In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of...In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of this development.Inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISSEs)are the core components of sodium batteries;however,they face significant challenges such as insufficient ionic conductivity,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth,all of which severely hinder practical application.This review critically assesses experimental protocols and theoretical frameworks related to mainstream ISSEs and systematizes optimization strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges.Leveraging integrated insights from both experimental and computational studies,the review first categorizes and summarizes the primary types of ISSEs,namely oxide-,sulfide-,and halide-based electrolytes.It then details interfacial optimization strategies focused on addressing three core interfacial issues:ion transport barriers resulting from mechanical incompatibility,side reactions stemming from electrochemical mismatch,and dendrite formation.Finally,the review advocates prioritizing in-depth research that integrates experimental and theoretical approaches to establish a closed-loop methodology encompassing predictive design,multiscale investigation,mechanistic exploration,and high-throughput automated experimentation,with feedback-driven refinement.This work serves as a comprehensive reference and systematic roadmap for future research on solid-state electrolytes(SSEs).展开更多
The presence of inorganic salts poses a significant challenge to the effective removal of petrochemical wastewater during the catalytic ozonation. However, the mechanism by which inorganic salts influence the catalyti...The presence of inorganic salts poses a significant challenge to the effective removal of petrochemical wastewater during the catalytic ozonation. However, the mechanism by which inorganic salts influence the catalytic ozonation of actual wastewater remains unclear and controversial. This study investigated the effects of inorganic salts (Na2SO4 and NaCl) on the catalytic ozonation of petrochemical wastewater. The TOC removal rate decreased from 59.89% to 32.12%–35.80% as Na2SO4 concentration increased from 0 to 5–10 g/L, whereas increasing NaCl had a slight impact on the TOC removal efficiency. Similar trends were observed for the removal of UV254 and fluorescent organic substances. This is attributed to the superior ozone mass transfer enhancement and ·OH generation, as well as weaker inhibition of the adsorption process exhibited by NaCl compared to Na2SO4. Enhanced ozone mass transfer and elevated ozone concentrations promote direct oxidation by ozone molecules, reducing both the content and proportion of macro-molecule (molecular weight ? 3 kDa) matters in the effluent. Conversely, weakened adsorption impedes the mineralization of micro-molecule (molecular weight ? 3 kDa) fractions, leading to an increase in their content and proportion in the effluent. Our findings demonstrate that inorganic salts influence catalytic ozonation through a complex interplay of enhanced ozone supply, stronger direct oxidation, higher radical production, and hindered pollutant adsorption. These insights may guide future process optimization and catalyst design to improve the catalytic ozonation of saline petrochemical wastewater.展开更多
Organic-inorganic metal halides(OIMHs)have emerged as highly promising novel multifunctional optoelectronic materials,owing to their easily adjustable properties from a variety of combinations of different components....Organic-inorganic metal halides(OIMHs)have emerged as highly promising novel multifunctional optoelectronic materials,owing to their easily adjustable properties from a variety of combinations of different components.But it is still difficult and rare to realize highly tunable multicolor luminescence within the same material.In this work,we successfully incorporated three adjustable emission centers in OIMHs to synthesize a novel OIMH(NEA)2MnBr4,with each emission center capable of emitting one of the primary colors—red,green,and blue.The green and red emissions originate from the tetrahedron and octahedron structures in the Mn-based frame,while the blue can be attributed to the contribution of organic components.Additionally,to achieve comparable emission intensity among the three primary colors,we enhanced the blue emission performance by optimizing the ratio of organic structure components and incorporating chirality in the OIMHs.The resulting high-quality films can be obtained by spin-coating method with a photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 96%.More interestingly,by the dual manipulation of excitation wavelength and temperature,the sample can be emitted at least seven distinct colors including a standard white luminescence at(0.33,0.33),opening up promising prospects for multicolor luminescence applications such as high-end anti-counterfeiting technology,light-emitting diodes,X-ray imaging,latent fingerprints,humidity detection,and so on.Therefore,based on application scenarios and requirements,our research on this highly tunable luminescent OIMH material lays a solid foundation for further development of various functional properties of related materials.展开更多
Silicon-carbon composite anodes offer exceptionally high energy density,but their practical application is severely constrained by the structural instability and continuous evolution of the solid electrolyte interphas...Silicon-carbon composite anodes offer exceptionally high energy density,but their practical application is severely constrained by the structural instability and continuous evolution of the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI).In this work,moving beyond conventional LiF-enrichment strategies,we propose a directional regulation approach based on the rational construction of a dual-phase inorganic SEI to stabilize silicon-based anodes.Phosphorus-active sites are introduced on the Si/C surface to electrochemically induce the in situ formation of a Li3P-LiF composite SEI,where Li3P enables rapid Li+transport and LiF provides electronic insulation and chemical passivation.Their nanoscale integration yields a coherent interphase that effectively mitigates mechanical stress during silicon cycling.Comprehensive materials characterization combined with theoretical analysis demonstrates that the LiF-Li3P dual-phase SEI markedly enhances interfacial stability,increasing the Young's modulus to 8.9 GPa and enabling a high Li+diffusion coefficient of up to 12.88×10−12 cm2 s−1.Benefiting from this synergistic SEI design,the Si/C anode delivers excellent electrochemical performance,achieving an initial Coulombic efficiency of 86.27%and retaining 87.53%of its capacity after 400 cycles at 2.0C.Moreover,the effectiveness of the interfacial design is further verified in Si/C@P||NCM622 full cells over 150 cycles at 1.0C.These results highlight fast ion conductor-assisted dual-phase SEI engineering as an effective and scalable strategy for enabling high-performance silicon-based lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
Confronted with increasingly severe challenges of electromagnetic interference(EMI)and electromagnetic radiation pollution in industrial,military,and aerospace applications,the development of novel materials that comb...Confronted with increasingly severe challenges of electromagnetic interference(EMI)and electromagnetic radiation pollution in industrial,military,and aerospace applications,the development of novel materials that combine high shielding efficiency with excellent comprehensive performance has become a research hotspot.Inorganic highperformance fibers(IHPFs),recognized for their lightweight nature,outstanding mechanical properties,and chemical stability,are regarded as ideal candidate materials for designing lightweight,durable,and structurally functional integrated EM shielding systems.However,besides metal fibers,most IHPFs exhibit intrinsic surface chemical inertness and physical smoothness,resulting in poor interfacial compatibility and weak adhesion with functional coatings or resin matrices,which significantly undermine the long-term service reliability of composites under extreme conditions.This paper introduces the EM shielding mechanism,highlights common issues of surface inertness in IHPFs,and elaborates on both“dry”and“wet”surface modification strategies.These strategies enable the formation of robust functional layers,facilitating the integration of high strength,high modulus,and multifunctionality,while ensuring interfacial reliability in composites.Furthermore,the principles and processing techniques of various strategies for fabricating EMI shielding functional layers on IHPFs surfaces are reviewed,and recent advances in the application of functionalized IHPFs,as well as service reliability and environmental stability,are summarized,including EMI shielding protection and radar-absorbing stealth.Finally,the challenges and future research directions for the large-scale and long-term stable application of IHPF-based EMI shielding functionalization in high-end fields are discussed,offering insights that may accelerate the development of next-generation lightweight,sustainable,and multifunctional EMI shielding materials.展开更多
