The Devonian Donghe Sandstone complex in North Uplift of the Tarim Basin comprises of a series of diachronous sandy intervals deposited from the Late Devonian to Early Mississippian. They are constrained by a Late Dev...The Devonian Donghe Sandstone complex in North Uplift of the Tarim Basin comprises of a series of diachronous sandy intervals deposited from the Late Devonian to Early Mississippian. They are constrained by a Late Devonian to Early Pennsylvanian 2 nd-order supersequence and can be subdivided into five 3 rd-order sequences, namely, S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5, from the oldest to youngest. Cores from four wells, 40 wireline logs, 410 thin sections, and porosity and permeability data from 639 spots from four wells were used to study the sediment provenance, build up the sequence-stratigraphic model of S5, and characterize the reservoirs at a feet scale. Detrital modes of sandstone from point counting indicate that Donghe Sandstone is directly sourced from recycled orogeny. The low content of feldspar and volcanic rock fragments suggests that Donghe Sandstone is recycled from sediment with a cratonic ultimate source. 1 D and 2 D chronostratigraphic correlation shows that at least 12 4 th-order highfrequency sequences(HFSs), from the oldest HFS1 to the youngest HFS12, can be recognized in S5. Each HFS is characterized by a general trend of shallowing-upward facies assemblage. Sequence boundaries were defined at where regionally correlatable deep-water facies overlaying shallow-water facies. There is a general shallowing-upward trend in the S5 3 rd-order sequence, characterized by a systematically increasing proportion of shallow-water facies(foreshore and upper shoreface), and a decreasing proportion of deep facies(offshore transition and lower shoreface). The shallowing-upward trend within both 3 rd-and 4 th-order sequences is resulted from a combined effect of eustatic sea-level change, tectonic activity, and sediment supply. The sequence-stratigraphic model of Donghe Sandstone S5 is similar to the rift-basin sequence-stratigraphic model. Sweet spots were defined as porosity 〉15% and permeability 〉100 md intervals, and their distribution and lateral continuity were investigated. HFS is one of the primary controls on the distribution of sweet spots distribution and can be used to guide hydrocarbon exploration.展开更多
Wavelet transformation is a widely used method in high-frequency sequence stratigraphic analysis.However, the application is problematic since different wavelets always return the same sequence analysis results. To ad...Wavelet transformation is a widely used method in high-frequency sequence stratigraphic analysis.However, the application is problematic since different wavelets always return the same sequence analysis results. To address this issue, we applied five commonly used wavelets to theoretical sequence models to document some application criteria. Five gradual scale-change sequence models were simplified from the glutenite succession deposition by gravity flows to form the fining-upwards cycle sequences(FUCS) and coarsening-upwards cycle sequences(CUCS). After conducting theoretical sequence model tests, the optimal wavelet(sym4) was selected and successfully used with actual data to identify the sequence boundaries. We also proposed a new method to optimize the scale of continuous wavelet transformation(CWT) for sequence boundary determination. We found that the balloon-like marks in scalograms of db4, sym4, and coif4 wavelet determine, respectively, the fourth-order sequence boundary, the thick succession sequence boundaries in FUCS, and the thick succession sequence in FUCS and CUCS. Comparing the sequence identification results shows that the asymmetric wavelets had an advantage in high-frequency sequence boundary determination and sedimentary cycle discrimination through the amplitude trend of the coefficient, in which the sym4 wavelet is the most effective. In conclusion, the asymmetry of wavelets is the first selection principle, of which asymmetric wavelets are more sensitive to sediment deposition by flood flows. The match of the wavelet between the sequence is the second selection principle, in which the correlation of time-frequency impacts the accuracy of sequence surface localization. However, the waveform of the wavelet is a visual and abstract parameter for sequence boundary detection. The appropriate wavelet for lacustrine sequence analysis is the asymmetric wavelet with a weak number of side lobes. The depositional flows, depositional process,and autogenic are three sedimentary factors that influence the sequence analysis results.展开更多
In this paper,a fast step heterodyne light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy(SH-LITES)sensor using a high-frequency quartz tuning fork(QTF)with resonant frequency of~100 kHz is reported for the first time.The theoret...In this paper,a fast step heterodyne light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy(SH-LITES)sensor using a high-frequency quartz tuning fork(QTF)with resonant frequency of~100 kHz is reported for the first time.The theoretical principle of heterodyne LITES(H-LITES)signal generation is analyzed firstly,and an acetylene(C2H2)H-LITES sensor is established to verify its performance.Experimental comparisons between the high-frequency QTF and a standard commercial QTF with resonant frequency of~32.768 kHz reveal that the high-frequency QTF exhibits a tenfold faster response time.Specifically,the H-LITES sensor with this QTF achieves a 33 ms measurement cycle,90%shorter than commercial counterparts.Furthermore,The SH-LITES technique is proposed to further shorten the scanning time to 15 ms,which achieves the shortest LITES measurement time known to date.To demonstrate its advantages in dynamic gas detection,an H2O-LITES system integrating both QTF types is constructed for real-time monitoring of H2O concentration during different respiration patterns.Comparative measurements show that the SH-LITES more accurately captures dynamic H2O concentration fluctuations during respiration,outperforming the commercial QTF-based H-LITES sensor in rapid response scenarios.展开更多
The intrinsic absorption of seismic waves in viscoelastic media attenuates high-frequency components,thereby reducing resolution in thin-layer structures.Although deconvolution is the most common approach to resolutio...The intrinsic absorption of seismic waves in viscoelastic media attenuates high-frequency components,thereby reducing resolution in thin-layer structures.Although deconvolution is the most common approach to resolution enhancement,conventional algorithms amplify both signal and noise,degrading the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).To address this,we introduce a structure-constrained method for high-frequency recovery in the frequency–space(f–x)domain.First,we exploit the statistical predictability of seismic records in the f–x domain by fitting an autoregressive–moving-average(ARMA)model,from which we derive a prediction operator and its associated prediction-error fi lter(PEF).This operator characterizes spatial coherence in seismic signals and distinguishes seismic signals from random noise.We then embed this operator as a structural constraint within a multichannel sparse-inversion framework.By enforcing spatially adaptive regularization guided by predicted structural trends,our approach suppresses noise amplifi cation during highfrequency recovery and enhances the fi delity of the reconstructed signal.Extensive tests on both synthetic and fi eld datasets demonstrate that the proposed method signifi cantly improves seismic resolution while preserving a high SNR.展开更多
Base substitution,insertion,and deletion errors due to inherent technical constraints inducing unavoidable sequencing inaccuracies,limiting access to high-quality raw data and biological knowledge.To address this,we p...Base substitution,insertion,and deletion errors due to inherent technical constraints inducing unavoidable sequencing inaccuracies,limiting access to high-quality raw data and biological knowledge.To address this,we propose a deep sequence reconstruction model based on the multi-scale attention mechanism and contrastive learning(MACL),designed to enhance DNA sequence reconstruction under highly error rate conditions.The multi-scale attention mechanism includes base scale,inter-sequence and intra-sequence scale.First,the MSA Transformer fully extracts both global and local features of the base scale from the dimensions of the rows and columns.Furthermore,for the errors between sequences and the substitution errors within sequences,MACL proposes Inter-Sequence and Intra-Sequence Multi-Head Attention Mechanisms,respectively,and handles the insertion and deletion errors through the convolution module.In order to maximize the consistency of positive sample pairs in the representation space,we introduce contrastive learning and design a negative sample construction method and data augmentation that are more suitable for substitution errors in sequencing channels.Experiments on real-world DNA storage and viral genome datasets demonstrate that MACL significantly outperforms existing methods in reconstructing the DNA sequence.In particular,when combined with RS codes,MACL can losslessly reconstruct medical images in highly biased sequence(base error rate=5%)in DNA storage.In summary,the MACL introduces a novel approach to DNA sequence reconstruction in highly error rate conditions,laying a solid foundation for practical applications in DNA storage and genomics research.展开更多
