four Chinese genotypes of Brassica napus L., namely, Gaoyou 605, Zhejiang 619, Zheshuang 758, and Zheshuang 72, were evaluated using three modified sample preparation protocols (P1, P2, and P3) for tocopherol extraction. These methods were distinguished as follows. Protocol one (P1) included the evaporation of solvent after extraction without silylation. Protocol two (P2) followed the direct supernatant collection after overnight extraction without drying and silylation. Protocol three (P3) included trimethylsilylation with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide. Genotypic comparison of tocopherol and its isoforms revealed that Gaoyou 605 was dominant over the other genotypes with (140.5+ 10.5), (316.2+ 9.2), and (559.1+ 24.3) ~tg g-~ of seed meal ct-, 7-, and total (T-) tocopherol, respectively, and a 0.44+0.04 ^- to 7-tocopherol ratio. The comparison of the sample preparation protocols, on the other hand, suggests that P3 is the most suitable method for the tocopherol extraction from Brassica oilseeds and for the analysis of tocopherols using gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Trimethylsilylation is the key step differentiating P3 from P1 and P2. Variations detected in tocopherol contents among the Chinese rapeseed (B. napus) genotypes signify the need to quantify a wide range of rapeseed germplasm for seed tocopherol dynamics in short and crop improvement in long.展开更多
A novel metabolomic method based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to determine the metabolites in the serum of piglets in response to weaning and dietary L-glutamine (Gin) supplementatio...A novel metabolomic method based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to determine the metabolites in the serum of piglets in response to weaning and dietary L-glutamine (Gin) supplementation. Thirty-six 21-d-old piglets were randomly assigned into three groups. One group continued to suckle from the sows (suckling group), whereas the other two groups were weaned and their diets were supplemented with 1% (w/w) Gin or isonitrogenous L-alanine, respectively, representing Gin group or control group. Serum samples were collected to characterize metabolites after a 7-d treatment. Results showed that twenty metabolites were down-regulated significantly (P〈0.05) in control piglets compared with suckling ones. These data demonstrated that early weaning causes a wide range of metabolic changes across arginine and proline metabolism, aminosugar and nucleotide metabolism, galactose metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid, and fatty acid metabolism. Dietary Gin supplementation increased the levels of creatinine, D-xylose, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, palmitelaidic acid, and a-L-galactofuranose (P〈0.05) in eady weaned piglets, and were involved in the arginine and proline metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. A leave-one-out cross-validation of random forest analysis indicated that creatinine was the most important metabolite among the three groups. Notably, the concentration of creatinine in control piglets was decreased (P=0.00001) compared to the suckling piglets, and increased (P=0.0003) in Gin-supplemented piglets. A correlation network for weaned and suckling piglets revealed that early weaning changed the metabolic pathways, leading to the abnormality of carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism, which could be partially improved by dietary Gin supplementation. These findings provide fresh insight into the complex metabolic changes in response to early weaning and dietary Gin supplementation in piglets.展开更多
Quality control of ginseng currently is mainly based on ginsenoside analysis,but rarely focuses on the volatile organic components.In the current work,an untargeted metabolomics approach,by headspace solid-phase micro...Quality control of ginseng currently is mainly based on ginsenoside analysis,but rarely focuses on the volatile organic components.In the current work,an untargeted metabolomics approach,by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC/MS),was elaborated and further employed to holistically compare the compositional difference of the volatile components simultaneously from 12 Panax herbal medicines,which included P.ginseng(PG),P.quinquefolius(PQ),P.notoginseng(PN),red ginseng(PGR),P.ginseng leaf(PGL),P.quinquefolius leaf(PQL),P.notoginseng leaf(PNL),P.ginseng flower(PGF),P.quinquefolius flower(PQF),P.notoginseng flower(PNF),P.japonicus(PJ),and P.japonicus var.major(PJvm).Chromatographic separation was performed on an HP-5MS elastic quartz capillary column using helium as the carrier gas,enabling good resolution within 1 h.We were able to characterize totally 259 volatile compounds,including 82 terpenes(T),46 alcohols(Alc),29 ketones(K),25 aldehydes(Ald),21 esters(E),and the others.By analyzing 90 batches of ginseng samples based on the untargeted metabolomics workflows,236 differential ions were unveiled,and accordingly 36 differential volatile components were discovered.It is the first report that simultaneously compares the compositional difference of volatile components among 12 Panax herbal medicines,and useful information is provided for the quality control of ginseng aside from the well-known ginsenosides.展开更多
