We demonstrate a synthetic gauge phase in Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)using room-temperature rubidium vapor.By utilizing the polarization selection rules in a ladder-type system involving grou...We demonstrate a synthetic gauge phase in Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)using room-temperature rubidium vapor.By utilizing the polarization selection rules in a ladder-type system involving ground,intermediate,and Rydberg states,multiple Zeeman sublevels form closed-loop transitions that acquire a gauge phase.展开更多
While injection-induced seismicity has been widely studied,its implications for CO2geological storage require reevaluation due to distinct fluid-rock interactions.This study develops a coupled hydromechanical model...While injection-induced seismicity has been widely studied,its implications for CO2geological storage require reevaluation due to distinct fluid-rock interactions.This study develops a coupled hydromechanical model incorporating rate-and-state friction laws to investigate fault reactivation mechanisms during early-stage CO2injection.The competing effects of pore pressure diffusion and fluid pressurization are systematically investigated,considering three key factors:permeability variations within fault damage zones,normal stress variation coefficients,and injection parameters.Numerical simulations reveal that slower CO2migration causes limited pressure perturbation(<0.3 MPa over 15 d)compared to single-phase fluid injection.Fluid pressurization enhances fault strength and delays reactivation,though this stabilizing effect diminishes in low-permeability damage zones.Highly permeable damage zones promote larger rupture areas despite strengthening from pressurization,as reduced effective stress accelerates failure.Paradoxically,while fluid pressurization increases fault strength,it simultaneously elevates seismic risk through amplified stress drops during slip events.Temporal analysis shows that fluid pressurization dominates initial fault response,while sustained pore pressure diffusion ultimately drives reactivation.Increased normal stress variation coefficients and injection rates accelerate localized rupture initiation but restrict propagation due to non-critically stressed states.This discrepancy demonstrates that regions with positive Coulomb failure stress changes do not correlate well with actual slip zones.These findings highlight the critical interplay between transient pressurization effects and progressive pressure diffusion during early CO2injection phases,providing crucial insights for seismic risk management in CO2storage projects.展开更多
Previous research has demonstrated the feasibility of repairing nerve defects through acellular allogeneic nerve grafting with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.However,adult tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells en...Previous research has demonstrated the feasibility of repairing nerve defects through acellular allogeneic nerve grafting with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.However,adult tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells encounter various obstacles,including limited tissue sources,invasive acquisition methods,cellular heterogeneity,purification challenges,cellular senescence,and diminished pluripotency and proliferation over successive passages.In this study,we used induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells,known for their self-renewal capacity,multilineage differentiation potential,and immunomodulatory characteristics.We used induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells in conjunction with acellular nerve allografts to address a 10 mm-long defect in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury.Our findings reveal that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells exhibit survival for up to 17 days in a rat model of peripheral nerve injury with acellular nerve allograft transplantation.Furthermore,the combination of acellular nerve allograft and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly accelerates the regeneration of injured axons and improves behavioral function recovery in rats.Additionally,our in vivo and in vitro experiments indicate that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells play a pivotal role in promoting neovascularization.Collectively,our results suggest the potential of acellular nerve allografts with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells to augment nerve regeneration in rats,offering promising therapeutic strategies for clinical translation.展开更多
Effective sealing of geological fractures is essential for subsurface stability and mitigating environmental risks such as groundwater contamination and inefficient CO₂sequestration.Enzymatically Induced Carbonate Pre...Effective sealing of geological fractures is essential for subsurface stability and mitigating environmental risks such as groundwater contamination and inefficient CO₂sequestration.Enzymatically Induced Carbonate Precipitation(EICP)offers a promising bio-mediated approach due to its ability to fill and seal fractures.However,real-time precipitation patterns and clogging behavior of EICP under varying fracture and flow conditions remain poorly understood.This study employs a transparent fracture model with visualization to systematically investigate the effects of fracture aperture,flow conditions,and surface roughness on EICP-mediated sealing.Results indicate that fractures with narrower apertures promote tortuous finger-like flowpaths,while wider-aperture fractures show more uniform deposition,with fewer but wider preferential flowpaths.An appropriate injection rate around 1 mL/min ensures uniform precipitation and effective clogging,avoiding inlet clogging at lower rates(0.1 mL/min)and flushing effect reducing deposition at higher rates(10 mL/min).Additionally,rough fractures exhibit higher precipitation efficiency and greater permeability reduction,driven by their irregular surface geometry,which creates more deposition sites and complex flow compared to smooth fractures.Image processing reveals that precipitation patterns in rough fractures match closely with aperture distribution,compared to more concentrated deposition in smooth fractures.These findings provide insights for optimizing EICP-mediated fracture sealing,with implications for groundwater protection and geotechnical practices.展开更多
Floquet engineering provides an emerging pathway for tailoring the electronic states of quantum materials through time-periodic drive.A critical step along this direction is achieving light-induced modifications of th...Floquet engineering provides an emerging pathway for tailoring the electronic states of quantum materials through time-periodic drive.A critical step along this direction is achieving light-induced modifications of the dynamical electronic structure,such as avoided-crossing gap at the Floquet Brillouin zone boundary,via efficient coupling of electrons with the coherent light-field.Here,we report robust Floquet-induced gap in bulk graphite that persists despite the presence of interlayer coupling and photo-excitation.Using time-and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with intense mid-infrared pumping,we directly reveal Floquet-induced gaps at resonance points both in the valence and conduction bands,accompanied by coherent Floquet sidebands.The gap and sidebands coexist with photo-excited carriers,yet their distinct timescales allow us to disentangle their origins.Our demonstration of robust Floquet-induced gaps establishes graphite as a platform for coherent manipulation of Dirac fermions and realization of light-engineered quantum phases.展开更多