Chirality,a fundamental property of biological systems,is widely present at the molecular,cellular,and tissue levels.Current studies have shown that chiral inorganic nanomaterials,have good chiral optical activity as ...Chirality,a fundamental property of biological systems,is widely present at the molecular,cellular,and tissue levels.Current studies have shown that chiral inorganic nanomaterials,have good chiral optical activity as well as high enantioselectivity.When interacting with biological systems,the enantioselective behavior of chiral inorganic nanomaterials towards biomolecules can distinguish between different isomers of biomarkers,which,combined with the excellent optical activity of chiral inorganic nanomaterials,allows for the rapid and sensitive detection of biomarkers.Moreover,chiral inorganic nanomaterials exhibit stronger internalization and retention capabilities in cells,and by specifically targeting specific biomarkers can regulate cellular activity and catalyze related reactions,thereby achieving synergistic treatment of various diseases.In addition,chiral inorganic nanomaterials also have good biocompatibility and do not cause cell damage in living organisms.Moreover,chiral inorganic nanomaterials have programmable surfaces that can be tailored to suit specific biological functions.Due to the important role of chiral inorganic nanomaterials in the biomedical field,this paper summarizes and discusses the synthesis and biomedical applications of chiral inorganic nanomaterials.It further looks forward to its future development prospects to provide a reference for promoting relevant research on chiral inorganic nanomaterials in biomedical fields.展开更多
A new principle for producing fire-resistant polymer materials with increased deformation properties using a flame retardant not as a heterogeneous additive,but as a thermoplastic flame retardant in a hybrid polymer m...A new principle for producing fire-resistant polymer materials with increased deformation properties using a flame retardant not as a heterogeneous additive,but as a thermoplastic flame retardant in a hybrid polymer mixture with a polyhydrocarbon is considered.Hybrid polymer blends of low-molecular ammonium polyphosphate(APP)with an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA)with an APP content of 80 wt%with enhanced deformation properties were obtained by extrusion mixing at various temperatures in the range from 200°C to 250°C.A chemical scheme for the transformations of the components during the formation of the composite is proposed.X-ray diffraction analysis showed the formation of new crystalline structures of APP.The phase structure of the systems corresponding to the model of a dispersed-filled composite in which EVA plays the role of a matrix,determining the deformation of the mixture,and the filler is ammonium polyphosphate,was studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The method of FTIR microscopy showed chemical interactions between EVA and APP with the formation of amide groups.The conditions for obtaining compositions characterized by heat resistance of 210°C,oxygen index of 55 and ultimate elongation at drawing of 213%were established.展开更多
The protein corona formation has been reported to influence the liposomes’behavioral performance in vivo.Accordingly,the effect of physiologically relevant inorganic ion pairs(sodium chloride,sodium sulfate,magnesium...The protein corona formation has been reported to influence the liposomes’behavioral performance in vivo.Accordingly,the effect of physiologically relevant inorganic ion pairs(sodium chloride,sodium sulfate,magnesium chloride,and magnesium sulfate)was investigated.Bovine serum albumin(BSA)was selected as the model protein.Parameters including particle size and zeta potential were assessed,while various spectroscopic techniques were utilized to elucidate the changes in BSA during its interaction with liposomes.The particle size and light intensity distribution changes indicated that the introduction of inorganic pairs,especially the metal cations,could significantly influence both the adsorption of BSA and the aggregation of particles.Furthermore,spectral characterization elucidated that BSA exhibited more extended peptide chains with enhanced exposure to hydrophobic acid amino residues upon adding ion pairs.Electrostatic adsorption and chelation insertion were proposed as metal ion binding modes and the corresponding BSA corona formation.In the electrostatic adsorption mode,sodium ions can enhance the electrostatic interactions,facilitating the“connection”between BSA and liposomes.Magnesium ions can induce stronger hydrophobic interactions through chelation,effectively“drag”BSA segments into the lipid bilayer.This work highlighted important physiological factors for protein-liposome interaction and provided rational model constructions to lay the foundation for further relevant studies.展开更多
The Southern Ocean is critical for global marine primary productivity and ecosystem functioning.However,the spatiotemporal dynamics of dissolved nutrients in the Amundsen Sea remain poorly understood.We analyzed nutri...The Southern Ocean is critical for global marine primary productivity and ecosystem functioning.However,the spatiotemporal dynamics of dissolved nutrients in the Amundsen Sea remain poorly understood.We analyzed nutrient samples collected from the Amundsen Sea Polynya(ASP)and adjacent open ocean during the 38 th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition.Integrating existing datasets,we identified nutrient distribution patterns and monthly variations driven by biological and physical processes.The ASP mixed layer exhibited the lowest nitrate concentrations(mean 12.07±5.94μmol/L,minimum 1.74μmol/L),indicating potential nitrate limitation;whereas the open ocean mixed layer displayed the lowest silicate levels(45.59±12.03μmol/L).These contrasting nutrient regimes reflect distinct phytoplankton bloom characteristics:Phaeocystis antarctica dominates the ASP,while diatoms prevail in the open ocean.Unlike nitrate and silicate,surface phosphate concentrations were controlled by sea ice retreat,with upwelling of Circumpolar Deep Water or katabatic winds effectively replenishing phosphate in nearshore areas.Seasonal progression reveals dynamic nutrient depletion and replenishment cycles.As sea ice retreated and phytoplankton blooms progressed,dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)in the ASP declined sharply from 16.11±5.85μmol/L(December)to 9.46±4.55μmol/L(February),while silicate decreased from 80.26±3.96μmol/L(early-mid January)to 63.83±5.51μmol/L(February).Both nutrients were subsequently replenished by March(DIN:19.92±6.31μmol/L;silicate:78.53±9.41μmol/L).This asynchronous depletion pattern mirrors the ecological succession from P.antarctica-to diatoms-dominated growth.These findings enhance understanding of nutrient cycling in Antarctic marginal seas and establish a critical baseline for assessing biogeochemical feedback under climate warming.展开更多
Solid-state magnesium batteries(SSMBs)have gained significant attention as promising candidates for next-generation safe energy storage systems because of the abundance of magnesium(Mg)in the earth's crust,superio...Solid-state magnesium batteries(SSMBs)have gained significant attention as promising candidates for next-generation safe energy storage systems because of the abundance of magnesium(Mg)in the earth's crust,superior energy density,and inherent nonflammability.However,the development of inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISSEs),which are critical for SSMBs,is hindered by two maj or challenges:the limited diffusivity of Mg2+and inefficient interfacial charge transfer kinetics between the electrodes and electrolytes.Recent advancements in material design and interfacial engineering have addressed these challenges with remarkable progress.Therefore,this review systematically discusses the mechanisms for optimizing the performance of ISSEs,focusing on ion transport kinetics,mechanical strength,and electrochemical stability.A crystal-structure-based classification framework is employed to critically analyze three major ISSE categories,including boride,oxide,and chalcogenide electrolytes.In addition,current engineering strategies for interfacial optimization in magnesium batteries are summarized.Finally,this review also highlights current challenges and possible directions for improving interfacial contacts in future practical applications.This comprehensive analysis aims to provide theoretical guidance for the development of high-energy-density SSMBs.展开更多
