Osteoarthritis(OA)is a prevalent chronic degenerative joint disease that significantly impacts the quality of life for over 500 million individuals affected.OA is increasingly recognized as a whole-joint disorder char...Osteoarthritis(OA)is a prevalent chronic degenerative joint disease that significantly impacts the quality of life for over 500 million individuals affected.OA is increasingly recognized as a whole-joint disorder characterized by complex biochemical and cellular changes across various joint tissues.However,traditional approaches such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)and corticosteroids often fall short in halting disease progression or restoring joint function.Thereby,recent innovations in OA management are focused on underlying pathophysiology,driving the development of regenerative therapies,targeted antiinflammatory agents and senolytic or senomorphic approaches.Accordingly,this paper reviews current progress in these areas by integrating evidence from clinical and pre-clinical studies to clarify therapeutic limitations,unresolved mechanistic and phenotypic gaps and the emerging strategies required to advance disease-modifying therapy in OA.It further outlines pathways toward precision,phenotype-aligned interventions,an integration that current literature has not yet consolidated.展开更多
Karst landscapes are developed on soluble rocks(primarily limestone),covering about 10-15%of Earth’s ice-free land surface(Ford and Williams,2007).Their unique geological properties have given rise to complex,heterog...Karst landscapes are developed on soluble rocks(primarily limestone),covering about 10-15%of Earth’s ice-free land surface(Ford and Williams,2007).Their unique geological properties have given rise to complex,heterogeneous,and“island-like”habitats that,combined with periodic drought,high calcium,and lownutrient stresses,foster high species diversity and endemism(Clements et al.,2006;Hao et al.,2015;Oliver et al.,2017;Monro et al.,2018).These conditions make karst ecosystems ideal“natural laboratories”for studying speciation and adaptive evolution(Clements et al.,2006;Oliver et al.,2017).展开更多
This study integrates multiple sources of data(transaction data,policy text,public opinion data)with visualization techniques(such as heat maps,time-series trend charts,3D building brochures)to construct an analysis f...This study integrates multiple sources of data(transaction data,policy text,public opinion data)with visualization techniques(such as heat maps,time-series trend charts,3D building brochures)to construct an analysis framework for the Chengdu real estate market.By using the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)prediction model,spatial GIS(Geographic Information System analysis)analysis,and interactive dashboards,this study reveals market differentiation,policy impacts,and changes in demand structure,thereby providing decision support for the government,enterprises,and homebuyers.展开更多
Jordan possesses considerable geothermal resources,predominantly within the low-enthalpy range(generally below 100˚C),which are well suited for directuse applications such as space heating,greenhouse agriculture,aquac...Jordan possesses considerable geothermal resources,predominantly within the low-enthalpy range(generally below 100˚C),which are well suited for directuse applications such as space heating,greenhouse agriculture,aquaculture,and balneological activities rather than large-scale electricity generation.These resources occur mainly as hot springs and geothermal wells distributed across several geothermal fields,with temperatures ranging from approximately 27˚C to 70˚C.Despite this potential,geothermal energy remains largely underutilized within Jordan’s national energy mix.This study investigates public perception and expert perspectives on geothermal energy as a pathway toward sustainable development in Jordan.A national survey involving 418 respondents was conducted to assess public awareness,acceptance,and willingness to adopt geothermal and other renewable energy technologies.The results indicate strong public interest in renewable energy utilization,although economic constraints,limited infrastructure,and insufficient institutional support remain key barriers.Complementary interviews with renewable energy experts confirm Jordan’s substantial geothermal potential while emphasizing the need for enhanced community awareness,supportive policy frameworks,and targeted investment.The findings highlight geothermal energy as a viable and sustainable solution for addressing Jordan’s energy challenges,particularly in reducing energy costs,supporting sustainable agriculture,and improving energy security.To fully realize these benefits,strategic measures are required,including regulatory modernization,investment incentives,stakeholder collaboration,and public outreach initiatives.Overall,geothermal energy emerges as an economically feasible and environmentally sustainable component of Jordan’s long-term energy transition strategy.展开更多
Papaya(Carica papaya L.)is an important tropical and subtropical fruit crop,and understanding its genome is essential for breeding.In this study,we assembled a high-quality genome of 344.17 Mb for the newly cultivated...Papaya(Carica papaya L.)is an important tropical and subtropical fruit crop,and understanding its genome is essential for breeding.In this study,we assembled a high-quality genome of 344.17 Mb for the newly cultivated papaya‘Zihui’,which contains 22250 proteincoding genes.By integrating 201 resequenced papaya genomes,we identified four distinct papaya groups and a 34 Mb genomic region with strong domestication selection signals.Within these regions,two key genes associated with papaya yield were discovered:Cp_zihui06549,encoding a leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase,and Cp_zihui06768,encoding the accumulation of photosystem one 1(APO1)protein.Heterologous expression of Cp_zihui06549 in tomato confirmed that the total number of fruits in transgenic lines more than doubled compared to wild-type plants,resulting in a significant yield increase.Furthermore,we constructed a pan-genome of papaya and obtained a 77.41 Mb nonreference sequence containing 1543 genes.Within this pan-genome,2483 variable genes,we detected,including four genes annotated as the‘terpene synthase activity’Gene Ontology term,which were lost in cultivars during domestication.Finally,gene retention analyses were performed using gene presence and absence variation data and differentially expressed genes across various tissues and organs.This study provides valuable insights into the genes and loci associated with phenotypes and domestication processes,laying a solid foundation for future papaya breeding efforts.展开更多