This study investigates the frictional behavior of dolomite fault gouges and related minerals(MgO,magnesite)to elucidate mechanisms underlying induced seismicity in carbonate reservoirs.We conducted controlled shear e...This study investigates the frictional behavior of dolomite fault gouges and related minerals(MgO,magnesite)to elucidate mechanisms underlying induced seismicity in carbonate reservoirs.We conducted controlled shear experiments under varying stress conditions and mineral compositions,including pure dolomite,MgO,magnesite,and homogenized/layered gouges.These experiments enabled analysis of friction coefficients and rate-state parameters(a–b).Results show that MgO and dolomite gouges exhibit velocity-weakening behavior at low effective stresses(0.5 MPa),transitioning to velocity-neutral or velocity-strengthening behaviors with increasing stress.Uniform mixtures of dolomite and MgO display an unexpected friction coefficient increase(μ=0.68–0.95),attributed to MgO particle bearing force chains.In contrast,stratified configurations exhibit friction stability similar to pure dolomite.Dolomite fragmentation under shear stress promotes interparticle locking and stress homogenization,whereas MgO resists fracturing,amplifying shear resistance.Cryptocrystalline magnesite demonstrates higher friction coefficients(μ≈0.83)compared to phanerocrystalline magnesite(μ≈0.65),underscoring grain-size effects.Importantly,historical coseismic slip and MgO accumulation in fault zones reduce stability thresholds,increasing susceptibility to transient stress perturbations(e.g.,fluid injection).These findings highlight the dual control of mineralogical heterogeneity and stress conditions in modulating fault stability,providing insights for mitigating induced seismicity in dolomite-rich reservoirs.展开更多
Microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)is preferred over conventional grouting methods for reinforcing fine rock joints because of its superior fluidity and environment-friendly properties.In this work,micro...Microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)is preferred over conventional grouting methods for reinforcing fine rock joints because of its superior fluidity and environment-friendly properties.In this work,microbial reinforcement of joints was performed using a self-designed infusion device,and MICP-reinforced shear strength was measured using a self-designed 200 kN shear tester.Results indicated shear damage at the CaCO₃-CaCO₃interface,rock-CaCO₃interface,and rock-rock contact.Optimal conditions,namely,1 mol/L cementation solution concentration and 14 cementation cycles,resulted in a uniform CaCO₃distribution and the highest shear strength.Macro-and microscale analyses of the cementation effects in the reinforced joints were conducted using acoustic transmission,scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray diffraction.The sonic times ranged from 34.5μs to 46.3μs,showing a pronounced negative correlation with the shear test results.The joint aperture was primarily filled with calcite(2-5μm)and vaterite(~20μm),of which calcite constituted a relatively high proportion.Combined with the microbial reinforcement mechanism,the morphological effect promoted calcite growth in depressed areas and vaterite growth in protrusion areas,while the gravitational effect facilitated calcite growth in flat areas.The shear damage process of rock joints was governed by the evolutionary behavior of local fractures within different crystalline types.This study offers theoretical insights for enhancing the application of MICP grouting in fine rock joints.展开更多
Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation(MICP)is an eco-friendly technology for soil improvement.Although numerous experiments have been conducted to solidify sand foundations using MICP,the mechanisms by w...Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation(MICP)is an eco-friendly technology for soil improvement.Although numerous experiments have been conducted to solidify sand foundations using MICP,the mechanisms by which grain interfacial morphologies influencethe MICP process remain unclear.This study utilized 3D-printed flowcells with different boundary morphologies to investigate the effects of interfacial morphologies on the MICP process.CaCO3precipitation characteristics were investigated through microscopic observation and image quantificationanalysis.The results indicate that low flowvelocities near the interface promote bacterial accumulation due to reduced hydrodynamic shear forces.Rough interfaces,compared to smooth ones,enhance bacterial adsorption owing to the larger regions of low flowvelocity,increased surface area,and the formation of local eddies,which promote greater CaCO3precipitation.Compared to the regions away from the interface,a higher abundance of small CaCO3crystals is observed near the interface because of the high urease activity from bacteria and the reduced shear-induced entrainment due to the low flowvelocity.Besides,larger crystals also preferentially precipitate in proximity to interfaces as the low flowvelocity enhances crystal growth according to the particle attachment theory.The presence of rough interfaces further reduces flowvelocities,leading to the precipitation of larger and more densely packed CaCO3crystals.Therefore,rough interfaces promote the microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation.This work is expected to enhance the understanding of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation characteristics on solid surfaces such as soil grains and contribute to the optimization of MICP applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pyrrolizidine-alkaloid induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome(PAHSOS)is a rare and severe drug-induced liver injury with nonspecific manifestations.Its diagnosis currently relies on exclusive strat...BACKGROUND Pyrrolizidine-alkaloid induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome(PAHSOS)is a rare and severe drug-induced liver injury with nonspecific manifestations.Its diagnosis currently relies on exclusive strategies and often necessitates invasive examinations,posing significant clinical challenges.The potential role of artificial intelligence algorithms in diagnosing PA-HSOS remains to be established.AIM To develop and validate a deep-learning-based diagnostic model for PA-HSOS using computed tomography images.METHODS This multicenter case-control study compared PA-HSOS patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome and hepatitis B cirrhosis patients as controls.Patients from Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University were retrospectively assigned to training or internal test cohorts,while those from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University formed an external cohort.We constructed the diagnostic models using multiscale convolutional modules.Model performance was compared with gastroenterologists and radiologists of varying expertise levels.Additionally,diagnostic outcomes and interpretation time with and without model assistance were evaluated.RESULTS Diagnostic models with deep learning methods using computed tomography images for PA-HSOS were developed.In the internal test cohort,models with different input sizes achieved area under the curve ranging from 0.853 to 0.944.Model 96(96-mm input)demonstrated significantly higher accuracy and specificity than resident physicians(both internal medicine and radiology;P<0.05)and comparable performance to attending specialists.The area under the curve of model 96 in the external test cohort was 0.873.When assisting clinicians,model 96 significantly improved diagnostic accuracy for internal medicine residents(0.541 to 0.757)and attending gastroenterologists(0.730 to 0.892),while reducing interpretation time across all expertise levels(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION The deep learning model demonstrates promising diagnostic performance for PA-HSOS and can effectively assist clinicians in improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.展开更多
