Traditional dynamic analysis of mechanical structures,often limited to individual beams or plates,fails to fully capture their dynamic behaviors.In systems where space and mass are constrained,such as the battery supp...Traditional dynamic analysis of mechanical structures,often limited to individual beams or plates,fails to fully capture their dynamic behaviors.In systems where space and mass are constrained,such as the battery support structures in electric aircraft,conventional absorbers and isolators are insufficient for effective vibration control.This study simplifies the battery support structure of electric aircraft as an integrated composite beam consisting of three interconnected beams,and investigated its structural dynamics properties and nonlinear vibration control under thermal conditions caused by battery heat.The nonlinear vibration control is performed using the Nitinol steel wire ropes(Ni Ti-ST),with nonlinear damping properties.The natural frequencies of system are determined using the Rayleigh-Ritz technique.Theoretical results are validated through both Finite Element Method(FEM)and hammer tests.Moreover,the dynamic equations are derived using the Lagrange method and discretized via the Galerkin Truncation Method(GTM).The Harmonic Balance Method(HBM)is used to evaluate the vibration responses of the integrated model,with further verification through the Runge-Kutta Method(RKM).The experiments are conducted to corroborate the theoretical analysis.The results show that the system frequency changes in stages with the increase of the stiffness of the integrated composite beam connection.Especially in the case of varying environments,as the temperature increases,the frequency of system will first increase to a certain maximum value and then gradually decrease.Furthermore,the NiTi-ST effectively reduces vibration in the integrated composite beam,particularly under varying temperatures and external excitations.展开更多
In aerospace,nuclear power,and new energy vehicles industries,utilizing integrated metal components with extreme sizes and/or structures is crucial for achieving significant weight-saving,performance-improvement,and e...In aerospace,nuclear power,and new energy vehicles industries,utilizing integrated metal components with extreme sizes and/or structures is crucial for achieving significant weight-saving,performance-improvement,and excellent reliability.These components,made from metal sheets,rings,or tubes,exhibit characteristics like ultra-thin,ultra-thick,ultra-large,ultra-long,ultra-high ribs,and large variable diameters.During plastic de-formation in metal forming processes,defects such as ruptures,wrinkles,excessive strain differences,and un-expected weak performance areas are likely to occur due to the intersection of multiple effects in different research disciplines,including materials science,processes,and mechanics of materials.Consequently,the smooth forming of integrated parts is difficult.It is the first time to review,summarize,and analyze the ad-vancement of forming methods for producing integrated parts with extreme sizes and structures.The general academic ideas to change the process conditions and sequences to optimize stress state and improve plastic deformation ability for forming the components with extreme sizes/structures are introduced.Practical ex-amples,discussed in detail in the paper,include the forming of(i)integrated ultra-thin and ultra-thick sheet components;(ii)integrated ultra-large size ring components with thin wall and high ribs;and(iii)integrated ultra-long tube components with large perimeter difference.Various plasticity technologies and process se-quences have been developed.The key processes and applications of the technologies are discussed in detail,which achieve successful plastic forming of integrated components.This paper provides state-of-the-art and perspectives for the rapidly advancing material forming fields of key metal components for the next generation of equipment.展开更多
In the topology optimization of the multiscale structure,how to ensure the connectivity between adjacent microstructures,how to control the design space of microstructures,and how to reduce the amount of calculation a...In the topology optimization of the multiscale structure,how to ensure the connectivity between adjacent microstructures,how to control the design space of microstructures,and how to reduce the amount of calculation and improve calculation efficiency are three basic challenging issues currently faced.To this end,this paper proposes a data-driven approach to achieve the integrated optimization of macroscopic topology and microscopic configuration of the graded functional cellular structures.At the macro level,a topological description function is introduced to realize the topological control of the macrostructure.At the micro level,several cutting functions are used to realize the control of the configuration and size of the microstructure.The integrated optimization design of macro and micro cellular structures can be realized.Based on the computational homogenization method and numerical integration technology,an optimization problem independent offline microstructure database is established at the microscopic scale,where the relationship between the equivalent elastic parameters,relative pseudo-density,and design variables of the microstructure is stored.Based on this offline database,the entire topology optimization process is completed only on a macro scale,which greatly reduces the amount of calculation and improves calculation efficiency.In addition,implicit geometric modeling of full-scale cellular structures can be achieved using the reconstruction technique introduced in this work,which ensures smooth connection between adjacent microstructures.Finally,numerical examples are used to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm and the superiority of gradient cellular structures compared with single-scale structures.展开更多
An efficient data-driven numerical framework is developed for transient heat conduction analysis in thin-walled structures.The proposed approach integrates spectral time discretization with neural network approximatio...An efficient data-driven numerical framework is developed for transient heat conduction analysis in thin-walled structures.The proposed approach integrates spectral time discretization with neural network approximation,forming a spectral-integrated neural network(SINN)scheme tailored for problems characterized by long-time evolution.Temporal derivatives are treated through a spectral integration strategy based on orthogonal polynomial expansions,which significantly alleviates stability constraints associated with conventional time-marching schemes.A fully connected neural network is employed to approximate the temperature-related variables,while governing equa-tions and boundary conditions are enforced through a physics-informed loss formulation.Numerical investigations demonstrate that the proposed method maintains high accuracy even when large time steps are adopted,where standard numerical solvers often suffer from instability or excessive computational cost.Moreover,the framework exhibits strong robustness for ultrathin configurations with extreme aspect ratios,achieving relative errors on the order of 10−5 or lower.These results indicate that the SINN framework provides a reliable and efficient alternative for transient thermal analysis of thin-walled structures under challenging computational conditions.展开更多