Water storage in the Three Gorges Reservoir in China has increased the regional microseismicity.Bedding-rock landslides,one of the most common slope structures in the Three Gorges Reservoir,are highly prone to sliding...Water storage in the Three Gorges Reservoir in China has increased the regional microseismicity.Bedding-rock landslides,one of the most common slope structures in the Three Gorges Reservoir,are highly prone to sliding under seismic loading.Existing research primarily focuses on the stability of bedding rock landslides under strong earthquakes,while studies on the cumulative damage and long-term stability of bedding rock landslides under high-frequency microseismicity remain immature.In this study,we considered bedding rock landslides under high-frequency microseismicity in the Three Gorges Reservoir area as the research subject and equivalent microseismicity as pre-peak cyclic loading.First,we analyzed the shear strength deterioration of rock mass structural planes under pre-peak cyclic loading conditions and found that the deformation and failure of structural planes involve contact and damage effects.The shear strength of the rock mass structural planes under pre-peak cyclic loading conditions is affected by the confining pressure,loading rate,loading amplitude,and number of loading cycles.Among these factors,the shear strength of the structural planes was the most sensitive to the number of loading cycles.As the number of cycles increased,the rock mass structural planes underwent three stages:stress adjustment(increase in shear strength),fatigue damage(gradual decrease in shear strength),and structural failure(rapid decrease in shear strength).The stability of bedding rock landslides under high-frequency microseismicity was analyzed,revealing that the stability of bedding rock landslides under high-frequency microseismicity can be divided into three stages:short-term enhancement,gradual degradation,and rapid deterioration,exhibiting characteristics of gradual and sudden changes.展开更多
As an important resource in data link,time slots should be strategically allocated to enhance transmission efficiency and resist eavesdropping,especially considering the tremendous increase in the number of nodes and ...As an important resource in data link,time slots should be strategically allocated to enhance transmission efficiency and resist eavesdropping,especially considering the tremendous increase in the number of nodes and diverse communication needs.It is crucial to design control sequences with robust randomness and conflict-freeness to properly address differentiated access control in data link.In this paper,we propose a hierarchical access control scheme based on control sequences to achieve high utilization of time slots and differentiated access control.A theoretical bound of the hierarchical control sequence set is derived to characterize the constraints on the parameters of the sequence set.Moreover,two classes of optimal hierarchical control sequence sets satisfying the theoretical bound are constructed,both of which enable the scheme to achieve maximum utilization of time slots.Compared with the fixed time slot allocation scheme,our scheme reduces the symbol error rate by up to 9%,which indicates a significant improvement in anti-interference and eavesdropping capabilities.展开更多
The Asian paddle crab,Charybdis japonica,is a commercially and ecologically important marine species.Discerning the population genetic structure and connectivity of C.japonica in a dynamic marine environment is crucia...The Asian paddle crab,Charybdis japonica,is a commercially and ecologically important marine species.Discerning the population genetic structure and connectivity of C.japonica in a dynamic marine environment is crucial for implementing sustainable management practices.This study investigated the population genetics of C.japonica in the Bohai,Yellow,and East China Seas using 104 mtDNA control-region sequences;a total of 26 haplotypes were identified.High haplotype but low nucleotide diversity were detected among five populations.The frequency of the dominant haplotype H4 declined along the Chinese coast from the southern regions(Taizhou and Zhoushan)to the northern regions(Lianyungang,Yantai,and Dalian).The relatively abundant H1 haplotype exhibited a higher localized frequency in the south than in the north.A Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree was constructed from these sequences;two distinct lineages(A and B)with remarkable differences in their geographic distribution frequencies were detected.The proportion of lineage A individuals declined along the Chinese coast from south to north,and lineage B members were mainly found in the Dalian population.AMOVA and pairwise FST values showed statistically significant genetic differences among five populations,with the Dalian population differing most from the other four.The Mantel test results indicated that coastal distance may hinder gene flow between Dalian and the other four populations.Thus,our results suggest that five C.japonica populations along the Chinese coast can be considered separate fishery management units.These findings can help guide the design of future C.japonica management practices applicable to this region of China’s coastal waters.展开更多
BACKGROUND High-frequency irreversible electroporation(H-FIRE),a second-generation tumor ablation therapy,has demonstrated efficacy and safety in treating liver cancer.However,its clinical application is hindered by t...BACKGROUND High-frequency irreversible electroporation(H-FIRE),a second-generation tumor ablation therapy,has demonstrated efficacy and safety in treating liver cancer.However,its clinical application is hindered by the risk of residual disease and metastasis resulting from incomplete ablation,while H-FIRE’s inherent capacity to induce immunogenic cell death(ICD)provides a potential direction for optimizing its efficacy.AIM To leverage H-FIRE’s ICD capacity,and investigate the efficacy and safety of H-FIRE combined with immunotherapy in the treatment of liver cancer.METHODS A murine subcutaneous hepatocellular carcinoma model was established using hepatoma 22 cells.Mice were randomized into eight groups:Control,BMS-1,R848,BMS-1+R848,H-FIRE,H-FIRE+BMS-1,H-FIRE+R848,and H-FIRE+BMS-1+R848.Treatments comprised:Intraperitoneal BMS-1 and intratumoral R848 administered every 2 days(4 total doses);H-FIRE ablation performed once when tumors reached 7-8 mm in long diameter.Efficacy was assessed by monitoring survival,primary tumor volume,primary tumor cell proliferation and damageassociated molecular patterns expression,immune microenvironment alterations in primary tumors and spleens,distant secondary tumor apoptosis,and treatment safety.RESULTS H-FIRE robustly induced ICD in primary liver tumors.Notably,the triple-combination therapy(H-FIRE+BMS-1+R848)exerted the most potent antitumor efficacy:It significantly reduced primary tumor burden relative to all other monotherapy or dual-combination groups,with a mean tumor volume of 305.3±35.0 mm3 in the triplecombination group.This therapeutic benefit was further confirmed by markedly extended overall survival,with median survival times of 17,24.5,25,28.5,28.5,33.5,37.5,and 53 days,respectively.Mechanistically,the triplecombination strategy was accompanied by enhanced tumor cell apoptosis and suppressed cell proliferation,underscoring its multi-faceted antitumor effects.In primary tumors and spleens,this combination markedly increased proportions of CD3+CD4+T cells,CD3+CD8+T cells,CD11c+CD80+CD86+dendritic cells,F4/80+CD11b+CD86+M1 macrophages,and the M1/M2 macrophage ratio.Conversely,it reduced proportions of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+regulatory T cells and F4/80+CD11b+CD206+M2 macrophages,with no significant toxicity observed.Furthermore,the triple therapy effectively promoted apoptosis and inhibited growth in distant secondary tumors.CONCLUSION The triple therapy synergistically reverses local and systemic immune tolerance,eliciting robust anti-tumor immunity.This strategy not only effectively inhibits primary and secondary tumor progression but also exhibits favorable safety,underscoring its potential as a novel combinatorial cancer treatment.展开更多