Acute eosinophilic pneumonia(AEP) is a pulmonary condition characterized by acute febrile illness and respiratory distress,with bilateral pulmonary infiltrates,particularly eosinophilic infiltration of the lungs.^([1]...Acute eosinophilic pneumonia(AEP) is a pulmonary condition characterized by acute febrile illness and respiratory distress,with bilateral pulmonary infiltrates,particularly eosinophilic infiltration of the lungs.[1]Amiodarone,a widely applied antiarrhythmic agent,has been reported as a potential cause of drug-induced AEP.[2] Most reported cases of amiodarone-induced AEP typically occur following prolonged exposure for two months or more.展开更多
Acid mine drainage(AMD)from sulfide-rich copper mine waste rocks poses severe environmental risks,yet sustainable in situ mitigation strategies remain limited.Microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)has emerg...Acid mine drainage(AMD)from sulfide-rich copper mine waste rocks poses severe environmental risks,yet sustainable in situ mitigation strategies remain limited.Microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)has emerged as a promising approach,but its efficiency and long-term stability in mine waste environments are not fully understood.In this study,a carbonate-mineralizing bacterial consortium(UPC)was applied to copper mine waste rocks,and its performance was assessed through a combination of mineralization experiments,leaching tests,scanning electron microscope and the energy dispersive spectrometer(SEM-EDS),fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR),and microbial community analysis.The influences of microbial and mineralization parameters and environmental conditions were systematically investigated.Under optimized conditions(1×108cfu/mL bacterial concentration,0.75 mol/L mineralization solution,1:1 bacterial-to-solution volume ratio,and 30 mL dosage),effluent pH remained above 7.3 and sulfate release was reduced by more than 70%.MICP remained effective under moderate acidity(pH≥5)and variable leaching rates but declined under extreme acidity(pH=3).Multi-scale analyses revealed that dense carbonate mineral precipitates formed on the surface of waste rocks,masking reactive sites and clogging pores to reduce acid production.Additionally,microbial communities shifted from Firmicutes to Actinobacteriota dominated,collectively supporting long-term stability.These findings clarify the mechanisms by which MICP suppresses AMD and provide a technical basis for scaling up to field applications.Future research should focus on enhancing microbial acid tolerance and developing cost-effective delivery strategies for large-scale mine waste management.展开更多
Heavy metal contamination,particularly lead(Pb),poses severe threats to ecosystems due to its persistence and bioaccumulation.This study investigates the remediation of Pb-contaminated soil using bio-augmented microbi...Heavy metal contamination,particularly lead(Pb),poses severe threats to ecosystems due to its persistence and bioaccumulation.This study investigates the remediation of Pb-contaminated soil using bio-augmented microbial induced carbonate precipitation(MICP).The effects of Pb concentration and soil depth on bacterial activity(viable cell counts and urease activity)were evaluated.Furthermore,the impact of different calcium sources and Pb concentrations on immobilization efficiency was assessed via unconfined compressive strength(UCS)tests.The results indicate that the bacterial tolerance threshold for Pb is 50 mmol/L,beyond which the MICP process is significantly inhibited.However,within this threshold,bio-augmented MICP effectively enhances soil strength,achieving a UCS of 0.94 MPa in soil with 50 mmol/L Pb.Microstructural and physicochemical analyses reveal that the remediation mechanism involves the precipitation of carbonate,co-precipitation,and the transformation of macropores into capillary pores.Notably,this study elucidates the distinct advantages of bio-augmentation,particularly its robust tolerance to Pb toxicity and sustained mineralization capability,in reducing the bioavailability of Pb in contaminated soil matrices.展开更多
In the original publication of the article(Liu et al.,2025),the first organization should be corrected as:“School of Marine Science,Sun Yat-Sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China”as it is sponsored by the National Natur...In the original publication of the article(Liu et al.,2025),the first organization should be corrected as:“School of Marine Science,Sun Yat-Sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China”as it is sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42276001).The second organization should be corrected as:“Ocean College,Hebei Agriculture University,Qinhuangdao 066000,China”.展开更多
Soil erosion induced by rainfall on slopes poses a significant threat to land sustainability and ecological balance.Enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation(EICP),as an emerging environmentally friendly biominer...Soil erosion induced by rainfall on slopes poses a significant threat to land sustainability and ecological balance.Enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation(EICP),as an emerging environmentally friendly biomineralization technology,can form a stable crust layer on slopes,effectively reducing rainwater infiltration and enhancing soil erosion resistance.This study designed rainfall erosion model tank tests using soybean urease and cementation solution.The treatment effects were evaluated through macro and microscopic indicators,and the hydrological response of the slope under different rainfall conditions was analysed.The results indicate the calcium carbonate content(CCC)and crust thickness of the slope gradually increase while tend to saturate with treatments.The slope gradient exhibits a controlling influence on the crust distribution,with a systematic downslope shift in the peak thickness zone as the gradient increases.At the microscopic level,with the increase of treatment cycles,the pore volume is significantly reduced,and the particle surface is extensively coated with CaCO₃precipitates.From a geomorphological perspective,untreated slopes develop rapid and deep gully networks,while treated slopes transition to smoother and more stable surfaces.Under high rainfall intensity,the erosion amount for the slope with ten cycles of treatment reduced significantly,and the maximum gully width and depth exhibit a decreasing trend with erosion amount.The surface runoff rate reaches the optimal performance after seven cycles of treatment,where a continuous uniform CaCO₃crust significantly increases the runoff rate.The relationship for erosion,runoff rate,and infiltration coefficient with more treatments reflects a coordinated trend.展开更多
The generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons overcomes limited access to human tissues and offers an unprecedented approach to modeling motor neuron diseases such as dystonia and amyotro...The generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons overcomes limited access to human tissues and offers an unprecedented approach to modeling motor neuron diseases such as dystonia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Motor neurons generated through different strategies may exhibit substantial differences in purity,maturation,characterization,and even neuronal identity,leading to variable outcomes in disease modeling and drug screening.However,very few comparative studies have been conducted to determine the similarities and differences among motor neurons prepared via different protocols.In this study,we prepared human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons via lentiviral delivery of transcription factors and chemical induction and performed a systematic comparative analysis.We found that motor neurons generated by both approaches showed typical motor neuron morphology and robustly expressed motor neuron-specific markers,such as nuclear homeobox transcription factor 9 and choline acetyltransferase.The chemical induction protocol utilizes a combination of small molecules to induce motor neuron differentiation,offering a significantly faster maturation time of 35 days compared to 46 days with lentiviral delivery of transcription factors.Additionally,while lentiviral delivery of transcription factors are suitable for downstream biochemical analysis,chemical induction are more applicable for therapeutic approaches as they avoid the use of lentiviruses.Both approaches produce motor neurons with high purity(>95%)and yield.No significant differences were found between chemical induction and lentiviral delivery of transcription factors in terms of motor neuron markers and maturation markers.These robust methodologies offer researchers powerful tools for investigating motor neuron diseases and potential therapeutic strategies.展开更多
The innate immune system of the central nervous system(CNS),long viewed as primarily microgliadriven,is now increasingly recognized to include astrocytes as active participants in neuroimmune signaling.Chronic alcohol...The innate immune system of the central nervous system(CNS),long viewed as primarily microgliadriven,is now increasingly recognized to include astrocytes as active participants in neuroimmune signaling.Chronic alcohol exposure trigge rs oxidative stress,glial activation,and sustained inflammation,ultimately contributing to cognitive decline and neuronal injury.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interaction between dispersed and elongated bubbles in horizontal slug flow utilizing the laser-induced fluorescence method. A segmentation method based on the fuzzy C-m...The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interaction between dispersed and elongated bubbles in horizontal slug flow utilizing the laser-induced fluorescence method. A segmentation method based on the fuzzy C-mean(FCM) algorithm is proposed to effectively separate elongated bubbles from the liquid phase, and an extreme value extraction method is developed to calculate the number of dispersed bubbles in front of the nose of elongated bubbles. Moreover, the velocity offsets of elongated bubbles with and without dispersed bubbles are calculated separately based on contour extraction. In addition, the effects of dispersed bubbles on the fluctuating offsets of the nose tip position and velocity of elongated bubbles are statistically investigated under different flow velocities. The experimental results show that the increase of the gas-liquid flow velocity exacerbates the radial deviation of the nose tip and the fluctuation of axial velocity.展开更多
This study examined the behaviors of activation volume and strain rate sensitivity in the transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)Al5Cr20Fe35Co35Ni5high-entropy alloy(HEA)to understand their dependence o...This study examined the behaviors of activation volume and strain rate sensitivity in the transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)Al5Cr20Fe35Co35Ni5high-entropy alloy(HEA)to understand their dependence on the plastic strain,strain rate,and grain size through strain rate jump tests.The observed trends in activation volume and strain rate sensitivity as functions of strain,grain size,and strain rate in the TRIP HEA closely resemble those observed in non-TRIP HEAs studied in previous work.This suggests that the fundamental dislocation processes governing activation volume remain largely unaffected by the phase transformation associated with the TRIP effect.However,the TRIP HEA shows a smaller activation volume than the non-TRIP HEA,especially at finer grain sizes.While the strain rate sensitivity is comparable to that of non-TRIP HEAs when calculated using total stress,it appears markedly higher when evaluated using effective stress.A quantitative model was developed to predict activation volume and strain rate sensitivity in TRIP HEAs,incorporating the effects of twinning,phase transformation,and dislocation activity within a unified dislocation strengthening framework.The proposed model successfully captures the complex experimental trends in activation volume and strain rate sensitivity over a range of strain,strain rate,and grain size conditions in the TRIP HEAs,and can be readly extended to non-TRIP HEAs.展开更多
Traum a-induced coagulopathy(TIC)occurs in approximately 25%of severely injured patients and is characterized by tissue injury,shock,and endothelial dysfunction.Laboratory diagnosis typically shows abnormalities in th...Traum a-induced coagulopathy(TIC)occurs in approximately 25%of severely injured patients and is characterized by tissue injury,shock,and endothelial dysfunction.Laboratory diagnosis typically shows abnormalities in the prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT),fibrinogen level,and platelets(PLTs).展开更多
The loss of control over movement is one of the most devastating consequences of Parkinson’s disease(PD).The loss of control largely results from the gradual but inexorable destruction of dopamine-producing neurons i...The loss of control over movement is one of the most devastating consequences of Parkinson’s disease(PD).The loss of control largely results from the gradual but inexorable destruction of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta.As dopamine levels fall,the ability to initiate,control,learn,and sustain actions declines.Treatment with the dopamine precursor levodopa can partly overcome motor impairments;however,years of use often leads to levodopa-induced dyskinesia(LID),a debilitating condition characterized by uncontrolled writhing and ballistic movements,making continued treatment difficult or impossible.While progress has been made towards unraveling the molecular and cellular processes driving the development of LID,far less is known about the changes in ongoing neuronal activity that contribute to LID expression.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program(Grant No.2021YFA1402004)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(Grant No.2408085QA017)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92465201 and 12504569)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M753081)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central UniversitiesUSTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative。
摘要We demonstrate a synthetic gauge phase in Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)using room-temperature rubidium vapor.By utilizing the polarization selection rules in a ladder-type system involving ground,intermediate,and Rydberg states,multiple Zeeman sublevels form closed-loop transitions that acquire a gauge phase.