To achieve extreme weight reduction in new energy vehicles,the deep integration of intelligent equipment with lightweighting strategies has catalyzed a paradigm shift.Light alloys,particularly aluminum and magnesium,h...To achieve extreme weight reduction in new energy vehicles,the deep integration of intelligent equipment with lightweighting strategies has catalyzed a paradigm shift.Light alloys,particularly aluminum and magnesium,have become pivotal materials.Compared to traditional high pressure die casting,integrated giga-casting demonstrates significant advancements,pushing the flow length-to-thickness ratio beyond 500 and requiring clamping forces exceeding 16,000 tons.Nevertheless,the complex physical metallurgy of large-scale structures remains insufficiently understood,which limits the formulation of process specifications and widespread industrial application.Particularly in chaotic filling environments,the intrinsic trade-offs among melt fluidity,solidification shrinkage,and mechanical integrity are difficult to control.To address these challenges,a comprehensive assessment of microstructural evolution and strengthening mechanisms under rapid solidification conditions is provided.Firstly,this paper reveals advanced strengthening mechanisms by detailing the decisive role of casting densification and nonequilibrium solute trapping in activating grain refinement,solid solution strengthening,and unique deformation twinning.Secondly,the distinctive technological evolution towards intelligent casting routes is clarified,demonstrating how thermal management and semi-solid technologies suppress internal porosity below 1.7%and elevate the ultimate tensile strength to the 250-450 MPa range.Furthermore,process optimization strategies are summarized based on material-process-intelligence synergy,including in situ sensing,millisecond-level artificial intelligence defect prediction,and digital twin frameworks.Finally,future development directions are outlined.This review aims to facilitate a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms,assist in formulating process specifications,and ultimately achieve a weight reduction of 15–20%for automotive structures.展开更多
To address the modeling fragmentation and predictive deviation caused by the conventional"singlemechanism,weakly coupled,additive response"approach in formation damage research,this study proposes an integra...To address the modeling fragmentation and predictive deviation caused by the conventional"singlemechanism,weakly coupled,additive response"approach in formation damage research,this study proposes an integrated modeling framework for multi-mechanism coupling throughout the entire drilling and completion process.Five dominant damage mechanisms are unified into a multi-physics formulation featuring a dual solid–liquid module architecture and a shared-state coupling mechanism.A structural-state integrated damage function(SSIDF)is introduced to establish a continuous mapping from microscopic mechanism evolution to macroscopic permeability degradation.A feedback network encompassing scaling,clay swelling,and water blocking is further developed,achieving bidirectional dynamic coupling among reaction kinetics,interfacial transport,and saturation fields,and representing one of the most systematic coupling schemes currently known.The model is solved via a space-time multi-scale optimization strategy,ensuring strong numerical stability and scalability.Field validation demonstrates a prediction accuracy of 98.6%,representing an improvement of over 8%compared to traditional additive models.The model is particularly applicable to unconventional reservoirs such as deepwater formations,where multi-mechanism damage evolves rapidly and conventional additive models fail to capture dynamic coupling behavior.展开更多
To detect space gravitational waves in the extremely low-frequency band,the telescope and optic-al platform require high stability and reliability.However,the cantilevered design presents challenges,espe-cially in the...To detect space gravitational waves in the extremely low-frequency band,the telescope and optic-al platform require high stability and reliability.However,the cantilevered design presents challenges,espe-cially in the glass-metal hetero-bonding process.This study focuses on the analysis and experimental re-search of the bonding layer in the integrated structure.By optimizing the structural configuration and select-ing suitable bonding processes,the reliability of the telescope system is enhanced.The research indicates that using J-133 adhesive achieves the best performance,with a bonding layer thickness of 0.30 mm and a metal substrate surface roughness of Ra 0.8.These findings significantly enhance the reliability of the optical sys-tem while minimizing potential risks.展开更多
Energy storage-equipped photovoltaic(PV-storage)systems can meet frequency regulation requirements under various operating conditions,and their coordinated support for grid frequency has become a future trend.To addre...Energy storage-equipped photovoltaic(PV-storage)systems can meet frequency regulation requirements under various operating conditions,and their coordinated support for grid frequency has become a future trend.To address frequency stability issues caused by low inertia and weak damping,this paper proposes a multi-timescale frequency regulation coordinated control strategy for PV-storage integrated systems.First,a self-synchronizing control strategy for grid-connected inverters is designed based on DC voltage dynamics,enabling active inertia support while transmitting frequency variation information.Next,an energy storage inertia support control strategy is developed to enhance the frequency nadir,and an active frequency support control strategy for PV system considering a frequency regulation deadband is proposed,where the deadband value is determined based on the power regulation margin of synchronous generators,allowing the PV-storage system to adaptively switch between inertia support and primary frequency regulation under different disturbance conditions.This approach ensures system frequency stability while fully leveraging the regulation capabilities of heterogeneous resources.Finally,the real-time digital simulation results of the PV-storage integrated system demonstrate that,compared to existing control methods,the proposed strategy effectively reduces the rate of change of frequency and improves the frequency nadir under various disturbance scenarios,verifying its effectiveness.展开更多
The integrated optimal design of mechanical and control system is discussed in terms of the performance requirement and configuration for the single arm flexible manipulator. By combination of dynamics of flexible str...The integrated optimal design of mechanical and control system is discussed in terms of the performance requirement and configuration for the single arm flexible manipulator. By combination of dynamics of flexible structure and control theory, a PD feedback control system, which minimizes the settling time, has been designed. Then, the viable region of poles of the PD dosed-loop control system is decided according to overshoot and the settling time, and an integrated optimal model of structure and control of single arm manipulator is presented. Finally, the parameters of structure and control system are simultaneously optimized with respect to objective function induding the moment of inertia and the control effort of system.展开更多