The Ordos Basin is a large superimposed hydrocarbon-bearing basin in China,and further research on the sedimentary characteristics and sedimentary evolution of the sequence framework of target layers is of great theor...The Ordos Basin is a large superimposed hydrocarbon-bearing basin in China,and further research on the sedimentary characteristics and sedimentary evolution of the sequence framework of target layers is of great theoretical and practical significance for guiding oil and gas exploration.The sedimentary facies and sedimentary evolution of the high-resolution sequence framework of the Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation in the Hangjinqi area have been systematically analyzed for the first time by drilling,logging and seismic data.The results show that four types of sequence interfaces can be identified in the Taiyuan Formation:regional unconformity surfaces,scour surfaces,lithologic-lithofacies transformation surfaces and flooding surfaces.According to the sedimentary response caused by the upward and downward movements of the base level at different levels,the Taiyuan Formation can be divided into 2 long-term cycles(LSC1-LSC2),4 mid-term cycles(MSC1-MSC4)and 7 short-term cycles(SSC1-SSC7).The long-and mid-term cycles correspond to members T1and T2and layers T1-1,T1-2,T2-1,and T2-2,respectively.Long-term cycles are dominated by C1;mid-term cycles are dominated by C1and C2,followed by A2;and short-term cycles are dominated by C1,C2,A1 and A2.Under the high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework,the Hangjinqi area underwent a transformation of fan delta and tidal flat depositional systems during the Taiyuan Formation sedimentary period.In the MSC1-MSC2stage,owing to a large-scale paleocontinent,the fan delta sedimentary body,which was limited in scale and scope,developed only in the southeastern corner and gradually transitioned basinward to tidal flat facies.In the MSC3-MSC4 stage,as the paleocontinent continuously decreased and the sedimentary range expanded,fan-delta plain sedimentation began in the study area.Several braided distributary channels with poor connectivity developed on the fan-delta plain,and between them were floodplains and peat swamps.展开更多
In this paper,we obtain the dichotomy between mean equicontinuity and mean sensitivity for a sequence of bounded linear operators from a Banach space to a normed linear space.The mean Li-Yorke chaos for sequences and ...In this paper,we obtain the dichotomy between mean equicontinuity and mean sensitivity for a sequence of bounded linear operators from a Banach space to a normed linear space.The mean Li-Yorke chaos for sequences and submultiplicative sequences of bounded linear operators are also studied.Furthermore,several criteria for mean Li-Yorke chaos are established.展开更多
The Fujian oyster(Crassostrea angulata) is an economically significant shellfish species distributed mainly along the Fujian coast, Southeast China. However, its genetic diversity and structure remain unclear. The mai...The Fujian oyster(Crassostrea angulata) is an economically significant shellfish species distributed mainly along the Fujian coast, Southeast China. However, its genetic diversity and structure remain unclear. The main distribution area of the C. angulata is located in Fujian, South China. In total, 420 C. angulata were collected from 14 natural habitats(populations) along the Fujian coast, and their genetic diversity and structure were analyzed in the mitochondrial COI and nuclear gene ITS2 sequences. Results reveal that all the 14 populations of C. angulata exhibited high levels of genetic diversity, with a total of 57(haplotype diversity: 0.811±0.016) and 124(haplotype diversity: 0.912±0.007) haplotypes revealed by COI and ITS2, respectively. Notably, significant intermediate level of genetic differentiations between the Ningde Zhujiang(ZJ) population(FS T by COI: 0.035–0.142, P<0.05;FS T by ITS2: 0.078–0.123, P<0.05) with other populations were observed for the first time, which is also supported by the results of molecular variance analysis(FC T by COI: 0.105, P<0.05;FC T by ITS2: 0.086, P<0.05) and the clustering of the ZJ population into distinct branches in the interpopulation genetic differentiation tree. Furthermore, the evolutionary tree and haplotype network analyses do not support the formation of a clear geographical genealogical structure among these 14 populations. In addition, the population dynamics analysis suggests that the C. angulata may have undergone expansion during the third ice age of the Pleistocene. These results provide a reference for the preservation and further genetic improvement of C. angulata.展开更多
Under the optimal norming constants, this paper studies the higher-order expansions of the distributions and densities of the powered order statistics of Maxwell sequence. As auxiliary results, the corresponding conve...Under the optimal norming constants, this paper studies the higher-order expansions of the distributions and densities of the powered order statistics of Maxwell sequence. As auxiliary results, the corresponding convergence rates are obtained. The results show that the convergence rates of distributions and densities of normalized power order statistics are related to power index in principle. Finally, we compared the accuracy of each approximations with its true values through numerical experiments.展开更多
Organic solar cells(OSCs)have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology owing to their intrinsic advantages of mechanical flexibility,low density,and compatibility with solution-based fabrication[1].These feature...Organic solar cells(OSCs)have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology owing to their intrinsic advantages of mechanical flexibility,low density,and compatibility with solution-based fabrication[1].These features enable applications that are difficult to realize with rigid inorganic counterparts,including wearable electronics,portable energy systems,curved or lightweight structures,and building-integrated photovoltaics.Moreover,OSCs can be manufactured using scalable coating and printing techniques at relatively low temperatures,offering the prospect of high-throughput and cost-effective production.Despite the rapid increase in laboratory efficiencies over the past decade[2−4],transferring these advances to large-area modules remains a significant challenge.展开更多
We develop and implement a Stochastic Discrete Event Simulation(SDES)algorithm to model the housing re-covery trajectory after an extreme event.The algorithm models discrete events and their underlying uncertainties i...We develop and implement a Stochastic Discrete Event Simulation(SDES)algorithm to model the housing re-covery trajectory after an extreme event.The algorithm models discrete events and their underlying uncertainties in each construction phase.Specifically,the algorithm is developed for the Government Assisted Owner Driven(GAOD)reconstruction system to simulate long-term recovery trajectory.SDES,as a flexible modeling approach,can simulate any housing recovery scenario that follows phased reconstruction.The 2015 M 7.8 Gorkha earthquake sequence in Nepal is considered the extreme event,with 796,245 buildings requiring reconstruction.We present some recovery trajectories from severely hit,crisis hit,and earthquake hit parishes,comparing them with the actual reconstruction progress.We also assess quality and improvement of reconstructed buildings using seismic fragility functions,compared to pre-earthquake constructions.Housing recovery uncertainties are dissected in relation to reconstruction pace.We conclude that the vast majority of the reconstructed buildings followed the Build Back Better(BBB)approach and missed the opportunity to pursue the Build Back Resilient(BBR)approach due to multifaceted challenges ranging from unclear policies to economic constraints.We critically assess the GAOD vs Owner Driven(OD)recovery framework and conclude that insurance-supported and technically assisted OD approach could be the most suitable model for post extreme event housing recovery.展开更多
There is a contradiction between the evolution rate of materials and the time resolution of SR-CT characterization in the in situ synchrotron radiation computed tomography(SR-CT)characterization of ultrafast evolution...There is a contradiction between the evolution rate of materials and the time resolution of SR-CT characterization in the in situ synchrotron radiation computed tomography(SR-CT)characterization of ultrafast evolution process.The sampling strategy of the ultra-sparse angle is an effective method for improving time resolution.Accurate reconstruction under sparse sampling conditions has always been a bottleneck problem.In recent years,convolutional neural networks have shown outstanding advantages in sparse-angle CT reconstruction given the development of deep learning.However,existing ideas did not consider the expression of high-frequency details in neural networks,limiting their application in accurate SR-CT characterization.A novel high-frequency information-constrained deep learning network(HFIC-Net)is proposed in response to this problem.Additional high-frequency information constraints are added to improve the accuracy of the reconstruction results.Further,a series of numerical reconstruction experiments are conducted to verify this new method,and the results indicate that the reconstruction results of HFIC-Net method effectively improve reconstruction quality.This new method uses only eight-angle projections to achieve the reconstruction effect of the filtered backprojection method(FBP)method in 360 projections.The results of the HFIC-Net method demonstrate clear boundaries and accurate detailed structures,correcting the misinformation caused by using other methods.For quantitative evaluation,the SSIM used to evaluate image structure similarity is increased from 0.1951,0.9212,and 0.9308 for FBP,FBP-Conv,and DDC-Net,respectively,to 0.9620 for HFIC-Net.Finally,the results of actual SR-CT experimental data indicate that the new method can suppress artifacts and achieve accurate reconstruction,and it is suitable for the in situ SR-CT accurate characterization of ultxafast evolution process.展开更多