Anode materials significantly affect Cl-species evolution in electrochemical advanced oxidation process(EAOP)for wastewater treatment.This study investigated the formation of inorganic chlorinated byproducts and the o...Anode materials significantly affect Cl-species evolution in electrochemical advanced oxidation process(EAOP)for wastewater treatment.This study investigated the formation of inorganic chlorinated byproducts and the oxidation mechanisms using four anode materials:Ir-Ta@Ti and Ru-Ir-Sn@Ti as active anodes,and PbO2and boron-doped diamond(BDD)as non-active anodes.The results showed that active chlorine was the dominant byproduct in the Ir-Ta@Ti and Ru-Ir-Sn@Ti systems,whereas ClO3−and ClO4−were predominantly formed in the PbO2and BDD systems,respectively.These byproducts accounted for approximately 92%,98%,67%,and 89%of the initial Cl−concentration of 607 mg/L at 120 min with a current density of 40 mA/cm2.Kinetic rate constants for each chlorinated byproduct were provided.The quenching test demonstrated direct electron transfer was the primary oxidation pathway in the Ir-Ta@Ti and Ru-Ir-Sn@Ti systems,responsible for producing ClO−as the primary chlorinated byproduct from Cl−.In contrast,the PbO2system facilitated ClO3−formation primarily through a multi-electron transfer from Cl−to ClO2−,followed by further oxidation to ClO3−.In the BDD system,indirect oxidation played a dominant role in generating ClO4−.Notably,despite substantial•OH concentration being detected in PbO2system,ClO4−was barely formed,likely due to no ClO3−absorbed on the surface to produce ClO3•.The preferred chlorinated byproducts and the corresponding oxidation mechanism for each anode are summarized.It suggests selecting appropriate anodes based on their oxidizing capacity and chlorinated byproduct.This study provides insight into controlling the production of undesirable chlorinated byproducts in EAOP.展开更多
As an essential component of terrestrial carbon sinks,lake sediments store vast quantities of both organic carbon(OC)and inorganic carbon(IC).However,the spatiotemporal relationship between the OC and IC in sediments ...As an essential component of terrestrial carbon sinks,lake sediments store vast quantities of both organic carbon(OC)and inorganic carbon(IC).However,the spatiotemporal relationship between the OC and IC in sediments and their responses to climate change remains unclear,which hinders the comprehensive understanding of carbon dynamics in lake ecosystems.This study systematically analyzes the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon burial across the Tibetan Plateau using surface sediments from 119 lakes and sediment cores from four representative lakes.Results show that OC burial dominates in humid and dry sub-humid zones,whereas IC burial prevails in arid and semi-arid regions.This distribution reflects the influences of lake and catchment productivity and water chemistry on OC and IC patterns.Sediment cores confirm that these factors have consistently affected lake carbon burial over the past century.Specifically,in humid and dry sub-humid zones,increased precipitation enhances watershed productivity and sedimentation,promoting coupled OC and IC burial.In arid and semi-arid regions,wind-driven dust supplies nutrients and alters water chemistry,also driving coupled OC and IC burial.Based on these findings,the carbon sink capacity of lake sediments on the Tibetan Plateau is projected to increase under the“warming and wetting”trend.展开更多
Inorganic perovskite solar cells(IPSCs),due to their suitable bandgap and superior thermal stability,are ideal candidates for tandem solar cells combined with silicon.However,the development of inorganic perovskite so...Inorganic perovskite solar cells(IPSCs),due to their suitable bandgap and superior thermal stability,are ideal candidates for tandem solar cells combined with silicon.However,the development of inorganic perovskite solar cells has been hindered by suboptimal crystallization dynamics that generate detrimental defects in the perovskite lattice.Here,we propose 4-Methoxyphenylphosphonic Acid(4MPA)as a multifunctional additive to address this challenge.P=O in 4MPA establish strong coordination with undercoordinated Pb2+,while-OH engage in O...H-O hydrogen bonding interactions with DMSO,effectively weakening the solvent-[PbX6]4-octahedron interaction.This dual functionality facilitates complete and rapid DMA+-to-Cs+cation exchange while regulating crystallization kinetics,thereby optimizing crystal growth.Furthermore,π-π interactions between benzene rings significantly enhance the moisture resistance of the perovskite layer.The optimized device demonstrates a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 21.35%,with unencapsulated devices retaining 93,63%of their initial efficiency after 200-hour continuous operation under ambient conditions(35%relative humidity).展开更多
Inorganic perovskite solar cells(IPSCs)offer superior thermal stability and reduced toxicity compared with hybrid perovskites,yet their practical deployment is still restricted by phase instability,interfacial degrada...Inorganic perovskite solar cells(IPSCs)offer superior thermal stability and reduced toxicity compared with hybrid perovskites,yet their practical deployment is still restricted by phase instability,interfacial degradation,and limited power conversion efficiency(PCE)under operational conditions.This review systematically outlines and connects strategies for advancing cesium lead halide(CsPbX3)systems,emphasizing three complementary directions to build a coherent narrative accessible to both experts and new readers.First,compositional tuning through halide alloying,cation substitution,and controlled doping has been shown to stabilize the black perovskite phase and suppress defect formation.Second,interfacial engineering,including surface passivation,additive-assisted nucleation,and protective layers,has emerged as a key approach to reduce non-radiative recombination and improve environmental resilience.Third,scalable fabrication routes such as solution processing,vapor deposition,and nanostructured templating are assessed for their impact on crystallinity,film uniformity,and large-area device integration.Looking ahead,future research must prioritize lead-free alternatives,low-temperature processing compatible with flexible substrates,and predictive modeling for interface optimization.By consolidating cross-disciplinary insights,this review provides a coherent roadmap to accelerate the translation of IPSCs from laboratory studies to practical,sustainable photovoltaic technologies.展开更多
Cesium lead iodide(CsPbI3)is widely employed as the absorber material for perovskite solar cells(PSC)with its excellent photothermal stability.Here,an electron transport layer(ETL)-free CsPbI3 PSC was modeled using th...Cesium lead iodide(CsPbI3)is widely employed as the absorber material for perovskite solar cells(PSC)with its excellent photothermal stability.Here,an electron transport layer(ETL)-free CsPbI3 PSC was modeled using the solar cell capacitance simulator(SCAPS)program.The simulation involves a series of parameters optimization,including the thickness,doping concentration,defect density and permittivity of the fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO)electrode,the hole transport layer(HTL),and the perovskite(PVK)layer.Additionally,the defect density at the FTO/PVK interface and the PVK/HTL interface were considered.The study revealed that the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the device is significantly affected by variations in the parameters of the PVK layer,especially the thickness and defect density.Moreover,the defect density at the contact interfaces also notably influences the device efficiency.After systematic computational optimization,the best device exhibited an open-circuit voltage(VOC)of 1.16 V,a short-circuit current(JSC)of 21.52 mA/cm2,a fill factor(FF)of 87.83%,and a PCE of 21.9%,which is close to the full-structured device reported in experiment,demonstrating the potential of all inorganic PSCs with simplified structures.展开更多