This paper focuses on safety control measures during the construction process of large-span building structures. The article first Outlines the unique construction safety challenges faced by large-span structures due ...This paper focuses on safety control measures during the construction process of large-span building structures. The article first Outlines the unique construction safety challenges faced by large-span structures due to their large span, complex forces, and high construction precision requirements, comprehensively sorts out various possible safety risks during the construction process, and classifies them according to different types. The main manifestations of construction safety risks are analyzed in detail, including structural and support system hazards such as instability of temporary support systems and insufficient stability of the structure itself, construction live loads, prestressed tensioning and structural deformation control difficulties, as well as composite risks brought by environmental factors such as high-altitude operations and adverse weather. In response to the aforementioned risks, the paper focused on the core safety control measures during the construction process. Detailed practices for ensuring structural stability and support system safety through precise design, rigorous acceptance, and real-time monitoring are recommended. It discusses the key points of implementing strict construction load management and establishing a comprehensive deformation monitoring and early warning mechanism. And special control and technical solutions for high-altitude operations and environmental risks were developed. By introducing typical engineering cases, the detailed application, implementation effect and relevant precautions of the aforementioned control measures in real projects were analyzed, with the aim of providing practical references and theoretical basis for the safety management and risk control of similar large-span building construction.展开更多
Vibration control of building structures serves as a critical technical approach to enhance structural safety and operational performance. With the increasing prevalence of complex structures such as super-tall buildi...Vibration control of building structures serves as a critical technical approach to enhance structural safety and operational performance. With the increasing prevalence of complex structures such as super-tall buildings and large-span bridges, traditional methods—whether passive, actively triggered, or partially active control—are increasingly inadequate in adapting to environmental changes, exhibiting insufficient precision and poor resistance to disturbances. The application of intelligent technologies has introduced groundbreaking solutions for structural vibration control, leveraging advanced computational algorithms, smart materials, and sensor systems to enable autonomous problem detection, automated decision-making, and real-time adjustments. This paper first examines the fundamental principles and limitations of conventional vibration control methods, then underscores the importance of intelligent technologies. It thoroughly analyzes the advantages of core techniques—including fuzzy reasoning, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and deep learning—in system modeling and controller parameter optimization, while exploring their practical applications in engineering. Furthermore, it highlights the pivotal role of innovative materials (e.g., piezoelectric materials and shape-memory alloys) and advanced sensing technologies (e.g., fiber optic sensors and wireless sensor networks) in achieving precise dynamic response measurement and efficient operation, and discusses integrated design approaches combining material properties with sensing capabilities. The paper concludes with a detailed explanation of the overall architecture of the intelligent monitoring and control system, as well as the operational processes for real-time data acquisition and feedback control. Through several practical engineering cases, it further examines the specific application effectiveness of this technology in high-rise buildings and large-span bridges.展开更多
Vertical picking method is a predominate method used to harvest cotton crop.However,a vertical picking method may cause spindle bending of the cotton picker if spindles collide with stones on the cotton field.Thus,how...Vertical picking method is a predominate method used to harvest cotton crop.However,a vertical picking method may cause spindle bending of the cotton picker if spindles collide with stones on the cotton field.Thus,how to realize a precise height control of the cotton picker is a crucial issue to be solved.The objective of this study is to design a height control system to avoid the collision.To design it,the mathematical models are established first.Then a multi-objective optimization model represented by structure parameters and control parameters is proposed to take the pressure of chamber without piston,response time and displacement error of the height control system as the opti-mization objectives.An integrated optimization approach that combines optimization via simulation,particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing is proposed to solve the model.Simulation and experimental test results show that the proposed integrated optimization approach can not only reduce the pressure of chamber without piston,but also decrease the response time and displacement error of the height control system.展开更多
The finite element dynamic model for integrated structures containing distributed piezoelectric sensors and actuators ( S/As ) is formulated with a new piezoelectric plate bending element in this paper. The problem of...The finite element dynamic model for integrated structures containing distributed piezoelectric sensors and actuators ( S/As ) is formulated with a new piezoelectric plate bending element in this paper. The problem of active vibration control and suppression of integrated structures is investigated under constant gain negative velocity feedback control law. A general method for active vibration control and suppression of integrated structures is presented. Finally, numerical example is given to illustrate the validity of the method proposed in this paper.展开更多
This study pioneers the integrated fabrication of magnesium corrugated-core sandwich structures using wire-arc directed energy deposition(WA-DED).Two sandwich structures—V-type and X-type—were designed with optimize...This study pioneers the integrated fabrication of magnesium corrugated-core sandwich structures using wire-arc directed energy deposition(WA-DED).Two sandwich structures—V-type and X-type—were designed with optimized deposition paths to achieve comparable grain morphology while enhancing strength.The compression properties and failure modes of the two corrugated-core sandwich structures were examined through quasi-static compression tests.Results showed that the V-type structure exhibited a higher specific compressive strength(93 MPa∙cm3/g)than the X-type structure(72 MPa∙cm3/g).Both finite element analysis and experimental compression tests indicated that failure occurred at the midsection of the corrugated core.This work offers valuable insights for the efficient fabrication of high-strength corrugated-core sandwich structures.展开更多
One of the main problems in controlling the shape of active structures (AS) is to determine the actuations that drive the structure from the current state to the target state. Model-based methods such as stochastic ...One of the main problems in controlling the shape of active structures (AS) is to determine the actuations that drive the structure from the current state to the target state. Model-based methods such as stochastic search require a known type of load and relatively long computational time, which limits the practical use of AS in civil engineering. Moreover, additive errors may be produced because of the discrepancy between analytic models and real structures. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents a compound system called WAS, which combines AS with a wireless sensor and actuator network (WSAN). A bio-inspired control framework imitating the activity of the nervous systems of animals is proposed for WAS. A typical example is tested for verification. In the example, a triangular tensegrity prism that aims to maintain its original height is integrated with a WSAN that consists of a central controller, three actuators, and three sensors. The result demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed concept and control framework in cases of unknown loads that include different types, distributions, magnitudes, and directions. The proposed control framework can also act as a supplementary means to improve the efficiency and accuracy of control frameworks based on a common stochastic search.展开更多
