High Speed on/off Valve(HSV)is an essential component in Aerospace Digital Hydraulic Systems(ADHS),which impose stringent requirements on the dynamic performance and reliability of HSV due to the extreme application e...High Speed on/off Valve(HSV)is an essential component in Aerospace Digital Hydraulic Systems(ADHS),which impose stringent requirements on the dynamic performance and reliability of HSV due to the extreme application environments.However,the faster dynamic leads to increased impact between the spool and valve body,causing severe vibration and wear,which creates a conflict between rapid dynamic and high reliability.To address this problem,a Pre-Excitation Soft Switching Control(PESSC)with both pre-excitation and reverse deceleration functionalities is proposed.The initial current is optimized through pre-excitation to accelerate the opening time,while the application of reverse voltage hastens the decline of electromagnetic force,thereby reducing the spool velocity.The PESSC simultaneously achieves both faster dynamic performance and smaller impact velocity.Moreover,the optimal deceleration voltage parameters are obtained through multi-objective optimization.Experimental results demonstrate that the optimized PESSC shortens the opening time from 2.22 ms to 1.65 ms,reduces the impact velocity by 58.3%,and lowers wear by 55.4%.These findings underline the huge potential of PESSC in enhancing the dynamic performance and reliability of HSVs,offering promising applications in aerospace.展开更多
High-speed on/off valve(HSV) is the core control component of digital hydraulic system(DHS),its dynamic performance determines the response speed and control accuracy of DHS.Initial current and driving voltage are the...High-speed on/off valve(HSV) is the core control component of digital hydraulic system(DHS),its dynamic performance determines the response speed and control accuracy of DHS.Initial current and driving voltage are the key factors affecting the dynamic performance of the HSV.In this study,a pre-excitation bootstrap control(PEBC) method is proposed to optimize both the initial current and driving voltage of the HSV during its switching process.The initial coil current is generated by pre-excitation control(PEC),which greatly shortens the opening delay time(ODT).Moreover,the driving voltage is impacted to several times the source voltage by bootstrap control(BC) without increasing the source voltage,so that the opening moving time(OMT) is largely decreased.Through numerical and experimental studies,it is demonstrated that the proposed PEBC not only optimizes the dynamic performance of the HSV,but also guarantees its regular switching in under-voltage applications.Compared to the existing three-voltage control algorithm,the PEBC can effectively speed up the moving process of the HSV at different supply pressure,and reduce its ODT by 51.05%(from 1.43 ms to 0.70 ms)and OMT by 6.62%(from 1.51 ms to 1.41 ms),respectively.As a summary,the PEBC is verified as a promising and practical method to improve the dynamic performance of the HSV.展开更多
A significant portion of the research on dynamic improvement of high speed on/off valve(HsV)focuses on structure and material optimization.However,they are limited to the design and manufacturing stages of HSV,which i...A significant portion of the research on dynamic improvement of high speed on/off valve(HsV)focuses on structure and material optimization.However,they are limited to the design and manufacturing stages of HSV,which is hard to change,making the innovation of control technology the most economical choice for numerous existing HSV products.In this paper,the definition of dynamic performance of HSV is introduced,followed by a comprehensive review of drive control technology for HSV to provide a broader perspective on the current state of research.The control technology on fast dynamic performance,low power consumption,and flexible-dynamic control is analyzed.Furthermore,a thorough search and bibliometric analysis of publications in the field of HSV drive control technology are performed.The contributions and corporations of countries,institutions,authors,journals,and patents are presented.The bibliometric analysis result shows that the research on HSV drive control technology started early,and it is still a hot field with concentrated research heat.This research proposes a deep analysis of existing research,offering a more market-oriented perspective that reveals the trends of research activities in multiple dimensions,helping researchers and institutions to align their future research with market trends for greater practical value.展开更多
A high-speed single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser(VCSEL)is one of the most important light sources for optical interconnects in data centers.Single-mode VCSEL can improve the transmission distance.In thi...A high-speed single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser(VCSEL)is one of the most important light sources for optical interconnects in data centers.Single-mode VCSEL can improve the transmission distance.In this letter,we demonstrate a single-mode 850 nm VCSEL with a bit rate of 60 Gb/s under NRZ modulation and 104 Gb/s under PAM4 modulation across a 100 m length of OM5 fiber,without the need for equalization or a filter.In addition,by using optical injection locking,the 3 dB bandwidth is enhanced to 68.5 GHz.展开更多
1 Introduction Drawing inspiration from the triumph of artificial intelligence in complex board games,we propose a novel game-theoretic framework for optimizing decision-making in high-speed vehicle(HSV)pursuit‒evasio...1 Introduction Drawing inspiration from the triumph of artificial intelligence in complex board games,we propose a novel game-theoretic framework for optimizing decision-making in high-speed vehicle(HSV)pursuit‒evasion game scenarios.The interaction between HSVs and defensive systems is reframed as a high-stakes game characterized by extreme dynamics,compressed decision windows,and partial observability;this presents computational challenges that mirror the strategic depth of board games like Go.展开更多