基金funded by Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U23A20671)the Major Project of Inner Mongolia Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0034)the Creative Groups of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(Grant No.2021CFA030).
摘要While injection-induced seismicity has been widely studied,its implications for CO2geological storage require reevaluation due to distinct fluid-rock interactions.This study develops a coupled hydromechanical model incorporating rate-and-state friction laws to investigate fault reactivation mechanisms during early-stage CO2injection.The competing effects of pore pressure diffusion and fluid pressurization are systematically investigated,considering three key factors:permeability variations within fault damage zones,normal stress variation coefficients,and injection parameters.Numerical simulations reveal that slower CO2migration causes limited pressure perturbation(<0.3 MPa over 15 d)compared to single-phase fluid injection.Fluid pressurization enhances fault strength and delays reactivation,though this stabilizing effect diminishes in low-permeability damage zones.Highly permeable damage zones promote larger rupture areas despite strengthening from pressurization,as reduced effective stress accelerates failure.Paradoxically,while fluid pressurization increases fault strength,it simultaneously elevates seismic risk through amplified stress drops during slip events.Temporal analysis shows that fluid pressurization dominates initial fault response,while sustained pore pressure diffusion ultimately drives reactivation.Increased normal stress variation coefficients and injection rates accelerate localized rupture initiation but restrict propagation due to non-critically stressed states.This discrepancy demonstrates that regions with positive Coulomb failure stress changes do not correlate well with actual slip zones.These findings highlight the critical interplay between transient pressurization effects and progressive pressure diffusion during early CO2injection phases,providing crucial insights for seismic risk management in CO2storage projects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32171356(to YW)Self-Support Research Projects of Shihezi University,No.ZZZC2021105(to WJ)+1 种基金Capital Medical University Natural Science Cultivation Fund,No.PYZ23044(to FQM)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation,No.7244410(to JHD)。
摘要Previous research has demonstrated the feasibility of repairing nerve defects through acellular allogeneic nerve grafting with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.However,adult tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells encounter various obstacles,including limited tissue sources,invasive acquisition methods,cellular heterogeneity,purification challenges,cellular senescence,and diminished pluripotency and proliferation over successive passages.In this study,we used induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells,known for their self-renewal capacity,multilineage differentiation potential,and immunomodulatory characteristics.We used induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells in conjunction with acellular nerve allografts to address a 10 mm-long defect in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury.Our findings reveal that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells exhibit survival for up to 17 days in a rat model of peripheral nerve injury with acellular nerve allograft transplantation.Furthermore,the combination of acellular nerve allograft and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly accelerates the regeneration of injured axons and improves behavioral function recovery in rats.Additionally,our in vivo and in vitro experiments indicate that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells play a pivotal role in promoting neovascularization.Collectively,our results suggest the potential of acellular nerve allografts with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells to augment nerve regeneration in rats,offering promising therapeutic strategies for clinical translation.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52425806 and 52378325)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2023CDJKYJH103).
摘要Effective sealing of geological fractures is essential for subsurface stability and mitigating environmental risks such as groundwater contamination and inefficient CO₂sequestration.Enzymatically Induced Carbonate Precipitation(EICP)offers a promising bio-mediated approach due to its ability to fill and seal fractures.However,real-time precipitation patterns and clogging behavior of EICP under varying fracture and flow conditions remain poorly understood.This study employs a transparent fracture model with visualization to systematically investigate the effects of fracture aperture,flow conditions,and surface roughness on EICP-mediated sealing.Results indicate that fractures with narrower apertures promote tortuous finger-like flowpaths,while wider-aperture fractures show more uniform deposition,with fewer but wider preferential flowpaths.An appropriate injection rate around 1 mL/min ensures uniform precipitation and effective clogging,avoiding inlet clogging at lower rates(0.1 mL/min)and flushing effect reducing deposition at higher rates(10 mL/min).Additionally,rough fractures exhibit higher precipitation efficiency and greater permeability reduction,driven by their irregular surface geometry,which creates more deposition sites and complex flow compared to smooth fractures.Image processing reveals that precipitation patterns in rough fractures match closely with aperture distribution,compared to more concentrated deposition in smooth fractures.These findings provide insights for optimizing EICP-mediated fracture sealing,with implications for groundwater protection and geotechnical practices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12234011,12421004,52388201,and 12327805)the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(Grant No.20251080106)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE。
摘要Floquet engineering provides an emerging pathway for tailoring the electronic states of quantum materials through time-periodic drive.A critical step along this direction is achieving light-induced modifications of the dynamical electronic structure,such as avoided-crossing gap at the Floquet Brillouin zone boundary,via efficient coupling of electrons with the coherent light-field.Here,we report robust Floquet-induced gap in bulk graphite that persists despite the presence of interlayer coupling and photo-excitation.Using time-and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with intense mid-infrared pumping,we directly reveal Floquet-induced gaps at resonance points both in the valence and conduction bands,accompanied by coherent Floquet sidebands.The gap and sidebands coexist with photo-excited carriers,yet their distinct timescales allow us to disentangle their origins.Our demonstration of robust Floquet-induced gaps establishes graphite as a platform for coherent manipulation of Dirac fermions and realization of light-engineered quantum phases.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42320104003).