Inorganic perovskites,a class of materials with the general formula ABX3,exhibit a wide range of electronic,dielectric,and structural properties,making them pivotal in energy,electronics,and catalysis applications.Acc...Inorganic perovskites,a class of materials with the general formula ABX3,exhibit a wide range of electronic,dielectric,and structural properties,making them pivotal in energy,electronics,and catalysis applications.Accurate atomistic simulations of these materials require accurate interatomic potentials that capture both short-range and long-range interactions.While first-principles methods are of high accuracy,empirical and machine learning potentials remain essential for large-scale simulations.This survey categorizes and reviews the atomic potentials used in inorganic perovskite modeling based on how they treat electrostatic interactions:potentials without charges,potentials with constant charges,and potentials with variable charges.Given the ionic nature of perovskites,we emphasize the importance of charge treatment,and each class of potentials is discussed in detail with representative examples,functional forms,and application scenarios.For comparison,we perform molecular dynamics simulations to calculate the critical temperature for the phase transition of the perovskite CsPbI3 with available empirical potentials,highlighting their strengths and limitations in capturing structural evolution.Finally,we outline future directions for developing more accurate and transferable atomic potentials for inorganic perovskites.We hope that this review can serve as a guiding resource for researchers who are starting to perform simulations for inorganic perovskites.展开更多
Aging is considered the main risk factor for the development of several diseases,including the leading neurodegenerative disorders.While the cellular features of aging are complex and multifaceted,neuronal senescence ...Aging is considered the main risk factor for the development of several diseases,including the leading neurodegenerative disorders.While the cellular features of aging are complex and multifaceted,neuronal senescence has emerged as a major contributor and driver of this process in the mammalian cell.Cellular senescence is a programmed response to stress and irreparable damage,which drives the cell into an apoptosis-resistant,non-proliferative state.Senescent cells can also deleteriously affect neighboring,non-senescent cells.Senescence is a complex and multifaceted process associated with a wide range of cellular events,including the secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules and the arrest of the cell cycle.展开更多
High-efficiency light modulation within transparent substrates is critically important for advancing in-chip integrated optical technologies.However,current microanophotonic platforms primarily rely on 2D surface conf...High-efficiency light modulation within transparent substrates is critically important for advancing in-chip integrated optical technologies.However,current microanophotonic platforms primarily rely on 2D surface configurations,rendering them inadequate for 3D optical design in dielectric environments.Here,we introduce a precise phase-transition technique that enables the direct lithography of highly regular amorphous units in multiple transparent dielectric crystals(lithium niobates,quartz,yttrium vanadate,etc.).This unit can be rapidly written with a single ultrafast laser pulse,exhibiting a high-purity amorphization phase transition interior structure and a regular sheet-like anisotropic spatial morphology(aspect ratio reaching 190:1).We reveal that this amorphization stems from ultrafast laser-driven anisotropic thermal deposition,achieved through the synergy of the light-induced high-density free electrons and thermal effects.Such embedded units achieve more than an order of magnitude improvement in the efficiency of nonlinear beam shaping(~3% second harmonic and~0.1%third harmonic)and offer multiple degrees of freedom for device design.This study establishes a versatile platform for on-demand production of all-dielectric microanophotonic architectures in the free space of transparent dielectrics,unlocking new avenues for 3D integrated photonics.展开更多
To address the limitations of contemporary lithium-ion batteries,particularly their low energy density and safety concerns,all-solid-state lithium batteries equipped with solid-state electrolytes have been identified ...To address the limitations of contemporary lithium-ion batteries,particularly their low energy density and safety concerns,all-solid-state lithium batteries equipped with solid-state electrolytes have been identified as an up-and-coming alternative.Among the various SEs,organic–inorganic composite solid electrolytes(OICSEs)that combine the advantages of both polymer and inorganic materials demonstrate promising potential for large-scale applications.However,OICSEs still face many challenges in practical applications,such as low ionic conductivity and poor interfacial stability,which severely limit their applications.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent research advancements in OICSEs.Specifically,the influence of inorganic fillers on the main functional parameters of OICSEs,including ionic conductivity,Li+transfer number,mechanical strength,electrochemical stability,electronic conductivity,and thermal stability are systematically discussed.The lithium-ion conduction mechanism of OICSE is thoroughly analyzed and concluded from the microscopic perspective.Besides,the classic inorganic filler types,including both inert and active fillers,are categorized with special emphasis on the relationship between inorganic filler structure design and the electrochemical performance of OICSEs.Finally,the advanced characterization techniques relevant to OICSEs are summarized,and the challenges and perspectives on the future development of OICSEs are also highlighted for constructing superior ASSLBs.展开更多
To reduce the temperature diseases of asphalt pavement,improve the service quality of road and extend service life,the research of inorganic powders that reduce the temperature of asphalt pavements was systematically ...To reduce the temperature diseases of asphalt pavement,improve the service quality of road and extend service life,the research of inorganic powders that reduce the temperature of asphalt pavements was systematically sorted out.The common types,physicochemical properties and application methods of inorganic powders were defined.The road performances of modified asphalt and its mixture were evaluated.The modification mechanism of inorganic powders in asphalt was analyzed.On this basis,the cooling effect and cooling mechanism of inorganic powders was revealed.The results indicate that inorganic powders are classified into hollow,porous,and energy conversion types.The high-temperature performance of inorganic powders modified asphalt and its mixture is significantly improved,while there is no significant change in low-temperature performance and water stability.The average increase in rutting resistance factor(G*/sin(δ))and dynamic stability is 40%–72%and 30%–50%,respectively.The modification mechanism of inorganic powders in asphalt is physical blending.The thermal conductivity of hollow and porous inorganic powders modified asphalt mixture decreases by 30.05%and 43.14%,respectively.The temperature of hollow,porous and energy conversion inorganic powders modified asphalt mixture at 5 cm decreases by 2.3 ℃–3.5 ℃,0.8 ℃–3.7 ℃and 4.1 ℃–4.7℃,respectively.Hollow and porous inorganic powders block heat conduction,while energy conversion inorganic powders achieve cooling through their functional properties.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52076076, 52006065)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (2025JC003)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (3242022)
摘要In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of this development.Inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISSEs)are the core components of sodium batteries;however,they face significant challenges such as insufficient ionic conductivity,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth,all of which severely hinder practical application.This review critically assesses experimental protocols and theoretical frameworks related to mainstream ISSEs and systematizes optimization strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges.Leveraging integrated insights from both experimental and computational studies,the review first categorizes and summarizes the primary types of ISSEs,namely oxide-,sulfide-,and halide-based electrolytes.It then details interfacial optimization strategies focused on addressing three core interfacial issues:ion transport barriers resulting from mechanical incompatibility,side reactions stemming from electrochemical mismatch,and dendrite formation.Finally,the review advocates prioritizing in-depth research that integrates experimental and theoretical approaches to establish a closed-loop methodology encompassing predictive design,multiscale investigation,mechanistic exploration,and high-throughput automated experimentation,with feedback-driven refinement.This work serves as a comprehensive reference and systematic roadmap for future research on solid-state electrolytes(SSEs).