The present study describes guanidinium-based ionic liquids(GBILs) as stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography (CGC) and to the best of our knowledge,no related reports are available up to now.In this st...The present study describes guanidinium-based ionic liquids(GBILs) as stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography (CGC) and to the best of our knowledge,no related reports are available up to now.In this study,a hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquid(DOTMG-NTf;) was synthesized and coated statically onto capillary columns.Selectivity of the stationary phase was evaluated by separating Grob test mixture,test mixture,alcohols mixture,and fatty acid methyl esters mixture,and thermal stability was investigated as well.The present study demonstrates that GBILs as CGC stationary phases exhibit satisfactory selectivity and thermal stability and have a great potential as new candidates for CGC stationary phases.展开更多
A new method for simultaneous determination of four phthalate esters ( PAEs) in commercial fat-containing foods was developed by the combination of a packed nanofibers column based on solid-phase extraction with gas...A new method for simultaneous determination of four phthalate esters ( PAEs) in commercial fat-containing foods was developed by the combination of a packed nanofibers column based on solid-phase extraction with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector ( GC-FID ). Conditions for obtaining optimum extraction efficiency such as extraction solvents, morphologies of adsorbent, ion strength and pH were investigated and optimized in detail. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) found for dibutyl phthalate (DBP) , butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) were 50, 25, 50 and 25 ng/g, respectively. Good linearity of four PAEs was achieved in the range of 50 to 4 000 ng/g. The proposed method was applied for analyzing different kinds of fat-containing samples. PAEs in commercial fat-containing samples can be highly extracted by a packed solid-phase extraction column of 5 mg polystyrene ( PS) nanofibers. The satisfactory average recoveries were obtained in the range of 96. 7% to 102. 3% , and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 5% were achieved. The proposed method reduces the organic solvent consumption, the complex and tedious procedures for sample pretreatment, and achieves high sensitivity and reproducibility for the investigated PAEs.展开更多
One chloride-terminated ionic liquid(CTIL) and two hydroxyl-terminated ionic liquids(HTILs) were synthesized and used as stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography(CGC).Molecular interactions of these st...One chloride-terminated ionic liquid(CTIL) and two hydroxyl-terminated ionic liquids(HTILs) were synthesized and used as stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography(CGC).Molecular interactions of these stationary phases were evaluated by Abraham solvation parameter model,indicating that the CTIL exhibits remarkably strong H-bond basicity and the HTILs possess both H-bond basicity and acidity.The molecular interactions were further confirmed by separation of a complex mixture consisting of ketones,aldehydes,esters,alcohols and aromatic compounds.It was found that the obtained solvation parameters correlate well with the chromatographic performances of the analytes in terms of elution order and resolution.The well correlated relationship between the solvation parameters and the selectivity of the CTIL and HTILs stationary phases is quite helpful in predicting and understanding the retention behaviors of different types of analytes on these stationary phases.展开更多
Essential oil, with more than thirty kinds of compounds separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, was extracted from Shatian shaddock peel and Sweet shaddock peel by squeeze-steam distillation ...Essential oil, with more than thirty kinds of compounds separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, was extracted from Shatian shaddock peel and Sweet shaddock peel by squeeze-steam distillation and direct steam distillation method. Among their composition, the main components are terpene compounds, which account for 93.926% (mass fraction, the same below) and 85.843% of essential oils extracted from Shatian shaddock peel and Sweet shaddock peel, respectively. Although nootkatone is the major contributor of shaddock characteristic scent, and its contents are 1.069% and 1.749% of essential oils from Sweet shaddock peel and Shatian shaddock peel, respectively. The results show that squeeze-steam distillation gives higher yield and good quality of essential oil and the compositions of essential oils from two kinds of shaddock peels are different, but the main contributors of the shaddock scent are the same.展开更多