摘要This study investigates the frictional behavior of dolomite fault gouges and related minerals(MgO,magnesite)to elucidate mechanisms underlying induced seismicity in carbonate reservoirs.We conducted controlled shear experiments under varying stress conditions and mineral compositions,including pure dolomite,MgO,magnesite,and homogenized/layered gouges.These experiments enabled analysis of friction coefficients and rate-state parameters(a–b).Results show that MgO and dolomite gouges exhibit velocity-weakening behavior at low effective stresses(0.5 MPa),transitioning to velocity-neutral or velocity-strengthening behaviors with increasing stress.Uniform mixtures of dolomite and MgO display an unexpected friction coefficient increase(μ=0.68–0.95),attributed to MgO particle bearing force chains.In contrast,stratified configurations exhibit friction stability similar to pure dolomite.Dolomite fragmentation under shear stress promotes interparticle locking and stress homogenization,whereas MgO resists fracturing,amplifying shear resistance.Cryptocrystalline magnesite demonstrates higher friction coefficients(μ≈0.83)compared to phanerocrystalline magnesite(μ≈0.65),underscoring grain-size effects.Importantly,historical coseismic slip and MgO accumulation in fault zones reduce stability thresholds,increasing susceptibility to transient stress perturbations(e.g.,fluid injection).These findings highlight the dual control of mineralogical heterogeneity and stress conditions in modulating fault stability,providing insights for mitigating induced seismicity in dolomite-rich reservoirs.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42272333 and 42377154)the Key Project of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.LZ25D020001)。
摘要Microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)is preferred over conventional grouting methods for reinforcing fine rock joints because of its superior fluidity and environment-friendly properties.In this work,microbial reinforcement of joints was performed using a self-designed infusion device,and MICP-reinforced shear strength was measured using a self-designed 200 kN shear tester.Results indicated shear damage at the CaCO₃-CaCO₃interface,rock-CaCO₃interface,and rock-rock contact.Optimal conditions,namely,1 mol/L cementation solution concentration and 14 cementation cycles,resulted in a uniform CaCO₃distribution and the highest shear strength.Macro-and microscale analyses of the cementation effects in the reinforced joints were conducted using acoustic transmission,scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray diffraction.The sonic times ranged from 34.5μs to 46.3μs,showing a pronounced negative correlation with the shear test results.The joint aperture was primarily filled with calcite(2-5μm)and vaterite(~20μm),of which calcite constituted a relatively high proportion.Combined with the microbial reinforcement mechanism,the morphological effect promoted calcite growth in depressed areas and vaterite growth in protrusion areas,while the gravitational effect facilitated calcite growth in flat areas.The shear damage process of rock joints was governed by the evolutionary behavior of local fractures within different crystalline types.This study offers theoretical insights for enhancing the application of MICP grouting in fine rock joints.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3707900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42230710,42525201)Key task project for joint research and development of the Yangtze River Delta Science and Technology Innovation Community(Grant No.2022CSJGG1200).
摘要Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation(MICP)is an eco-friendly technology for soil improvement.Although numerous experiments have been conducted to solidify sand foundations using MICP,the mechanisms by which grain interfacial morphologies influencethe MICP process remain unclear.This study utilized 3D-printed flowcells with different boundary morphologies to investigate the effects of interfacial morphologies on the MICP process.CaCO3precipitation characteristics were investigated through microscopic observation and image quantificationanalysis.The results indicate that low flowvelocities near the interface promote bacterial accumulation due to reduced hydrodynamic shear forces.Rough interfaces,compared to smooth ones,enhance bacterial adsorption owing to the larger regions of low flowvelocity,increased surface area,and the formation of local eddies,which promote greater CaCO3precipitation.Compared to the regions away from the interface,a higher abundance of small CaCO3crystals is observed near the interface because of the high urease activity from bacteria and the reduced shear-induced entrainment due to the low flowvelocity.Besides,larger crystals also preferentially precipitate in proximity to interfaces as the low flowvelocity enhances crystal growth according to the particle attachment theory.The presence of rough interfaces further reduces flowvelocities,leading to the precipitation of larger and more densely packed CaCO3crystals.Therefore,rough interfaces promote the microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation.This work is expected to enhance the understanding of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation characteristics on solid surfaces such as soil grains and contribute to the optimization of MICP applications.
基金Supported by Science and Technique Commission of Shanghai Municipality,No.21Y11921800Shanghai Municipal Health Commission,No.202540163.
