A detailed 3-D hail cloud numerical model and parameterization of mierophysieal processes were described in Part Ⅰ(Hong 1999)of this study.In this part,a hail cloud occurring in Xunyi area.Shaanxi Province on July 8,...A detailed 3-D hail cloud numerical model and parameterization of mierophysieal processes were described in Part Ⅰ(Hong 1999)of this study.In this part,a hail cloud occurring in Xunyi area.Shaanxi Province on July 8,1997 is simulated by the model to analyze mechanisms of hail formation and hail suppression with seeding.The results show that 97% of hail embryos are frozen drops.The seeding experiments with AgI in terms of heights show that if the seeding is made before hail formation,the optimum seeding position is located in the maximum updraft area and its center,i.e.,AgI is seeded in the zone with high water content to be coordinated with maximum zone of the updraft.The seeding makes concentrations of graupel and frozen drop increase and their average mass or size decrease,so that the proportion of conversion from graupel and frozen drop into hail descends greatly,and the mass and concentration of hailstone are decreased to achieve our purpose for hail suppression.展开更多
A case of hailstorm process occurring on 24 June 2006 in northwestern China was studied using satellite retrieval methodology.The particle effective radius(re)in the cloud tops was calculated by the reflectance in the...A case of hailstorm process occurring on 24 June 2006 in northwestern China was studied using satellite retrieval methodology.The particle effective radius(re)in the cloud tops was calculated by the reflectance in the 3.7μm channel,and cloud-top microphysical properties were vividly represented using the RGB visual multispectral classification scheme.The microphysical zones of clouds and the processes of hail formation and develop-ment are inferred using the relations of cloud-top temperature(T)versus re for the tops of convective clouds.The results show that particle effective radius was smaller near the cloud base of hailstorm.There was a deep zone of diffusional droplet growth at the low level where the particles grew slowly with height,and there existed an evident area of small ice particles in the cloud top,suggesting the existence of a strong updraft in the clouds.The low glaciated temperature indicated a great depth from the cloud base to the glaciation height,which provided a deep layer of supercooled water for hail growth.展开更多
Based on routine weather charts, numerical predication products and satellite cloud images, the causes of an infrequent regional hail weather process occurred in east of Gansu on Aug. 2, 2006 were diagnosed and analyz...Based on routine weather charts, numerical predication products and satellite cloud images, the causes of an infrequent regional hail weather process occurred in east of Gansu on Aug. 2, 2006 were diagnosed and analyzed. The results showed that the hail weather process occurred at the abnormal large-scale circulation leading the system to west. When the cold trough, which was separated by the north cold vortex, moved southward through Hetao and then intersected with 300 hPa jet stream and the surface cold front, that led to the strong convection. There were strong upward motion and unstable stratification in hail area, three MCS in satellite cloud, and a character of formed arch shape echo on radar echo charts.展开更多
以3D—Barnes方案插值的兰州站新一代天气雷达反射率因子等高平面资料,用垂直累积液态含水量(Vertically Integrated Liquid Water Content,简称:VIL)的理论模式计算单体VIL、用MAX函数逐次提取最大VIL(简称:VILmax),采用统计...以3D—Barnes方案插值的兰州站新一代天气雷达反射率因子等高平面资料,用垂直累积液态含水量(Vertically Integrated Liquid Water Content,简称:VIL)的理论模式计算单体VIL、用MAX函数逐次提取最大VIL(简称:VILmax),采用统计和分段函数处理技术,对20042005年5~8月青藏高原东北侧的32个强对流云单体VILmax的演变特征及其在冰雹云识别中的应用进行了分析。结果表明:(1)强对流云单体VILmax在演变过程中均是先增加,后减少,在时间序列曲线中表现为单峰型特征,其中冰雹云单体VILmax存在“爆发式增长及突然降低”现象,这是区别雷雨云单体的一个重要特征;(2)冰雹云单体首次降雹前4个资料时间间隔内VILmax将出现两次“爆发式增长”现象,第一次爆发式增长时不会降雹,维持1~2个资料时间间隔后第二次出现时开始降雹;同一单体再次降雹前没有第一次“爆发式增长”现象,出现“突然降低”现象时降雹均停止;(3)VILmax变化率(简称:GVILmax)的“正(负)峰”现象与冰雹云单体VILmax的“爆发式增长及突然降低”现象对应的时间完全吻合,利用GVILmax建立的冰雹云识别流程在实际业务中具有较高的使用价值。展开更多
摘要A detailed 3-D hail cloud numerical model and parameterization of mierophysieal processes were described in Part Ⅰ(Hong 1999)of this study.In this part,a hail cloud occurring in Xunyi area.Shaanxi Province on July 8,1997 is simulated by the model to analyze mechanisms of hail formation and hail suppression with seeding.The results show that 97% of hail embryos are frozen drops.The seeding experiments with AgI in terms of heights show that if the seeding is made before hail formation,the optimum seeding position is located in the maximum updraft area and its center,i.e.,AgI is seeded in the zone with high water content to be coordinated with maximum zone of the updraft.The seeding makes concentrations of graupel and frozen drop increase and their average mass or size decrease,so that the proportion of conversion from graupel and frozen drop into hail descends greatly,and the mass and concentration of hailstone are decreased to achieve our purpose for hail suppression.