The summer of 2025 marked a new low for the US state of Califor-nia’s long-standing high-speed rail(HSR)ambitions.In a move that stunned state officials and rail advocates,the Trump administration abruptly pulled 4 b...The summer of 2025 marked a new low for the US state of Califor-nia’s long-standing high-speed rail(HSR)ambitions.In a move that stunned state officials and rail advocates,the Trump administration abruptly pulled 4 billion USD in federal funding from the project,redirecting the money to other passenger rail efforts across the coun-try that would prioritize safety and efficiency—without the climate and diversity requirements that had been part of previous grant pro-grams[1].For California Governor Gavin Newsom and the California High-Speed Rail Authority(CHSRA),the loss of federal support was more than a financial setback;it was a political disaster that threat-ened to stall the nation’s most high-profile rail project[2].展开更多
When To Lam,the Vietnamese Communist Party General Secretary and State President,visited China in April,high-speed rail dominated the agenda.Upon arriving in Beijing,To Lam immediately boarded a high-speed train to Xi...When To Lam,the Vietnamese Communist Party General Secretary and State President,visited China in April,high-speed rail dominated the agenda.Upon arriving in Beijing,To Lam immediately boarded a high-speed train to Xiong'an New Area.On April 17,he returned to Vietnam by rail through Pingxiang and Dong Dang station.展开更多
High speed on/off valve(HSV)is an essential component in aerospace digital hydraulic systems(ADHS).Dynamic performance and temperature rising characteristic are two important features,which determine the performance o...High speed on/off valve(HSV)is an essential component in aerospace digital hydraulic systems(ADHS).Dynamic performance and temperature rising characteristic are two important features,which determine the performance of HSV,and affect the response speed and reliability of ADHS.Increasing the driving voltage is an effective method for improving the dynamic performance of HSV.However,continuous high voltage excitation will lead to more wasted energy,higher temperature rising and lower reliability.To solve this problem,a pre-excitation control algorithm(PECA)is proposed in this paper based on the theoretical model of the influence of electrical parameters on dynamic performance and temperature rising characteristics.In PECA,an appropriate initial coil current is generated by pre-excitation instead of increasing driving voltage,which significantly shortens the switching delay time.Then,based on real-time current online calculation and feedback mechanism,the adaptive switching of five equivalent voltages is realized.Consequently,the coil current can be rapidly kept at the expected state without consuming more energy and generating more heat.Results indicate that compared with conventional PWM control algorithm,the PECA can improve dynamic performance of HSV,shorten the total switching time by 71.5%,and increase the maximum operation frequency.Therefore,the linear area of flow characteristic is expended by 80.0%,the adjusting time of HSV-controlled system is reduced by 23%,while shortening steady error by 46.7%.Moreover,the temperature rising characteristics of HSV are better,the maximum operation temperature is reduced by 68.6%,and the time to reach the steady state temperature is shortened by 20%.From the results,it can be concluded that the PECA is not only an effective and practical control algorithm for improving the performance of HSVs and HSV-controlled systems while reducing the heat generation and decreasing the temperature rising of HSV,but also can be a potential solution in ADHS.展开更多
High-speed railway holds a pivotal position in China's transportation system,closely intertwined with the production and daily lives of people.It serves as a critical carrier for fostering a new development paradi...High-speed railway holds a pivotal position in China's transportation system,closely intertwined with the production and daily lives of people.It serves as a critical carrier for fostering a new development paradigm,supporting high-quality growth,and building a modernized strong nation.Up to 2025,the high-speed railway operating mileage in China has exceeded 50000 km,ranking the first in the world and surpassing the combined total of high-speed railway operating mileage in all other countries.展开更多
The high-speed on/off valve(HSV)serves as the fundamental component responsible for generating discrete fluids within digital hydraulic systems.As the switching frequency of the HSV increases,the properties of the gen...The high-speed on/off valve(HSV)serves as the fundamental component responsible for generating discrete fluids within digital hydraulic systems.As the switching frequency of the HSV increases,the properties of the generated discrete fluid approach those of continuous fluids.Therefore,a higher frequency response characteristic of HSV is the key to ensure the control accuracy of digital hydraulic systems.However,the current research mainly focuses on its dynamic performance,but neglect its FRC.This paper presents a theoretical analysis demonstrating that the FRC of the HSV can be enhanced by minimizing its switching time.The maximum switching frequency(MSF)is mainly determined by opening dynamic performance when HSV operates with low switching duty ratio(SDR),whereas the closing dynamic performance limits the MSF when HSV operates with high SDR.Building upon these findings,the pre-excitation control algorithm(PECA)is proposed to reduce the switching time of the HSV,and consequently enhance its FRC.Experimental results demonstrate that PECA shortens the opening delay time of HSV by 1.12 ms,the closing delay time by 2.54 ms,and the closing moving time by 0.47 ms in comparison to the existing advanced control algorithms.As a result,a larger MSF of 417 Hz and a wider controllable SDR range from 20%to 70%were achieved at a switching frequency of 250 Hz.Thus,the proposed PFCA in this paper has been verified as an effective and promising approach for enhancing the control performance of digital hydraulic systems.展开更多