Unspecific peroxygenases(UPOs)are versatile biocatalysts for selective oxyfunctionalization,yet their use in steroid core hydroxylation remains underdeveloped.Although CglUPO is the best-studied steroid-hydroxylating ...Unspecific peroxygenases(UPOs)are versatile biocatalysts for selective oxyfunctionalization,yet their use in steroid core hydroxylation remains underdeveloped.Although CglUPO is the best-studied steroid-hydroxylating UPO,its inefficiency and tendency to form unwanted epoxides limit its practicality.To overcome this,we employed ancestral sequence reconstruction(ASR)to obtain ancestral UPO N1 that exhibited 3-fold higher expression than modern counterparts CglUPO and demonstrated moderate regioselectivity(63%)for 11β-hydroxylation of estra-4,9-diene-3,17-dione(1).Guided by molecular dynamics simulations,rational mutagenesis of key substrate-binding residues generated the variant N1-F83G/L232V.This variant achieved a 36-fold increase in catalytic activity with near-complete 11β-regioselectivity(99%).Mechanistic study revealed that L232V reduces steric hindrance near the active site,while F83G eliminates a mispositioned hydrophobic anchor—challenging the paradigm that hydrophobic interactions always benefit catalysis.Substrate scope studies confimred the broad applicability of this variant,yielding different hydroxylation patterns(11β-,16α-,6β-)depending on steroids tested.Gram-scale synthesis afforded isolated yields of 40~86%for different hydroxylated steriods,which serve as pivotal intermediates for synthesizing desogestrel,estriol,and exemestane.Overall,this work advances the steroid biocatalysis toolbox,demonstrates how integraing ASR with rational engineering solves UPO limitations,and establishes UPOs as industrially viable catalysts for steroid pharmaceutical synthesis.展开更多
In recent years,Al-Ti-Nb-B grain refiners have attracted increasing attention due to their grain refinement performance and anti-Si poisoning ability.This study investigates the influence of the introduction sequence ...In recent years,Al-Ti-Nb-B grain refiners have attracted increasing attention due to their grain refinement performance and anti-Si poisoning ability.This study investigates the influence of the introduction sequence of Ti and Nb during the synthesis of Al-4Ti-1Nb-1B refiners on their refinement performance on CP-Al and a series of Al-Si alloys(Al-3.5Si,Al-7Si,and Al-10.5Si).It is found that Al-4Ti-1Nb-1B prepared by introducing Ti prior to Nb exhibits the best grain refinement and anti-Si poisoning compared to samples where Nb is introduced before Ti or where both are added simultaneously.This Ti-first approach demonstrates superior grain refinement performance across CP-Al,Al-3.5S1,Ai-7Si,and Al-10.5Si alloys,especially at higher Si contents.It refines the grain size of Al-7Si to 150.1±27.5μm from over 1,500μm for the unrefined alloy.This superior performance is attributed to the variation in ground-state energy ΔE for the Ti prior to Nb sequence is lower than that of other sequences,thereby facilitating Nb adsorption on the TiB2 surface.TEM observations corroborate these findings,showing that TiB2 prepared by this sequence has the highest average Nb content of 3.80at.%.First-principles calculations reveal that this unique Nb adsorption enhances the TiB2/Al interfacial adhesion energy Wa d and suppresses the segregation tendency of Si atoms at the interface,κSi(cSi).The higher the Nb adsorption at the TiB2/Al interface,the stronger the resistance to Si poisoning.These findings underscore the pivotal role of Nb-modified TiB2 in improving grain refinement and offer a novel strategy for advancing grain refiner technologies in Al-Si alloys.展开更多
Brow damage control in ring blasting is essential for ensuring roof stability in mining roadways.However,previous studies have largely focused on rock fragmentation at the borehole bottom,with limited attention to cra...Brow damage control in ring blasting is essential for ensuring roof stability in mining roadways.However,previous studies have largely focused on rock fragmentation at the borehole bottom,with limited attention to cracks near the collar.This study investigates brow damage mitigation through optimization of the detonation sequence.The damage mechanism was first analyzed theoretically based on stress field distribution.Numerical simulations of ring blasting under different detonation sequences were then performed using ANSYS/LS-DYNA,followed by field validation of the findings.Results indicate that the stress field end effect along the detonation direction depends on both detonation distance and the number of simultaneously initiated holes.Simultaneous initiation of multiple holes creates a splitting effect between ring holes,isolating the blasting zone from the surrounding rock and reducing damage to the reserved rock.In delayed detonation,damage induced by earlier-initiated holes guides the damage propagation of subsequent blastholes.Optimal brow damage control was achieved by initiating the central three holes first,followed by the side holes,and field tests confirmed that it significantly improves brow integrity.This study provides practical guidance for enhancing brow integrity and safety protocols in roadway ring blasting.展开更多
Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)have been shown as powerful tools for solving partial differential equations(PDEs)by embedding physical laws into the network training.Despite their remarkable results,complicate...Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)have been shown as powerful tools for solving partial differential equations(PDEs)by embedding physical laws into the network training.Despite their remarkable results,complicated problems such as irregular boundary conditions(BCs)and discontinuous or high-frequency behaviors remain persistent challenges for PINNs.For these reasons,we propose a novel two-phase framework,where a neural network is first trained to represent shape functions that can capture the irregularity of BCs in the first phase,and then these neural network-based shape functions are used to construct boundary shape functions(BSFs)that exactly satisfy both essential and natural BCs in PINNs in the second phase.This scheme is integrated into both the strong-form and energy PINN approaches,thereby improving the quality of solution prediction in the cases of irregular BCs.In addition,this study examines the benefits and limitations of these approaches in handling discontinuous and high-frequency problems.Overall,our method offers a unified and flexible solution framework that addresses key limitations of existing PINN methods with higher accuracy and stability for general PDE problems in solid mechanics.展开更多
摘要The Devonian Donghe Sandstone complex in North Uplift of the Tarim Basin comprises of a series of diachronous sandy intervals deposited from the Late Devonian to Early Mississippian. They are constrained by a Late Devonian to Early Pennsylvanian 2 nd-order supersequence and can be subdivided into five 3 rd-order sequences, namely, S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5, from the oldest to youngest. Cores from four wells, 40 wireline logs, 410 thin sections, and porosity and permeability data from 639 spots from four wells were used to study the sediment provenance, build up the sequence-stratigraphic model of S5, and characterize the reservoirs at a feet scale. Detrital modes of sandstone from point counting indicate that Donghe Sandstone is directly sourced from recycled orogeny. The low content of feldspar and volcanic rock fragments suggests that Donghe Sandstone is recycled from sediment with a cratonic ultimate source. 1 D and 2 D chronostratigraphic correlation shows that at least 12 4 th-order highfrequency sequences(HFSs), from the oldest HFS1 to the youngest HFS12, can be recognized in S5. Each HFS is characterized by a general trend of shallowing-upward facies assemblage. Sequence boundaries were defined at where regionally correlatable deep-water facies overlaying shallow-water facies. There is a general shallowing-upward trend in the S5 3 rd-order sequence, characterized by a systematically increasing proportion of shallow-water facies(foreshore and upper shoreface), and a decreasing proportion of deep facies(offshore transition and lower shoreface). The shallowing-upward trend within both 3 rd-and 4 th-order sequences is resulted from a combined effect of eustatic sea-level change, tectonic activity, and sediment supply. The sequence-stratigraphic model of Donghe Sandstone S5 is similar to the rift-basin sequence-stratigraphic model. Sweet spots were defined as porosity 〉15% and permeability 〉100 md intervals, and their distribution and lateral continuity were investigated. HFS is one of the primary controls on the distribution of sweet spots distribution and can be used to guide hydrocarbon exploration.
