The sustainable recycling and regeneration of spent lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO4,LFP)cathodes is crucial for minimizing resource waste and enabling circular utilization of long-life lithium-ion battery materials....The sustainable recycling and regeneration of spent lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO4,LFP)cathodes is crucial for minimizing resource waste and enabling circular utilization of long-life lithium-ion battery materials.However,most existing recycling strategies primarily emphasize elemental recovery and largely neglect the intrinsic degradation mechanisms that control performance decay in retired LFP cathodes,leading to regenerated products with limited electrochemical performance.Performance deterioration in spent LFP is strongly linked to the accumulation of Fe-Li antisite defects and interfacial instability during extended cycling,which obstruct lithium-ion diffusion pathways,accelerate active lithium loss,and cause kinetic degradation.In this work,a rapid upgrading regeneration strategy based on ultrafast Joule heating is proposed to directly target defect repair and interface reconstruction in spent LFP cathodes.The applied thermal shock efficiently heals Fe-Li antisite defects within the bulk lattice,restoring lithium-ion transport while suppressing excessive phase decomposition.Meanwhile,a composite surface architecture is formed,consisting of a LiF-rich interfacial layer and an outer nitrogen-doped carbon coating,which cooperatively enhances interfacial lithium-ion transport,electronic conductivity,and structural stability during cycling.Density functional theory calculations reveal evident charge redistribution across the reconstructed interface,together with a reduced electronic bandgap and stabilized lattice structure,indicating strong electronic coupling between the surface layers and the LFP bulk.Electrochemical evaluations demonstrate decreased polarization,faster reaction kinetics,and markedly improved cycling stability compared with spent and commercial cathodes.Beyond material restoration,this work establishes a defect-directed regeneration paradigm that links degradation mechanisms with functional upgrading,providing a general strategy for high-value recycling and sustainable reuse of lithium-ion battery cathode materials.展开更多
Optimizing the kinetics and lowering the ab/dehydrogenation temperature of magnesium hydride(MgH2)are crucial for hydrogen storage applications.The synergy among multi-metals(such as Ni,Cr,Fe,Cu,etc.)can reduce the...Optimizing the kinetics and lowering the ab/dehydrogenation temperature of magnesium hydride(MgH2)are crucial for hydrogen storage applications.The synergy among multi-metals(such as Ni,Cr,Fe,Cu,etc.)can reduce the ab/dehydrogenation activation energy of magnesium hydride by leveraging the characteristics of transition metals.Herein,Crystal-amorphous interfaces were regulated via changing the reducing atmosphere through precise design to form the semi-crystalline Ni/CrV-MMO catalysts.After the tests,the 10 wt%Ni/CrV-MMO-doped MgH2 initial hydrogen release at 190℃ and desorbed 5.6 wt%H2 at a relatively low temperature of 275℃ within 10 min.Moreover,this composite material absorbed 5.7 wt%H2 within 2 min at 150℃,achieving a remarkably low hydrogen absorption activation energy of only 28.35 kJ·mol-1,which is far below pure MgH2(68.42 kJ·mol-1).Mechanistic studies and density functional theory(DFT)reveal that the amorphous CrV-MMO elevates the D-band center of Ni by contacting with the Ni interface,which weakens the Mg-H bond strength and consequently lowers the dehydrogenation barrier.The existence of crystal-amorphous interfaces effectively optimizes the transport of interfacial charges.This crystal-amorphous interface synergy strategy offers a general blueprint for low-temperature,high-rate MgH2 storage systems.展开更多
In this study,numerical modeling based on the SCAPS-1D software is employed to analyze the influence of the h-ETL/MAPI1-xClx interface on the performance of perovskite solar cells.The impact of interface defect densit...In this study,numerical modeling based on the SCAPS-1D software is employed to analyze the influence of the h-ETL/MAPI1-xClx interface on the performance of perovskite solar cells.The impact of interface defect density,energy band alignment,and transport parameters of the h-ETL is systematically investigated.The results highlight the existence of a critical interface defect density threshold of approximately 1013 cm-2,beyond which device performance significantly deteriorates due to increased non-radiative recombination.A slightly positive conduction band offset,ranging from 0 to+0.2 eV,is identified as an optimal condition that reduces interfacial recombination without hindering electron transport.The study also shows that increasing the electron mobility of the h-ETL has a negligible effect on the overall cell performance.Finally,a combined optimization of absorber and h-ETL doping reveals that moderate acceptor doping of the absorber,coupled with high donor doping of the h-ETL,enhances the internal electric field,limits recombination losses,and improves charge extraction.These findings provide valuable guidelines for the design and optimization of interfaces in high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.展开更多