摘要BACKGROUND Pyrrolizidine-alkaloid induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome(PAHSOS)is a rare and severe drug-induced liver injury with nonspecific manifestations.Its diagnosis currently relies on exclusive strategies and often necessitates invasive examinations,posing significant clinical challenges.The potential role of artificial intelligence algorithms in diagnosing PA-HSOS remains to be established.AIM To develop and validate a deep-learning-based diagnostic model for PA-HSOS using computed tomography images.METHODS This multicenter case-control study compared PA-HSOS patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome and hepatitis B cirrhosis patients as controls.Patients from Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University were retrospectively assigned to training or internal test cohorts,while those from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University formed an external cohort.We constructed the diagnostic models using multiscale convolutional modules.Model performance was compared with gastroenterologists and radiologists of varying expertise levels.Additionally,diagnostic outcomes and interpretation time with and without model assistance were evaluated.RESULTS Diagnostic models with deep learning methods using computed tomography images for PA-HSOS were developed.In the internal test cohort,models with different input sizes achieved area under the curve ranging from 0.853 to 0.944.Model 96(96-mm input)demonstrated significantly higher accuracy and specificity than resident physicians(both internal medicine and radiology;P<0.05)and comparable performance to attending specialists.The area under the curve of model 96 in the external test cohort was 0.873.When assisting clinicians,model 96 significantly improved diagnostic accuracy for internal medicine residents(0.541 to 0.757)and attending gastroenterologists(0.730 to 0.892),while reducing interpretation time across all expertise levels(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION The deep learning model demonstrates promising diagnostic performance for PA-HSOS and can effectively assist clinicians in improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.
基金supported by the Anhui Provincial Health and Medical Research Project (AHWJ2023A30277)。
摘要Acute eosinophilic pneumonia(AEP) is a pulmonary condition characterized by acute febrile illness and respiratory distress,with bilateral pulmonary infiltrates,particularly eosinophilic infiltration of the lungs.[1]Amiodarone,a widely applied antiarrhythmic agent,has been reported as a potential cause of drug-induced AEP.[2] Most reported cases of amiodarone-induced AEP typically occur following prolonged exposure for two months or more.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3207303).
摘要Acid mine drainage(AMD)from sulfide-rich copper mine waste rocks poses severe environmental risks,yet sustainable in situ mitigation strategies remain limited.Microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)has emerged as a promising approach,but its efficiency and long-term stability in mine waste environments are not fully understood.In this study,a carbonate-mineralizing bacterial consortium(UPC)was applied to copper mine waste rocks,and its performance was assessed through a combination of mineralization experiments,leaching tests,scanning electron microscope and the energy dispersive spectrometer(SEM-EDS),fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR),and microbial community analysis.The influences of microbial and mineralization parameters and environmental conditions were systematically investigated.Under optimized conditions(1×108cfu/mL bacterial concentration,0.75 mol/L mineralization solution,1:1 bacterial-to-solution volume ratio,and 30 mL dosage),effluent pH remained above 7.3 and sulfate release was reduced by more than 70%.MICP remained effective under moderate acidity(pH≥5)and variable leaching rates but declined under extreme acidity(pH=3).Multi-scale analyses revealed that dense carbonate mineral precipitates formed on the surface of waste rocks,masking reactive sites and clogging pores to reduce acid production.Additionally,microbial communities shifted from Firmicutes to Actinobacteriota dominated,collectively supporting long-term stability.These findings clarify the mechanisms by which MICP suppresses AMD and provide a technical basis for scaling up to field applications.Future research should focus on enhancing microbial acid tolerance and developing cost-effective delivery strategies for large-scale mine waste management.
基金financially supported by the Key R&D Program Social Development Project of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2023800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42377166 and 42007246)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3709604).
摘要Heavy metal contamination,particularly lead(Pb),poses severe threats to ecosystems due to its persistence and bioaccumulation.This study investigates the remediation of Pb-contaminated soil using bio-augmented microbial induced carbonate precipitation(MICP).The effects of Pb concentration and soil depth on bacterial activity(viable cell counts and urease activity)were evaluated.Furthermore,the impact of different calcium sources and Pb concentrations on immobilization efficiency was assessed via unconfined compressive strength(UCS)tests.The results indicate that the bacterial tolerance threshold for Pb is 50 mmol/L,beyond which the MICP process is significantly inhibited.However,within this threshold,bio-augmented MICP effectively enhances soil strength,achieving a UCS of 0.94 MPa in soil with 50 mmol/L Pb.Microstructural and physicochemical analyses reveal that the remediation mechanism involves the precipitation of carbonate,co-precipitation,and the transformation of macropores into capillary pores.Notably,this study elucidates the distinct advantages of bio-augmentation,particularly its robust tolerance to Pb toxicity and sustained mineralization capability,in reducing the bioavailability of Pb in contaminated soil matrices.
摘要In the original publication of the article(Liu et al.,2025),the first organization should be corrected as:“School of Marine Science,Sun Yat-Sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China”as it is sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42276001).The second organization should be corrected as:“Ocean College,Hebei Agriculture University,Qinhuangdao 066000,China”.
基金funding support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3707801)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52478352)Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration of Jiangsu(Grant No.2023KY06).
摘要Soil erosion induced by rainfall on slopes poses a significant threat to land sustainability and ecological balance.Enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation(EICP),as an emerging environmentally friendly biomineralization technology,can form a stable crust layer on slopes,effectively reducing rainwater infiltration and enhancing soil erosion resistance.This study designed rainfall erosion model tank tests using soybean urease and cementation solution.The treatment effects were evaluated through macro and microscopic indicators,and the hydrological response of the slope under different rainfall conditions was analysed.The results indicate the calcium carbonate content(CCC)and crust thickness of the slope gradually increase while tend to saturate with treatments.The slope gradient exhibits a controlling influence on the crust distribution,with a systematic downslope shift in the peak thickness zone as the gradient increases.At the microscopic level,with the increase of treatment cycles,the pore volume is significantly reduced,and the particle surface is extensively coated with CaCO₃precipitates.From a geomorphological perspective,untreated slopes develop rapid and deep gully networks,while treated slopes transition to smoother and more stable surfaces.Under high rainfall intensity,the erosion amount for the slope with ten cycles of treatment reduced significantly,and the maximum gully width and depth exhibit a decreasing trend with erosion amount.The surface runoff rate reaches the optimal performance after seven cycles of treatment,where a continuous uniform CaCO₃crust significantly increases the runoff rate.The relationship for erosion,runoff rate,and infiltration coefficient with more treatments reflects a coordinated trend.