摘要Wavelet transformation is a widely used method in high-frequency sequence stratigraphic analysis.However, the application is problematic since different wavelets always return the same sequence analysis results. To address this issue, we applied five commonly used wavelets to theoretical sequence models to document some application criteria. Five gradual scale-change sequence models were simplified from the glutenite succession deposition by gravity flows to form the fining-upwards cycle sequences(FUCS) and coarsening-upwards cycle sequences(CUCS). After conducting theoretical sequence model tests, the optimal wavelet(sym4) was selected and successfully used with actual data to identify the sequence boundaries. We also proposed a new method to optimize the scale of continuous wavelet transformation(CWT) for sequence boundary determination. We found that the balloon-like marks in scalograms of db4, sym4, and coif4 wavelet determine, respectively, the fourth-order sequence boundary, the thick succession sequence boundaries in FUCS, and the thick succession sequence in FUCS and CUCS. Comparing the sequence identification results shows that the asymmetric wavelets had an advantage in high-frequency sequence boundary determination and sedimentary cycle discrimination through the amplitude trend of the coefficient, in which the sym4 wavelet is the most effective. In conclusion, the asymmetry of wavelets is the first selection principle, of which asymmetric wavelets are more sensitive to sediment deposition by flood flows. The match of the wavelet between the sequence is the second selection principle, in which the correlation of time-frequency impacts the accuracy of sequence surface localization. However, the waveform of the wavelet is a visual and abstract parameter for sequence boundary detection. The appropriate wavelet for lacustrine sequence analysis is the asymmetric wavelet with a weak number of side lobes. The depositional flows, depositional process,and autogenic are three sedimentary factors that influence the sequence analysis results.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62335006,62275065,624B2050,62022032,and 62405078)Open Subject of Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment(HBKL-ALTE2025001)+2 种基金Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund(Grant No.LBH-Z23144 and LBH-Z24155)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.LH2024F031)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M764172).
摘要In this paper,a fast step heterodyne light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy(SH-LITES)sensor using a high-frequency quartz tuning fork(QTF)with resonant frequency of~100 kHz is reported for the first time.The theoretical principle of heterodyne LITES(H-LITES)signal generation is analyzed firstly,and an acetylene(C2H2)H-LITES sensor is established to verify its performance.Experimental comparisons between the high-frequency QTF and a standard commercial QTF with resonant frequency of~32.768 kHz reveal that the high-frequency QTF exhibits a tenfold faster response time.Specifically,the H-LITES sensor with this QTF achieves a 33 ms measurement cycle,90%shorter than commercial counterparts.Furthermore,The SH-LITES technique is proposed to further shorten the scanning time to 15 ms,which achieves the shortest LITES measurement time known to date.To demonstrate its advantages in dynamic gas detection,an H2O-LITES system integrating both QTF types is constructed for real-time monitoring of H2O concentration during different respiration patterns.Comparative measurements show that the SH-LITES more accurately captures dynamic H2O concentration fluctuations during respiration,outperforming the commercial QTF-based H-LITES sensor in rapid response scenarios.
摘要The intrinsic absorption of seismic waves in viscoelastic media attenuates high-frequency components,thereby reducing resolution in thin-layer structures.Although deconvolution is the most common approach to resolution enhancement,conventional algorithms amplify both signal and noise,degrading the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).To address this,we introduce a structure-constrained method for high-frequency recovery in the frequency–space(f–x)domain.First,we exploit the statistical predictability of seismic records in the f–x domain by fitting an autoregressive–moving-average(ARMA)model,from which we derive a prediction operator and its associated prediction-error fi lter(PEF).This operator characterizes spatial coherence in seismic signals and distinguishes seismic signals from random noise.We then embed this operator as a structural constraint within a multichannel sparse-inversion framework.By enforcing spatially adaptive regularization guided by predicted structural trends,our approach suppresses noise amplifi cation during highfrequency recovery and enhances the fi delity of the reconstructed signal.Extensive tests on both synthetic and fi eld datasets demonstrate that the proposed method signifi cantly improves seismic resolution while preserving a high SNR.
基金supported by 111 Center(No.D23006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62572088,62272079,62502063)+9 种基金the National Foreign Expert Project of China(No.D20240244)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(Nos.2024-MS-212,2024-BS-267)Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(No.LJ222411258005)LiaoNing Revitalization Talent Program(No.XLYC2403039)the Artificial Intelligence Innovation Development Plan Project of Liaoning Province(No.2023JH26/10300025)Joint Plan of Liaoning Province Science and Technology Plan(Nos.2024JH2/102600064,2024-MSLH-009)the Dalian Outstanding Young Science and Technology Talent Support Program(No.2022RJ08)Dalian Major Projects of Basic Research(No.2023JJ11CG002)the Dalian Young Science and Technology Star Program(No.2023RQ056)the Interdisciplinary Project of Dalian University(Nos.DLUXK-2024-YB-001,DLUXK-2025-FX-003,DLUXK-2025-QNLG-003,DLUXK-2024-QN-002).