Objective:The objective of this study is to explore the clinical effects of structured skin care plan of integrated Chinese and Western medicine in intervening elderly patients with incontinence-associated dermatitis(...Objective:The objective of this study is to explore the clinical effects of structured skin care plan of integrated Chinese and Western medicine in intervening elderly patients with incontinence-associated dermatitis(IAD).Materials and Methods:Totally,66 elderly patients with IAD were randomly divided into the experiment group(32 cases)and control group(34 cases).The control group was given routine nursing care,while the experiment group was given a structured skin care plan.The observational course was 2 weeks.The treatment efficiency and healing time were compared between the two groups.Results:After 2-week intervention,the total effective rate of the experiment group was higher than that of the control group(97.1%vs.78.1%,X2=3.913,P=0.048).The skin assessment tool score of the experiment group was lower than that of the control group(0.56±1.58 vs.1.75±2.46,Z=−−2.401,P=0.016).The healing time of the experiment group was shorter than that of the control group(7.29±4.76 days vs.10.69±6.36 days,Z=−2.280,P=0.026).Conclusion:The structured skin care plan of integrated Chinese and Western medicine showed a good effect in elderly IAD patients,and provided a reference for clinical treatment and care of elderly patients with IAD.展开更多
Considering the multiple challenges faced by stealth coatings in complex service environments,the development of multifunctional integrated microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) that combine efficient electromagnetic (...Considering the multiple challenges faced by stealth coatings in complex service environments,the development of multifunctional integrated microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) that combine efficient electromagnetic (EM) attenuation with environmental tolerance has become an urgent need.In this work,coral-like CoNi@Void@C microparticle (MP) with the yolk-shell structure was synthesized through a continuous process combining conventional solvothermal,sol-gel,oxidative self-polymerization,and acid etching.The precise construction of the magnetic core-cavity-carbon shell structure synergistically optimizes impedance matching and multiple loss mechanisms,endowing the material with outstanding microwave dissipation performance.A minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -81.24 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.21 GHz are achieved at an ultra-thin matching thickness (dm),and the excellent EM stealth capability is confirmed by a radar cross-section value of 51.82 dB m2.Additionally,the barrier effect of the cavity buffer layer and nonpolar carbon shell simultaneously endow it with low density,super-hydrophobicity,efficient photothermal conversion,corrosion resistance,and performance reinforcement for ionizing radiation shielding,demonstrating potential adaptability in various environments.This work provides a new paradigm for the next generation of environmentally adaptive MAMs through a three-level synergistic strategy of“morphology-cavity-interface”.展开更多
Research efforts on electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials.These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight,porous,and...Research efforts on electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials.These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight,porous,and hierarchical.Due to their porous nature,interfacial compatibility,and electrical conductivity,biomass materials hold significant potential as EMI shielding materials.Despite concerted efforts on the EMI shielding of biomass materials have been reported,this research area is still relatively new compared to traditional EMI shielding materials.In particular,a more comprehensive study and summary of the factors influencing biomass EMI shielding materials including the pore structure adjustment,preparation process,and micro-control would be valuable.The preparation methods and characteristics of wood,bamboo,cellulose and lignin in EMI shielding field are critically discussed in this paper,and similar biomass EMI materials are summarized and analyzed.The composite methods and fillers of various biomass materials were reviewed.this paper also highlights the mechanism of EMI shielding as well as existing prospects and challenges for development trends in this field.展开更多
The Jinqingding gold deposit in eastern Jiaodong is a significant gold mineralization within the Muping-Rushan metallogenic belt.This study integrates structural analysis and trace element geochemistry of sulphides to...The Jinqingding gold deposit in eastern Jiaodong is a significant gold mineralization within the Muping-Rushan metallogenic belt.This study integrates structural analysis and trace element geochemistry of sulphides to elucidate ore-controlling mechanisms and metallogenic models.The deposit occurs as pyrite-quartz veins and polymetallic sulphide veins/disseminations hosted in biotite monzonitic granite,controlled by the NNE-striking Jiangjunshi-Quhezhuang fault.Structural analysis reveals that mineralization was controlled by conjugate shear joints,tension fractures,and enéchelon faults formed under a tectonic stress field withσ1oriented NE-SW.LA-ICP-MS trace element analysis of pyrite reveals dual geochemical affinities—high-temperature magmatic signatures(elevated Co,Ni,Ti)and medium-low temperature hydrothermal signals(enriched As,Pb,Bi)—suggesting episodic fluid inputs from magmatic-hydrothermal and meteoric sources.Rare earth elements(REEs)are low in pyrite and show slight LREE enrichment.The results suggest that the main ore-controlling structures formed under a stress field withσ1oriented NE-SW during the Early Cretaceous,and the mineralization may be related to episodic fluid pulses,as reflected by the changes in trace elements during the crystallization of pyrite.Furthermore,this study reveals an NEE-trending set of potential ore-controlling structures for epizonal gold mineralization,which is of great significance for regional gold exploration in Jiaodong.展开更多
The autonomous grasping of flexible slings is a pivotal challenge for unmanned crane systems,primarily stemming fromthe slings’geometric indeterminacy,material compliance under load,and stochastic initial pose relati...The autonomous grasping of flexible slings is a pivotal challenge for unmanned crane systems,primarily stemming fromthe slings’geometric indeterminacy,material compliance under load,and stochastic initial pose relative to the hook.To address this challenge,we propose an intelligent hook system featuring a novel compound mechanical architecture.This architecture integrates a horizontal slewing mechanism for in-plane alignment with a self-locking worm-gear drive for secure grasping.A coordinated control strategy,employing a Fuzzy PID algorithm,ensures robust dynamic performance under variable loading conditions.Finite element analysis confirms structural integrity under a rated load of 500 kg,with a maximumstress of 344.34MPa.Experimental results demonstrate that the hook completes a full pick-and-release cycle in approximately 2 s for parallel slings,with a success rate exceeding 95%.This represents an approximately 60% improvement in operational efficiency over manual operation.This work provides a practical and efficient solution for automating flexible sling handling.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12272240)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program,China(No.XLYC2203197)。
