This study establishes a high-speed nano-positioning stage composed of a symmetrically driven structure with multiple parallel-bonded thin piezoelectric ceramic layers capable of performing micro-or nanoscale manipula...This study establishes a high-speed nano-positioning stage composed of a symmetrically driven structure with multiple parallel-bonded thin piezoelectric ceramic layers capable of performing micro-or nanoscale manipulations.Accordingly,a neural-network-based switching output regulation controller(NNSORC)was developed to compensate for the associated hysteresis nonlinearity.To address the challenges of slow floating-point computation speeds and low compilation efficiency,a closed-loop control system with a field-programmable gate array–central processing unit(FPGA–CPU)dual-layer data-processing framework was developed.A feedback linearization method was designed to linearize the hysteresis nonlinearity of the framework,resulting in a switching-tracking error system.With the assistance of Lyapunov theory and an average dwell time technique,sufficient conditions were derived to ensure the asymptotic stability of the NN-SORC governing closed-loop system using the switching reference signals often encountered in realistic micro-ano-scale detection and manufacturing processes.Finally,extensive comparative experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed NN-SORC scheme.展开更多
State estimation under anomalies such as disturbances and faults remains a fundamental challenge in nonlinear systems,with its difficulty further exacerbated by potential network attacks.This study investigates fast a...State estimation under anomalies such as disturbances and faults remains a fundamental challenge in nonlinear systems,with its difficulty further exacerbated by potential network attacks.This study investigates fast anomaly detection and state estimation for perturbed nonlinear systems where actual outputs may be anomalous over a prolonged period.First,a fixedtime observer is constructed.By leveraging integral-type composite Lyapunov functions and homogeneity theory,the error bounds are proven under varying scenarios involving model disturbances,measurement noise,and nonlinearity.Based on these bounds,a fast anomaly detection mechanism is designed.Next,a cascade predictor is developed based on the fixed-time observer,which uses historical outputs from a previous time window to predict the current system state.Simultaneously,an algorithm is proposed to determine the reference historical output based on anomaly detection results,improving long-term prediction accuracy and mitigating the impact of anomaly detection delays.Finally,the secure state estimation is derived by fusing states from the fixed-time observer and the cascade predictor,depending on the anomaly detection results.The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulations on autonomous vehicles.展开更多
The bias of micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS)gyroscopes is sensitive to temperature variations,which limits their accuracy in complex thermal environments.To address this issue,this paper proposes a Gaussian proce...The bias of micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS)gyroscopes is sensitive to temperature variations,which limits their accuracy in complex thermal environments.To address this issue,this paper proposes a Gaussian process regression(GPR)model that uses resonant frequency and quadrature output as inputs to predict and compensate for the full-temperature bias of MEMS gyroscopes in real-time.Without relying on external sensors,the resonant frequency and quadrature output serve as virtual sensors that directly reflect bias variations.To suppress noise and improve modeling accuracy,the bias is preprocessed using particle swarm optimization-optimized variational mode decomposition before training.In addition,a fast computation strategy is developed to improve the computational efficiency of the GPR model.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.In three repeated trials,the bias instability of the compensated bias is reduced by 46.18%,60.18%,and 63.68%,respectively,compared to the uncompensated bias.展开更多
This study aims to investigate the output work and temperature drop in a compressor disk cavity equipped with a Finned Vortex Reducer(FVR)to improve the performance of the secondary air system of gas turbine engines.B...This study aims to investigate the output work and temperature drop in a compressor disk cavity equipped with a Finned Vortex Reducer(FVR)to improve the performance of the secondary air system of gas turbine engines.Based on the experimentally validated simulation results,we explore the effects of the rotating speed of the disk,coolant mass flow rate and the size of the fin on the flow and energy transfer of the radial inflow in the rotating cavity.The results show that the circumferential acceleration of the flow by Coriolis force is inhibited by the radial assembled fins from the rotating coordinate system,forcing the swirl ratio into one in the finned region and resulting in the reduction of the pressure drop.Outside the finned region,the variation characteristics of the swirl ratio follows that of a free vortex,which is typically found in the radial inflow through a simple cavity,i.e.,cavity without any vortex reducer.For the output work of the FVR cavity flow,it is mainly caused by the pressure difference on the fin surfaces,while those by the viscous shear force could be neglected.We propose a simplified model to predict the output work and total temperature change in the FVR cavity,which generally matches well with the simulation result.The research findings can provide guidance for the design and optimization of secondary air system in gas turbines.展开更多
This paper delves into the H∞optimal output regulation problem for continuous-time linear systems with an unknown system model.By integrating the internal model principle with optimal control,we derive an optimal con...This paper delves into the H∞optimal output regulation problem for continuous-time linear systems with an unknown system model.By integrating the internal model principle with optimal control,we derive an optimal control policy and a worst-case disturbance policy through the formulation and solution of a zero-sum game problem.Subsequently,leveraging adaptive dynamic programming,we propose a policy iteration learning algorithm capable of learning both the optimal control policy and the worst-case disturbance policy directly from system data.The existing algorithms necessitate an initial stabilizing policy,a full-rank condition,and the storage of historical data to guarantee algorithm convergence.In contrast,we design a dual policy iteration algorithm equipped with an online learning mechanism,thereby eliminating these additional prerequisites.Simulation results with an antonomous ground vehicle underscore the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm,and its superiority is further demonstrated through comparisons with existing methodologies.展开更多