The finite element software was used to simulate the hot rolling finishing process,and the distribution of force,heat and velocity in the deformation zone was analyzed.Based on the high temperature friction and wear t...The finite element software was used to simulate the hot rolling finishing process,and the distribution of force,heat and velocity in the deformation zone was analyzed.Based on the high temperature friction and wear tester,the friction process of high speed steel(HSS)roll and strip during hot rolling was simulated.The results show that the process can be divided into three stages based on the observed changes in the friction coefficient throughout the rolling process.In the initial state,owing to the instability of the rolling process,the friction coefficient rapidly attains its maximum value within a brief interval and subsequently declines rapidly.Subsequently,the friction coefficient undergoes a gradual increase due to the formation of finer oxide layer particles during the growth period.Ultimately,the friction coefficient will be maintained at a stable value between 0.34 and 0.37.At this time,the HSS roll matrix mainly contains MC,M2C and M6C carbides.Additionally,the surface oxide layer particles become larger and more densely distributed,which can inhibit the wear of HSS rolls to a certain extent.展开更多
Local invariant algorithm applied in downward-looking image registration,usually computes the camera's pose relative to visual landmarks.Generally,there are three requirements in the process of image registration ...Local invariant algorithm applied in downward-looking image registration,usually computes the camera's pose relative to visual landmarks.Generally,there are three requirements in the process of image registration when using these approaches.First,the algorithm is apt to be influenced by illumination.Second,algorithm should have less computational complexity.Third,the depth information of images needs to be estimated without other sensors.This paper investigates a famous local invariant feature named speeded up robust feature(SURF),and proposes a highspeed and robust image registration and localization algorithm based on it.With supports from feature tracking and pose estimation methods,the proposed algorithm can compute camera poses under different conditions of scale,viewpoint and rotation so as to precisely localize object's position.At last,the study makes registration experiment by scale invariant feature transform(SIFT),SURF and the proposed algorithm,and designs a method to evaluate their performances.Furthermore,this study makes object retrieval test on remote sensing video.For there is big deformation on remote sensing frames,the registration algorithm absorbs the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi(KLT)3-D coplanar calibration feature tracker methods,which can localize interesting targets precisely and efficiently.The experimental results prove that the proposed method has a higher localization speed and lower localization error rate than traditional visual simultaneous localization and mapping(vSLAM)in a period of time.展开更多
1. Introduction High-speed gas-particle flows are crucial in engineering applications and natural phenomena, such as volcanic eruptions,combustion, and hypersonic flight. These flows involve complex gas-particle inter...1. Introduction High-speed gas-particle flows are crucial in engineering applications and natural phenomena, such as volcanic eruptions,combustion, and hypersonic flight. These flows involve complex gas-particle interactions, posing significant challenges for simulations and experiments. This research highlight summarizes recent advancements in gas-particle dynamics under compressible conditions, covering key findings, numerical and experimental progress, and future directions. Details can be found in the work of Capecelatro and Wagner (Gas-particle dynamics in high-speed flows. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 2024;56:379–403).展开更多
Determination of the yield strength of polymers under dynamic loading has proven to be extremely difficult.Until now,few strength data have been obtained for polymers at strain rates above 105s-1.Based on the el...Determination of the yield strength of polymers under dynamic loading has proven to be extremely difficult.Until now,few strength data have been obtained for polymers at strain rates above 105s-1.Based on the electromagnetically driven quasi-isentropic loading technique,the yield strength of polystyrene under high pressure and high strain rate is measured experimentally using a pressure comparison method.In the experiment,a polystyrene window method is used to measure the in-situ particle velocity directly,which reduces the experimental error and obtains reliable high-pressure Lagrangian sound velocity and a quasi-isentropic compression line.The yield stress of polystyrene under quasi-isentropic compression is measured continuously at pressure up to 4 GPa and a strain rate of 106s-1.Combined with strength data under quasi-static and intermediate strain rate loading,the strain rate effect of the yield of polystyrene is analyzed.It is found that the yield strength of polystyrene shows strain rate effects,but the“up-turn”phenomenon is not observed.Additionally,the yield stress of polystyrene from 10-3s-1to 106s-1strain rate can be fitted using the Eyring model,which provides a reference for the study of the physical properties of polymer materials under high strain rate loading.展开更多