A new capillary gas chromatography stationary phase, monokis (2,6 di O benzyl 3 O propyl (3’)) hexakis(2,6 di O benzyl 3 O methyl) β CD bonded polysiloxane, was synthesized. It exhibited separation abilities to disu...A new capillary gas chromatography stationary phase, monokis (2,6 di O benzyl 3 O propyl (3’)) hexakis(2,6 di O benzyl 3 O methyl) β CD bonded polysiloxane, was synthesized. It exhibited separation abilities to disubstituted benzene isomers and some chiral solutes. It was also found that the polarity of CD derivatives can be lowered both by chemically bonding it to polysiloxane and by diluting it in polysiloxane. The separation abilities of the polysiloxane anchored CDs (SP CD) are higher than that of the unbonded CDs (S CD) and the diluted S CD at lower column temperature. Hydrosilylation reaction is one of the best methods to lower the operating temperature of CDs.展开更多
A guanidinium ionic liquid,N,N,N',N'-tetrahexyl-N",N"-dimethylguanidinium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonylimide(THDMGNTf2),was synthesized and used as stationary phase for capillary gas chromatography.I...A guanidinium ionic liquid,N,N,N',N'-tetrahexyl-N",N"-dimethylguanidinium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonylimide(THDMGNTf2),was synthesized and used as stationary phase for capillary gas chromatography.In comparison with imidazolium ionic liquid stationary phase,the present new stationary phase exhibits quite different selectivity and behaves more like a low polar stationary phase.The guanidinium ionic liquid of THDMG-NTf2 exhibited better separation of Grab test mixture than imidazolium ionic liquid of 1-octyl-3-butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonylimide(OBIM-NTf2).Solvation parameter model was also used to evaluate the selectivity of THDMG-NTf2.Additionally,essential oil of Magnolia biondii Pamp was analyzed to further evaluate the selectivity of THDMG-NTf2 for a sample of complicated components.Satisfactory separation of the essential oil was achieved on a THDMG-NTf2 column(10 m)while using a commercial column(30 m)as reference.The present study shows that the guanidinium ionic liquid possesses novel chromatographic selectivity and has great potential for wide applications.展开更多
A new ionic liquids grafted polysiloxane used as stationary phase for capillary gas chromatography(CGC)is described.The stationary phase of 1-vinyl-3-hexylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate anchored to polysiloxane(PMHS-...A new ionic liquids grafted polysiloxane used as stationary phase for capillary gas chromatography(CGC)is described.The stationary phase of 1-vinyl-3-hexylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate anchored to polysiloxane(PMHS-[VHIm][PF6])was synthe-sized,characterized and coated onto capillary columns by static coating.The results show that the present stationary phase exhibits a very good chromatographic resolution and selectivity for Grob test mixture and alcohols with baseline resolution and symmetry peaks.The present work suggests that novel stationary phase has a great potential for further development and application.2009 Mei Ling Qi.Published by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society.All rights reserved.展开更多
A method in combination with derivatization-supercritical fluid extraction(SFE) and gas chromatography(GC) for the speciation and quantitative determination of dimethylarsinate(DMA), monomethylarsonate(MMA) an...A method in combination with derivatization-supercritical fluid extraction(SFE) and gas chromatography(GC) for the speciation and quantitative determination of dimethylarsinate(DMA), monomethylarsonate(MMA) and inorganic arsenic in solid matrices was investigated. Thioglycolic acid methyl ester(TGM) and thioglycolic acid ethyl ester(TGE) were evaluated as derivatization reagents. The effects of pressure, temperature, flow rate of supercritical CO_2, extraction time, modifier and microemulsion on the efficiency of extraction were systematically investigated. The procedure was applied to the analysis of real soil and sediment samples. Results showed that TGE was more effective for arsenic speciation as a derivatization reagent. Modifying supercritical CO_2 with methanol can greatly improve the extraction efficiency. Further, the addition of microemulsion containing surfactant Triton X-100 can further enhance recoveries of arsenic species. The optimum extraction conditions were 100 ℃, 30 MPa, 10 min static and 25 min dynamic extraction with 5%(v/v) methanol, and surfactant modified supercritical CO_2. Detection limits in solid matrices were 0.15, 0.3 and 1.2 mg/kg for DMA, MMA and inorganic arsenic,respectively. The method was validated by the recovery data. The resulting method was fast, easy to perform and selective in the extraction and detection of various arsenic species in solid matrices.展开更多
A method for the determination of dichlofluanid residue by Capillary Collumns Gas Chromatography was established in this study.Samples were extracted with acetone and subjected to through liquid-liquid extraction with...A method for the determination of dichlofluanid residue by Capillary Collumns Gas Chromatography was established in this study.Samples were extracted with acetone and subjected to through liquid-liquid extraction with N-hexane,and then they were cleanup with column that filled with florisil,subsequently separated by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography,and the electron capture detector (ECD) was used for detection.The detection limit of this method was 0.005 mg/kg (S/N=3),and this method was rapid,sensitive and accurate,and was applied in the determination of dichlofluanid residue in soybean.展开更多