摘要Traditional dynamic analysis of mechanical structures,often limited to individual beams or plates,fails to fully capture their dynamic behaviors.In systems where space and mass are constrained,such as the battery support structures in electric aircraft,conventional absorbers and isolators are insufficient for effective vibration control.This study simplifies the battery support structure of electric aircraft as an integrated composite beam consisting of three interconnected beams,and investigated its structural dynamics properties and nonlinear vibration control under thermal conditions caused by battery heat.The nonlinear vibration control is performed using the Nitinol steel wire ropes(Ni Ti-ST),with nonlinear damping properties.The natural frequencies of system are determined using the Rayleigh-Ritz technique.Theoretical results are validated through both Finite Element Method(FEM)and hammer tests.Moreover,the dynamic equations are derived using the Lagrange method and discretized via the Galerkin Truncation Method(GTM).The Harmonic Balance Method(HBM)is used to evaluate the vibration responses of the integrated model,with further verification through the Runge-Kutta Method(RKM).The experiments are conducted to corroborate the theoretical analysis.The results show that the system frequency changes in stages with the increase of the stiffness of the integrated composite beam connection.Especially in the case of varying environments,as the temperature increases,the frequency of system will first increase to a certain maximum value and then gradually decrease.Furthermore,the NiTi-ST effectively reduces vibration in the integrated composite beam,particularly under varying temperatures and external excitations.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52422510,52373320,52175360,50725517)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.2021QNRC001)+1 种基金the Key R&D Program of Hubei Province(Grant No.2024BAB080)Natural Science Foundation of Wuhan(Grant No.2024040801020257).
摘要In aerospace,nuclear power,and new energy vehicles industries,utilizing integrated metal components with extreme sizes and/or structures is crucial for achieving significant weight-saving,performance-improvement,and excellent reliability.These components,made from metal sheets,rings,or tubes,exhibit characteristics like ultra-thin,ultra-thick,ultra-large,ultra-long,ultra-high ribs,and large variable diameters.During plastic de-formation in metal forming processes,defects such as ruptures,wrinkles,excessive strain differences,and un-expected weak performance areas are likely to occur due to the intersection of multiple effects in different research disciplines,including materials science,processes,and mechanics of materials.Consequently,the smooth forming of integrated parts is difficult.It is the first time to review,summarize,and analyze the ad-vancement of forming methods for producing integrated parts with extreme sizes and structures.The general academic ideas to change the process conditions and sequences to optimize stress state and improve plastic deformation ability for forming the components with extreme sizes/structures are introduced.Practical ex-amples,discussed in detail in the paper,include the forming of(i)integrated ultra-thin and ultra-thick sheet components;(ii)integrated ultra-large size ring components with thin wall and high ribs;and(iii)integrated ultra-long tube components with large perimeter difference.Various plasticity technologies and process se-quences have been developed.The key processes and applications of the technologies are discussed in detail,which achieve successful plastic forming of integrated components.This paper provides state-of-the-art and perspectives for the rapidly advancing material forming fields of key metal components for the next generation of equipment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12372200 and 12072242)。
摘要In the topology optimization of the multiscale structure,how to ensure the connectivity between adjacent microstructures,how to control the design space of microstructures,and how to reduce the amount of calculation and improve calculation efficiency are three basic challenging issues currently faced.To this end,this paper proposes a data-driven approach to achieve the integrated optimization of macroscopic topology and microscopic configuration of the graded functional cellular structures.At the macro level,a topological description function is introduced to realize the topological control of the macrostructure.At the micro level,several cutting functions are used to realize the control of the configuration and size of the microstructure.The integrated optimization design of macro and micro cellular structures can be realized.Based on the computational homogenization method and numerical integration technology,an optimization problem independent offline microstructure database is established at the microscopic scale,where the relationship between the equivalent elastic parameters,relative pseudo-density,and design variables of the microstructure is stored.Based on this offline database,the entire topology optimization process is completed only on a macro scale,which greatly reduces the amount of calculation and improves calculation efficiency.In addition,implicit geometric modeling of full-scale cellular structures can be achieved using the reconstruction technique introduced in this work,which ensures smooth connection between adjacent microstructures.Finally,numerical examples are used to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm and the superiority of gradient cellular structures compared with single-scale structures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12422207 and 12372199).
摘要An efficient data-driven numerical framework is developed for transient heat conduction analysis in thin-walled structures.The proposed approach integrates spectral time discretization with neural network approximation,forming a spectral-integrated neural network(SINN)scheme tailored for problems characterized by long-time evolution.Temporal derivatives are treated through a spectral integration strategy based on orthogonal polynomial expansions,which significantly alleviates stability constraints associated with conventional time-marching schemes.A fully connected neural network is employed to approximate the temperature-related variables,while governing equa-tions and boundary conditions are enforced through a physics-informed loss formulation.Numerical investigations demonstrate that the proposed method maintains high accuracy even when large time steps are adopted,where standard numerical solvers often suffer from instability or excessive computational cost.Moreover,the framework exhibits strong robustness for ultrathin configurations with extreme aspect ratios,achieving relative errors on the order of 10−5 or lower.These results indicate that the SINN framework provides a reliable and efficient alternative for transient thermal analysis of thin-walled structures under challenging computational conditions.