We report the first demonstration of 1.3μm optical coherence tomography(OCT)at over 100 MHz A-scan rate for highly scattering biomedical imaging.To realize high-speed imaging,a 160 MHz broadband swept source centered...We report the first demonstration of 1.3μm optical coherence tomography(OCT)at over 100 MHz A-scan rate for highly scattering biomedical imaging.To realize high-speed imaging,a 160 MHz broadband swept source centered at 1.3μm is constructed by time-stretching a high-coherence supercontinuum source with smooth broadband spectral output,the highest sweeping rate ever recorded for the wavelength range to our best knowledge.Three different stretcher configurations are tested:without amplifier,with a booster semiconductor optical amplifier,and with a bismuth-doped fiber amplifier,each employing suitable single-mode fibers for pulse stretching.To enhance OCT performance,we propose a linear wavenumber space resampling method based on unwrapped phases of interference fringes and perform dispersion compensation via the fractional Fourier transform.The unamplified swept-source OCT system exhibits low noise characteristics intrinsic to the supercontinuum source and a high axial resolution of 5.31μm,though the sensitivity remains at 61.20 dB.In contrast,both amplified configurations provide output powers exceeding 130 mW,enabling higher sensitivity for cross-sectional imaging of highly scattering samples.The bismuth-doped fiber amplifier provides low-noise amplification while avoiding pronounced sidelobes,leading to 160 MHz swept-source OCT with 9.83μm axial resolution and 76.64 dB sensitivity,as well as higher imaging quality.展开更多
Addressing voltage violations and renewable energy absorption bottlenecks arising from high-penetration photovoltaic(PV)integration,this paper proposes a hierarchical optimisation architecture for a Hybrid Energy Stor...Addressing voltage violations and renewable energy absorption bottlenecks arising from high-penetration photovoltaic(PV)integration,this paper proposes a hierarchical optimisation architecture for a Hybrid Energy Storage System(HESS)based on microgrid-distribution network coordination to enhance collaborative regulation of energy storage across multiple microgrids.The methodology comprises a PV hosting capacity assessment model and an HESS operation model that accounts for power supply reliability,forming a two-layer planning framework that integrates distributed decision-making with centralized coordination.At the microgrid level,HESS capacity is determined to minimise the local comprehensive cost,while the allocation ratio between lithium-based and hydrogen-based energy storage is optimised to maximise renewable energy utilization.At the distribution network level,a global collaborative dispatch of multi-microgrid energy storage is performed to minimise total system cost and voltage deviation,thereby achieving cross-regional power balance and voltage support.Simulation verification is conducted using actual distribution network data from Zhejiang Province and a 33-node test system.The results indicate that the proposed coordinated operation strategy can effectively improve voltage quality,enhance the PV absorption rate,and increase economic benefits.展开更多
We report an overlapping sampling scheme to accelerate computational ghost imaging for imaging moving targets,based on reordering a set of Hadamard modulation matrices by means of a heuristic algorithm. The new conden...We report an overlapping sampling scheme to accelerate computational ghost imaging for imaging moving targets,based on reordering a set of Hadamard modulation matrices by means of a heuristic algorithm. The new condensed overlapped matrices are then designed to shorten and optimize encoding of the overlapped patterns, which are shown to be much superior to the random matrices. In addition, we apply deep learning to image the target, and use the signal acquired by the bucket detector and corresponding real image to train the neural network. Detailed comparisons show that our new method can improve the imaging speed by as much as an order of magnitude, and improve the image quality as well.展开更多
Fe-based metallic glass(MG)coatings draw great attentions due to their excellent mechanical properties.The recently developed extreme high-speed laser cladding(EHLC)provides a promising method for their fabrication bu...Fe-based metallic glass(MG)coatings draw great attentions due to their excellent mechanical properties.The recently developed extreme high-speed laser cladding(EHLC)provides a promising method for their fabrication but its application is challenged by pronounced cracking behavior.In this study,crack-free Fe-based MG coatings were prepared for the first time via EHLC.The effects of precipitated phases(i.e.,(Fe,Ni),(Fe,Ni)3P and Fe7C3)on cracking in the Fe-Ni-P-C MG coatings were investigated.展开更多
Due to the coexistence of compressibility,viscosity,and threedimensional effects,laminar flow is difficult to maintain for high-speed boundary layer on complex geometries.The unstable disturbance waves in the boundary...Due to the coexistence of compressibility,viscosity,and threedimensional effects,laminar flow is difficult to maintain for high-speed boundary layer on complex geometries.The unstable disturbance waves in the boundary layer are excited and rapidly increase during the receptivity process,so sufficiently large Reynolds stress causes the basic flow velocity profile to change,and the formation of turbulence is inevitable.展开更多
Fluidity is one of the critical indicators for evaluating castability and has become a major research focus over the past five years due to advancements in high pressure die casting(HPDC)technology.Aluminum alloys,whi...Fluidity is one of the critical indicators for evaluating castability and has become a major research focus over the past five years due to advancements in high pressure die casting(HPDC)technology.Aluminum alloys,which were widely used in HPDC,offer promising structural and functional properties.The variables affecting the fluidity of alloy determine the solidification mode and the behavior of liquid flow,which forms the fundamental basis for understanding and controlling the macroscopic flow length.Here,an up-to-date and comprehensive review of research on fluidity of HPDC aluminum alloys is provided.It begins by discussing the main variables affecting fluidity,such as shot phases,compositions,solidification mode,and flow regime transition.The discussion then presents a summary of the recently proposed flow choking mechanisms.Additionally,algorithms related to fluidity under HPDC are reviewed,with particular emphasis on the increasing application of machine learning techniques in recent years.Finally,remaining challenges and perspectives for future materials,processes,and applications in HPDC fluidity research are proposed.展开更多