摘要Base substitution,insertion,and deletion errors due to inherent technical constraints inducing unavoidable sequencing inaccuracies,limiting access to high-quality raw data and biological knowledge.To address this,we propose a deep sequence reconstruction model based on the multi-scale attention mechanism and contrastive learning(MACL),designed to enhance DNA sequence reconstruction under highly error rate conditions.The multi-scale attention mechanism includes base scale,inter-sequence and intra-sequence scale.First,the MSA Transformer fully extracts both global and local features of the base scale from the dimensions of the rows and columns.Furthermore,for the errors between sequences and the substitution errors within sequences,MACL proposes Inter-Sequence and Intra-Sequence Multi-Head Attention Mechanisms,respectively,and handles the insertion and deletion errors through the convolution module.In order to maximize the consistency of positive sample pairs in the representation space,we introduce contrastive learning and design a negative sample construction method and data augmentation that are more suitable for substitution errors in sequencing channels.Experiments on real-world DNA storage and viral genome datasets demonstrate that MACL significantly outperforms existing methods in reconstructing the DNA sequence.In particular,when combined with RS codes,MACL can losslessly reconstruct medical images in highly biased sequence(base error rate=5%)in DNA storage.In summary,the MACL introduces a novel approach to DNA sequence reconstruction in highly error rate conditions,laying a solid foundation for practical applications in DNA storage and genomics research.
基金sponsored by the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42407221)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection(Grant No.SKLGP2024K009)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foun-dation,China(Grant No.2023AFB567).
摘要Water storage in the Three Gorges Reservoir in China has increased the regional microseismicity.Bedding-rock landslides,one of the most common slope structures in the Three Gorges Reservoir,are highly prone to sliding under seismic loading.Existing research primarily focuses on the stability of bedding rock landslides under strong earthquakes,while studies on the cumulative damage and long-term stability of bedding rock landslides under high-frequency microseismicity remain immature.In this study,we considered bedding rock landslides under high-frequency microseismicity in the Three Gorges Reservoir area as the research subject and equivalent microseismicity as pre-peak cyclic loading.First,we analyzed the shear strength deterioration of rock mass structural planes under pre-peak cyclic loading conditions and found that the deformation and failure of structural planes involve contact and damage effects.The shear strength of the rock mass structural planes under pre-peak cyclic loading conditions is affected by the confining pressure,loading rate,loading amplitude,and number of loading cycles.Among these factors,the shear strength of the structural planes was the most sensitive to the number of loading cycles.As the number of cycles increased,the rock mass structural planes underwent three stages:stress adjustment(increase in shear strength),fatigue damage(gradual decrease in shear strength),and structural failure(rapid decrease in shear strength).The stability of bedding rock landslides under high-frequency microseismicity was analyzed,revealing that the stability of bedding rock landslides under high-frequency microseismicity can be divided into three stages:short-term enhancement,gradual degradation,and rapid deterioration,exhibiting characteristics of gradual and sudden changes.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.62171387)the Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province(No.2024NSFSC0468)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M663475).
摘要As an important resource in data link,time slots should be strategically allocated to enhance transmission efficiency and resist eavesdropping,especially considering the tremendous increase in the number of nodes and diverse communication needs.It is crucial to design control sequences with robust randomness and conflict-freeness to properly address differentiated access control in data link.In this paper,we propose a hierarchical access control scheme based on control sequences to achieve high utilization of time slots and differentiated access control.A theoretical bound of the hierarchical control sequence set is derived to characterize the constraints on the parameters of the sequence set.Moreover,two classes of optimal hierarchical control sequence sets satisfying the theoretical bound are constructed,both of which enable the scheme to achieve maximum utilization of time slots.Compared with the fixed time slot allocation scheme,our scheme reduces the symbol error rate by up to 9%,which indicates a significant improvement in anti-interference and eavesdropping capabilities.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023 YFD2401901)the Fundamental Research Funds for Zhejiang Provincial Universities and Research Institutes(No.2024J004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32070513).
摘要The Asian paddle crab,Charybdis japonica,is a commercially and ecologically important marine species.Discerning the population genetic structure and connectivity of C.japonica in a dynamic marine environment is crucial for implementing sustainable management practices.This study investigated the population genetics of C.japonica in the Bohai,Yellow,and East China Seas using 104 mtDNA control-region sequences;a total of 26 haplotypes were identified.High haplotype but low nucleotide diversity were detected among five populations.The frequency of the dominant haplotype H4 declined along the Chinese coast from the southern regions(Taizhou and Zhoushan)to the northern regions(Lianyungang,Yantai,and Dalian).The relatively abundant H1 haplotype exhibited a higher localized frequency in the south than in the north.A Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree was constructed from these sequences;two distinct lineages(A and B)with remarkable differences in their geographic distribution frequencies were detected.The proportion of lineage A individuals declined along the Chinese coast from south to north,and lineage B members were mainly found in the Dalian population.AMOVA and pairwise FST values showed statistically significant genetic differences among five populations,with the Dalian population differing most from the other four.The Mantel test results indicated that coastal distance may hinder gene flow between Dalian and the other four populations.Thus,our results suggest that five C.japonica populations along the Chinese coast can be considered separate fishery management units.These findings can help guide the design of future C.japonica management practices applicable to this region of China’s coastal waters.
摘要BACKGROUND High-frequency irreversible electroporation(H-FIRE),a second-generation tumor ablation therapy,has demonstrated efficacy and safety in treating liver cancer.However,its clinical application is hindered by the risk of residual disease and metastasis resulting from incomplete ablation,while H-FIRE’s inherent capacity to induce immunogenic cell death(ICD)provides a potential direction for optimizing its efficacy.AIM To leverage H-FIRE’s ICD capacity,and investigate the efficacy and safety of H-FIRE combined with immunotherapy in the treatment of liver cancer.METHODS A murine subcutaneous hepatocellular carcinoma model was established using hepatoma 22 cells.Mice were randomized into eight groups:Control,BMS-1,R848,BMS-1+R848,H-FIRE,H-FIRE+BMS-1,H-FIRE+R848,and H-FIRE+BMS-1+R848.Treatments comprised:Intraperitoneal BMS-1 and intratumoral R848 administered every 2 days(4 total doses);H-FIRE ablation performed once when tumors reached 7-8 mm in long diameter.Efficacy was assessed by monitoring survival,primary tumor volume,primary tumor cell proliferation and damageassociated molecular patterns expression,immune microenvironment alterations in primary tumors and spleens,distant secondary tumor apoptosis,and treatment safety.RESULTS H-FIRE robustly induced ICD in primary liver tumors.Notably,the triple-combination therapy(H-FIRE+BMS-1+R848)exerted the most potent antitumor efficacy:It significantly reduced primary tumor burden relative to all other monotherapy or dual-combination groups,with a mean tumor volume of 305.3±35.0 mm3 in the triplecombination group.This therapeutic benefit was further confirmed by markedly extended overall survival,with median survival times of 17,24.5,25,28.5,28.5,33.5,37.5,and 53 days,respectively.Mechanistically,the triplecombination strategy was accompanied by enhanced tumor cell apoptosis and suppressed cell proliferation,underscoring its multi-faceted antitumor effects.In primary tumors and spleens,this combination markedly increased proportions of CD3+CD4+T cells,CD3+CD8+T cells,CD11c+CD80+CD86+dendritic cells,F4/80+CD11b+CD86+M1 macrophages,and the M1/M2 macrophage ratio.Conversely,it reduced proportions of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+regulatory T cells and F4/80+CD11b+CD206+M2 macrophages,with no significant toxicity observed.Furthermore,the triple therapy effectively promoted apoptosis and inhibited growth in distant secondary tumors.CONCLUSION The triple therapy synergistically reverses local and systemic immune tolerance,eliciting robust anti-tumor immunity.This strategy not only effectively inhibits primary and secondary tumor progression but also exhibits favorable safety,underscoring its potential as a novel combinatorial cancer treatment.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Liaoning Universities(Grant No.LJ202410166012).