基金supported by the following organizations:National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52475469,52375447)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(ZR2024ME255,ZR2024QE100).
摘要To achieve extreme weight reduction in new energy vehicles,the deep integration of intelligent equipment with lightweighting strategies has catalyzed a paradigm shift.Light alloys,particularly aluminum and magnesium,have become pivotal materials.Compared to traditional high pressure die casting,integrated giga-casting demonstrates significant advancements,pushing the flow length-to-thickness ratio beyond 500 and requiring clamping forces exceeding 16,000 tons.Nevertheless,the complex physical metallurgy of large-scale structures remains insufficiently understood,which limits the formulation of process specifications and widespread industrial application.Particularly in chaotic filling environments,the intrinsic trade-offs among melt fluidity,solidification shrinkage,and mechanical integrity are difficult to control.To address these challenges,a comprehensive assessment of microstructural evolution and strengthening mechanisms under rapid solidification conditions is provided.Firstly,this paper reveals advanced strengthening mechanisms by detailing the decisive role of casting densification and nonequilibrium solute trapping in activating grain refinement,solid solution strengthening,and unique deformation twinning.Secondly,the distinctive technological evolution towards intelligent casting routes is clarified,demonstrating how thermal management and semi-solid technologies suppress internal porosity below 1.7%and elevate the ultimate tensile strength to the 250-450 MPa range.Furthermore,process optimization strategies are summarized based on material-process-intelligence synergy,including in situ sensing,millisecond-level artificial intelligence defect prediction,and digital twin frameworks.Finally,future development directions are outlined.This review aims to facilitate a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms,assist in formulating process specifications,and ultimately achieve a weight reduction of 15–20%for automotive structures.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U23B2082)Oil&Gas Major Project(No.2025ZD1404600)supported by the China Scholarship Council(202406440017)for one year research at the University of Dundee。
摘要To address the modeling fragmentation and predictive deviation caused by the conventional"singlemechanism,weakly coupled,additive response"approach in formation damage research,this study proposes an integrated modeling framework for multi-mechanism coupling throughout the entire drilling and completion process.Five dominant damage mechanisms are unified into a multi-physics formulation featuring a dual solid–liquid module architecture and a shared-state coupling mechanism.A structural-state integrated damage function(SSIDF)is introduced to establish a continuous mapping from microscopic mechanism evolution to macroscopic permeability degradation.A feedback network encompassing scaling,clay swelling,and water blocking is further developed,achieving bidirectional dynamic coupling among reaction kinetics,interfacial transport,and saturation fields,and representing one of the most systematic coupling schemes currently known.The model is solved via a space-time multi-scale optimization strategy,ensuring strong numerical stability and scalability.Field validation demonstrates a prediction accuracy of 98.6%,representing an improvement of over 8%compared to traditional additive models.The model is particularly applicable to unconventional reservoirs such as deepwater formations,where multi-mechanism damage evolves rapidly and conventional additive models fail to capture dynamic coupling behavior.
摘要To detect space gravitational waves in the extremely low-frequency band,the telescope and optic-al platform require high stability and reliability.However,the cantilevered design presents challenges,espe-cially in the glass-metal hetero-bonding process.This study focuses on the analysis and experimental re-search of the bonding layer in the integrated structure.By optimizing the structural configuration and select-ing suitable bonding processes,the reliability of the telescope system is enhanced.The research indicates that using J-133 adhesive achieves the best performance,with a bonding layer thickness of 0.30 mm and a metal substrate surface roughness of Ra 0.8.These findings significantly enhance the reliability of the optical sys-tem while minimizing potential risks.
基金supported by the State Grid Corporation of China under Grant for Science and Technology Projects(No.SGNXJYOOZWJS2500029).
摘要Energy storage-equipped photovoltaic(PV-storage)systems can meet frequency regulation requirements under various operating conditions,and their coordinated support for grid frequency has become a future trend.To address frequency stability issues caused by low inertia and weak damping,this paper proposes a multi-timescale frequency regulation coordinated control strategy for PV-storage integrated systems.First,a self-synchronizing control strategy for grid-connected inverters is designed based on DC voltage dynamics,enabling active inertia support while transmitting frequency variation information.Next,an energy storage inertia support control strategy is developed to enhance the frequency nadir,and an active frequency support control strategy for PV system considering a frequency regulation deadband is proposed,where the deadband value is determined based on the power regulation margin of synchronous generators,allowing the PV-storage system to adaptively switch between inertia support and primary frequency regulation under different disturbance conditions.This approach ensures system frequency stability while fully leveraging the regulation capabilities of heterogeneous resources.Finally,the real-time digital simulation results of the PV-storage integrated system demonstrate that,compared to existing control methods,the proposed strategy effectively reduces the rate of change of frequency and improves the frequency nadir under various disturbance scenarios,verifying its effectiveness.
摘要The integrated optimal design of mechanical and control system is discussed in terms of the performance requirement and configuration for the single arm flexible manipulator. By combination of dynamics of flexible structure and control theory, a PD feedback control system, which minimizes the settling time, has been designed. Then, the viable region of poles of the PD dosed-loop control system is decided according to overshoot and the settling time, and an integrated optimal model of structure and control of single arm manipulator is presented. Finally, the parameters of structure and control system are simultaneously optimized with respect to objective function induding the moment of inertia and the control effort of system.