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution,China(No.2024YSKY-51)the National Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,China(No.8242044).
摘要The presence of inorganic salts poses a significant challenge to the effective removal of petrochemical wastewater during the catalytic ozonation. However, the mechanism by which inorganic salts influence the catalytic ozonation of actual wastewater remains unclear and controversial. This study investigated the effects of inorganic salts (Na2SO4 and NaCl) on the catalytic ozonation of petrochemical wastewater. The TOC removal rate decreased from 59.89% to 32.12%–35.80% as Na2SO4 concentration increased from 0 to 5–10 g/L, whereas increasing NaCl had a slight impact on the TOC removal efficiency. Similar trends were observed for the removal of UV254 and fluorescent organic substances. This is attributed to the superior ozone mass transfer enhancement and ·OH generation, as well as weaker inhibition of the adsorption process exhibited by NaCl compared to Na2SO4. Enhanced ozone mass transfer and elevated ozone concentrations promote direct oxidation by ozone molecules, reducing both the content and proportion of macro-molecule (molecular weight ? 3 kDa) matters in the effluent. Conversely, weakened adsorption impedes the mineralization of micro-molecule (molecular weight ? 3 kDa) fractions, leading to an increase in their content and proportion in the effluent. Our findings demonstrate that inorganic salts influence catalytic ozonation through a complex interplay of enhanced ozone supply, stronger direct oxidation, higher radical production, and hindered pollutant adsorption. These insights may guide future process optimization and catalyst design to improve the catalytic ozonation of saline petrochemical wastewater.
基金supported by supported by the Basic Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology(No.202401020302)funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62274040 and No.62304046)Shanghai science and technology innovation action plan(No.24DZ3001200)。
摘要Organic-inorganic metal halides(OIMHs)have emerged as highly promising novel multifunctional optoelectronic materials,owing to their easily adjustable properties from a variety of combinations of different components.But it is still difficult and rare to realize highly tunable multicolor luminescence within the same material.In this work,we successfully incorporated three adjustable emission centers in OIMHs to synthesize a novel OIMH(NEA)2MnBr4,with each emission center capable of emitting one of the primary colors—red,green,and blue.The green and red emissions originate from the tetrahedron and octahedron structures in the Mn-based frame,while the blue can be attributed to the contribution of organic components.Additionally,to achieve comparable emission intensity among the three primary colors,we enhanced the blue emission performance by optimizing the ratio of organic structure components and incorporating chirality in the OIMHs.The resulting high-quality films can be obtained by spin-coating method with a photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 96%.More interestingly,by the dual manipulation of excitation wavelength and temperature,the sample can be emitted at least seven distinct colors including a standard white luminescence at(0.33,0.33),opening up promising prospects for multicolor luminescence applications such as high-end anti-counterfeiting technology,light-emitting diodes,X-ray imaging,latent fingerprints,humidity detection,and so on.Therefore,based on application scenarios and requirements,our research on this highly tunable luminescent OIMH material lays a solid foundation for further development of various functional properties of related materials.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22269001)the Key Research Project of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(Grant No.2021BDE92037)+2 种基金the Scientific and Technological Developing Project of Jilin Province(Grant No.20240302109G)Ningxia Science and Technology Innovation Team for Key Materials and Devices in High-Performance Secondary Batteries(Grant No.2024CXTD003)the Climbing Program of Helanshan Laboratory(Grant No.HLS-2025-PDJH-010).
摘要Silicon-carbon composite anodes offer exceptionally high energy density,but their practical application is severely constrained by the structural instability and continuous evolution of the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI).In this work,moving beyond conventional LiF-enrichment strategies,we propose a directional regulation approach based on the rational construction of a dual-phase inorganic SEI to stabilize silicon-based anodes.Phosphorus-active sites are introduced on the Si/C surface to electrochemically induce the in situ formation of a Li3P-LiF composite SEI,where Li3P enables rapid Li+transport and LiF provides electronic insulation and chemical passivation.Their nanoscale integration yields a coherent interphase that effectively mitigates mechanical stress during silicon cycling.Comprehensive materials characterization combined with theoretical analysis demonstrates that the LiF-Li3P dual-phase SEI markedly enhances interfacial stability,increasing the Young's modulus to 8.9 GPa and enabling a high Li+diffusion coefficient of up to 12.88×10−12 cm2 s−1.Benefiting from this synergistic SEI design,the Si/C anode delivers excellent electrochemical performance,achieving an initial Coulombic efficiency of 86.27%and retaining 87.53%of its capacity after 400 cycles at 2.0C.Moreover,the effectiveness of the interfacial design is further verified in Si/C@P||NCM622 full cells over 150 cycles at 1.0C.These results highlight fast ion conductor-assisted dual-phase SEI engineering as an effective and scalable strategy for enabling high-performance silicon-based lithium-ion batteries.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52373085,52573090,52533017 and U21A2095)Department of Science and Technology of Hubei Province(No.2025CSA001 and 2024CSA076)+3 种基金Outstanding Young and Middleaged Scientific and Technology Innovation Team of Higher Education Institutions of Hubei Province(No.T2024010)Innovative Team Program of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2023AFA027)Major Fundamental Research of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2025ZD33)Technical Support Project of Administration for Market Regulation of Hubei Province(Hbscjg-JS2025001).
摘要Confronted with increasingly severe challenges of electromagnetic interference(EMI)and electromagnetic radiation pollution in industrial,military,and aerospace applications,the development of novel materials that combine high shielding efficiency with excellent comprehensive performance has become a research hotspot.Inorganic highperformance fibers(IHPFs),recognized for their lightweight nature,outstanding mechanical properties,and chemical stability,are regarded as ideal candidate materials for designing lightweight,durable,and structurally functional integrated EM shielding systems.However,besides metal fibers,most IHPFs exhibit intrinsic surface chemical inertness and physical smoothness,resulting in poor interfacial compatibility and weak adhesion with functional coatings or resin matrices,which significantly undermine the long-term service reliability of composites under extreme conditions.This paper introduces the EM shielding mechanism,highlights common issues of surface inertness in IHPFs,and elaborates on both“dry”and“wet”surface modification strategies.These strategies enable the formation of robust functional layers,facilitating the integration of high strength,high modulus,and multifunctionality,while ensuring interfacial reliability in composites.Furthermore,the principles and processing techniques of various strategies for fabricating EMI shielding functional layers on IHPFs surfaces are reviewed,and recent advances in the application of functionalized IHPFs,as well as service reliability and environmental stability,are summarized,including EMI shielding protection and radar-absorbing stealth.Finally,the challenges and future research directions for the large-scale and long-term stable application of IHPF-based EMI shielding functionalization in high-end fields are discussed,offering insights that may accelerate the development of next-generation lightweight,sustainable,and multifunctional EMI shielding materials.