摘要The Ordos Basin is a large superimposed hydrocarbon-bearing basin in China,and further research on the sedimentary characteristics and sedimentary evolution of the sequence framework of target layers is of great theoretical and practical significance for guiding oil and gas exploration.The sedimentary facies and sedimentary evolution of the high-resolution sequence framework of the Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation in the Hangjinqi area have been systematically analyzed for the first time by drilling,logging and seismic data.The results show that four types of sequence interfaces can be identified in the Taiyuan Formation:regional unconformity surfaces,scour surfaces,lithologic-lithofacies transformation surfaces and flooding surfaces.According to the sedimentary response caused by the upward and downward movements of the base level at different levels,the Taiyuan Formation can be divided into 2 long-term cycles(LSC1-LSC2),4 mid-term cycles(MSC1-MSC4)and 7 short-term cycles(SSC1-SSC7).The long-and mid-term cycles correspond to members T1and T2and layers T1-1,T1-2,T2-1,and T2-2,respectively.Long-term cycles are dominated by C1;mid-term cycles are dominated by C1and C2,followed by A2;and short-term cycles are dominated by C1,C2,A1 and A2.Under the high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework,the Hangjinqi area underwent a transformation of fan delta and tidal flat depositional systems during the Taiyuan Formation sedimentary period.In the MSC1-MSC2stage,owing to a large-scale paleocontinent,the fan delta sedimentary body,which was limited in scale and scope,developed only in the southeastern corner and gradually transitioned basinward to tidal flat facies.In the MSC3-MSC4 stage,as the paleocontinent continuously decreased and the sedimentary range expanded,fan-delta plain sedimentation began in the study area.Several braided distributary channels with poor connectivity developed on the fan-delta plain,and between them were floodplains and peat swamps.
基金suported in part by the NSF of China(12222110)supported in part by the NSF of China(12301230)+1 种基金the STU Scientific Research Initiation Grant(SRIG,NTF22020)supported by the NSF of China(12301226).
摘要In this paper,we obtain the dichotomy between mean equicontinuity and mean sensitivity for a sequence of bounded linear operators from a Banach space to a normed linear space.The mean Li-Yorke chaos for sequences and submultiplicative sequences of bounded linear operators are also studied.Furthermore,several criteria for mean Li-Yorke chaos are established.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32172979)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2021J05159)the 2023 Special Program for Promoting High-Quality Development of Marine and Fishery Industry in Fujian Province(No.PJHYF-L-2023-2)。
摘要The Fujian oyster(Crassostrea angulata) is an economically significant shellfish species distributed mainly along the Fujian coast, Southeast China. However, its genetic diversity and structure remain unclear. The main distribution area of the C. angulata is located in Fujian, South China. In total, 420 C. angulata were collected from 14 natural habitats(populations) along the Fujian coast, and their genetic diversity and structure were analyzed in the mitochondrial COI and nuclear gene ITS2 sequences. Results reveal that all the 14 populations of C. angulata exhibited high levels of genetic diversity, with a total of 57(haplotype diversity: 0.811±0.016) and 124(haplotype diversity: 0.912±0.007) haplotypes revealed by COI and ITS2, respectively. Notably, significant intermediate level of genetic differentiations between the Ningde Zhujiang(ZJ) population(FS T by COI: 0.035–0.142, P<0.05;FS T by ITS2: 0.078–0.123, P<0.05) with other populations were observed for the first time, which is also supported by the results of molecular variance analysis(FC T by COI: 0.105, P<0.05;FC T by ITS2: 0.086, P<0.05) and the clustering of the ZJ population into distinct branches in the interpopulation genetic differentiation tree. Furthermore, the evolutionary tree and haplotype network analyses do not support the formation of a clear geographical genealogical structure among these 14 populations. In addition, the population dynamics analysis suggests that the C. angulata may have undergone expansion during the third ice age of the Pleistocene. These results provide a reference for the preservation and further genetic improvement of C. angulata.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12301594)Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (Grant Nos. KJQN202400509and KJQN202300555)+5 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing of China (Grant No. CSTB2025NSCGPX1033)Chongqing Normal University Foundation Project (Grant No. 23XLB013)Fundamental Research Funds of China West Normal University (Grant No. 25kc008)the Initiative Projects for Ph.D. in China West Normal University (Grant No. 25KE025)Young Doctor Fundation Program of Gansu Province (Grant No.2026QB-083)Research Project of Tianshui Normal University (Grant No. TDJ2023-02)。
摘要Under the optimal norming constants, this paper studies the higher-order expansions of the distributions and densities of the powered order statistics of Maxwell sequence. As auxiliary results, the corresponding convergence rates are obtained. The results show that the convergence rates of distributions and densities of normalized power order statistics are related to power index in principle. Finally, we compared the accuracy of each approximations with its true values through numerical experiments.
摘要Organic solar cells(OSCs)have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology owing to their intrinsic advantages of mechanical flexibility,low density,and compatibility with solution-based fabrication[1].These features enable applications that are difficult to realize with rigid inorganic counterparts,including wearable electronics,portable energy systems,curved or lightweight structures,and building-integrated photovoltaics.Moreover,OSCs can be manufactured using scalable coating and printing techniques at relatively low temperatures,offering the prospect of high-throughput and cost-effective production.Despite the rapid increase in laboratory efficiencies over the past decade[2−4],transferring these advances to large-area modules remains a significant challenge.