This study investigated the effectiveness of manure-based slurry film(MSF)technology and validated its dual benefits in reducing mineral fertilizer input and enhancing fertilizer use efficiency through field experimen...This study investigated the effectiveness of manure-based slurry film(MSF)technology and validated its dual benefits in reducing mineral fertilizer input and enhancing fertilizer use efficiency through field experiments.The results showed that MSF maintained silage maize yield while reducing mineral fertilizer input by 30%,and achieved a significant yield increase under 15%reduction in fertilizer input compared to standard polyethylene film.An investigation of soil microorganisms demonstrated that MSF changed the microbial community structure,promoting the activation and use efficiency of nutrients such as nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,while increasing soil organic matter content.Life cycle assessment was performed with SimaPro 9.5 revealing that the environmental impact of MSF is significantly greater than that of polyethylene film across various environmental assessment factors.The high environmental impact of MSF production stems from its energy and water consumption,necessitating a focus on process simplification while maintaining high yield.This study provides new insights into the development of cleaner technologies,examines diversified uses of cow manure,emphasizes the role of MSF in reducing mineral fertilizer application,and highlights potential environmental risks.展开更多
Objective Stress-induced changes in echocardiographic parameters reflect cardiac reserve function.This study aimed to identify predictors of acute mountain sickness(AMS)using exercise stress echocardiography(ESE)befor...Objective Stress-induced changes in echocardiographic parameters reflect cardiac reserve function.This study aimed to identify predictors of acute mountain sickness(AMS)using exercise stress echocardiography(ESE)before ascent.Methods In this prospective cohort study,104 healthy adults were enrolled and treated using ESE using a mechanically braked bicycle ergometer at a low altitude(LA)(500 m).Physiological data and echocardiographic parameters were collected before and during exercise.An ascent from 500 m to 4,100 m was completed by the bus within two days.AMS was identified using the Lake Louise Questionnaire.Results Among the 104 participants,49 developed AMS at 4,100 m.Compared with individuals without AMS,those with AMS had a higher low-altitude(500 m)heart rate(HR)but lower stroke volume(SV)at rest,lower cardiac output(CO)and SV during exercise,and lower rates of change in CO,SV,and HR.Multivariate regression analysis revealed that female sex(odds ratio[OR]=3.17,P=0.039)and the rate of change in CO during exercise(OR=0.98,P=0.001)were independent risk factors for AMS.Participants with the lowest CO change rate after ESE presented the highest AMS risk.Conclusion ESE could serve as an effective screening tool for AMS susceptibility,and blunted CO augmentation during exercise is an independent predictive marker for AMS risk.展开更多
In this paper,a decentralized optimal tracking control method considering constrained input is proposed for modular manipulator system.The dynamic model of the subsystem is established by using the joint torque feedba...In this paper,a decentralized optimal tracking control method considering constrained input is proposed for modular manipulator system.The dynamic model of the subsystem is established by using the joint torque feedback(JTF)technology.The model uncertainty of the system is observed by an adaptive observer,and the bounded function is used to deal with the constrained input.The controller is optimized by combining event-triggered mechanism and adaptive dynamic programming(ADP)control algorithm.Furthermore,in order to reduce the computation of solving Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman(HJB)equation,critical neural network is used to solve it online.The weights of neural networks(NNs)is adjusted by event-triggered conditions.By using Lyapunov theory,the trajectory tracking error of the modular manipulator is proved to be uniformly ultimately bounded(UUB)with constrained input.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by ex-periments.展开更多
Reasonably controlling heat input is crucial for optimizing the weld quality of Mg alloys with thermal sensitivity.But it falls to meet diverse requirements of industrial welded structures.This study synchronously adj...Reasonably controlling heat input is crucial for optimizing the weld quality of Mg alloys with thermal sensitivity.But it falls to meet diverse requirements of industrial welded structures.This study synchronously adjusts welding current,voltage and speed with constant heat input to achieve further regulation on weld quality of Mg alloy thin plate welded joints.Increasing three parameters significantly expanded melting width and area,with a lower heat-affected zone under full penetration.And equiaxed grains gradually replaced columnar grains at the fusion line.More precipitate phases formed in the weld zone at the same time,inducing a greater hardness.Moreover,higher arc energy promoted recrystallization,weakening the crystallographic texture and internal stress of welded joints.Especially at a wire feed rate of 7 m/min,the subgrain boundary content and kernel average misorientation were far lower than other joints.Although these evolutions had minimal impacts on tensile strength,elongation and yield strength exhibited a fluctuating state that initially decrease then raise.A superior tensile behavior was achieved at a wire feed rate of 6 m/min.The findings highlight significant impacts of varying welding parameters on weld quality under constant heat input,offering new insights for optimizing Mg alloy welding to meet diverse structural needs.展开更多
WE observe that the response speed of a linear timeinvariant system to a step reference input depends not only on the system parameters but also on the magnitude of the step input.Based on this observation,we demonstr...WE observe that the response speed of a linear timeinvariant system to a step reference input depends not only on the system parameters but also on the magnitude of the step input.Based on this observation,we demonstrate a method to schedule the magnitude of the reference input to achieve a faster response.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter introduces a novel Koopman-based equivalent-inputdisturbance(EID)approach to enhance tremor suppression performance.Since the first-order linear model used in the conventional EID approach cann...Dear Editor,This letter introduces a novel Koopman-based equivalent-inputdisturbance(EID)approach to enhance tremor suppression performance.Since the first-order linear model used in the conventional EID approach cannot accurately describe the wrist-exoskeleton system,we propose a Koopman modeling framework to construct a high-precision linear model.Furthermore,we incorporate an additional gain parameter into the EID estimator to improve the tremor suppression performance.Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of our approach.展开更多