基金supported in part by the “Pioneer”and “Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(Nos.2022C01132 and 2022C01122)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52005441)+3 种基金the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.20222024QNRC001)the State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration,China(No.MSV202316)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang,China(RF-A2023007)the Research Project of ZJUT,China(No.GYY-ZH-2023075)。
摘要High Speed on/off Valve(HSV)is an essential component in Aerospace Digital Hydraulic Systems(ADHS),which impose stringent requirements on the dynamic performance and reliability of HSV due to the extreme application environments.However,the faster dynamic leads to increased impact between the spool and valve body,causing severe vibration and wear,which creates a conflict between rapid dynamic and high reliability.To address this problem,a Pre-Excitation Soft Switching Control(PESSC)with both pre-excitation and reverse deceleration functionalities is proposed.The initial current is optimized through pre-excitation to accelerate the opening time,while the application of reverse voltage hastens the decline of electromagnetic force,thereby reducing the spool velocity.The PESSC simultaneously achieves both faster dynamic performance and smaller impact velocity.Moreover,the optimal deceleration voltage parameters are obtained through multi-objective optimization.Experimental results demonstrate that the optimized PESSC shortens the opening time from 2.22 ms to 1.65 ms,reduces the impact velocity by 58.3%,and lowers wear by 55.4%.These findings underline the huge potential of PESSC in enhancing the dynamic performance and reliability of HSVs,offering promising applications in aerospace.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52575077,52005441)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST (Grant No.2022QNRC001)+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Grant No.LQ21E050017)State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration (Grant No.MSV202316)Fundamental Research Funds of Zhejiang Provincial Universities (Grant No.RF-A2023007)“Pioneer” and “Leading Goose” R&D Program of Zhejiang Province (Grant Nos.2022C01122,2022C01132)Research Project of ZJUT (Grant No.GYY-ZH-2023075)。
摘要High-speed on/off valve(HSV) is the core control component of digital hydraulic system(DHS),its dynamic performance determines the response speed and control accuracy of DHS.Initial current and driving voltage are the key factors affecting the dynamic performance of the HSV.In this study,a pre-excitation bootstrap control(PEBC) method is proposed to optimize both the initial current and driving voltage of the HSV during its switching process.The initial coil current is generated by pre-excitation control(PEC),which greatly shortens the opening delay time(ODT).Moreover,the driving voltage is impacted to several times the source voltage by bootstrap control(BC) without increasing the source voltage,so that the opening moving time(OMT) is largely decreased.Through numerical and experimental studies,it is demonstrated that the proposed PEBC not only optimizes the dynamic performance of the HSV,but also guarantees its regular switching in under-voltage applications.Compared to the existing three-voltage control algorithm,the PEBC can effectively speed up the moving process of the HSV at different supply pressure,and reduce its ODT by 51.05%(from 1.43 ms to 0.70 ms)and OMT by 6.62%(from 1.51 ms to 1.41 ms),respectively.As a summary,the PEBC is verified as a promising and practical method to improve the dynamic performance of the HSV.
基金Supported by"Pioneer"and"Leading Goose"R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(Grant Nos.2022C01132,2022C01122)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52005441)+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LQ21E050017)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(Grant No.2022QNRC001)State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration(Grant No.MSV202316)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.RF-A2023007)Research Project of ZJUT(Grant No.GYY-ZH-2023075).
摘要A significant portion of the research on dynamic improvement of high speed on/off valve(HsV)focuses on structure and material optimization.However,they are limited to the design and manufacturing stages of HSV,which is hard to change,making the innovation of control technology the most economical choice for numerous existing HSV products.In this paper,the definition of dynamic performance of HSV is introduced,followed by a comprehensive review of drive control technology for HSV to provide a broader perspective on the current state of research.The control technology on fast dynamic performance,low power consumption,and flexible-dynamic control is analyzed.Furthermore,a thorough search and bibliometric analysis of publications in the field of HSV drive control technology are performed.The contributions and corporations of countries,institutions,authors,journals,and patents are presented.The bibliometric analysis result shows that the research on HSV drive control technology started early,and it is still a hot field with concentrated research heat.This research proposes a deep analysis of existing research,offering a more market-oriented perspective that reveals the trends of research activities in multiple dimensions,helping researchers and institutions to align their future research with market trends for greater practical value.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB2801000).