Proanthocyanidins(PAs),anthocyanins,and flavonols are key flavonoids that play diverse roles in plant physiology and human health.Despite originating from a shared biosynthetic pathway,the regulatory mechanisms of PA ...Proanthocyanidins(PAs),anthocyanins,and flavonols are key flavonoids that play diverse roles in plant physiology and human health.Despite originating from a shared biosynthetic pathway,the regulatory mechanisms of PA biosynthesis and the cooperative regulation of different kinds of flavonoids remain elusive,particularly in flower tissues or organs.Here,we elucidated the regulatory network governing PA biosynthesis in Freesia hybrida‘Red River®’by characterizing four TT2-type MYB transcription factors,designated FhMYBPAs.Phylogenetic analysis,subcellular localization,and transactivation assays predicted their roles as PA-related activators.Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between FhMYBPAs and PA accumulation in various floral tissues and development stages.Functional studies demonstrated that FhMYBPAs activated PA biosynthesis by directly binding to the promoters of target genes,which can be enhanced by FhTT8L.Additionally,a hierarchical and feedback regulatory model involving FhTTG1,FhMYB27,and FhMYBx was proposed for PA biosynthesis.Furthermore,comparative analysis of flavonoid-related MYB factors involving FhPAP1,FhMYB5,FhMYBF1,and FhMYB21L2 highlighted their roles in regulating PA,anthocyanin,and flavonol biosynthesis,with some exhibiting versatile regulations.Overall,our findings provide insights into the spatio-temporal regulation of flavonoids in flowers and expand our understanding of MYB-mediated transcriptional regulation of specialized metabolites in plants.展开更多
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in members of the Fabaceae family is highly efficient and beneficial for global agriculture,but not all species in this family form root nodules with rhizobial bacteria.Nodulation mainly oc...Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in members of the Fabaceae family is highly efficient and beneficial for global agriculture,but not all species in this family form root nodules with rhizobial bacteria.Nodulation mainly occurs in plants belonging to the Papilionoideae and Caesalpinioideae subfamilies(Tederso0 et al.,2018;van Velzen et al.,2019).Nodulation mechanisms in Fabaceae are well studied(Yang et al.,2022),and genomic comparisons of nodulating and non-nodulating host species can provide valuable insights into the evolutionary and genetic basis of this key process.展开更多
The pear(Pyrus spp.),a perennial fruit tree,is subjected to genetic alterations over decades or even centuries to adapt to complex climatic and cultivation conditions.Genome-wide studies of deleterious mutations remai...The pear(Pyrus spp.),a perennial fruit tree,is subjected to genetic alterations over decades or even centuries to adapt to complex climatic and cultivation conditions.Genome-wide studies of deleterious mutations remain limited in perennial fruit trees,particularly regarding the effects of domestication on deleterious mutations.In this study,232 pear accessions were resequenced,and 9909773 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs),and 139335 deleterious mutation sites,were identified genome wide.A higher proportion of deleterious mutations in coding regions(1.4%)were observed in the pear genome than annual crops.During domestication,a reduction in deleterious mutations in Pyrus pyrifolia/P.bretschneideri was found to be associated with their decreases in selective sweep regions.Conversely,an increase in the number of deleterious mutations in P.communis was observed,which may be related to a higher occurrence within selective sweep regions.In P.ussuriensis,an overall increasing trend in deleterious mutations was identified,which was determined to be unrelated to domestication or gene introgression but instead linked to its relatively high heterozygosity.Differential deleterious mutation genes were identified during the domestication process.Among these,the PyMYC2 gene,associated with stone cell synthesis,was identified through GWAS,overexpression of PyMYC2 in pear callus significantly promoter lignin biosynthesis,PyMYC2 contains three nonsynonymous deleterious mutations that were selected during the domestication of Asian pears.This research provides new insights into developing future breeding strategies aimed at improving agronomic traits and offers a framework for studying deleterious mutation patterns in the domestication of perennial fruit trees.展开更多
Autophagy plays a crucial role in axon regeneration by maintaining cellular homeostasis and promoting the clearance of damaged organelles and proteins,which is essential for the growth and repair of axons.In response ...Autophagy plays a crucial role in axon regeneration by maintaining cellular homeostasis and promoting the clearance of damaged organelles and proteins,which is essential for the growth and repair of axons.In response to axonal injury,autophagy is upregulated to facilitate the removal of cellular debris and support the recycling of essential components needed for regeneration.