基金supported jointly by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(Grant 2005DIB3J099)Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Grant 2007D11)
摘要A case of hailstorm process occurring on 24 June 2006 in northwestern China was studied using satellite retrieval methodology.The particle effective radius(re)in the cloud tops was calculated by the reflectance in the 3.7μm channel,and cloud-top microphysical properties were vividly represented using the RGB visual multispectral classification scheme.The microphysical zones of clouds and the processes of hail formation and develop-ment are inferred using the relations of cloud-top temperature(T)versus re for the tops of convective clouds.The results show that particle effective radius was smaller near the cloud base of hailstorm.There was a deep zone of diffusional droplet growth at the low level where the particles grew slowly with height,and there existed an evident area of small ice particles in the cloud top,suggesting the existence of a strong updraft in the clouds.The low glaciated temperature indicated a great depth from the cloud base to the glaciation height,which provided a deep layer of supercooled water for hail growth.
基金Supported by Meteorological Research Program of Gansu Province:Thunder and Lightning Monitor Based on New Generation Weather Radar and LD-II Thunder and Lightning Locator Prediction Services System Research of Pingliang City
摘要Based on routine weather charts, numerical predication products and satellite cloud images, the causes of an infrequent regional hail weather process occurred in east of Gansu on Aug. 2, 2006 were diagnosed and analyzed. The results showed that the hail weather process occurred at the abnormal large-scale circulation leading the system to west. When the cold trough, which was separated by the north cold vortex, moved southward through Hetao and then intersected with 300 hPa jet stream and the surface cold front, that led to the strong convection. There were strong upward motion and unstable stratification in hail area, three MCS in satellite cloud, and a character of formed arch shape echo on radar echo charts.
摘要以3D—Barnes方案插值的兰州站新一代天气雷达反射率因子等高平面资料,用垂直累积液态含水量(Vertically Integrated Liquid Water Content,简称:VIL)的理论模式计算单体VIL、用MAX函数逐次提取最大VIL(简称:VILmax),采用统计和分段函数处理技术,对20042005年5~8月青藏高原东北侧的32个强对流云单体VILmax的演变特征及其在冰雹云识别中的应用进行了分析。结果表明:(1)强对流云单体VILmax在演变过程中均是先增加,后减少,在时间序列曲线中表现为单峰型特征,其中冰雹云单体VILmax存在“爆发式增长及突然降低”现象,这是区别雷雨云单体的一个重要特征;(2)冰雹云单体首次降雹前4个资料时间间隔内VILmax将出现两次“爆发式增长”现象,第一次爆发式增长时不会降雹,维持1~2个资料时间间隔后第二次出现时开始降雹;同一单体再次降雹前没有第一次“爆发式增长”现象,出现“突然降低”现象时降雹均停止;(3)VILmax变化率(简称:GVILmax)的“正(负)峰”现象与冰雹云单体VILmax的“爆发式增长及突然降低”现象对应的时间完全吻合,利用GVILmax建立的冰雹云识别流程在实际业务中具有较高的使用价值。