摘要A high-speed single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser(VCSEL)is one of the most important light sources for optical interconnects in data centers.Single-mode VCSEL can improve the transmission distance.In this letter,we demonstrate a single-mode 850 nm VCSEL with a bit rate of 60 Gb/s under NRZ modulation and 104 Gb/s under PAM4 modulation across a 100 m length of OM5 fiber,without the need for equalization or a filter.In addition,by using optical injection locking,the 3 dB bandwidth is enhanced to 68.5 GHz.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62303380)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2025 JJ 60072)+2 种基金the Open Research Subject of State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Game(No.ZBKF-24-01)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Pro‐gram of CPSF(No.GZB 20240989)the China Postdoc‐toral Science Foundation(No.2024 M 754304).
摘要1 Introduction Drawing inspiration from the triumph of artificial intelligence in complex board games,we propose a novel game-theoretic framework for optimizing decision-making in high-speed vehicle(HSV)pursuit‒evasion game scenarios.The interaction between HSVs and defensive systems is reframed as a high-stakes game characterized by extreme dynamics,compressed decision windows,and partial observability;this presents computational challenges that mirror the strategic depth of board games like Go.
摘要The summer of 2025 marked a new low for the US state of Califor-nia’s long-standing high-speed rail(HSR)ambitions.In a move that stunned state officials and rail advocates,the Trump administration abruptly pulled 4 billion USD in federal funding from the project,redirecting the money to other passenger rail efforts across the coun-try that would prioritize safety and efficiency—without the climate and diversity requirements that had been part of previous grant pro-grams[1].For California Governor Gavin Newsom and the California High-Speed Rail Authority(CHSRA),the loss of federal support was more than a financial setback;it was a political disaster that threat-ened to stall the nation’s most high-profile rail project[2].
摘要When To Lam,the Vietnamese Communist Party General Secretary and State President,visited China in April,high-speed rail dominated the agenda.Upon arriving in Beijing,To Lam immediately boarded a high-speed train to Xiong'an New Area.On April 17,he returned to Vietnam by rail through Pingxiang and Dong Dang station.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52005441)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2022QNRC001)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ21E050017)“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(Nos.2022C01122 and 2022C01132)Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2021M692777 and 2021T140594)State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration(No.MSV202316).
摘要High speed on/off valve(HSV)is an essential component in aerospace digital hydraulic systems(ADHS).Dynamic performance and temperature rising characteristic are two important features,which determine the performance of HSV,and affect the response speed and reliability of ADHS.Increasing the driving voltage is an effective method for improving the dynamic performance of HSV.However,continuous high voltage excitation will lead to more wasted energy,higher temperature rising and lower reliability.To solve this problem,a pre-excitation control algorithm(PECA)is proposed in this paper based on the theoretical model of the influence of electrical parameters on dynamic performance and temperature rising characteristics.In PECA,an appropriate initial coil current is generated by pre-excitation instead of increasing driving voltage,which significantly shortens the switching delay time.Then,based on real-time current online calculation and feedback mechanism,the adaptive switching of five equivalent voltages is realized.Consequently,the coil current can be rapidly kept at the expected state without consuming more energy and generating more heat.Results indicate that compared with conventional PWM control algorithm,the PECA can improve dynamic performance of HSV,shorten the total switching time by 71.5%,and increase the maximum operation frequency.Therefore,the linear area of flow characteristic is expended by 80.0%,the adjusting time of HSV-controlled system is reduced by 23%,while shortening steady error by 46.7%.Moreover,the temperature rising characteristics of HSV are better,the maximum operation temperature is reduced by 68.6%,and the time to reach the steady state temperature is shortened by 20%.From the results,it can be concluded that the PECA is not only an effective and practical control algorithm for improving the performance of HSVs and HSV-controlled systems while reducing the heat generation and decreasing the temperature rising of HSV,but also can be a potential solution in ADHS.
摘要High-speed railway holds a pivotal position in China's transportation system,closely intertwined with the production and daily lives of people.It serves as a critical carrier for fostering a new development paradigm,supporting high-quality growth,and building a modernized strong nation.Up to 2025,the high-speed railway operating mileage in China has exceeded 50000 km,ranking the first in the world and surpassing the combined total of high-speed railway operating mileage in all other countries.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52005441)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST of China (Grant No.2022-2024QNRC001)+4 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.LQ21E050017)Zhejiang Provincial“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of China (Grant Nos.2022C01122,2022C01132)State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration of China (Grant No.MSV202316)Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang of China (Grant No.RF-A2023007)Research Project of ZJUT of China (Grant No.GYY-ZH-2023075)。
摘要The high-speed on/off valve(HSV)serves as the fundamental component responsible for generating discrete fluids within digital hydraulic systems.As the switching frequency of the HSV increases,the properties of the generated discrete fluid approach those of continuous fluids.Therefore,a higher frequency response characteristic of HSV is the key to ensure the control accuracy of digital hydraulic systems.However,the current research mainly focuses on its dynamic performance,but neglect its FRC.This paper presents a theoretical analysis demonstrating that the FRC of the HSV can be enhanced by minimizing its switching time.The maximum switching frequency(MSF)is mainly determined by opening dynamic performance when HSV operates with low switching duty ratio(SDR),whereas the closing dynamic performance limits the MSF when HSV operates with high SDR.Building upon these findings,the pre-excitation control algorithm(PECA)is proposed to reduce the switching time of the HSV,and consequently enhance its FRC.Experimental results demonstrate that PECA shortens the opening delay time of HSV by 1.12 ms,the closing delay time by 2.54 ms,and the closing moving time by 0.47 ms in comparison to the existing advanced control algorithms.As a result,a larger MSF of 417 Hz and a wider controllable SDR range from 20%to 70%were achieved at a switching frequency of 250 Hz.Thus,the proposed PFCA in this paper has been verified as an effective and promising approach for enhancing the control performance of digital hydraulic systems.