The cross-linking of crown ether-SE-54 in fused-silica capillary columns were initiated by dicumyl peroxide(DCUP),azo-bis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN)and ozone(O_3).Parameters of evaluation such as polarity,selectivity, ph...The cross-linking of crown ether-SE-54 in fused-silica capillary columns were initiated by dicumyl peroxide(DCUP),azo-bis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN)and ozone(O_3).Parameters of evaluation such as polarity,selectivity, phase transition temperature and thermal stability were studied and compared with those of poly(crown ether)stationary phase.展开更多
Headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME)with sol-gel calix[6]arene-containing fiber followed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector was used to examine the composition and distribution of seven p...Headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME)with sol-gel calix[6]arene-containing fiber followed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector was used to examine the composition and distribution of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in water.The novel SPME fiber exhibited higher extraction efficiency to PAHs compared with poly(dimethylsiloxane)and other calixarene-containing fibers.Extractionetention mechanism based on the interactions between calixarenes and PAHs was discussed.Owing to the good selectivity and high extraction capability of this calixarene fiber,low detection limits were obtained in a range of 0.34―6.50 ng/L and the relative standard deviation values were≤12.3%for all of the analytes.The linear ranges of the proposed method were five orders of magnitude for the tested compounds,with linear correlation coefficients(r)greater than 0.998.The method was applied to the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in nine water sources in Wuhan City,China.Standard addition method was selected for the quantification and the recovery values were in a satisfactory range.Total PAHs concentrations in the nine surface water samples were found to vary between undetectable and 8.840μg/L with two-and three-ring PAHs predominating.展开更多
The composition and sequence distribution of monomeric units in polyester polyether multiblock copolymer were studied by pyrolysis? gas chromatography (PGC) and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PGC/MS)....The composition and sequence distribution of monomeric units in polyester polyether multiblock copolymer were studied by pyrolysis? gas chromatography (PGC) and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PGC/MS). PGC was applied to study the F t curve of the multiblock copolymer and PGC/MS was used to separate and identify the pyrolyzates. DTA experiment was used to study the decomposition temperature. The results show that the beginning point of elastomer’s decomposition was about 300?℃ and the decomposition temperature of most of the sample was 550?℃. Many pyrolyzates were produced because of the breaking of weak bonds in the sample. The possible microstructure was verified and the pyrolysis pathway of the copolymer was investigated.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22064020,22364022,and 22174125)the Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province (Nos.202101AT070101 and 202201AT070029)。
摘要Developing a chiral material as versatile and universal chiral stationary phase(CSP) for chiral separation in diverse chromatographic techniques simultaneously is of great significance.In this study,we demonstrated for the first time that a chiral metal-organic cage(MOC),[Zn6M4],as a universal chiral recognition material for both multi-mode high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and capillary gas chromatography(GC) enantioseparation.Two novel HPLC CSPs with different bonding arms(CSP-A with a cationic imidazolium bonding arm and CSP-B with an alkyl chain bonding arm) were prepared by clicking of functionalized chiral MOC [Zn6M4] onto thiolated silica via thiol-ene click chemistry.Meanwhile,a capillary GC column statically coated with the chiral MOC [Zn6M4] was also fabricated.The results showed that the chiral MOC exhibits excellent enantioselectivity not only in normal phase HPLC(NP-HPLC) and reversed phase(RP-HPLC) but also in GC,and various racemates were well separated,including alcohols,diols,esters,ketones,ethers,amines,and epoxides.Importantly,CSP-A and CSP-B are complementary to commercially available Chiralcel OD-H and Chiralpak AD-H columns in enantioseparation,which can separate some racemates that could not be or could not well be separated by the two widely used commercial columns,suggesting the great potential of the two prepared CSPs in enantioseparation.This work reveals that the chiral MOC is potential versatile chiral recognition materials for both HPLC and GC,and also paves the way to expand the potential applications of MOCs.
基金supported by the FAPEMAT,Fundação de AmparoàPesquisa de Mato Grosso(157627/2014).