基金the funding support by the National Science Foundations of China(No.62471218)the Key Research and Development Project of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BE2022692 and BE2023652)+2 种基金the Nanjing Important Science&Technology Specific Projects(No.2021-11005)Nanjing International,Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan Science and Technology Co-operation Program Project(No.202308001)Nanjing Science and Technology Development Plan Project(No.202205066)。
摘要Chirality,a fundamental property of biological systems,is widely present at the molecular,cellular,and tissue levels.Current studies have shown that chiral inorganic nanomaterials,have good chiral optical activity as well as high enantioselectivity.When interacting with biological systems,the enantioselective behavior of chiral inorganic nanomaterials towards biomolecules can distinguish between different isomers of biomarkers,which,combined with the excellent optical activity of chiral inorganic nanomaterials,allows for the rapid and sensitive detection of biomarkers.Moreover,chiral inorganic nanomaterials exhibit stronger internalization and retention capabilities in cells,and by specifically targeting specific biomarkers can regulate cellular activity and catalyze related reactions,thereby achieving synergistic treatment of various diseases.In addition,chiral inorganic nanomaterials also have good biocompatibility and do not cause cell damage in living organisms.Moreover,chiral inorganic nanomaterials have programmable surfaces that can be tailored to suit specific biological functions.Due to the important role of chiral inorganic nanomaterials in the biomedical field,this paper summarizes and discusses the synthesis and biomedical applications of chiral inorganic nanomaterials.It further looks forward to its future development prospects to provide a reference for promoting relevant research on chiral inorganic nanomaterials in biomedical fields.
基金financially supported by Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.
摘要A new principle for producing fire-resistant polymer materials with increased deformation properties using a flame retardant not as a heterogeneous additive,but as a thermoplastic flame retardant in a hybrid polymer mixture with a polyhydrocarbon is considered.Hybrid polymer blends of low-molecular ammonium polyphosphate(APP)with an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA)with an APP content of 80 wt%with enhanced deformation properties were obtained by extrusion mixing at various temperatures in the range from 200°C to 250°C.A chemical scheme for the transformations of the components during the formation of the composite is proposed.X-ray diffraction analysis showed the formation of new crystalline structures of APP.The phase structure of the systems corresponding to the model of a dispersed-filled composite in which EVA plays the role of a matrix,determining the deformation of the mixture,and the filler is ammonium polyphosphate,was studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The method of FTIR microscopy showed chemical interactions between EVA and APP with the formation of amide groups.The conditions for obtaining compositions characterized by heat resistance of 210°C,oxygen index of 55 and ultimate elongation at drawing of 213%were established.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82373800)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515011236)Continuation Project of Excellent Doctors,Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2025A04J5082).
摘要The protein corona formation has been reported to influence the liposomes’behavioral performance in vivo.Accordingly,the effect of physiologically relevant inorganic ion pairs(sodium chloride,sodium sulfate,magnesium chloride,and magnesium sulfate)was investigated.Bovine serum albumin(BSA)was selected as the model protein.Parameters including particle size and zeta potential were assessed,while various spectroscopic techniques were utilized to elucidate the changes in BSA during its interaction with liposomes.The particle size and light intensity distribution changes indicated that the introduction of inorganic pairs,especially the metal cations,could significantly influence both the adsorption of BSA and the aggregation of particles.Furthermore,spectral characterization elucidated that BSA exhibited more extended peptide chains with enhanced exposure to hydrophobic acid amino residues upon adding ion pairs.Electrostatic adsorption and chelation insertion were proposed as metal ion binding modes and the corresponding BSA corona formation.In the electrostatic adsorption mode,sodium ions can enhance the electrostatic interactions,facilitating the“connection”between BSA and liposomes.Magnesium ions can induce stronger hydrophobic interactions through chelation,effectively“drag”BSA segments into the lipid bilayer.This work highlighted important physiological factors for protein-liposome interaction and provided rational model constructions to lay the foundation for further relevant studies.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFE0136500)the National Polar Special Program‘Impact and Response of Antarctic Seas to Climate Change’(Nos.IRASCC 01-01-02A,IRASCC 02-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41976228)。
摘要The Southern Ocean is critical for global marine primary productivity and ecosystem functioning.However,the spatiotemporal dynamics of dissolved nutrients in the Amundsen Sea remain poorly understood.We analyzed nutrient samples collected from the Amundsen Sea Polynya(ASP)and adjacent open ocean during the 38 th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition.Integrating existing datasets,we identified nutrient distribution patterns and monthly variations driven by biological and physical processes.The ASP mixed layer exhibited the lowest nitrate concentrations(mean 12.07±5.94μmol/L,minimum 1.74μmol/L),indicating potential nitrate limitation;whereas the open ocean mixed layer displayed the lowest silicate levels(45.59±12.03μmol/L).These contrasting nutrient regimes reflect distinct phytoplankton bloom characteristics:Phaeocystis antarctica dominates the ASP,while diatoms prevail in the open ocean.Unlike nitrate and silicate,surface phosphate concentrations were controlled by sea ice retreat,with upwelling of Circumpolar Deep Water or katabatic winds effectively replenishing phosphate in nearshore areas.Seasonal progression reveals dynamic nutrient depletion and replenishment cycles.As sea ice retreated and phytoplankton blooms progressed,dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)in the ASP declined sharply from 16.11±5.85μmol/L(December)to 9.46±4.55μmol/L(February),while silicate decreased from 80.26±3.96μmol/L(early-mid January)to 63.83±5.51μmol/L(February).Both nutrients were subsequently replenished by March(DIN:19.92±6.31μmol/L;silicate:78.53±9.41μmol/L).This asynchronous depletion pattern mirrors the ecological succession from P.antarctica-to diatoms-dominated growth.These findings enhance understanding of nutrient cycling in Antarctic marginal seas and establish a critical baseline for assessing biogeochemical feedback under climate warming.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52202374,52471050,52331003,52527801,and 52501061)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant No.E2023203255)+3 种基金Hebei Province High-level Talent Funding(Grant No.HY2024050009)the Key Talent Scheme(Postdoctoral Program)of Hebei Education Department(Grant No.B2025005011)the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(Grant No.BJK2024087)the Ministry of Education's Yangtze River Scholar Professor Program(Grant No.T2020124)。
摘要Solid-state magnesium batteries(SSMBs)have gained significant attention as promising candidates for next-generation safe energy storage systems because of the abundance of magnesium(Mg)in the earth's crust,superior energy density,and inherent nonflammability.However,the development of inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISSEs),which are critical for SSMBs,is hindered by two maj or challenges:the limited diffusivity of Mg2+and inefficient interfacial charge transfer kinetics between the electrodes and electrolytes.Recent advancements in material design and interfacial engineering have addressed these challenges with remarkable progress.Therefore,this review systematically discusses the mechanisms for optimizing the performance of ISSEs,focusing on ion transport kinetics,mechanical strength,and electrochemical stability.A crystal-structure-based classification framework is employed to critically analyze three major ISSE categories,including boride,oxide,and chalcogenide electrolytes.In addition,current engineering strategies for interfacial optimization in magnesium batteries are summarized.Finally,this review also highlights current challenges and possible directions for improving interfacial contacts in future practical applications.This comprehensive analysis aims to provide theoretical guidance for the development of high-energy-density SSMBs.