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries are at the forefront of modern energy storage technology.However,the accumulation of by-products such as ethylene and carbon dioxide during charging and discharging cycles reduces battery effecti...Lithium-ion batteries are at the forefront of modern energy storage technology.However,the accumulation of by-products such as ethylene and carbon dioxide during charging and discharging cycles reduces battery effective capacity and threatens large-scale safe performance.With significant advantages over ethylene carbonate(EC)electrolytes,fluorinated electrolytes can more effectively suppress internal gas evolution,thereby improving battery safety and cycling stability.To reveal the mechanism behind gas formation in lithium-ion batteries,our study investigated the transport behavior and interfacial products of fluorinated electrolytes under various operation conditions,including electrode material and electrolyte composition.Innovatively,we applied the reaction network integrator ReacNetGenerator to the analysis of the solid electrolyte interface(SEI)in lithium batteries,providing more molecular fingerprint information from the perspective of specific products.Using reactive molecular dynamics(MD)simulations with the ReaxFF force field and EChemDID,complemented by density functional theory(DFT)calculations,our results demonstrate that fluorinated electrolytes can effectively suppress the decomposition of LiPF6 to produce toxic gases PFs and PF_3.DFT analysis further reveals that highly fluorinated solvents(e.g.,FEMC)enhance the anti-reduction stability of PF6~-through synergistic regulation of molecular orbital energy levels,thermodynamic electron affinity,charge transfer,and electrostatic potential distribution,thereby mitigating LiPF6 decomposition.Additionally,fluorinated electrolytes generate significantly more LiF components than non-fluorinated ones to promote the formation of a stable and durable solid electrolyte interface(SEI).Experimental validations via XPS and GC-MS confirm reduced CO2 generation and LiF-enriched SEI formation,aligning with simulation and DFT data.The findings provide valuable insights for the design of advanced electrolytes aimed at ensuring large-scale,safe energy storage solutions.展开更多
Iread with great interest the recent article by Shin,et al.[1]the authors present an important exploration into the use of drug-coated balloon(DCB)in patients aged≥75 years,a demographic increasingly encountered in m...Iread with great interest the recent article by Shin,et al.[1]the authors present an important exploration into the use of drug-coated balloon(DCB)in patients aged≥75 years,a demographic increasingly encountered in modern cardiovascular practice.The authors conducted a retrospective analysis involving 2050 elderly patients(aged≥75 years)undergoing successful percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).展开更多
The electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction(UOR)has emerged as an energy-efficient alternative to the traditional oxygen evolution reaction for hydrogen production,with mechanistic understanding being critical for th...The electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction(UOR)has emerged as an energy-efficient alternative to the traditional oxygen evolution reaction for hydrogen production,with mechanistic understanding being critical for the rational design of catalysts.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in in situ characterization techniques for elucidating the dynamic reaction mechanisms of UOR.Studies reveal that phase transitions,valence state migration,and electronic structure evolution of catalysts under operational conditions are key factors governing activity and stability.Techniques such as in situ X-ray diffraction,X-ray absorption spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy enable real-time monitoring of catalyst reconstruction,intermediate evolution,and interfacial adsorption behavior,overcoming the environmental deviations inherent in conventional ex situ characterization.When combined with theoretical calculations,these methods provide direct evidence for identifying active-site configurations,reaction pathways,and rate-determining steps.In addition,special emphasis is placed on multimodal in situ strategies for deciphering synergistic effects in nickel-based catalysts,while current challenges,including non-alkaline systems,real wastewater environments,and multi-metal cooperation mechanisms,are critically discussed.Future research should focus on developing novel in situ approaches for complex systems and establishing a mutually reinforcing framework integrating theoretical prediction and experimental validation,thereby advancing UOR catalyst design from empirical exploration to mechanism-guided optimization.展开更多
The donkey is an important livestock species that can provide milk,meat,and skin and belongs to the family Equus.The first genome of a male donkey was sequenced and de novo assembled using a whole-genome shotgun strat...The donkey is an important livestock species that can provide milk,meat,and skin and belongs to the family Equus.The first genome of a male donkey was sequenced and de novo assembled using a whole-genome shotgun strategy(Huang et al.,2015).Subsequently,the donkey genome showed greater improvement in continuity and chromosome length than a previous assembly(Renaud et al.,2018).展开更多
The objectives of this qualitative research were:(a)to analyze the challenges faced by English literature teachers in teaching English through literature curriculum in English as a foreign language(EFL)classrooms of M...The objectives of this qualitative research were:(a)to analyze the challenges faced by English literature teachers in teaching English through literature curriculum in English as a foreign language(EFL)classrooms of Myanmar;and(b)to examine the insights from stakeholders towards teaching English through literature curriculum in EFL classrooms of Myanmar.The samples were composed of 27 English literature teachers from specific Arts and Science Universities,six government officials and three local business leaders.They were selected through a purposive sampling method.The research conducted through a semi-structured interview,classroom observation,and focus group discussion.Content analysis and document analysis were used to analyze the data.The findings suggest that challenges can be categorized into three groups:student-related,teacher-related,and external factors.Additionally,the study highlights the importance of students’language proficiency,linguistic,and stylistic complexity of texts,and cultural familiarity in influencing the teaching-learning process.The results contribute to a better understanding of the challenges faced by English literature teachers in Myanmar,offering insights for the improvement of teaching practices in this context.展开更多