Stability of base-exposed backfill roof in underhand drift-and-fill mining is crucial for the safety of those working beneath.Given the commonly used primary-and-secondary mining sequence,interfaces are formed between...Stability of base-exposed backfill roof in underhand drift-and-fill mining is crucial for the safety of those working beneath.Given the commonly used primary-and-secondary mining sequence,interfaces are formed between adjacent filled drifts,which can weaken the integrity of the backfill roof.These interfaces also lead to two common drift layouts:aligned drifts and staggered drifts.However,less attention has been paid to the interfaces and the two drift layouts were not adequately distinguished in previous studies.In this paper,the interfaces between filled drifts were firstly considered to investigate the stability of backfill roof.Failure modes and strength requirements of backfill roof in aligned and staggered drifts are comprehensively investigated by FLAC3D,with a focus on considerations of varied shear parameters of the interfaces.Results show that failure modes in aligned drifts transition from block sliding to top caving,bottom caving or sloughing as the interface cohesion increases from zero to at least half of the backfill cohesion.Further increases in interface cohesion allow aligned drifts to behave as if there are no interfaces between them.The critical stability conditions of backfill roof in aligned drifts were mostly determined by the interface strength instead of the backfill strength.However,the stability of backfill roof in staggered drifts is barely affected by the interface strength.The outcomes are expected to provide references for mining engineers to optimize drift layouts and perform cost-effective backfill roof strength design at mines using underhand drift-and-fill mining method.展开更多
SrTiO3-based thermoelectric ceramics show potential for high-temperature energy harvesting but face challenges from inefficient carrier transport and high thermal conductivity.This work presents a multi-scale struc...SrTiO3-based thermoelectric ceramics show potential for high-temperature energy harvesting but face challenges from inefficient carrier transport and high thermal conductivity.This work presents a multi-scale structural engineering strategy to address these challenges,fabricating textured Sr0.875La0.1Ti O3m Ti/10 wt%Bi2O3(SLTTB)ceramics via plate-like SrTiO3templates.Through this design,the ceramics form a unique core-shell architecture,where template seeds act as growth cores for epitaxially alignedoriented grains,forming coherent interfaces with a precipitate-rich interlayer and a precipitate-free shell.In the interlayer,uniformly distributed“peanut-shaped”Bi-Ti_nO2n-1nanoparticle pairs enhance electron mobility and phonon scattering.The hierarchical microstructure creates multiscale coherent interfaces that reduce electron grain boundary scattering,enabling preferential electron transport pathways parallel to the casting direction.This architecture enables the decoupling of electrical and thermal properties,with a power factor reaching 1815μW/m/K2at 1073 K with thermal conductivity suppressed by interfacial and nanoparticle scattering.Consequently,the SLTTB textured ceramic achieves a notable ZT of 0.64 at 1073 K,a significant enhancement over conventional counterparts.This work demonstrates a multi-scale structural strategy integrating template-induced texture,core-shell design,and nanoscale interface modulation to decouple the electrical and thermal properties of SrTiO3-based materials,and provides a roadmap for tailoring the electrical-thermal transport properties of thermoelectric textured ceramics.展开更多
Rapid and robust identification of bacteria is crucial for environmental monitoring and clinical diagnosis.Herein,a bioinspired interface-mediated multichannel sensor array was developed based on three-coloremitting a...Rapid and robust identification of bacteria is crucial for environmental monitoring and clinical diagnosis.Herein,a bioinspired interface-mediated multichannel sensor array was developed based on three-coloremitting antimicrobial functional carbon dots(FCDs)and concanavalin A doped polydopamine nanoparticles(Con A-PDA)for identification of bacteria.In this sensor,the fluorescence intensity of the three FCDs was quenched by the Con A-PDA.Upon addition different types of bacteria,the fluorescence intensity of the three FCDs was restored or further quenched.Recur to statistical analysis methods,it is employed to accurately discriminate 10 types of bacteria(including three probiotics and seven pathogenic bacteria)in natural water samples and human urine samples.The discrimination ability of the sensor array was highly enhanced via different competing binding of the FCDs and the bacteria toward Con A-PDA.The proposed array-based method offers a rapid,high-throughput,and reliable sensing platform for pathogen diagnosis in the field of environmental monitoring and clinical diagnosis.展开更多