摘要We develop and implement a Stochastic Discrete Event Simulation(SDES)algorithm to model the housing re-covery trajectory after an extreme event.The algorithm models discrete events and their underlying uncertainties in each construction phase.Specifically,the algorithm is developed for the Government Assisted Owner Driven(GAOD)reconstruction system to simulate long-term recovery trajectory.SDES,as a flexible modeling approach,can simulate any housing recovery scenario that follows phased reconstruction.The 2015 M 7.8 Gorkha earthquake sequence in Nepal is considered the extreme event,with 796,245 buildings requiring reconstruction.We present some recovery trajectories from severely hit,crisis hit,and earthquake hit parishes,comparing them with the actual reconstruction progress.We also assess quality and improvement of reconstructed buildings using seismic fragility functions,compared to pre-earthquake constructions.Housing recovery uncertainties are dissected in relation to reconstruction pace.We conclude that the vast majority of the reconstructed buildings followed the Build Back Better(BBB)approach and missed the opportunity to pursue the Build Back Resilient(BBR)approach due to multifaceted challenges ranging from unclear policies to economic constraints.We critically assess the GAOD vs Owner Driven(OD)recovery framework and conclude that insurance-supported and technically assisted OD approach could be the most suitable model for post extreme event housing recovery.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.12027901 and 12041202)Synchrotron Radiation Joint Fund of University of Science and Technology of China(Nos.KY2090000059 and KY2090000054)。
摘要There is a contradiction between the evolution rate of materials and the time resolution of SR-CT characterization in the in situ synchrotron radiation computed tomography(SR-CT)characterization of ultrafast evolution process.The sampling strategy of the ultra-sparse angle is an effective method for improving time resolution.Accurate reconstruction under sparse sampling conditions has always been a bottleneck problem.In recent years,convolutional neural networks have shown outstanding advantages in sparse-angle CT reconstruction given the development of deep learning.However,existing ideas did not consider the expression of high-frequency details in neural networks,limiting their application in accurate SR-CT characterization.A novel high-frequency information-constrained deep learning network(HFIC-Net)is proposed in response to this problem.Additional high-frequency information constraints are added to improve the accuracy of the reconstruction results.Further,a series of numerical reconstruction experiments are conducted to verify this new method,and the results indicate that the reconstruction results of HFIC-Net method effectively improve reconstruction quality.This new method uses only eight-angle projections to achieve the reconstruction effect of the filtered backprojection method(FBP)method in 360 projections.The results of the HFIC-Net method demonstrate clear boundaries and accurate detailed structures,correcting the misinformation caused by using other methods.For quantitative evaluation,the SSIM used to evaluate image structure similarity is increased from 0.1951,0.9212,and 0.9308 for FBP,FBP-Conv,and DDC-Net,respectively,to 0.9620 for HFIC-Net.Finally,the results of actual SR-CT experimental data indicate that the new method can suppress artifacts and achieve accurate reconstruction,and it is suitable for the in situ SR-CT accurate characterization of ultxafast evolution process.
摘要Unspecific peroxygenases(UPOs)are versatile biocatalysts for selective oxyfunctionalization,yet their use in steroid core hydroxylation remains underdeveloped.Although CglUPO is the best-studied steroid-hydroxylating UPO,its inefficiency and tendency to form unwanted epoxides limit its practicality.To overcome this,we employed ancestral sequence reconstruction(ASR)to obtain ancestral UPO N1 that exhibited 3-fold higher expression than modern counterparts CglUPO and demonstrated moderate regioselectivity(63%)for 11β-hydroxylation of estra-4,9-diene-3,17-dione(1).Guided by molecular dynamics simulations,rational mutagenesis of key substrate-binding residues generated the variant N1-F83G/L232V.This variant achieved a 36-fold increase in catalytic activity with near-complete 11β-regioselectivity(99%).Mechanistic study revealed that L232V reduces steric hindrance near the active site,while F83G eliminates a mispositioned hydrophobic anchor—challenging the paradigm that hydrophobic interactions always benefit catalysis.Substrate scope studies confimred the broad applicability of this variant,yielding different hydroxylation patterns(11β-,16α-,6β-)depending on steroids tested.Gram-scale synthesis afforded isolated yields of 40~86%for different hydroxylated steriods,which serve as pivotal intermediates for synthesizing desogestrel,estriol,and exemestane.Overall,this work advances the steroid biocatalysis toolbox,demonstrates how integraing ASR with rational engineering solves UPO limitations,and establishes UPOs as industrially viable catalysts for steroid pharmaceutical synthesis.
基金financial support by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.YWF-22-L-1284,YWF-23-Q-1097)。
摘要In recent years,Al-Ti-Nb-B grain refiners have attracted increasing attention due to their grain refinement performance and anti-Si poisoning ability.This study investigates the influence of the introduction sequence of Ti and Nb during the synthesis of Al-4Ti-1Nb-1B refiners on their refinement performance on CP-Al and a series of Al-Si alloys(Al-3.5Si,Al-7Si,and Al-10.5Si).It is found that Al-4Ti-1Nb-1B prepared by introducing Ti prior to Nb exhibits the best grain refinement and anti-Si poisoning compared to samples where Nb is introduced before Ti or where both are added simultaneously.This Ti-first approach demonstrates superior grain refinement performance across CP-Al,Al-3.5S1,Ai-7Si,and Al-10.5Si alloys,especially at higher Si contents.It refines the grain size of Al-7Si to 150.1±27.5μm from over 1,500μm for the unrefined alloy.This superior performance is attributed to the variation in ground-state energy ΔE for the Ti prior to Nb sequence is lower than that of other sequences,thereby facilitating Nb adsorption on the TiB2 surface.TEM observations corroborate these findings,showing that TiB2 prepared by this sequence has the highest average Nb content of 3.80at.%.First-principles calculations reveal that this unique Nb adsorption enhances the TiB2/Al interfacial adhesion energy Wa d and suppresses the segregation tendency of Si atoms at the interface,κSi(cSi).The higher the Nb adsorption at the TiB2/Al interface,the stronger the resistance to Si poisoning.These findings underscore the pivotal role of Nb-modified TiB2 in improving grain refinement and offer a novel strategy for advancing grain refiner technologies in Al-Si alloys.
基金the financial support from the Science Foundation of Fuzhou University(Grant No.511423)Fuzhou University Testing Fund of precious apparatus(Grant No.2025T040)+1 种基金the Guangxi Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2024AA11022)for carrying out this research workScience and Technology Project of Fujian Provincial Department of Transportation(202205)for carrying out this research work.
摘要Brow damage control in ring blasting is essential for ensuring roof stability in mining roadways.However,previous studies have largely focused on rock fragmentation at the borehole bottom,with limited attention to cracks near the collar.This study investigates brow damage mitigation through optimization of the detonation sequence.The damage mechanism was first analyzed theoretically based on stress field distribution.Numerical simulations of ring blasting under different detonation sequences were then performed using ANSYS/LS-DYNA,followed by field validation of the findings.Results indicate that the stress field end effect along the detonation direction depends on both detonation distance and the number of simultaneously initiated holes.Simultaneous initiation of multiple holes creates a splitting effect between ring holes,isolating the blasting zone from the surrounding rock and reducing damage to the reserved rock.In delayed detonation,damage induced by earlier-initiated holes guides the damage propagation of subsequent blastholes.Optimal brow damage control was achieved by initiating the central three holes first,followed by the side holes,and field tests confirmed that it significantly improves brow integrity.This study provides practical guidance for enhancing brow integrity and safety protocols in roadway ring blasting.
基金Project supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(No.RS-2024-00337001)。
摘要Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)have been shown as powerful tools for solving partial differential equations(PDEs)by embedding physical laws into the network training.Despite their remarkable results,complicated problems such as irregular boundary conditions(BCs)and discontinuous or high-frequency behaviors remain persistent challenges for PINNs.For these reasons,we propose a novel two-phase framework,where a neural network is first trained to represent shape functions that can capture the irregularity of BCs in the first phase,and then these neural network-based shape functions are used to construct boundary shape functions(BSFs)that exactly satisfy both essential and natural BCs in PINNs in the second phase.This scheme is integrated into both the strong-form and energy PINN approaches,thereby improving the quality of solution prediction in the cases of irregular BCs.In addition,this study examines the benefits and limitations of these approaches in handling discontinuous and high-frequency problems.Overall,our method offers a unified and flexible solution framework that addresses key limitations of existing PINN methods with higher accuracy and stability for general PDE problems in solid mechanics.