摘要This paper focuses on safety control measures during the construction process of large-span building structures. The article first Outlines the unique construction safety challenges faced by large-span structures due to their large span, complex forces, and high construction precision requirements, comprehensively sorts out various possible safety risks during the construction process, and classifies them according to different types. The main manifestations of construction safety risks are analyzed in detail, including structural and support system hazards such as instability of temporary support systems and insufficient stability of the structure itself, construction live loads, prestressed tensioning and structural deformation control difficulties, as well as composite risks brought by environmental factors such as high-altitude operations and adverse weather. In response to the aforementioned risks, the paper focused on the core safety control measures during the construction process. Detailed practices for ensuring structural stability and support system safety through precise design, rigorous acceptance, and real-time monitoring are recommended. It discusses the key points of implementing strict construction load management and establishing a comprehensive deformation monitoring and early warning mechanism. And special control and technical solutions for high-altitude operations and environmental risks were developed. By introducing typical engineering cases, the detailed application, implementation effect and relevant precautions of the aforementioned control measures in real projects were analyzed, with the aim of providing practical references and theoretical basis for the safety management and risk control of similar large-span building construction.
摘要Vibration control of building structures serves as a critical technical approach to enhance structural safety and operational performance. With the increasing prevalence of complex structures such as super-tall buildings and large-span bridges, traditional methods—whether passive, actively triggered, or partially active control—are increasingly inadequate in adapting to environmental changes, exhibiting insufficient precision and poor resistance to disturbances. The application of intelligent technologies has introduced groundbreaking solutions for structural vibration control, leveraging advanced computational algorithms, smart materials, and sensor systems to enable autonomous problem detection, automated decision-making, and real-time adjustments. This paper first examines the fundamental principles and limitations of conventional vibration control methods, then underscores the importance of intelligent technologies. It thoroughly analyzes the advantages of core techniques—including fuzzy reasoning, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and deep learning—in system modeling and controller parameter optimization, while exploring their practical applications in engineering. Furthermore, it highlights the pivotal role of innovative materials (e.g., piezoelectric materials and shape-memory alloys) and advanced sensing technologies (e.g., fiber optic sensors and wireless sensor networks) in achieving precise dynamic response measurement and efficient operation, and discusses integrated design approaches combining material properties with sensing capabilities. The paper concludes with a detailed explanation of the overall architecture of the intelligent monitoring and control system, as well as the operational processes for real-time data acquisition and feedback control. Through several practical engineering cases, it further examines the specific application effectiveness of this technology in high-rise buildings and large-span bridges.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51905448)Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Program of China(Grant No.cstc2018jszx-cyzdX0183)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.SWU119060).
摘要Vertical picking method is a predominate method used to harvest cotton crop.However,a vertical picking method may cause spindle bending of the cotton picker if spindles collide with stones on the cotton field.Thus,how to realize a precise height control of the cotton picker is a crucial issue to be solved.The objective of this study is to design a height control system to avoid the collision.To design it,the mathematical models are established first.Then a multi-objective optimization model represented by structure parameters and control parameters is proposed to take the pressure of chamber without piston,response time and displacement error of the height control system as the opti-mization objectives.An integrated optimization approach that combines optimization via simulation,particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing is proposed to solve the model.Simulation and experimental test results show that the proposed integrated optimization approach can not only reduce the pressure of chamber without piston,but also decrease the response time and displacement error of the height control system.
摘要The finite element dynamic model for integrated structures containing distributed piezoelectric sensors and actuators ( S/As ) is formulated with a new piezoelectric plate bending element in this paper. The problem of active vibration control and suppression of integrated structures is investigated under constant gain negative velocity feedback control law. A general method for active vibration control and suppression of integrated structures is presented. Finally, numerical example is given to illustrate the validity of the method proposed in this paper.
基金supported by JCKY Project(Grant No.JCKY2023602B012).
摘要This study pioneers the integrated fabrication of magnesium corrugated-core sandwich structures using wire-arc directed energy deposition(WA-DED).Two sandwich structures—V-type and X-type—were designed with optimized deposition paths to achieve comparable grain morphology while enhancing strength.The compression properties and failure modes of the two corrugated-core sandwich structures were examined through quasi-static compression tests.Results showed that the V-type structure exhibited a higher specific compressive strength(93 MPa∙cm3/g)than the X-type structure(72 MPa∙cm3/g).Both finite element analysis and experimental compression tests indicated that failure occurred at the midsection of the corrugated core.This work offers valuable insights for the efficient fabrication of high-strength corrugated-core sandwich structures.
基金Project supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2012BAJ07B03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51178415 and 51578491)
摘要One of the main problems in controlling the shape of active structures (AS) is to determine the actuations that drive the structure from the current state to the target state. Model-based methods such as stochastic search require a known type of load and relatively long computational time, which limits the practical use of AS in civil engineering. Moreover, additive errors may be produced because of the discrepancy between analytic models and real structures. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents a compound system called WAS, which combines AS with a wireless sensor and actuator network (WSAN). A bio-inspired control framework imitating the activity of the nervous systems of animals is proposed for WAS. A typical example is tested for verification. In the example, a triangular tensegrity prism that aims to maintain its original height is integrated with a WSAN that consists of a central controller, three actuators, and three sensors. The result demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed concept and control framework in cases of unknown loads that include different types, distributions, magnitudes, and directions. The proposed control framework can also act as a supplementary means to improve the efficiency and accuracy of control frameworks based on a common stochastic search.
基金This study is supported by the Young Teacher Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(No.:2018-JYB-JS134).