基金supported by Xiamen Science and Technology Program Project(No.3502Z202573084)Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Program Project(No.3502ZCQXT2021011).
摘要Anode materials significantly affect Cl-species evolution in electrochemical advanced oxidation process(EAOP)for wastewater treatment.This study investigated the formation of inorganic chlorinated byproducts and the oxidation mechanisms using four anode materials:Ir-Ta@Ti and Ru-Ir-Sn@Ti as active anodes,and PbO2and boron-doped diamond(BDD)as non-active anodes.The results showed that active chlorine was the dominant byproduct in the Ir-Ta@Ti and Ru-Ir-Sn@Ti systems,whereas ClO3−and ClO4−were predominantly formed in the PbO2and BDD systems,respectively.These byproducts accounted for approximately 92%,98%,67%,and 89%of the initial Cl−concentration of 607 mg/L at 120 min with a current density of 40 mA/cm2.Kinetic rate constants for each chlorinated byproduct were provided.The quenching test demonstrated direct electron transfer was the primary oxidation pathway in the Ir-Ta@Ti and Ru-Ir-Sn@Ti systems,responsible for producing ClO−as the primary chlorinated byproduct from Cl−.In contrast,the PbO2system facilitated ClO3−formation primarily through a multi-electron transfer from Cl−to ClO2−,followed by further oxidation to ClO3−.In the BDD system,indirect oxidation played a dominant role in generating ClO4−.Notably,despite substantial•OH concentration being detected in PbO2system,ClO4−was barely formed,likely due to no ClO3−absorbed on the surface to produce ClO3•.The preferred chlorinated byproducts and the corresponding oxidation mechanism for each anode are summarized.It suggests selecting appropriate anodes based on their oxidizing capacity and chlorinated byproduct.This study provides insight into controlling the production of undesirable chlorinated byproducts in EAOP.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42225105,No.42201175The China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2023M733605。
摘要As an essential component of terrestrial carbon sinks,lake sediments store vast quantities of both organic carbon(OC)and inorganic carbon(IC).However,the spatiotemporal relationship between the OC and IC in sediments and their responses to climate change remains unclear,which hinders the comprehensive understanding of carbon dynamics in lake ecosystems.This study systematically analyzes the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon burial across the Tibetan Plateau using surface sediments from 119 lakes and sediment cores from four representative lakes.Results show that OC burial dominates in humid and dry sub-humid zones,whereas IC burial prevails in arid and semi-arid regions.This distribution reflects the influences of lake and catchment productivity and water chemistry on OC and IC patterns.Sediment cores confirm that these factors have consistently affected lake carbon burial over the past century.Specifically,in humid and dry sub-humid zones,increased precipitation enhances watershed productivity and sedimentation,promoting coupled OC and IC burial.In arid and semi-arid regions,wind-driven dust supplies nutrients and alters water chemistry,also driving coupled OC and IC burial.Based on these findings,the carbon sink capacity of lake sediments on the Tibetan Plateau is projected to increase under the“warming and wetting”trend.
基金the financial support from the Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Project at Southwest United Graduate School(Grant No.202302A0370009)the National Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund(Grant No.U21A2072)+4 种基金the National Science Foundation(Grant No.62274099)the Key Project of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.24JCZDJC01360)the China Higher Education Discipline Innovation Overseas Expert Introduction Project(Grant No.B16027)Tianjin Science and Technology Project(Grant No.24ZXZSSS00160)the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of the Central Universities。
摘要Inorganic perovskite solar cells(IPSCs),due to their suitable bandgap and superior thermal stability,are ideal candidates for tandem solar cells combined with silicon.However,the development of inorganic perovskite solar cells has been hindered by suboptimal crystallization dynamics that generate detrimental defects in the perovskite lattice.Here,we propose 4-Methoxyphenylphosphonic Acid(4MPA)as a multifunctional additive to address this challenge.P=O in 4MPA establish strong coordination with undercoordinated Pb2+,while-OH engage in O...H-O hydrogen bonding interactions with DMSO,effectively weakening the solvent-[PbX6]4-octahedron interaction.This dual functionality facilitates complete and rapid DMA+-to-Cs+cation exchange while regulating crystallization kinetics,thereby optimizing crystal growth.Furthermore,π-π interactions between benzene rings significantly enhance the moisture resistance of the perovskite layer.The optimized device demonstrates a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 21.35%,with unencapsulated devices retaining 93,63%of their initial efficiency after 200-hour continuous operation under ambient conditions(35%relative humidity).
基金supported by the Commercialization Promotion Agency for R&D Outcomes(COMPA)grant funded by the Korean gov-ernment(Ministry of Science and ICT)(RS-2025-02311658)supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(RS-2023-00213746)Chungcheongbuk-do RISE(Regional Innovation System&Educa-tion)grants funded by the Ministry of Education and Chungcheongbuk-do.
摘要Inorganic perovskite solar cells(IPSCs)offer superior thermal stability and reduced toxicity compared with hybrid perovskites,yet their practical deployment is still restricted by phase instability,interfacial degradation,and limited power conversion efficiency(PCE)under operational conditions.This review systematically outlines and connects strategies for advancing cesium lead halide(CsPbX3)systems,emphasizing three complementary directions to build a coherent narrative accessible to both experts and new readers.First,compositional tuning through halide alloying,cation substitution,and controlled doping has been shown to stabilize the black perovskite phase and suppress defect formation.Second,interfacial engineering,including surface passivation,additive-assisted nucleation,and protective layers,has emerged as a key approach to reduce non-radiative recombination and improve environmental resilience.Third,scalable fabrication routes such as solution processing,vapor deposition,and nanostructured templating are assessed for their impact on crystallinity,film uniformity,and large-area device integration.Looking ahead,future research must prioritize lead-free alternatives,low-temperature processing compatible with flexible substrates,and predictive modeling for interface optimization.By consolidating cross-disciplinary insights,this review provides a coherent roadmap to accelerate the translation of IPSCs from laboratory studies to practical,sustainable photovoltaic technologies.