In recent years,with the increasing attention to issues related to carbon emissions,such as carbon tariffs and government netzero carbon emission policies,carbon emissions have become an important indicator that is be...In recent years,with the increasing attention to issues related to carbon emissions,such as carbon tariffs and government netzero carbon emission policies,carbon emissions have become an important indicator that is being prioritized by governments worldwide.The Google Environmental Insights Explorer(EIE)tool has been developed to facilitate the collection and integration of data in this context.This study focuses on Tainan City and utilizes EIE to analyze greenhouse gas emissions from transportation.By using EIE,the study obtains data on greenhouse gas emissions from transportation activities in Tainan City.EIE utilizes data collected by Google and simulation functions to estimate data based on actual measurements of transportation activities.This tool saves time and resources by eliminating the need for on-site investigations while providing data that closely represent the real emissions from transportation activities in urban areas.Transportation vehicles contribute to greenhouse gas emissions in two ways:through direct combustion of fossil fuels and through the consumption of electricity in electric vehicles(EVs).The level of greenhouse gas emissions in a city’s transportation industry depends on factors such as transportation modes,fuel types,fleet age and energy efficiency,total distance traveled,and annual mileage.EIE estimates the greenhouse gas emissions from Tainan City’s transportation industry in 2022 to be 3,320,000 metric tons,including emissions from buses,motorcycles,cars,walking,railways,bicycles,and other modes of transportation.展开更多
With people living longer,the societal impact of age-related cognitive decline is becoming more pronounced(Crimmins,2015).Thus,it is increasingly important to comprehend the cognitive shifts linked to aging-whether th...With people living longer,the societal impact of age-related cognitive decline is becoming more pronounced(Crimmins,2015).Thus,it is increasingly important to comprehend the cognitive shifts linked to aging-whether they are physiological or pathological.展开更多
Very long chain-saturated and-polyunsaturated fatty acids(VLC-SFA and VLC-PUFA, respectively) are a functionally important class of fatty acids containing 28 carbons or more in their acyl chain. They are synthesized b...Very long chain-saturated and-polyunsaturated fatty acids(VLC-SFA and VLC-PUFA, respectively) are a functionally important class of fatty acids containing 28 carbons or more in their acyl chain. They are synthesized by the elongation of very long fatty acids-4(ELOVL4) enzyme, expressed mainly in the brain, retina, skin, testes, and meibomian gland, where these fatty acids are found(Agbaga et al., 2008). Further, these organs exhibit tissuespecific VLC-PUFA and VLC-SFA biosynthesis and incorporation into complex lipids for specific functions. In the brain, skin, and Meibomian glands, the ELOVL4 mainly makes VLC-SFA, which are incorporated into complex sphingolipids. In the retina, the ELOVL4 makes VLC-PUFA that are incorporated into phosphatidylcholine, that are critical for visual function, while in testes and sperm, the VLC-PUFA are incorporated into sphingolipids that are critical for fertility(Yeboah et al., 2021).展开更多
Watermelons used for seed consumption tend to have larger seeds,whereas watermelons used for flesh consumption often require relatively small seeds.Therefore,watermelon seed size has received extensive attention from ...Watermelons used for seed consumption tend to have larger seeds,whereas watermelons used for flesh consumption often require relatively small seeds.Therefore,watermelon seed size has received extensive attention from consumers and breeders.However,the natural variation and genetic mechanism of watermelon seed size remain unclear.In the present study,100-seed weight,seed hilum length,seed length,seed width,and seed thickness were examined in 197 watermelon accessions.Furthermore,association analysis was performed between seed size traits and high-quality SNP data.The results revealed that there were strong correlations among the five seed traits,and seed enlargement was an important feature during watermelon seed size domestication.The seedconsumed biological species Citrullus mucosospermus and the edible seed watermelon Citrullus lanatus had significantly larger seeds than the other species.Eleven non-repeating significant SNPs above the threshold line were obtained from GWAS analysis.Four SNPs on chromosome 5 were considered to be closely associated with seed size traits(S5:32250307,S5:32250454,S5:32256177,and S5:32260870)and could be used as potential molecular markers for the breeding of watermelon cultivars with a target seed size.In addition,based on gene annotation information and previous reports,five genes near the four significant SNPsmay regulate seed size.qRT-PCR analysis showed that two genes that may be involved in abscisic acid metabolism,Cla97C05G104360 and Cla97C05G104380,may play an important role in regulating watermelon seed size.Our findings provide molecular insights into natural variation in watermelon seed size and valuable information for molecular marker-assisted breeding.展开更多
Studies on the selective retinal degeneration induced by sodium iodate (NaIO3) date back to 1941; Sorsby (1941) described the effect of intravenously injected NaIO3 solution on the rabbit retina. Since then, NaIO3...Studies on the selective retinal degeneration induced by sodium iodate (NaIO3) date back to 1941; Sorsby (1941) described the effect of intravenously injected NaIO3 solution on the rabbit retina. Since then, NaIO3-induced retinal degeneration has been described in different mammalian species including sheep, rabbit, rat and mouse with varying doses and routes of administration. At the present time,展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1207500)to D.CShenzhen Medical Research Fund B2502005 to D.C+1 种基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)grant(82394445)to D.CShenzhen Science and Technology Research Fund(JCYJ20220818101414032)to L.T.