While 2D/3D heterostructures are widely employed to improve the stability of perovskite optoelectronic devices,their effectiveness is fundamentally governed by the crystallinity of the interfacial structure -a factor ...While 2D/3D heterostructures are widely employed to improve the stability of perovskite optoelectronic devices,their effectiveness is fundamentally governed by the crystallinity of the interfacial structure -a factor often overlooked.Disordered interfaces exhibit thermodynamic metastability,where ion diffusion induces sequential phase transitions from low-n to high-n phases.Here,we construct atomically ordered 2D/3D interfaces using phase-pure 2D perovskite capping layers,which reduce the interfacial phase transition rate by 95%and effectively suppress ion migration.As a result,devices exhibit outstanding operational stability,retaining over 99%of their initial power conversion efficiency after 1500 h of continuous operation,along with excellent thermal durability at 85℃.These findings identify interfacial order as a critical parameter for regulating ion dynamics and phase behavior,providing a robust design principle for achieving high-efficiency,long-lifetime perovskite technologies.展开更多
服务质量(quality of service,QoS)感知云API推荐系统在解决云API过载问题、差异化云API性能和实现高质量云API选择中具有重要作用.但由于网络环境的开放性和云API的货币属性,推荐系统易受到投毒攻击,从而导致推荐结果偏离公平性和可信...服务质量(quality of service,QoS)感知云API推荐系统在解决云API过载问题、差异化云API性能和实现高质量云API选择中具有重要作用.但由于网络环境的开放性和云API的货币属性,推荐系统易受到投毒攻击,从而导致推荐结果偏离公平性和可信性.现有防御方法主要采用“检测防御”策略,即在模型训练前通过检测算法滤除恶意用户来缓解攻击影响,但受限于检测算法性能,不可避免地会出现无法将恶意用户全部滤除的情形.为此,从“以攻学防”的视角提出一种基于可信数据增强的QoS感知云API推荐系统投毒攻击持续防御方法.首先构建基于可信数据增强的投毒攻击防御框架,通过生成高质量可信用户数据并参与模型训练来增强推荐系统的鲁棒性.其次,设计基于扩散模型的可信用户生成算法.采用迭代去噪的方式学习真实云API的QoS数据分布,生成高质量的可信用户向量,消解投毒攻击数据对训练模型的影响.最后,基于真实云API的QoS数据集进行大量实验,利用3类11种推荐算法全面评估所提防御方法的有效性和普适性.实验结果表明,所提出的基于可信数据增强的投毒攻击持续防御框架是有效的,生成的可信用户可显著提高云API推荐系统的鲁棒性.展开更多
In view of the frequent deterioration of molten steel quality during the tundish filling process,the slag-steel-air interface behavior in a tundish,including liquid level fluctuation,slag eyes,slag entrapment and air ...In view of the frequent deterioration of molten steel quality during the tundish filling process,the slag-steel-air interface behavior in a tundish,including liquid level fluctuation,slag eyes,slag entrapment and air suction during the steady-state casting and filling process,was comparatively studied through physical modeling and mathematical simulation methods.During the filling process,the liquid surface forms a large-size slag eye under the impact of molten steel from a ladle shroud,which simultaneously results in a violent fluctuation of liquid level.Concurrently,the liquid flow entrains the air phase and the cover slag into the tundish impact zone,resulting in slag entrapment and air suction.At filling flow rates of 1.5Q,2.0Q,and 2.5Q(Q is the flow rate under steady-state casting),the amount of slag entrapped is 8.39×10-5,9.65×10-5,and 12.7×10-5m3,respectively,while the volume of air aspirated is 0.84×10-4,1.47×10-4,and 2.01×10-4m3,indicating that slag entrapment and air suction intensify with an increase in tundish filling flow rate.Flow field characterization identifies eddy currents in the impact zone as the primary driver of the above phenomena.Proper filling process parameters were proposed to improve the steel quality during the tundish filling.展开更多
Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography...Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography and microelectrode arrays.The challenges of these mentioned approaches are characterized by the bandwidth of the spatiotemporal resolution,which in turn is essential for large-area neuron recordings(Abiri et al.,2019).展开更多