Low heat input welding is widely used in the industry.The microstructure and toughness of the welded joints under low heat input conditions have received less attention than those under high heat input.The impact toug...Low heat input welding is widely used in the industry.The microstructure and toughness of the welded joints under low heat input conditions have received less attention than those under high heat input.The impact toughness,microstructure and failure mechanisms of the coarse-grain heat-affected zone(CGHAZ)in a micro-alloyed steel were investigated by welding thermal simulation with the heat input ranging from 15 to 65 kJ/cm.The impact toughness of CGHAZ is highly sensitive to variations in low heat input.The failure mechanisms were discussed from the viewpoints of micro-voids formation and micro-cracks propagation.The micro-voids are preferred to be formed and grow at soft phase of grain boundary ferrite(GBF).At the heat inputs no more than 22 kJ/cm,martensite was dominantly formed,and the micro-cracks initiated from the GBF were propagated into the grain interiors,leading to the brittle fracture and low toughness.When the heat input was increased to 31.2 kJ/cm,granular bainite became the dominant constitute,causing cracks to deflect away from GBF and propagate into prior austenite grains.The high density high-angle and low-angle grain boundaries and the presence of retained austenite,effectively restricted the crack propagation,resulting in ductile fracture behavior and enhanced toughness.High heat input(62.3 kJ/cm)promoted coarse GBF formation,providing continuous paths for microcrack propagation.This direct intergranular crack progression caused brittle fracture and low toughness.Industrial cold cracking in the CGHAZ can thus be controlled by heat input optimization to maximize toughness.展开更多
Off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy(OA-ICOS)is an extremely sensitive technique for measuring trace gas concentrations.Nevertheless,recent research has indicated that when the reflectivity of the mirrors fo...Off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy(OA-ICOS)is an extremely sensitive technique for measuring trace gas concentrations.Nevertheless,recent research has indicated that when the reflectivity of the mirrors forming the cavity is excessively high,it affects the linearity between the absorption signal and concentration.In this study,the causes and limitations of this phenomenon are discussed based on the Beer-Lambert law and the law of light propagation within the cavity.A new equation is derived to describe the nonlinear relationship between the integral area of absorption spectra and gas concentration.The absorption spectra of CO2and CH4,measured under different experimental conditions and concentrations,were fitted with Voigt functions to obtain parameters such as peak values and integral areas,which were used to verify the theoretical derivation process and results.The experimental results demonstrate that the relationship between the area of the measured absorption spectra and the gas concentration is consistent with the new formula,with an average fitting correlation coefficient of 0.9998.Meanwhile,the experimental results also demonstrate that the effective optical path length indeed decreases with increasing concentration.Furthermore,the cavity reflectances(99.99644%at 6242.6 cm-1and 99.99833%at 6046.96 cm-1)derived from the fitting coefficient of the new concentration expression closely match the reflectances(99.99727%at 6242.6 cm-1and 99.99868%at 6046.96 cm-1)obtained by applying the classical formula to the spectra of the lowest gas concentration.These experimental results validate the theoretical deduction process and expression.This research provides insights for the theoretical and practical advancements of OA-ICOS,which is significant for advancing high-precision trace gas detection technology.展开更多
This paper addresses the attitude tracking control problem for a 3-degree-of-freedom(DOF)helicopter subjected to both external and state-dependent internal disturbances.To counteract these disturbances,we propose an o...This paper addresses the attitude tracking control problem for a 3-degree-of-freedom(DOF)helicopter subjected to both external and state-dependent internal disturbances.To counteract these disturbances,we propose an output feedback controller based on an extended state observer(ESO)that estimates state-dependent system uncertainties and attitude angle velocities.Additionally,we impose constraints on the control input and system state to enhance the safety of the 3-DOF helicopter system.Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.展开更多
To enhance the accuracy of short-term photovoltaic power output prediction and address issues such as insufficient spatial resolution of meteorological forecast data and weak generalization ability of models,this pape...To enhance the accuracy of short-term photovoltaic power output prediction and address issues such as insufficient spatial resolution of meteorological forecast data and weak generalization ability of models,this paper proposes a prediction method that integrates spatial downscaling meteorological data with a convolutional neural network(CNN)-iTransformer-long short-term memory(LSTM)model.First,the rime-optimized random forest regression algorithm(RIME-RF)is employed to perform spatial downscaling on numerical weather prediction(NWP)data,thereby improving its local applicability.Second,a CNN-iTransformer-LSTM hybrid prediction model is constructed.This model utilizes a CNN as a spatial feature extractor to capture local patterns in meteorological data,employs an iTransformer to model the global dependencies among multiple variables,and leverages an LSTM to enhance the learning of short-term temporal dynamic features,thereby achieving efficient collaborative mining of multi-scale features.Finally,experiments are conducted using actual data from a photovoltaic power station in Hebei,China,during various seasons and weather conditions.The results show that the proposed model outperforms the comparison models in terms of the root mean square error(RMSE),mean absolute error(MAE),and R2,maintaining high prediction accuracy and stability even under complex weather conditions such as overcast and rainy days.The downscaling process further enhances the prediction performance,verifying the effectiveness and practicality of this method.展开更多