摘要Osteoarthritis(OA)is a prevalent chronic degenerative joint disease that significantly impacts the quality of life for over 500 million individuals affected.OA is increasingly recognized as a whole-joint disorder characterized by complex biochemical and cellular changes across various joint tissues.However,traditional approaches such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)and corticosteroids often fall short in halting disease progression or restoring joint function.Thereby,recent innovations in OA management are focused on underlying pathophysiology,driving the development of regenerative therapies,targeted antiinflammatory agents and senolytic or senomorphic approaches.Accordingly,this paper reviews current progress in these areas by integrating evidence from clinical and pre-clinical studies to clarify therapeutic limitations,unresolved mechanistic and phenotypic gaps and the emerging strategies required to advance disease-modifying therapy in OA.It further outlines pathways toward precision,phenotype-aligned interventions,an integration that current literature has not yet consolidated.
基金equally funded by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2571210)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences(KIBXD202401)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32471734)the Yuelushan Laboratory Breeding Projectthe Caiyun Postdoctoral Program of Yunnan Province。
摘要Karst landscapes are developed on soluble rocks(primarily limestone),covering about 10-15%of Earth’s ice-free land surface(Ford and Williams,2007).Their unique geological properties have given rise to complex,heterogeneous,and“island-like”habitats that,combined with periodic drought,high calcium,and lownutrient stresses,foster high species diversity and endemism(Clements et al.,2006;Hao et al.,2015;Oliver et al.,2017;Monro et al.,2018).These conditions make karst ecosystems ideal“natural laboratories”for studying speciation and adaptive evolution(Clements et al.,2006;Oliver et al.,2017).
基金Chengdu City Philosophy and Social Sciences Research Center“artificial intelligence+urban communication”theory and Application Research Center Project“Chengdu real estate vertical market public opinion data visualization research”(Project No.RZCC2025017).
摘要This study integrates multiple sources of data(transaction data,policy text,public opinion data)with visualization techniques(such as heat maps,time-series trend charts,3D building brochures)to construct an analysis framework for the Chengdu real estate market.By using the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)prediction model,spatial GIS(Geographic Information System analysis)analysis,and interactive dashboards,this study reveals market differentiation,policy impacts,and changes in demand structure,thereby providing decision support for the government,enterprises,and homebuyers.
摘要Jordan possesses considerable geothermal resources,predominantly within the low-enthalpy range(generally below 100˚C),which are well suited for directuse applications such as space heating,greenhouse agriculture,aquaculture,and balneological activities rather than large-scale electricity generation.These resources occur mainly as hot springs and geothermal wells distributed across several geothermal fields,with temperatures ranging from approximately 27˚C to 70˚C.Despite this potential,geothermal energy remains largely underutilized within Jordan’s national energy mix.This study investigates public perception and expert perspectives on geothermal energy as a pathway toward sustainable development in Jordan.A national survey involving 418 respondents was conducted to assess public awareness,acceptance,and willingness to adopt geothermal and other renewable energy technologies.The results indicate strong public interest in renewable energy utilization,although economic constraints,limited infrastructure,and insufficient institutional support remain key barriers.Complementary interviews with renewable energy experts confirm Jordan’s substantial geothermal potential while emphasizing the need for enhanced community awareness,supportive policy frameworks,and targeted investment.The findings highlight geothermal energy as a viable and sustainable solution for addressing Jordan’s energy challenges,particularly in reducing energy costs,supporting sustainable agriculture,and improving energy security.To fully realize these benefits,strategic measures are required,including regulatory modernization,investment incentives,stakeholder collaboration,and public outreach initiatives.Overall,geothermal energy emerges as an economically feasible and environmentally sustainable component of Jordan’s long-term energy transition strategy.
基金supported by the‘Young and Middle-aged Academic Leaders’Training Fund Project of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant no.R2023PY-JX005)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant no.2022A1515010697)+1 种基金the Cultivation Project of Fruit Tree Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant no.23107)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project(Grant no.2023B03J1369).