摘要The fruits of marmelada bola(Alibertia edulis)and curriola(Pouteria ramiflora)from the Brazilian Cerrado exhibit distinct flavors and aromas.However,the mechanisms underlying aroma development during ripening are poorly understood.This study aimed to identify and monitor changes in volatile organic compounds(VOCs)at three ripening stages,i.e.,mature green(MG),half-ripe(HR),and fully ripe(FR),using headspace solid-phase microextraction(HSSPME)coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS).Three fibers were tested.Polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene(PDMS/DVB)extracted the highest number of VOCs from both fruits.Sixteen compounds were identified in marmelada bola and 15 in curriola.Esters were the predominant chemical class,followed by alcohols in marmelada bola and terpenoids in curriola.VOCs levels generally increased with ripening,especially esters and aldehydes such as methyl hexanoate and 2-dodecenal in marmelada bola,and ethyl hexanoate and ethyl octanoate in curriola.Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis confirmed the changes in the volatile profile across ripening stages and highlighted the superior efficiency of PDMS/DVB fiber.Some compounds were only detected at specific ripening stages,suggesting their potential as ripeness markers.These results contribute to understanding the biochemical basis of aroma formation in native Cerrado fruits and may support their valorization in the food industry.
摘要Applications of pyrolysis-gas chromatography and pyrolysis capillary gas chromatography in explosive and propellant analysis are reviewed, including the identification of explosives and propel- lants, the investigation of the thermal decomposition of nitrocellulose (NC), cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX)and cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX), and the study of the wear- reducing mechanism of polyurethane additive in propellant gain.
基金Supported by Grants from Shanghai Key Program of Science and Technology Committee(09JC1411600)Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(08ZR1411300)
摘要AIM:To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of metastasis and to identify the metabolomic markers of gastric cancer metastasis.METHODS:Gastric tumors from metastatic and nonmetastatic groups were used in this study.Metabolites and different metabolic patterns were analyzed by gas chromatography,mass spectrometry and principal components analysis(PCA),respectively.Differentiation performance was validated by the area under the curve(AUC)of receiver operating characteristic curves.RESULTS:Twenty-nine metabolites were differentially expressed in animal models of human gastric cancer.Of the 29 metabolites,20 were up-regulated and 9 were down-regulated in metastasis group compared to non-metastasis group.PCA models from the metabolite profiles could differentiate the metastatic from the nonmetastatic specimens with an AUC value of 1.0.These metabolites were mainly involved in several metabolic pathways,including glycolysis(lactic acid,alaline),serine metabolism(serine,phosphoserine),proline metabolism(proline),glutamic acid metabolism,tricarboxylic acid cycle(succinate,malic acid),nucleotide metabolism(pyrimidine),fatty acid metabolism(docosanoic acid,and octadecanoic acid),and methylation(glycine).The serine and proline metabolisms were highlighted during the progression of metastasis.CONCLUSION:Proline and serine metabolisms play an important role in metastasis.The metabolic profiling of tumor tissue can provide new biomarkers for the treatment of gastric cancer metastasis.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2019YFA0904104)。
摘要Chiral covalent organic frameworks(CCOFs) featuring chirality, stability, and good porosity have attracted a considerable amount of attention due to their important applications, such as asymmetric catalysis, chiral separation, and chiral recognition. In this study, a β-cyclodextrin(β-CD) covalent organic framework(β-CD-COF) diluted with polysiloxane OV-1701 was explored as a novel chiral stationary phase(CSP) for gas chromatography(GC) separation of racemates. The β-CD-COF coated capillary column had excellent selectivity, not only for the separation of linear alkanes, linear alcohols, fatty acid methyl esters mixture, the Grob mixture and positional isomers, but also for the resolution of chiral compounds, including chiral alcohols, aldehydes, ethers, and amino acid derivatives. In addition, the β-CD-COF-coated capillary column presented good repeatability and reproducibility. This work indicated the great potential of the CCOFs coated capillary column for the chromatographic separation of enantiomers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30971700 and 31171463)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Z3100130)