In this paper,we study the issue of controlling a rotating flexible body-beam system(RFBBS)which consists of a tip mass attached to the free-end and a rigid disk attached to the clamped-end of an Euler-Bernoulli beam....In this paper,we study the issue of controlling a rotating flexible body-beam system(RFBBS)which consists of a tip mass attached to the free-end and a rigid disk attached to the clamped-end of an Euler-Bernoulli beam.The boundary control input is affected by both unknown disturbance and nonlinear input backlash.First,the input backlash is considered as desired control input combined with a nonlinear input error,converting it to an external disturbance,and then,the control signal is designed through the energy-based control method.Next,the closed-loop system’s stability is analysed through Lyapunov direct method.Finally,the efficacy of the proposed control scheme is tested through numerical simulations utilizing the finite difference method.展开更多
This article investigates the adaptive neural network predefined-time consensus control problem for fractional-order multiagent systems(MASs)with output constraints.Due to the unknown nonlinear dynamics and unmeasurab...This article investigates the adaptive neural network predefined-time consensus control problem for fractional-order multiagent systems(MASs)with output constraints.Due to the unknown nonlinear dynamics and unmeasurable states in fractional-order MASs,neural networks are employed to identify the unknown nonlinear functions,and the neural network state observers are designed to estimate the unmeasurable states.In addition,a predefined-time stabilization criterion for fractional-order MASs is introduced.The barrier Lyapunov function is introduced to address the output constraint problem,and an event-triggered mechanism with a switching threshold is proposed to conserve communication resources.Then,by combining the fractional-order dynamic surface control design approach with predefined-time theory,an adaptive predefined-time control scheme based on event-triggered control is proposed.Finally,it is demonstrated that the controlled system achieves semi-global practical predefined-time stability(SGPPTS),with all signals remaining bounded.The effectiveness of the proposed theory and method is demonstrated through simulation results.展开更多
This paper proposes a robust control-oriented identification method for errors-in-variables(EIV)systems in output feedbacks using frequency-response(FR)experimental data.An important relation between such a closed-loo...This paper proposes a robust control-oriented identification method for errors-in-variables(EIV)systems in output feedbacks using frequency-response(FR)experimental data.An important relation between such a closed-loop EIV system and its coprime factor(CF)uncertainty description is first derived,based on which the FR measurements suitable for plant CF identification are able to be generated.Different factorizations of a given controller in the closed-loop system can be made best use to adjust right coprime factors(RCFs)of the plant so as to realize an improvement on the signal-to-noise ratio of identification experimental data.Subsequently,a nominal RCF model is estimated by linear matrix inequalities from the applicable FR measurements and its associated worst-case errors are quantified from a priori and a posteriori information on the underlying system.A resulting RCF perturbation model set can then be described by the nominal RCF model and its worst-case error bounds.Such a model set capable of being stabilized by the given controller is ready for its robust stabilizing controller redesign and robust performance analysis.Finally,a numerical simulation is given to show the efficacy of the proposed identification method.展开更多
Uncertain loads of the rigid-soft hybrid manipulator directly affect working configurations,which will alter the system model parameters,and thereby degrade control accuracy and efficiency.This paper introduces an eve...Uncertain loads of the rigid-soft hybrid manipulator directly affect working configurations,which will alter the system model parameters,and thereby degrade control accuracy and efficiency.This paper introduces an event-triggered adaptive model predictive control strategy,which integrates with a data-driven approach to control hybrid robots with a cable-driven soft component.In the presence of model uncertainty and mismatch,adaptive identification is employed to improve the nominal model within the controller.Meanwhile,an event-triggered scheme is utilized to reduce redundant identification frequency and improve computing efficiency.Furthermore,an online data-driven method,called input mapping,uses the relationship between the historical input and output data to compensate for the minor model error in the controller via linear combination.The optimization problem is efficiently solved by designing the attenuation coefficient in an infinite-domain situation.Comparative simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves improved accuracy and faster convergence speed.展开更多
BACKGROUND The recent Cardiac Output in Patients with Small Annuli Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation with Self-Expanding vs Balloon Expandable Valve(COPS-TAVI)study provided some insights into the dif...BACKGROUND The recent Cardiac Output in Patients with Small Annuli Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation with Self-Expanding vs Balloon Expandable Valve(COPS-TAVI)study provided some insights into the differences in cardiac output in patients with small aortic annuli undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI)according to the implanted platform:Balloon-expandable(BEV)vs self-expanding valves(SEV).AIM To investigate the understudied role of atrial fibrillation(AF)on cardiac output in patients undergoing TAVI.METHODS The COPS-TAVI study enrolled consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis and small annuli who underwent successful TAVI.Cardiac output was measured using echocardiography within 4 weeks following TAVI.Data were analyzed according to the presence of AF and stratified by SEV or BEV.RESULTS A total of 138 patients were included in the analysis,of whom 22%had AF.Cardiac output was significantly lower in patients with AF compared to those without it(4.6 L/minute vs 5.3 L/minute,P=0.02).Consistent with the main study findings,the difference in cardiac output was evident among patients without AF who underwent SEV vs BEV(P0.05).There was no difference in clinical outcomes between the two groups.CONCLUSION Cardiac output,as measured by echocardiography,was larger in patients with small annuli who underwent TAVI procedure with SEV compared to BEV in patients without AF.This observation should be considered during procedural planning.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022ZD0119601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52188102,62225306,and U2141235)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Research Foundation(2022B1515120069)。