摘要Papaya(Carica papaya L.)is an important tropical and subtropical fruit crop,and understanding its genome is essential for breeding.In this study,we assembled a high-quality genome of 344.17 Mb for the newly cultivated papaya‘Zihui’,which contains 22250 proteincoding genes.By integrating 201 resequenced papaya genomes,we identified four distinct papaya groups and a 34 Mb genomic region with strong domestication selection signals.Within these regions,two key genes associated with papaya yield were discovered:Cp_zihui06549,encoding a leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase,and Cp_zihui06768,encoding the accumulation of photosystem one 1(APO1)protein.Heterologous expression of Cp_zihui06549 in tomato confirmed that the total number of fruits in transgenic lines more than doubled compared to wild-type plants,resulting in a significant yield increase.Furthermore,we constructed a pan-genome of papaya and obtained a 77.41 Mb nonreference sequence containing 1543 genes.Within this pan-genome,2483 variable genes,we detected,including four genes annotated as the‘terpene synthase activity’Gene Ontology term,which were lost in cultivars during domestication.Finally,gene retention analyses were performed using gene presence and absence variation data and differentially expressed genes across various tissues and organs.This study provides valuable insights into the genes and loci associated with phenotypes and domestication processes,laying a solid foundation for future papaya breeding efforts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100211,32272751)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023 M740580)+2 种基金the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20220508112RC)Science and Technology Projects of HNTI(KY2022YC0003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2412023YQ005,2412024QD024).
摘要Proanthocyanidins(PAs),anthocyanins,and flavonols are key flavonoids that play diverse roles in plant physiology and human health.Despite originating from a shared biosynthetic pathway,the regulatory mechanisms of PA biosynthesis and the cooperative regulation of different kinds of flavonoids remain elusive,particularly in flower tissues or organs.Here,we elucidated the regulatory network governing PA biosynthesis in Freesia hybrida‘Red River®’by characterizing four TT2-type MYB transcription factors,designated FhMYBPAs.Phylogenetic analysis,subcellular localization,and transactivation assays predicted their roles as PA-related activators.Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between FhMYBPAs and PA accumulation in various floral tissues and development stages.Functional studies demonstrated that FhMYBPAs activated PA biosynthesis by directly binding to the promoters of target genes,which can be enhanced by FhTT8L.Additionally,a hierarchical and feedback regulatory model involving FhTTG1,FhMYB27,and FhMYBx was proposed for PA biosynthesis.Furthermore,comparative analysis of flavonoid-related MYB factors involving FhPAP1,FhMYB5,FhMYBF1,and FhMYB21L2 highlighted their roles in regulating PA,anthocyanin,and flavonol biosynthesis,with some exhibiting versatile regulations.Overall,our findings provide insights into the spatio-temporal regulation of flavonoids in flowers and expand our understanding of MYB-mediated transcriptional regulation of specialized metabolites in plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32160142)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(No.2023GXNSFDA026034)+3 种基金State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources(SKLCUSAb202302)to H.W.,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32460062)to Y.L.,and 1+9 Leading the Charge with Open Competition'project of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(1+9KJGG010)Fruit tree breeding project in Sichuan Province(2021YFYZ0023)to H.X.
摘要Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in members of the Fabaceae family is highly efficient and beneficial for global agriculture,but not all species in this family form root nodules with rhizobial bacteria.Nodulation mainly occurs in plants belonging to the Papilionoideae and Caesalpinioideae subfamilies(Tederso0 et al.,2018;van Velzen et al.,2019).Nodulation mechanisms in Fabaceae are well studied(Yang et al.,2022),and genomic comparisons of nodulating and non-nodulating host species can provide valuable insights into the evolutionary and genetic basis of this key process.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(nos 32230097 and 32172531)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(no.2022YFD1200503)+2 种基金the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-28)the Earmarked Fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System JATS[2023]412the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Young Scholar(no.BK20221010).
摘要The pear(Pyrus spp.),a perennial fruit tree,is subjected to genetic alterations over decades or even centuries to adapt to complex climatic and cultivation conditions.Genome-wide studies of deleterious mutations remain limited in perennial fruit trees,particularly regarding the effects of domestication on deleterious mutations.In this study,232 pear accessions were resequenced,and 9909773 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs),and 139335 deleterious mutation sites,were identified genome wide.A higher proportion of deleterious mutations in coding regions(1.4%)were observed in the pear genome than annual crops.During domestication,a reduction in deleterious mutations in Pyrus pyrifolia/P.bretschneideri was found to be associated with their decreases in selective sweep regions.Conversely,an increase in the number of deleterious mutations in P.communis was observed,which may be related to a higher occurrence within selective sweep regions.In P.ussuriensis,an overall increasing trend in deleterious mutations was identified,which was determined to be unrelated to domestication or gene introgression but instead linked to its relatively high heterozygosity.Differential deleterious mutation genes were identified during the domestication process.Among these,the PyMYC2 gene,associated with stone cell synthesis,was identified through GWAS,overexpression of PyMYC2 in pear callus significantly promoter lignin biosynthesis,PyMYC2 contains three nonsynonymous deleterious mutations that were selected during the domestication of Asian pears.This research provides new insights into developing future breeding strategies aimed at improving agronomic traits and offers a framework for studying deleterious mutation patterns in the domestication of perennial fruit trees.