基金supported by the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation (No.2023J093)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61904182)the K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
摘要Cesium lead iodide(CsPbI3)is widely employed as the absorber material for perovskite solar cells(PSC)with its excellent photothermal stability.Here,an electron transport layer(ETL)-free CsPbI3 PSC was modeled using the solar cell capacitance simulator(SCAPS)program.The simulation involves a series of parameters optimization,including the thickness,doping concentration,defect density and permittivity of the fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO)electrode,the hole transport layer(HTL),and the perovskite(PVK)layer.Additionally,the defect density at the FTO/PVK interface and the PVK/HTL interface were considered.The study revealed that the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the device is significantly affected by variations in the parameters of the PVK layer,especially the thickness and defect density.Moreover,the defect density at the contact interfaces also notably influences the device efficiency.After systematic computational optimization,the best device exhibited an open-circuit voltage(VOC)of 1.16 V,a short-circuit current(JSC)of 21.52 mA/cm2,a fill factor(FF)of 87.83%,and a PCE of 21.9%,which is close to the full-structured device reported in experiment,demonstrating the potential of all inorganic PSCs with simplified structures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12072182 and 12421002).
摘要Inorganic perovskites,a class of materials with the general formula ABX3,exhibit a wide range of electronic,dielectric,and structural properties,making them pivotal in energy,electronics,and catalysis applications.Accurate atomistic simulations of these materials require accurate interatomic potentials that capture both short-range and long-range interactions.While first-principles methods are of high accuracy,empirical and machine learning potentials remain essential for large-scale simulations.This survey categorizes and reviews the atomic potentials used in inorganic perovskite modeling based on how they treat electrostatic interactions:potentials without charges,potentials with constant charges,and potentials with variable charges.Given the ionic nature of perovskites,we emphasize the importance of charge treatment,and each class of potentials is discussed in detail with representative examples,functional forms,and application scenarios.For comparison,we perform molecular dynamics simulations to calculate the critical temperature for the phase transition of the perovskite CsPbI3 with available empirical potentials,highlighting their strengths and limitations in capturing structural evolution.Finally,we outline future directions for developing more accurate and transferable atomic potentials for inorganic perovskites.We hope that this review can serve as a guiding resource for researchers who are starting to perform simulations for inorganic perovskites.
摘要Aging is considered the main risk factor for the development of several diseases,including the leading neurodegenerative disorders.While the cellular features of aging are complex and multifaceted,neuronal senescence has emerged as a major contributor and driver of this process in the mammalian cell.Cellular senescence is a programmed response to stress and irreparable damage,which drives the cell into an apoptosis-resistant,non-proliferative state.Senescent cells can also deleteriously affect neighboring,non-senescent cells.Senescence is a complex and multifaceted process associated with a wide range of cellular events,including the secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules and the arrest of the cell cycle.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12304349,52432001)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.LMS26A040001,LDG25F050001)+3 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZC20241465)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2025M780798)Zhejiang Province Postdoctoral Researcher Funding Program(No.ZJ2025074)"Pioneer"and"Leading Goose"R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2023C03089).
摘要High-efficiency light modulation within transparent substrates is critically important for advancing in-chip integrated optical technologies.However,current microanophotonic platforms primarily rely on 2D surface configurations,rendering them inadequate for 3D optical design in dielectric environments.Here,we introduce a precise phase-transition technique that enables the direct lithography of highly regular amorphous units in multiple transparent dielectric crystals(lithium niobates,quartz,yttrium vanadate,etc.).This unit can be rapidly written with a single ultrafast laser pulse,exhibiting a high-purity amorphization phase transition interior structure and a regular sheet-like anisotropic spatial morphology(aspect ratio reaching 190:1).We reveal that this amorphization stems from ultrafast laser-driven anisotropic thermal deposition,achieved through the synergy of the light-induced high-density free electrons and thermal effects.Such embedded units achieve more than an order of magnitude improvement in the efficiency of nonlinear beam shaping(~3% second harmonic and~0.1%third harmonic)and offer multiple degrees of freedom for device design.This study establishes a versatile platform for on-demand production of all-dielectric microanophotonic architectures in the free space of transparent dielectrics,unlocking new avenues for 3D integrated photonics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22075064,52302234,52272241)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LR24E020001+2 种基金Natural Science of Heilongjiang Province(No.LH2023B009)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M710950)Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund(LBH-Z21131),National Key Laboratory Projects(No.SYSKT20230056).
摘要To address the limitations of contemporary lithium-ion batteries,particularly their low energy density and safety concerns,all-solid-state lithium batteries equipped with solid-state electrolytes have been identified as an up-and-coming alternative.Among the various SEs,organic–inorganic composite solid electrolytes(OICSEs)that combine the advantages of both polymer and inorganic materials demonstrate promising potential for large-scale applications.However,OICSEs still face many challenges in practical applications,such as low ionic conductivity and poor interfacial stability,which severely limit their applications.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent research advancements in OICSEs.Specifically,the influence of inorganic fillers on the main functional parameters of OICSEs,including ionic conductivity,Li+transfer number,mechanical strength,electrochemical stability,electronic conductivity,and thermal stability are systematically discussed.The lithium-ion conduction mechanism of OICSE is thoroughly analyzed and concluded from the microscopic perspective.Besides,the classic inorganic filler types,including both inert and active fillers,are categorized with special emphasis on the relationship between inorganic filler structure design and the electrochemical performance of OICSEs.Finally,the advanced characterization techniques relevant to OICSEs are summarized,and the challenges and perspectives on the future development of OICSEs are also highlighted for constructing superior ASSLBs.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(300102214908)Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(2022TD-07).
摘要To reduce the temperature diseases of asphalt pavement,improve the service quality of road and extend service life,the research of inorganic powders that reduce the temperature of asphalt pavements was systematically sorted out.The common types,physicochemical properties and application methods of inorganic powders were defined.The road performances of modified asphalt and its mixture were evaluated.The modification mechanism of inorganic powders in asphalt was analyzed.On this basis,the cooling effect and cooling mechanism of inorganic powders was revealed.The results indicate that inorganic powders are classified into hollow,porous,and energy conversion types.The high-temperature performance of inorganic powders modified asphalt and its mixture is significantly improved,while there is no significant change in low-temperature performance and water stability.The average increase in rutting resistance factor(G*/sin(δ))and dynamic stability is 40%–72%and 30%–50%,respectively.The modification mechanism of inorganic powders in asphalt is physical blending.The thermal conductivity of hollow and porous inorganic powders modified asphalt mixture decreases by 30.05%and 43.14%,respectively.The temperature of hollow,porous and energy conversion inorganic powders modified asphalt mixture at 5 cm decreases by 2.3 ℃–3.5 ℃,0.8 ℃–3.7 ℃and 4.1 ℃–4.7℃,respectively.Hollow and porous inorganic powders block heat conduction,while energy conversion inorganic powders achieve cooling through their functional properties.