摘要This study establishes a high-speed nano-positioning stage composed of a symmetrically driven structure with multiple parallel-bonded thin piezoelectric ceramic layers capable of performing micro-or nanoscale manipulations.Accordingly,a neural-network-based switching output regulation controller(NNSORC)was developed to compensate for the associated hysteresis nonlinearity.To address the challenges of slow floating-point computation speeds and low compilation efficiency,a closed-loop control system with a field-programmable gate array–central processing unit(FPGA–CPU)dual-layer data-processing framework was developed.A feedback linearization method was designed to linearize the hysteresis nonlinearity of the framework,resulting in a switching-tracking error system.With the assistance of Lyapunov theory and an average dwell time technique,sufficient conditions were derived to ensure the asymptotic stability of the NN-SORC governing closed-loop system using the switching reference signals often encountered in realistic micro-ano-scale detection and manufacturing processes.Finally,extensive comparative experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed NN-SORC scheme.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62403396,U25A20474,62303189,62433018)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M762667,2025T180463)。
摘要State estimation under anomalies such as disturbances and faults remains a fundamental challenge in nonlinear systems,with its difficulty further exacerbated by potential network attacks.This study investigates fast anomaly detection and state estimation for perturbed nonlinear systems where actual outputs may be anomalous over a prolonged period.First,a fixedtime observer is constructed.By leveraging integral-type composite Lyapunov functions and homogeneity theory,the error bounds are proven under varying scenarios involving model disturbances,measurement noise,and nonlinearity.Based on these bounds,a fast anomaly detection mechanism is designed.Next,a cascade predictor is developed based on the fixed-time observer,which uses historical outputs from a previous time window to predict the current system state.Simultaneously,an algorithm is proposed to determine the reference historical output based on anomaly detection results,improving long-term prediction accuracy and mitigating the impact of anomaly detection delays.Finally,the secure state estimation is derived by fusing states from the fixed-time observer and the cascade predictor,depending on the anomaly detection results.The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulations on autonomous vehicles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12172180).
摘要The bias of micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS)gyroscopes is sensitive to temperature variations,which limits their accuracy in complex thermal environments.To address this issue,this paper proposes a Gaussian process regression(GPR)model that uses resonant frequency and quadrature output as inputs to predict and compensate for the full-temperature bias of MEMS gyroscopes in real-time.Without relying on external sensors,the resonant frequency and quadrature output serve as virtual sensors that directly reflect bias variations.To suppress noise and improve modeling accuracy,the bias is preprocessed using particle swarm optimization-optimized variational mode decomposition before training.In addition,a fast computation strategy is developed to improve the computational efficiency of the GPR model.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.In three repeated trials,the bias instability of the compensated bias is reduced by 46.18%,60.18%,and 63.68%,respectively,compared to the uncompensated bias.
基金the support from the National Science and Technology Major Project,China(No.2022-Ⅲ-0003-0012)。
摘要This study aims to investigate the output work and temperature drop in a compressor disk cavity equipped with a Finned Vortex Reducer(FVR)to improve the performance of the secondary air system of gas turbine engines.Based on the experimentally validated simulation results,we explore the effects of the rotating speed of the disk,coolant mass flow rate and the size of the fin on the flow and energy transfer of the radial inflow in the rotating cavity.The results show that the circumferential acceleration of the flow by Coriolis force is inhibited by the radial assembled fins from the rotating coordinate system,forcing the swirl ratio into one in the finned region and resulting in the reduction of the pressure drop.Outside the finned region,the variation characteristics of the swirl ratio follows that of a free vortex,which is typically found in the radial inflow through a simple cavity,i.e.,cavity without any vortex reducer.For the output work of the FVR cavity flow,it is mainly caused by the pressure difference on the fin surfaces,while those by the viscous shear force could be neglected.We propose a simplified model to predict the output work and total temperature change in the FVR cavity,which generally matches well with the simulation result.The research findings can provide guidance for the design and optimization of secondary air system in gas turbines.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62322305,62495090,62495095)。
摘要This paper delves into the H∞optimal output regulation problem for continuous-time linear systems with an unknown system model.By integrating the internal model principle with optimal control,we derive an optimal control policy and a worst-case disturbance policy through the formulation and solution of a zero-sum game problem.Subsequently,leveraging adaptive dynamic programming,we propose a policy iteration learning algorithm capable of learning both the optimal control policy and the worst-case disturbance policy directly from system data.The existing algorithms necessitate an initial stabilizing policy,a full-rank condition,and the storage of historical data to guarantee algorithm convergence.In contrast,we design a dual policy iteration algorithm equipped with an online learning mechanism,thereby eliminating these additional prerequisites.Simulation results with an antonomous ground vehicle underscore the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm,and its superiority is further demonstrated through comparisons with existing methodologies.