摘要Autophagy plays a crucial role in axon regeneration by maintaining cellular homeostasis and promoting the clearance of damaged organelles and proteins,which is essential for the growth and repair of axons.In response to axonal injury,autophagy is upregulated to facilitate the removal of cellular debris and support the recycling of essential components needed for regeneration.
基金funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52302302)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0208000)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Special Funds of Tongji University for“Sino-German Cooperation 2.0 Strategy”。
摘要Lithium-ion batteries are at the forefront of modern energy storage technology.However,the accumulation of by-products such as ethylene and carbon dioxide during charging and discharging cycles reduces battery effective capacity and threatens large-scale safe performance.With significant advantages over ethylene carbonate(EC)electrolytes,fluorinated electrolytes can more effectively suppress internal gas evolution,thereby improving battery safety and cycling stability.To reveal the mechanism behind gas formation in lithium-ion batteries,our study investigated the transport behavior and interfacial products of fluorinated electrolytes under various operation conditions,including electrode material and electrolyte composition.Innovatively,we applied the reaction network integrator ReacNetGenerator to the analysis of the solid electrolyte interface(SEI)in lithium batteries,providing more molecular fingerprint information from the perspective of specific products.Using reactive molecular dynamics(MD)simulations with the ReaxFF force field and EChemDID,complemented by density functional theory(DFT)calculations,our results demonstrate that fluorinated electrolytes can effectively suppress the decomposition of LiPF6 to produce toxic gases PFs and PF_3.DFT analysis further reveals that highly fluorinated solvents(e.g.,FEMC)enhance the anti-reduction stability of PF6~-through synergistic regulation of molecular orbital energy levels,thermodynamic electron affinity,charge transfer,and electrostatic potential distribution,thereby mitigating LiPF6 decomposition.Additionally,fluorinated electrolytes generate significantly more LiF components than non-fluorinated ones to promote the formation of a stable and durable solid electrolyte interface(SEI).Experimental validations via XPS and GC-MS confirm reduced CO2 generation and LiF-enriched SEI formation,aligning with simulation and DFT data.The findings provide valuable insights for the design of advanced electrolytes aimed at ensuring large-scale,safe energy storage solutions.
摘要Iread with great interest the recent article by Shin,et al.[1]the authors present an important exploration into the use of drug-coated balloon(DCB)in patients aged≥75 years,a demographic increasingly encountered in modern cardiovascular practice.The authors conducted a retrospective analysis involving 2050 elderly patients(aged≥75 years)undergoing successful percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).
摘要The electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction(UOR)has emerged as an energy-efficient alternative to the traditional oxygen evolution reaction for hydrogen production,with mechanistic understanding being critical for the rational design of catalysts.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in in situ characterization techniques for elucidating the dynamic reaction mechanisms of UOR.Studies reveal that phase transitions,valence state migration,and electronic structure evolution of catalysts under operational conditions are key factors governing activity and stability.Techniques such as in situ X-ray diffraction,X-ray absorption spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy enable real-time monitoring of catalyst reconstruction,intermediate evolution,and interfacial adsorption behavior,overcoming the environmental deviations inherent in conventional ex situ characterization.When combined with theoretical calculations,these methods provide direct evidence for identifying active-site configurations,reaction pathways,and rate-determining steps.In addition,special emphasis is placed on multimodal in situ strategies for deciphering synergistic effects in nickel-based catalysts,while current challenges,including non-alkaline systems,real wastewater environments,and multi-metal cooperation mechanisms,are critically discussed.Future research should focus on developing novel in situ approaches for complex systems and establishing a mutually reinforcing framework integrating theoretical prediction and experimental validation,thereby advancing UOR catalyst design from empirical exploration to mechanism-guided optimization.
基金supported by the Third National Census of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources(K4050422227)the 2020 Scientist plus Engineer program of Shaanxi Province of Chinathe Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund(K3030922098).
摘要The donkey is an important livestock species that can provide milk,meat,and skin and belongs to the family Equus.The first genome of a male donkey was sequenced and de novo assembled using a whole-genome shotgun strategy(Huang et al.,2015).Subsequently,the donkey genome showed greater improvement in continuity and chromosome length than a previous assembly(Renaud et al.,2018).
摘要The objectives of this qualitative research were:(a)to analyze the challenges faced by English literature teachers in teaching English through literature curriculum in English as a foreign language(EFL)classrooms of Myanmar;and(b)to examine the insights from stakeholders towards teaching English through literature curriculum in EFL classrooms of Myanmar.The samples were composed of 27 English literature teachers from specific Arts and Science Universities,six government officials and three local business leaders.They were selected through a purposive sampling method.The research conducted through a semi-structured interview,classroom observation,and focus group discussion.Content analysis and document analysis were used to analyze the data.The findings suggest that challenges can be categorized into three groups:student-related,teacher-related,and external factors.Additionally,the study highlights the importance of students’language proficiency,linguistic,and stylistic complexity of texts,and cultural familiarity in influencing the teaching-learning process.The results contribute to a better understanding of the challenges faced by English literature teachers in Myanmar,offering insights for the improvement of teaching practices in this context.