摘要The variation among Chinese genotypes of Brassica napus L. for seed tocopherols content and their analysis using gas chromatography has not been comprehensively reported till to date. In the present study, the tocopherol contents of four Chinese genotypes of Brassica napus L., namely, Gaoyou 605, Zhejiang 619, Zheshuang 758, and Zheshuang 72, were evaluated using three modified sample preparation protocols (P1, P2, and P3) for tocopherol extraction. These methods were distinguished as follows. Protocol one (P1) included the evaporation of solvent after extraction without silylation. Protocol two (P2) followed the direct supernatant collection after overnight extraction without drying and silylation. Protocol three (P3) included trimethylsilylation with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide. Genotypic comparison of tocopherol and its isoforms revealed that Gaoyou 605 was dominant over the other genotypes with (140.5+ 10.5), (316.2+ 9.2), and (559.1+ 24.3) ~tg g-~ of seed meal ct-, 7-, and total (T-) tocopherol, respectively, and a 0.44+0.04 ^- to 7-tocopherol ratio. The comparison of the sample preparation protocols, on the other hand, suggests that P3 is the most suitable method for the tocopherol extraction from Brassica oilseeds and for the analysis of tocopherols using gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Trimethylsilylation is the key step differentiating P3 from P1 and P2. Variations detected in tocopherol contents among the Chinese rapeseed (B. napus) genotypes signify the need to quantify a wide range of rapeseed germplasm for seed tocopherol dynamics in short and crop improvement in long.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30700578)the Local Cooperative Enterprises of Zhejiang Province,China(Nos.H20080692 and H20020883)
摘要A novel metabolomic method based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to determine the metabolites in the serum of piglets in response to weaning and dietary L-glutamine (Gin) supplementation. Thirty-six 21-d-old piglets were randomly assigned into three groups. One group continued to suckle from the sows (suckling group), whereas the other two groups were weaned and their diets were supplemented with 1% (w/w) Gin or isonitrogenous L-alanine, respectively, representing Gin group or control group. Serum samples were collected to characterize metabolites after a 7-d treatment. Results showed that twenty metabolites were down-regulated significantly (P〈0.05) in control piglets compared with suckling ones. These data demonstrated that early weaning causes a wide range of metabolic changes across arginine and proline metabolism, aminosugar and nucleotide metabolism, galactose metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid, and fatty acid metabolism. Dietary Gin supplementation increased the levels of creatinine, D-xylose, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, palmitelaidic acid, and a-L-galactofuranose (P〈0.05) in eady weaned piglets, and were involved in the arginine and proline metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. A leave-one-out cross-validation of random forest analysis indicated that creatinine was the most important metabolite among the three groups. Notably, the concentration of creatinine in control piglets was decreased (P=0.00001) compared to the suckling piglets, and increased (P=0.0003) in Gin-supplemented piglets. A correlation network for weaned and suckling piglets revealed that early weaning changed the metabolic pathways, leading to the abnormality of carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism, which could be partially improved by dietary Gin supplementation. These findings provide fresh insight into the complex metabolic changes in response to early weaning and dietary Gin supplementation in piglets.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81872996)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin of China(Grant No.20JCYBJC00060).
摘要Quality control of ginseng currently is mainly based on ginsenoside analysis,but rarely focuses on the volatile organic components.In the current work,an untargeted metabolomics approach,by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC/MS),was elaborated and further employed to holistically compare the compositional difference of the volatile components simultaneously from 12 Panax herbal medicines,which included P.ginseng(PG),P.quinquefolius(PQ),P.notoginseng(PN),red ginseng(PGR),P.ginseng leaf(PGL),P.quinquefolius leaf(PQL),P.notoginseng leaf(PNL),P.ginseng flower(PGF),P.quinquefolius flower(PQF),P.notoginseng flower(PNF),P.japonicus(PJ),and P.japonicus var.major(PJvm).Chromatographic separation was performed on an HP-5MS elastic quartz capillary column using helium as the carrier gas,enabling good resolution within 1 h.We were able to characterize totally 259 volatile compounds,including 82 terpenes(T),46 alcohols(Alc),29 ketones(K),25 aldehydes(Ald),21 esters(E),and the others.By analyzing 90 batches of ginseng samples based on the untargeted metabolomics workflows,236 differential ions were unveiled,and accordingly 36 differential volatile components were discovered.It is the first report that simultaneously compares the compositional difference of volatile components among 12 Panax herbal medicines,and useful information is provided for the quality control of ginseng aside from the well-known ginsenosides.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.20675007)
摘要The present study describes guanidinium-based ionic liquids(GBILs) as stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography (CGC) and to the best of our knowledge,no related reports are available up to now.In this study,a hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquid(DOTMG-NTf;) was synthesized and coated statically onto capillary columns.Selectivity of the stationary phase was evaluated by separating Grob test mixture,test mixture,alcohols mixture,and fatty acid methyl esters mixture,and thermal stability was investigated as well.The present study demonstrates that GBILs as CGC stationary phases exhibit satisfactory selectivity and thermal stability and have a great potential as new candidates for CGC stationary phases.