基金sponsored by National Key R&D Program,China(2022YFD1900200 and 2022YFD1900300)Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(BSRF202409).
摘要This study investigated the effectiveness of manure-based slurry film(MSF)technology and validated its dual benefits in reducing mineral fertilizer input and enhancing fertilizer use efficiency through field experiments.The results showed that MSF maintained silage maize yield while reducing mineral fertilizer input by 30%,and achieved a significant yield increase under 15%reduction in fertilizer input compared to standard polyethylene film.An investigation of soil microorganisms demonstrated that MSF changed the microbial community structure,promoting the activation and use efficiency of nutrients such as nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,while increasing soil organic matter content.Life cycle assessment was performed with SimaPro 9.5 revealing that the environmental impact of MSF is significantly greater than that of polyethylene film across various environmental assessment factors.The high environmental impact of MSF production stems from its energy and water consumption,necessitating a focus on process simplification while maintaining high yield.This study provides new insights into the development of cleaner technologies,examines diversified uses of cow manure,emphasizes the role of MSF in reducing mineral fertilizer application,and highlights potential environmental risks.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1104204)Chongqing Youth High-End Talent Project(to Z.Q.)Special Project for Talent Cultivation of Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University(2024XKRC001).
摘要Objective Stress-induced changes in echocardiographic parameters reflect cardiac reserve function.This study aimed to identify predictors of acute mountain sickness(AMS)using exercise stress echocardiography(ESE)before ascent.Methods In this prospective cohort study,104 healthy adults were enrolled and treated using ESE using a mechanically braked bicycle ergometer at a low altitude(LA)(500 m).Physiological data and echocardiographic parameters were collected before and during exercise.An ascent from 500 m to 4,100 m was completed by the bus within two days.AMS was identified using the Lake Louise Questionnaire.Results Among the 104 participants,49 developed AMS at 4,100 m.Compared with individuals without AMS,those with AMS had a higher low-altitude(500 m)heart rate(HR)but lower stroke volume(SV)at rest,lower cardiac output(CO)and SV during exercise,and lower rates of change in CO,SV,and HR.Multivariate regression analysis revealed that female sex(odds ratio[OR]=3.17,P=0.039)and the rate of change in CO during exercise(OR=0.98,P=0.001)were independent risk factors for AMS.Participants with the lowest CO change rate after ESE presented the highest AMS risk.Conclusion ESE could serve as an effective screening tool for AMS susceptibility,and blunted CO augmentation during exercise is an independent predictive marker for AMS risk.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62203066,62173047)Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province(Grant No.20240101355JC)Science and Technology Project of Jilin Provincial Education Department of China(Grant No.JJKH20240858KJ).
摘要In this paper,a decentralized optimal tracking control method considering constrained input is proposed for modular manipulator system.The dynamic model of the subsystem is established by using the joint torque feedback(JTF)technology.The model uncertainty of the system is observed by an adaptive observer,and the bounded function is used to deal with the constrained input.The controller is optimized by combining event-triggered mechanism and adaptive dynamic programming(ADP)control algorithm.Furthermore,in order to reduce the computation of solving Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman(HJB)equation,critical neural network is used to solve it online.The weights of neural networks(NNs)is adjusted by event-triggered conditions.By using Lyapunov theory,the trajectory tracking error of the modular manipulator is proved to be uniformly ultimately bounded(UUB)with constrained input.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by ex-periments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52275338,52305362).
摘要Reasonably controlling heat input is crucial for optimizing the weld quality of Mg alloys with thermal sensitivity.But it falls to meet diverse requirements of industrial welded structures.This study synchronously adjusts welding current,voltage and speed with constant heat input to achieve further regulation on weld quality of Mg alloy thin plate welded joints.Increasing three parameters significantly expanded melting width and area,with a lower heat-affected zone under full penetration.And equiaxed grains gradually replaced columnar grains at the fusion line.More precipitate phases formed in the weld zone at the same time,inducing a greater hardness.Moreover,higher arc energy promoted recrystallization,weakening the crystallographic texture and internal stress of welded joints.Especially at a wire feed rate of 7 m/min,the subgrain boundary content and kernel average misorientation were far lower than other joints.Although these evolutions had minimal impacts on tensile strength,elongation and yield strength exhibited a fluctuating state that initially decrease then raise.A superior tensile behavior was achieved at a wire feed rate of 6 m/min.The findings highlight significant impacts of varying welding parameters on weld quality under constant heat input,offering new insights for optimizing Mg alloy welding to meet diverse structural needs.
摘要WE observe that the response speed of a linear timeinvariant system to a step reference input depends not only on the system parameters but also on the magnitude of the step input.Based on this observation,we demonstrate a method to schedule the magnitude of the reference input to achieve a faster response.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20280,62333007)Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Program under the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project(2025A0505020022)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(CUG240635)the“CUG Scholar”Scientific Research Funds at China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(2022029)JSPS(Japan Society for the Promotion of Science)KAKENHI(24K03325,25K07807)。
摘要Dear Editor,This letter introduces a novel Koopman-based equivalent-inputdisturbance(EID)approach to enhance tremor suppression performance.Since the first-order linear model used in the conventional EID approach cannot accurately describe the wrist-exoskeleton system,we propose a Koopman modeling framework to construct a high-precision linear model.Furthermore,we incorporate an additional gain parameter into the EID estimator to improve the tremor suppression performance.Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of our approach.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51804232)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.2212041)+1 种基金supported by the Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities)(FRF-IDRY-20-020)GIMRT Program of the Institute for Materials Research,Tohoku University(202303-RDKGE-0518).