摘要In recent years,with the increasing attention to issues related to carbon emissions,such as carbon tariffs and government netzero carbon emission policies,carbon emissions have become an important indicator that is being prioritized by governments worldwide.The Google Environmental Insights Explorer(EIE)tool has been developed to facilitate the collection and integration of data in this context.This study focuses on Tainan City and utilizes EIE to analyze greenhouse gas emissions from transportation.By using EIE,the study obtains data on greenhouse gas emissions from transportation activities in Tainan City.EIE utilizes data collected by Google and simulation functions to estimate data based on actual measurements of transportation activities.This tool saves time and resources by eliminating the need for on-site investigations while providing data that closely represent the real emissions from transportation activities in urban areas.Transportation vehicles contribute to greenhouse gas emissions in two ways:through direct combustion of fossil fuels and through the consumption of electricity in electric vehicles(EVs).The level of greenhouse gas emissions in a city’s transportation industry depends on factors such as transportation modes,fuel types,fleet age and energy efficiency,total distance traveled,and annual mileage.EIE estimates the greenhouse gas emissions from Tainan City’s transportation industry in 2022 to be 3,320,000 metric tons,including emissions from buses,motorcycles,cars,walking,railways,bicycles,and other modes of transportation.
基金Clévio Nóbrega’s laboratory is funded by the Cure CSB projectthe Viljem Julijan Association for Children with Rare Diseases(Slovenia)+1 种基金the Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute(ABC-Ri)funded by CRESC Algarve 2020(Operation Code:ALG-01-0145-FEDER-072586)(to CN)。
摘要With people living longer,the societal impact of age-related cognitive decline is becoming more pronounced(Crimmins,2015).Thus,it is increasingly important to comprehend the cognitive shifts linked to aging-whether they are physiological or pathological.
基金supported by NEI/NIH R01 EY030513NIAMS/NIH R21-AR076035Multi-PI Team Science grant from Presbyterian Health Foundation。
摘要Very long chain-saturated and-polyunsaturated fatty acids(VLC-SFA and VLC-PUFA, respectively) are a functionally important class of fatty acids containing 28 carbons or more in their acyl chain. They are synthesized by the elongation of very long fatty acids-4(ELOVL4) enzyme, expressed mainly in the brain, retina, skin, testes, and meibomian gland, where these fatty acids are found(Agbaga et al., 2008). Further, these organs exhibit tissuespecific VLC-PUFA and VLC-SFA biosynthesis and incorporation into complex lipids for specific functions. In the brain, skin, and Meibomian glands, the ELOVL4 mainly makes VLC-SFA, which are incorporated into complex sphingolipids. In the retina, the ELOVL4 makes VLC-PUFA that are incorporated into phosphatidylcholine, that are critical for visual function, while in testes and sperm, the VLC-PUFA are incorporated into sphingolipids that are critical for fertility(Yeboah et al., 2021).
基金financially supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-ZFRI)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-25-03)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0100704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31672178 and 31471893)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(212300410312).
摘要Watermelons used for seed consumption tend to have larger seeds,whereas watermelons used for flesh consumption often require relatively small seeds.Therefore,watermelon seed size has received extensive attention from consumers and breeders.However,the natural variation and genetic mechanism of watermelon seed size remain unclear.In the present study,100-seed weight,seed hilum length,seed length,seed width,and seed thickness were examined in 197 watermelon accessions.Furthermore,association analysis was performed between seed size traits and high-quality SNP data.The results revealed that there were strong correlations among the five seed traits,and seed enlargement was an important feature during watermelon seed size domestication.The seedconsumed biological species Citrullus mucosospermus and the edible seed watermelon Citrullus lanatus had significantly larger seeds than the other species.Eleven non-repeating significant SNPs above the threshold line were obtained from GWAS analysis.Four SNPs on chromosome 5 were considered to be closely associated with seed size traits(S5:32250307,S5:32250454,S5:32256177,and S5:32260870)and could be used as potential molecular markers for the breeding of watermelon cultivars with a target seed size.In addition,based on gene annotation information and previous reports,five genes near the four significant SNPsmay regulate seed size.qRT-PCR analysis showed that two genes that may be involved in abscisic acid metabolism,Cla97C05G104360 and Cla97C05G104380,may play an important role in regulating watermelon seed size.Our findings provide molecular insights into natural variation in watermelon seed size and valuable information for molecular marker-assisted breeding.
基金supported in part by grants EY01545 and by core grant EY03040the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundationan unrestricted grant to the Department of Ophthalmology from Research to Prevent Blindness Inc.,New York,NY
摘要Studies on the selective retinal degeneration induced by sodium iodate (NaIO3) date back to 1941; Sorsby (1941) described the effect of intravenously injected NaIO3 solution on the rabbit retina. Since then, NaIO3-induced retinal degeneration has been described in different mammalian species including sheep, rabbit, rat and mouse with varying doses and routes of administration. At the present time,