摘要Objective:The objective of this study is to explore the clinical effects of structured skin care plan of integrated Chinese and Western medicine in intervening elderly patients with incontinence-associated dermatitis(IAD).Materials and Methods:Totally,66 elderly patients with IAD were randomly divided into the experiment group(32 cases)and control group(34 cases).The control group was given routine nursing care,while the experiment group was given a structured skin care plan.The observational course was 2 weeks.The treatment efficiency and healing time were compared between the two groups.Results:After 2-week intervention,the total effective rate of the experiment group was higher than that of the control group(97.1%vs.78.1%,X2=3.913,P=0.048).The skin assessment tool score of the experiment group was lower than that of the control group(0.56±1.58 vs.1.75±2.46,Z=−−2.401,P=0.016).The healing time of the experiment group was shorter than that of the control group(7.29±4.76 days vs.10.69±6.36 days,Z=−2.280,P=0.026).Conclusion:The structured skin care plan of integrated Chinese and Western medicine showed a good effect in elderly IAD patients,and provided a reference for clinical treatment and care of elderly patients with IAD.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22479067)Yunnan Provincial University Service Key Industry Science and Technology Program(Grant No.FWCY-BSPY2024052)+2 种基金Youth Fund of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(Grant No.202501AU070118)Joint Special Fund for the“Double First-Class” Initiative of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Grant No.202401BE070001-062)Yunnan Young Talents Program for “Xingdian Talent Support Plan”(Grant No.KKXX202551007)。
摘要Considering the multiple challenges faced by stealth coatings in complex service environments,the development of multifunctional integrated microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) that combine efficient electromagnetic (EM) attenuation with environmental tolerance has become an urgent need.In this work,coral-like CoNi@Void@C microparticle (MP) with the yolk-shell structure was synthesized through a continuous process combining conventional solvothermal,sol-gel,oxidative self-polymerization,and acid etching.The precise construction of the magnetic core-cavity-carbon shell structure synergistically optimizes impedance matching and multiple loss mechanisms,endowing the material with outstanding microwave dissipation performance.A minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -81.24 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.21 GHz are achieved at an ultra-thin matching thickness (dm),and the excellent EM stealth capability is confirmed by a radar cross-section value of 51.82 dB m2.Additionally,the barrier effect of the cavity buffer layer and nonpolar carbon shell simultaneously endow it with low density,super-hydrophobicity,efficient photothermal conversion,corrosion resistance,and performance reinforcement for ionizing radiation shielding,demonstrating potential adaptability in various environments.This work provides a new paradigm for the next generation of environmentally adaptive MAMs through a three-level synergistic strategy of“morphology-cavity-interface”.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201491)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2023QNRC001)The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar,KSA for funding this research work through the project number“NBU-FPEJ-2024-1101-02”.
摘要Research efforts on electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials.These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight,porous,and hierarchical.Due to their porous nature,interfacial compatibility,and electrical conductivity,biomass materials hold significant potential as EMI shielding materials.Despite concerted efforts on the EMI shielding of biomass materials have been reported,this research area is still relatively new compared to traditional EMI shielding materials.In particular,a more comprehensive study and summary of the factors influencing biomass EMI shielding materials including the pore structure adjustment,preparation process,and micro-control would be valuable.The preparation methods and characteristics of wood,bamboo,cellulose and lignin in EMI shielding field are critically discussed in this paper,and similar biomass EMI materials are summarized and analyzed.The composite methods and fillers of various biomass materials were reviewed.this paper also highlights the mechanism of EMI shielding as well as existing prospects and challenges for development trends in this field.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Plan(Grant no.2021YFC2901805)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.42372114)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Scientific Research Institutes(Grant no.DZLXJK202505)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(Grant no.2021QZKK0301)the China Geological Survey(Grant no.DD20240127)。
摘要The Jinqingding gold deposit in eastern Jiaodong is a significant gold mineralization within the Muping-Rushan metallogenic belt.This study integrates structural analysis and trace element geochemistry of sulphides to elucidate ore-controlling mechanisms and metallogenic models.The deposit occurs as pyrite-quartz veins and polymetallic sulphide veins/disseminations hosted in biotite monzonitic granite,controlled by the NNE-striking Jiangjunshi-Quhezhuang fault.Structural analysis reveals that mineralization was controlled by conjugate shear joints,tension fractures,and enéchelon faults formed under a tectonic stress field withσ1oriented NE-SW.LA-ICP-MS trace element analysis of pyrite reveals dual geochemical affinities—high-temperature magmatic signatures(elevated Co,Ni,Ti)and medium-low temperature hydrothermal signals(enriched As,Pb,Bi)—suggesting episodic fluid inputs from magmatic-hydrothermal and meteoric sources.Rare earth elements(REEs)are low in pyrite and show slight LREE enrichment.The results suggest that the main ore-controlling structures formed under a stress field withσ1oriented NE-SW during the Early Cretaceous,and the mineralization may be related to episodic fluid pulses,as reflected by the changes in trace elements during the crystallization of pyrite.Furthermore,this study reveals an NEE-trending set of potential ore-controlling structures for epizonal gold mineralization,which is of great significance for regional gold exploration in Jiaodong.
基金Shanxi Province Key Research and Development Program Project(202402150101006).
摘要The autonomous grasping of flexible slings is a pivotal challenge for unmanned crane systems,primarily stemming fromthe slings’geometric indeterminacy,material compliance under load,and stochastic initial pose relative to the hook.To address this challenge,we propose an intelligent hook system featuring a novel compound mechanical architecture.This architecture integrates a horizontal slewing mechanism for in-plane alignment with a self-locking worm-gear drive for secure grasping.A coordinated control strategy,employing a Fuzzy PID algorithm,ensures robust dynamic performance under variable loading conditions.Finite element analysis confirms structural integrity under a rated load of 500 kg,with a maximumstress of 344.34MPa.Experimental results demonstrate that the hook completes a full pick-and-release cycle in approximately 2 s for parallel slings,with a success rate exceeding 95%.This represents an approximately 60% improvement in operational efficiency over manual operation.This work provides a practical and efficient solution for automating flexible sling handling.