摘要Low heat input welding is widely used in the industry.The microstructure and toughness of the welded joints under low heat input conditions have received less attention than those under high heat input.The impact toughness,microstructure and failure mechanisms of the coarse-grain heat-affected zone(CGHAZ)in a micro-alloyed steel were investigated by welding thermal simulation with the heat input ranging from 15 to 65 kJ/cm.The impact toughness of CGHAZ is highly sensitive to variations in low heat input.The failure mechanisms were discussed from the viewpoints of micro-voids formation and micro-cracks propagation.The micro-voids are preferred to be formed and grow at soft phase of grain boundary ferrite(GBF).At the heat inputs no more than 22 kJ/cm,martensite was dominantly formed,and the micro-cracks initiated from the GBF were propagated into the grain interiors,leading to the brittle fracture and low toughness.When the heat input was increased to 31.2 kJ/cm,granular bainite became the dominant constitute,causing cracks to deflect away from GBF and propagate into prior austenite grains.The high density high-angle and low-angle grain boundaries and the presence of retained austenite,effectively restricted the crack propagation,resulting in ductile fracture behavior and enhanced toughness.High heat input(62.3 kJ/cm)promoted coarse GBF formation,providing continuous paths for microcrack propagation.This direct intergranular crack progression caused brittle fracture and low toughness.Industrial cold cracking in the CGHAZ can thus be controlled by heat input optimization to maximize toughness.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62005108 and 62205134)Xuzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant No.KC23078)the Research and Innovation Plan for Graduate Students in Jiangsu Province,China(Grant Nos.KYCX253165 and KYCX243016)。
摘要Off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy(OA-ICOS)is an extremely sensitive technique for measuring trace gas concentrations.Nevertheless,recent research has indicated that when the reflectivity of the mirrors forming the cavity is excessively high,it affects the linearity between the absorption signal and concentration.In this study,the causes and limitations of this phenomenon are discussed based on the Beer-Lambert law and the law of light propagation within the cavity.A new equation is derived to describe the nonlinear relationship between the integral area of absorption spectra and gas concentration.The absorption spectra of CO2and CH4,measured under different experimental conditions and concentrations,were fitted with Voigt functions to obtain parameters such as peak values and integral areas,which were used to verify the theoretical derivation process and results.The experimental results demonstrate that the relationship between the area of the measured absorption spectra and the gas concentration is consistent with the new formula,with an average fitting correlation coefficient of 0.9998.Meanwhile,the experimental results also demonstrate that the effective optical path length indeed decreases with increasing concentration.Furthermore,the cavity reflectances(99.99644%at 6242.6 cm-1and 99.99833%at 6046.96 cm-1)derived from the fitting coefficient of the new concentration expression closely match the reflectances(99.99727%at 6242.6 cm-1and 99.99868%at 6046.96 cm-1)obtained by applying the classical formula to the spectra of the lowest gas concentration.These experimental results validate the theoretical deduction process and expression.This research provides insights for the theoretical and practical advancements of OA-ICOS,which is significant for advancing high-precision trace gas detection technology.
基金supported partially by the National Natural Science Foundation(No.62473344)the T-Flight Laboratory in ShanXi Province(No.GSFC2024NBKY05)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(No.2024JC-YBMS-054).
摘要This paper addresses the attitude tracking control problem for a 3-degree-of-freedom(DOF)helicopter subjected to both external and state-dependent internal disturbances.To counteract these disturbances,we propose an output feedback controller based on an extended state observer(ESO)that estimates state-dependent system uncertainties and attitude angle velocities.Additionally,we impose constraints on the control input and system state to enhance the safety of the 3-DOF helicopter system.Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
摘要To enhance the accuracy of short-term photovoltaic power output prediction and address issues such as insufficient spatial resolution of meteorological forecast data and weak generalization ability of models,this paper proposes a prediction method that integrates spatial downscaling meteorological data with a convolutional neural network(CNN)-iTransformer-long short-term memory(LSTM)model.First,the rime-optimized random forest regression algorithm(RIME-RF)is employed to perform spatial downscaling on numerical weather prediction(NWP)data,thereby improving its local applicability.Second,a CNN-iTransformer-LSTM hybrid prediction model is constructed.This model utilizes a CNN as a spatial feature extractor to capture local patterns in meteorological data,employs an iTransformer to model the global dependencies among multiple variables,and leverages an LSTM to enhance the learning of short-term temporal dynamic features,thereby achieving efficient collaborative mining of multi-scale features.Finally,experiments are conducted using actual data from a photovoltaic power station in Hebei,China,during various seasons and weather conditions.The results show that the proposed model outperforms the comparison models in terms of the root mean square error(RMSE),mean absolute error(MAE),and R2,maintaining high prediction accuracy and stability even under complex weather conditions such as overcast and rainy days.The downscaling process further enhances the prediction performance,verifying the effectiveness and practicality of this method.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Fundation of China under Grant Nos.62403263 and 62373207in part by the Natural Science Fundation of Qingdao,China under Grant No.24-4-4-zrjj-88-jch+1 种基金in part by the Team Plan for Youth Innovation of Universities in Shandong Province under Grant No.2024KJH148in part by the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Autonomous Systems and Networked Control(South China University of Technology),Ministry of Education under Grant No.2024A01.