基金The National Basic Research Program of China(973Program)(No.2012CB933302)the National Instrumental Research Program(No.2014YQ06077303)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81172720,21307086)Suzhou Science and Technology Department Foundation(No.ZXG201441)
摘要A new method for simultaneous determination of four phthalate esters ( PAEs) in commercial fat-containing foods was developed by the combination of a packed nanofibers column based on solid-phase extraction with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector ( GC-FID ). Conditions for obtaining optimum extraction efficiency such as extraction solvents, morphologies of adsorbent, ion strength and pH were investigated and optimized in detail. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) found for dibutyl phthalate (DBP) , butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) were 50, 25, 50 and 25 ng/g, respectively. Good linearity of four PAEs was achieved in the range of 50 to 4 000 ng/g. The proposed method was applied for analyzing different kinds of fat-containing samples. PAEs in commercial fat-containing samples can be highly extracted by a packed solid-phase extraction column of 5 mg polystyrene ( PS) nanofibers. The satisfactory average recoveries were obtained in the range of 96. 7% to 102. 3% , and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 5% were achieved. The proposed method reduces the organic solvent consumption, the complex and tedious procedures for sample pretreatment, and achieves high sensitivity and reproducibility for the investigated PAEs.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.20675007).
摘要One chloride-terminated ionic liquid(CTIL) and two hydroxyl-terminated ionic liquids(HTILs) were synthesized and used as stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography(CGC).Molecular interactions of these stationary phases were evaluated by Abraham solvation parameter model,indicating that the CTIL exhibits remarkably strong H-bond basicity and the HTILs possess both H-bond basicity and acidity.The molecular interactions were further confirmed by separation of a complex mixture consisting of ketones,aldehydes,esters,alcohols and aromatic compounds.It was found that the obtained solvation parameters correlate well with the chromatographic performances of the analytes in terms of elution order and resolution.The well correlated relationship between the solvation parameters and the selectivity of the CTIL and HTILs stationary phases is quite helpful in predicting and understanding the retention behaviors of different types of analytes on these stationary phases.
摘要Essential oil, with more than thirty kinds of compounds separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, was extracted from Shatian shaddock peel and Sweet shaddock peel by squeeze-steam distillation and direct steam distillation method. Among their composition, the main components are terpene compounds, which account for 93.926% (mass fraction, the same below) and 85.843% of essential oils extracted from Shatian shaddock peel and Sweet shaddock peel, respectively. Although nootkatone is the major contributor of shaddock characteristic scent, and its contents are 1.069% and 1.749% of essential oils from Sweet shaddock peel and Shatian shaddock peel, respectively. The results show that squeeze-steam distillation gives higher yield and good quality of essential oil and the compositions of essential oils from two kinds of shaddock peels are different, but the main contributors of the shaddock scent are the same.
摘要A new capillary gas chromatography stationary phase, monokis (2,6 di O benzyl 3 O propyl (3’)) hexakis(2,6 di O benzyl 3 O methyl) β CD bonded polysiloxane, was synthesized. It exhibited separation abilities to disubstituted benzene isomers and some chiral solutes. It was also found that the polarity of CD derivatives can be lowered both by chemically bonding it to polysiloxane and by diluting it in polysiloxane. The separation abilities of the polysiloxane anchored CDs (SP CD) are higher than that of the unbonded CDs (S CD) and the diluted S CD at lower column temperature. Hydrosilylation reaction is one of the best methods to lower the operating temperature of CDs.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.20675007)
摘要A guanidinium ionic liquid,N,N,N',N'-tetrahexyl-N",N"-dimethylguanidinium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonylimide(THDMGNTf2),was synthesized and used as stationary phase for capillary gas chromatography.In comparison with imidazolium ionic liquid stationary phase,the present new stationary phase exhibits quite different selectivity and behaves more like a low polar stationary phase.The guanidinium ionic liquid of THDMG-NTf2 exhibited better separation of Grab test mixture than imidazolium ionic liquid of 1-octyl-3-butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonylimide(OBIM-NTf2).Solvation parameter model was also used to evaluate the selectivity of THDMG-NTf2.Additionally,essential oil of Magnolia biondii Pamp was analyzed to further evaluate the selectivity of THDMG-NTf2 for a sample of complicated components.Satisfactory separation of the essential oil was achieved on a THDMG-NTf2 column(10 m)while using a commercial column(30 m)as reference.The present study shows that the guanidinium ionic liquid possesses novel chromatographic selectivity and has great potential for wide applications.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for the funding(No.20675007)
摘要A new ionic liquids grafted polysiloxane used as stationary phase for capillary gas chromatography(CGC)is described.The stationary phase of 1-vinyl-3-hexylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate anchored to polysiloxane(PMHS-[VHIm][PF6])was synthe-sized,characterized and coated onto capillary columns by static coating.The results show that the present stationary phase exhibits a very good chromatographic resolution and selectivity for Grob test mixture and alcohols with baseline resolution and symmetry peaks.The present work suggests that novel stationary phase has a great potential for further development and application.2009 Mei Ling Qi.Published by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society.All rights reserved.