基金National Institute of Health(NIH)National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke(NINDS),Nos.NS112910,NS133252(to BD)Department of Defense(DoD)Peer Reviewed Medical Research Program(PRMRP)Discovery Award,No.W81XWH2010186(to BD).
摘要The generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons overcomes limited access to human tissues and offers an unprecedented approach to modeling motor neuron diseases such as dystonia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Motor neurons generated through different strategies may exhibit substantial differences in purity,maturation,characterization,and even neuronal identity,leading to variable outcomes in disease modeling and drug screening.However,very few comparative studies have been conducted to determine the similarities and differences among motor neurons prepared via different protocols.In this study,we prepared human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons via lentiviral delivery of transcription factors and chemical induction and performed a systematic comparative analysis.We found that motor neurons generated by both approaches showed typical motor neuron morphology and robustly expressed motor neuron-specific markers,such as nuclear homeobox transcription factor 9 and choline acetyltransferase.The chemical induction protocol utilizes a combination of small molecules to induce motor neuron differentiation,offering a significantly faster maturation time of 35 days compared to 46 days with lentiviral delivery of transcription factors.Additionally,while lentiviral delivery of transcription factors are suitable for downstream biochemical analysis,chemical induction are more applicable for therapeutic approaches as they avoid the use of lentiviruses.Both approaches produce motor neurons with high purity(>95%)and yield.No significant differences were found between chemical induction and lentiviral delivery of transcription factors in terms of motor neuron markers and maturation markers.These robust methodologies offer researchers powerful tools for investigating motor neuron diseases and potential therapeutic strategies.
基金supported by startup funding from UNMC to Dr.PPpartially by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA031444 and P50AA030407-5126,Pilot Core grant) to Dr.SS
摘要The innate immune system of the central nervous system(CNS),long viewed as primarily microgliadriven,is now increasingly recognized to include astrocytes as active participants in neuroimmune signaling.Chronic alcohol exposure trigge rs oxidative stress,glial activation,and sustained inflammation,ultimately contributing to cognitive decline and neuronal injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62071325 and 61828106)。
摘要The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interaction between dispersed and elongated bubbles in horizontal slug flow utilizing the laser-induced fluorescence method. A segmentation method based on the fuzzy C-mean(FCM) algorithm is proposed to effectively separate elongated bubbles from the liquid phase, and an extreme value extraction method is developed to calculate the number of dispersed bubbles in front of the nose of elongated bubbles. Moreover, the velocity offsets of elongated bubbles with and without dispersed bubbles are calculated separately based on contour extraction. In addition, the effects of dispersed bubbles on the fluctuating offsets of the nose tip position and velocity of elongated bubbles are statistically investigated under different flow velocities. The experimental results show that the increase of the gas-liquid flow velocity exacerbates the radial deviation of the nose tip and the fluctuation of axial velocity.
基金financially supported by the Mid-Career Researcher Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology(No.RS-2024-00350484)。
摘要This study examined the behaviors of activation volume and strain rate sensitivity in the transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)Al5Cr20Fe35Co35Ni5high-entropy alloy(HEA)to understand their dependence on the plastic strain,strain rate,and grain size through strain rate jump tests.The observed trends in activation volume and strain rate sensitivity as functions of strain,grain size,and strain rate in the TRIP HEA closely resemble those observed in non-TRIP HEAs studied in previous work.This suggests that the fundamental dislocation processes governing activation volume remain largely unaffected by the phase transformation associated with the TRIP effect.However,the TRIP HEA shows a smaller activation volume than the non-TRIP HEA,especially at finer grain sizes.While the strain rate sensitivity is comparable to that of non-TRIP HEAs when calculated using total stress,it appears markedly higher when evaluated using effective stress.A quantitative model was developed to predict activation volume and strain rate sensitivity in TRIP HEAs,incorporating the effects of twinning,phase transformation,and dislocation activity within a unified dislocation strengthening framework.The proposed model successfully captures the complex experimental trends in activation volume and strain rate sensitivity over a range of strain,strain rate,and grain size conditions in the TRIP HEAs,and can be readly extended to non-TRIP HEAs.
摘要Traum a-induced coagulopathy(TIC)occurs in approximately 25%of severely injured patients and is characterized by tissue injury,shock,and endothelial dysfunction.Laboratory diagnosis typically shows abnormalities in the prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT),fibrinogen level,and platelets(PLTs).
基金supported by Arizona Biomedical Research Commission[ADHS18-198846]the National Institute of Health NINDS[R56-NS109608 and R01-NS122805]Davies,Robert and Peyton,Parkinson’s Disease Research Fund to TF.
摘要The loss of control over movement is one of the most devastating consequences of Parkinson’s disease(PD).The loss of control largely results from the gradual but inexorable destruction of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta.As dopamine levels fall,the ability to initiate,control,learn,and sustain actions declines.Treatment with the dopamine precursor levodopa can partly overcome motor impairments;however,years of use often leads to levodopa-induced dyskinesia(LID),a debilitating condition characterized by uncontrolled writhing and ballistic movements,making continued treatment difficult or impossible.While progress has been made towards unraveling the molecular and cellular processes driving the development of LID,far less is known about the changes in ongoing neuronal activity that contribute to LID expression.