摘要In this paper,we study the issue of controlling a rotating flexible body-beam system(RFBBS)which consists of a tip mass attached to the free-end and a rigid disk attached to the clamped-end of an Euler-Bernoulli beam.The boundary control input is affected by both unknown disturbance and nonlinear input backlash.First,the input backlash is considered as desired control input combined with a nonlinear input error,converting it to an external disturbance,and then,the control signal is designed through the energy-based control method.Next,the closed-loop system’s stability is analysed through Lyapunov direct method.Finally,the efficacy of the proposed control scheme is tested through numerical simulations utilizing the finite difference method.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62403226,62176111,62333004)in part by the Doctoral Research Initiation foundation of Liaoning Province,China under Grant No.2021-BS-260+4 种基金in part by the general project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education under Grant No.LIKZ0627the Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program(Overseas),in part by the“Xingliao Talent Plan”for young top talents under Grant No.XLYC2203188the 2024 Fundamental Research Funding of the Educational Department of Liaoning Province under Grant No.LJZZ222410154006the 2023 Education Department Basic Research Project(Youth Project)under Grant No.JYTQN2023225the 2024 Fundamental Research Funding of the Educational Department of Liaoning Province under Grant No.LJZZ222410154001.
摘要This article investigates the adaptive neural network predefined-time consensus control problem for fractional-order multiagent systems(MASs)with output constraints.Due to the unknown nonlinear dynamics and unmeasurable states in fractional-order MASs,neural networks are employed to identify the unknown nonlinear functions,and the neural network state observers are designed to estimate the unmeasurable states.In addition,a predefined-time stabilization criterion for fractional-order MASs is introduced.The barrier Lyapunov function is introduced to address the output constraint problem,and an event-triggered mechanism with a switching threshold is proposed to conserve communication resources.Then,by combining the fractional-order dynamic surface control design approach with predefined-time theory,an adaptive predefined-time control scheme based on event-triggered control is proposed.Finally,it is demonstrated that the controlled system achieves semi-global practical predefined-time stability(SGPPTS),with all signals remaining bounded.The effectiveness of the proposed theory and method is demonstrated through simulation results.
摘要This paper proposes a robust control-oriented identification method for errors-in-variables(EIV)systems in output feedbacks using frequency-response(FR)experimental data.An important relation between such a closed-loop EIV system and its coprime factor(CF)uncertainty description is first derived,based on which the FR measurements suitable for plant CF identification are able to be generated.Different factorizations of a given controller in the closed-loop system can be made best use to adjust right coprime factors(RCFs)of the plant so as to realize an improvement on the signal-to-noise ratio of identification experimental data.Subsequently,a nominal RCF model is estimated by linear matrix inequalities from the applicable FR measurements and its associated worst-case errors are quantified from a priori and a posteriori information on the underlying system.A resulting RCF perturbation model set can then be described by the nominal RCF model and its worst-case error bounds.Such a model set capable of being stabilized by the given controller is ready for its robust stabilizing controller redesign and robust performance analysis.Finally,a numerical simulation is given to show the efficacy of the proposed identification method.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2025M771696)。
摘要Uncertain loads of the rigid-soft hybrid manipulator directly affect working configurations,which will alter the system model parameters,and thereby degrade control accuracy and efficiency.This paper introduces an event-triggered adaptive model predictive control strategy,which integrates with a data-driven approach to control hybrid robots with a cable-driven soft component.In the presence of model uncertainty and mismatch,adaptive identification is employed to improve the nominal model within the controller.Meanwhile,an event-triggered scheme is utilized to reduce redundant identification frequency and improve computing efficiency.Furthermore,an online data-driven method,called input mapping,uses the relationship between the historical input and output data to compensate for the minor model error in the controller via linear combination.The optimization problem is efficiently solved by designing the attenuation coefficient in an infinite-domain situation.Comparative simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves improved accuracy and faster convergence speed.
摘要BACKGROUND The recent Cardiac Output in Patients with Small Annuli Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation with Self-Expanding vs Balloon Expandable Valve(COPS-TAVI)study provided some insights into the differences in cardiac output in patients with small aortic annuli undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI)according to the implanted platform:Balloon-expandable(BEV)vs self-expanding valves(SEV).AIM To investigate the understudied role of atrial fibrillation(AF)on cardiac output in patients undergoing TAVI.METHODS The COPS-TAVI study enrolled consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis and small annuli who underwent successful TAVI.Cardiac output was measured using echocardiography within 4 weeks following TAVI.Data were analyzed according to the presence of AF and stratified by SEV or BEV.RESULTS A total of 138 patients were included in the analysis,of whom 22%had AF.Cardiac output was significantly lower in patients with AF compared to those without it(4.6 L/minute vs 5.3 L/minute,P=0.02).Consistent with the main study findings,the difference in cardiac output was evident among patients without AF who underwent SEV vs BEV(P0.05).There was no difference in clinical outcomes between the two groups.CONCLUSION Cardiac output,as measured by echocardiography,was larger in patients with small annuli who underwent TAVI procedure with SEV compared to BEV in patients without AF.This observation should be considered during procedural planning.