基金financially supported by Environmental Protection and Public Welfare Industry Research Special: the remediation technologies and demonstration for the combined pollution of the oil-heavy metals in the saline soil (No. 201109022)support by National High-tech Research and Development Projects (National 863 Projects): the key technology of efficient exploiting deep brine in the Yellow River delta (No. 2012AA061705)
摘要A method in combination with derivatization-supercritical fluid extraction(SFE) and gas chromatography(GC) for the speciation and quantitative determination of dimethylarsinate(DMA), monomethylarsonate(MMA) and inorganic arsenic in solid matrices was investigated. Thioglycolic acid methyl ester(TGM) and thioglycolic acid ethyl ester(TGE) were evaluated as derivatization reagents. The effects of pressure, temperature, flow rate of supercritical CO_2, extraction time, modifier and microemulsion on the efficiency of extraction were systematically investigated. The procedure was applied to the analysis of real soil and sediment samples. Results showed that TGE was more effective for arsenic speciation as a derivatization reagent. Modifying supercritical CO_2 with methanol can greatly improve the extraction efficiency. Further, the addition of microemulsion containing surfactant Triton X-100 can further enhance recoveries of arsenic species. The optimum extraction conditions were 100 ℃, 30 MPa, 10 min static and 25 min dynamic extraction with 5%(v/v) methanol, and surfactant modified supercritical CO_2. Detection limits in solid matrices were 0.15, 0.3 and 1.2 mg/kg for DMA, MMA and inorganic arsenic,respectively. The method was validated by the recovery data. The resulting method was fast, easy to perform and selective in the extraction and detection of various arsenic species in solid matrices.
摘要A method for the determination of dichlofluanid residue by Capillary Collumns Gas Chromatography was established in this study.Samples were extracted with acetone and subjected to through liquid-liquid extraction with N-hexane,and then they were cleanup with column that filled with florisil,subsequently separated by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography,and the electron capture detector (ECD) was used for detection.The detection limit of this method was 0.005 mg/kg (S/N=3),and this method was rapid,sensitive and accurate,and was applied in the determination of dichlofluanid residue in soybean.
摘要The cross-linking of crown ether-SE-54 in fused-silica capillary columns were initiated by dicumyl peroxide(DCUP),azo-bis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN)and ozone(O_3).Parameters of evaluation such as polarity,selectivity, phase transition temperature and thermal stability were studied and compared with those of poly(crown ether)stationary phase.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30901007)the Fund of the Ministry of Education of China(No.081025)
摘要Headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME)with sol-gel calix[6]arene-containing fiber followed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector was used to examine the composition and distribution of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in water.The novel SPME fiber exhibited higher extraction efficiency to PAHs compared with poly(dimethylsiloxane)and other calixarene-containing fibers.Extractionetention mechanism based on the interactions between calixarenes and PAHs was discussed.Owing to the good selectivity and high extraction capability of this calixarene fiber,low detection limits were obtained in a range of 0.34―6.50 ng/L and the relative standard deviation values were≤12.3%for all of the analytes.The linear ranges of the proposed method were five orders of magnitude for the tested compounds,with linear correlation coefficients(r)greater than 0.998.The method was applied to the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in nine water sources in Wuhan City,China.Standard addition method was selected for the quantification and the recovery values were in a satisfactory range.Total PAHs concentrations in the nine surface water samples were found to vary between undetectable and 8.840μg/L with two-and three-ring PAHs predominating.
摘要The composition and sequence distribution of monomeric units in polyester polyether multiblock copolymer were studied by pyrolysis? gas chromatography (PGC) and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PGC/MS). PGC was applied to study the F t curve of the multiblock copolymer and PGC/MS was used to separate and identify the pyrolyzates. DTA experiment was used to study the decomposition temperature. The results show that the beginning point of elastomer’s decomposition was about 300?℃ and the decomposition temperature of most of the sample was 550?℃. Many pyrolyzates were produced because of the breaking of weak bonds in the sample. The possible microstructure was verified and the pyrolysis pathway of the copolymer was investigated.