基金funded by Central Government Guide Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(No.216Z1602G).
摘要The finite element software was used to simulate the hot rolling finishing process,and the distribution of force,heat and velocity in the deformation zone was analyzed.Based on the high temperature friction and wear tester,the friction process of high speed steel(HSS)roll and strip during hot rolling was simulated.The results show that the process can be divided into three stages based on the observed changes in the friction coefficient throughout the rolling process.In the initial state,owing to the instability of the rolling process,the friction coefficient rapidly attains its maximum value within a brief interval and subsequently declines rapidly.Subsequently,the friction coefficient undergoes a gradual increase due to the formation of finer oxide layer particles during the growth period.Ultimately,the friction coefficient will be maintained at a stable value between 0.34 and 0.37.At this time,the HSS roll matrix mainly contains MC,M2C and M6C carbides.Additionally,the surface oxide layer particles become larger and more densely distributed,which can inhibit the wear of HSS rolls to a certain extent.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60802043)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2010CB327900)
摘要Local invariant algorithm applied in downward-looking image registration,usually computes the camera's pose relative to visual landmarks.Generally,there are three requirements in the process of image registration when using these approaches.First,the algorithm is apt to be influenced by illumination.Second,algorithm should have less computational complexity.Third,the depth information of images needs to be estimated without other sensors.This paper investigates a famous local invariant feature named speeded up robust feature(SURF),and proposes a highspeed and robust image registration and localization algorithm based on it.With supports from feature tracking and pose estimation methods,the proposed algorithm can compute camera poses under different conditions of scale,viewpoint and rotation so as to precisely localize object's position.At last,the study makes registration experiment by scale invariant feature transform(SIFT),SURF and the proposed algorithm,and designs a method to evaluate their performances.Furthermore,this study makes object retrieval test on remote sensing video.For there is big deformation on remote sensing frames,the registration algorithm absorbs the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi(KLT)3-D coplanar calibration feature tracker methods,which can localize interesting targets precisely and efficiently.The experimental results prove that the proposed method has a higher localization speed and lower localization error rate than traditional visual simultaneous localization and mapping(vSLAM)in a period of time.
摘要1. Introduction High-speed gas-particle flows are crucial in engineering applications and natural phenomena, such as volcanic eruptions,combustion, and hypersonic flight. These flows involve complex gas-particle interactions, posing significant challenges for simulations and experiments. This research highlight summarizes recent advancements in gas-particle dynamics under compressible conditions, covering key findings, numerical and experimental progress, and future directions. Details can be found in the work of Capecelatro and Wagner (Gas-particle dynamics in high-speed flows. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 2024;56:379–403).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12272364 and 12002327)。
摘要Determination of the yield strength of polymers under dynamic loading has proven to be extremely difficult.Until now,few strength data have been obtained for polymers at strain rates above 105s-1.Based on the electromagnetically driven quasi-isentropic loading technique,the yield strength of polystyrene under high pressure and high strain rate is measured experimentally using a pressure comparison method.In the experiment,a polystyrene window method is used to measure the in-situ particle velocity directly,which reduces the experimental error and obtains reliable high-pressure Lagrangian sound velocity and a quasi-isentropic compression line.The yield stress of polystyrene under quasi-isentropic compression is measured continuously at pressure up to 4 GPa and a strain rate of 106s-1.Combined with strength data under quasi-static and intermediate strain rate loading,the strain rate effect of the yield of polystyrene is analyzed.It is found that the yield strength of polystyrene shows strain rate effects,but the“up-turn”phenomenon is not observed.Additionally,the yield stress of polystyrene from 10-3s-1to 106s-1strain rate can be fitted using the Eyring model,which provides a reference for the study of the physical properties of polymer materials under high strain rate loading.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2241225,62035002,62105274,62475004)University Grants Committee of Hong Kong SAR(PolyU15206023)The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(P0051418)。
摘要We report the first demonstration of 1.3μm optical coherence tomography(OCT)at over 100 MHz A-scan rate for highly scattering biomedical imaging.To realize high-speed imaging,a 160 MHz broadband swept source centered at 1.3μm is constructed by time-stretching a high-coherence supercontinuum source with smooth broadband spectral output,the highest sweeping rate ever recorded for the wavelength range to our best knowledge.Three different stretcher configurations are tested:without amplifier,with a booster semiconductor optical amplifier,and with a bismuth-doped fiber amplifier,each employing suitable single-mode fibers for pulse stretching.To enhance OCT performance,we propose a linear wavenumber space resampling method based on unwrapped phases of interference fringes and perform dispersion compensation via the fractional Fourier transform.The unamplified swept-source OCT system exhibits low noise characteristics intrinsic to the supercontinuum source and a high axial resolution of 5.31μm,though the sensitivity remains at 61.20 dB.In contrast,both amplified configurations provide output powers exceeding 130 mW,enabling higher sensitivity for cross-sectional imaging of highly scattering samples.The bismuth-doped fiber amplifier provides low-noise amplification while avoiding pronounced sidelobes,leading to 160 MHz swept-source OCT with 9.83μm axial resolution and 76.64 dB sensitivity,as well as higher imaging quality.
基金supported in part by State Grid Corporation of China Headquarters Technology Project(5100-202340815A-3-8-KJ).
摘要Addressing voltage violations and renewable energy absorption bottlenecks arising from high-penetration photovoltaic(PV)integration,this paper proposes a hierarchical optimisation architecture for a Hybrid Energy Storage System(HESS)based on microgrid-distribution network coordination to enhance collaborative regulation of energy storage across multiple microgrids.The methodology comprises a PV hosting capacity assessment model and an HESS operation model that accounts for power supply reliability,forming a two-layer planning framework that integrates distributed decision-making with centralized coordination.At the microgrid level,HESS capacity is determined to minimise the local comprehensive cost,while the allocation ratio between lithium-based and hydrogen-based energy storage is optimised to maximise renewable energy utilization.At the distribution network level,a global collaborative dispatch of multi-microgrid energy storage is performed to minimise total system cost and voltage deviation,thereby achieving cross-regional power balance and voltage support.Simulation verification is conducted using actual distribution network data from Zhejiang Province and a 33-node test system.The results indicate that the proposed coordinated operation strategy can effectively improve voltage quality,enhance the PV absorption rate,and increase economic benefits.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2017YFA0403301, 2017YFB0503301, and2018YFB0504302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11991073, 61975229, and Y8JC011L51)+2 种基金the Key Program of CAS (Grant No. XDB17030500)the Civil Space Project (Grant No. D040301)the Science Challenge Project (Grant No. TZ2018005)。
摘要We report an overlapping sampling scheme to accelerate computational ghost imaging for imaging moving targets,based on reordering a set of Hadamard modulation matrices by means of a heuristic algorithm. The new condensed overlapped matrices are then designed to shorten and optimize encoding of the overlapped patterns, which are shown to be much superior to the random matrices. In addition, we apply deep learning to image the target, and use the signal acquired by the bucket detector and corresponding real image to train the neural network. Detailed comparisons show that our new method can improve the imaging speed by as much as an order of magnitude, and improve the image quality as well.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U23A20621)
摘要Fe-based metallic glass(MG)coatings draw great attentions due to their excellent mechanical properties.The recently developed extreme high-speed laser cladding(EHLC)provides a promising method for their fabrication but its application is challenged by pronounced cracking behavior.In this study,crack-free Fe-based MG coatings were prepared for the first time via EHLC.The effects of precipitated phases(i.e.,(Fe,Ni),(Fe,Ni)3P and Fe7C3)on cracking in the Fe-Ni-P-C MG coatings were investigated.
摘要Due to the coexistence of compressibility,viscosity,and threedimensional effects,laminar flow is difficult to maintain for high-speed boundary layer on complex geometries.The unstable disturbance waves in the boundary layer are excited and rapidly increase during the receptivity process,so sufficiently large Reynolds stress causes the basic flow velocity profile to change,and the formation of turbulence is inevitable.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3404201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52175335)。
摘要Fluidity is one of the critical indicators for evaluating castability and has become a major research focus over the past five years due to advancements in high pressure die casting(HPDC)technology.Aluminum alloys,which were widely used in HPDC,offer promising structural and functional properties.The variables affecting the fluidity of alloy determine the solidification mode and the behavior of liquid flow,which forms the fundamental basis for understanding and controlling the macroscopic flow length.Here,an up-to-date and comprehensive review of research on fluidity of HPDC aluminum alloys is provided.It begins by discussing the main variables affecting fluidity,such as shot phases,compositions,solidification mode,and flow regime transition.The discussion then presents a summary of the recently proposed flow choking mechanisms.Additionally,algorithms related to fluidity under HPDC are reviewed,with particular emphasis on the increasing application of machine learning techniques in recent years.Finally,remaining challenges and perspectives for future materials,processes,and applications in HPDC fluidity research are proposed.