Introducing Ti2AlC particles into TiAl alloys can effectively improve their strength,but this can also lead to stress concentration at the interface,resulting in the reduction of ductility.Therefore,Mn is adopted t...Introducing Ti2AlC particles into TiAl alloys can effectively improve their strength,but this can also lead to stress concentration at the interface,resulting in the reduction of ductility.Therefore,Mn is adopted to synergistically improve the strength and ductility of the Ti2AlC/TiAl composite through solid solution and interface manipulation.The first-principles calculation shows the Ti-Mn bonds are formed at the Ti2AlC/TiAl interface after Mn doping,characterized primarily by metallic bonds with some covalent bonding.This combination preserves strength while enhancing ductility.Then,Ti2AlC/TiAl-Mn composite is prepared.The Ti2AlC,with an average size of 1.6μm,is uniformly distributed within the TiAl matrix.Mn doping reduces the lamellar colony size and lamellar thickness by 25.1%and 27.4%,respectively.A small quantity of Mn accumulates at the boundaries of the lamellar colonies.The Mn content must be controlled to avoid segregation,which may negatively impact performance.The yield stress,ultimate compressive stress,fracture strain,and product of strength and plasticity of the Ti2AlC/TiAl-Mn composite have been increased by 5.5%,11.5%,10.4%,and 23.0%,respectively,compared to those of the Ti2AlC/TiAl composite.The enhancement in strength is due to the combined effects of grain refinement,solid solution of Mn,and twining strengthening.Grain refinement and twin strengthening also can reduce stress concentration and improve ductility.In addition,at the electronic level,the Ti-Mn bond formed at the interface is contributed to the improvement of ductility.展开更多
Cutaneous haptic interfaces have demonstrated substantial potential in human-machine interaction,enabling applications such as immersive experiences,robotic teleoperation,and sensory transfer in prosthetics.By conveyi...Cutaneous haptic interfaces have demonstrated substantial potential in human-machine interaction,enabling applications such as immersive experiences,robotic teleoperation,and sensory transfer in prosthetics.By conveying rich haptic cues such as indentation,stretching,vibration,and temperature,cutaneous feedback improves presence,realism,task performance,and the stability of two-way interaction loops.This article introduces the fundamental concept of cutaneous haptic interfaces and reviews recent advances in cutaneous feedback modalities and device paradigms from skin-integrated patches to fingertips and whole-hand wearable devices.It highlights progress in spatiotemporal programmability for each feedback modality,as well as in combined multimodal feedback.Cutaneous adaptability designs for haptic feedback devices are also discussed,with an emphasis on maintaining natural interaction and achieving personalized haptic feedback.In addition,the integration of haptic feedback devices with sensing units has emerged as a popular trend,facilitating closed-loop control for more accurate and stable haptic interaction.Finally,the article concludes by underscoring a complete workflow spanning coordinated visual-haptic sensing,encoding,rendering,and feedback to support dexterous haptic interaction and enable more lifelike,responsive,and dependable performance in virtual or teleoperation scenarios.展开更多
Nanocomposite technology is an effective strategy to enhance the performance of capacitive deionization(CDI).However,the poor interfacial interactions between the nanofillers and matrices limit their further optimizat...Nanocomposite technology is an effective strategy to enhance the performance of capacitive deionization(CDI).However,the poor interfacial interactions between the nanofillers and matrices limit their further optimization and commercial application.Here,we developed an interface engineering strategy to prepare a high-strength and high-toughness fiber electrode based on holey reduced graphene oxide(HRGO)and carboxylated carbon nanotubes(CCNT)through introducing borate bonds as bridging interactions.The interface interaction between HRGO and CCNT is significantly enhanced by the formation of dynamic cross-linked borate bonds,which not only effectively preventπ-πstacking and construct hierarchical ion transport channels to enhance ion transport efficiency and reaction kinetics,but also significantly improve mechanical stability and long-cycle performance based on self-healing properties in the fiber electrode.This configuration showed remarkably enhanced desalination capacity(30.6 mg g-1)and higher desalination rate(6.12 mg g-1 min-1),with cycling performance exceeding 90%,which exceeds previously reported values.Density functional theory calculations further reveal the mechanism by which the nanocomposite interface affects the CDI performance.Based on this excellent performance,we established a recirculating desalination hydrogen production system consisting of multiple CDI units connected in series with a hydrogen production unit.This effective strategy opens a new way to optimize the nanocomposite interfaces and achieve efficient electrochemical reactions.展开更多
Li2CO3 was introduced into LiPF6-based electrolytes and the electrolytes were stored at 40°C.Nuclear magnetic analysis of electrolytes and X-ray diffraction characterization of reaction residues demonstr...Li2CO3 was introduced into LiPF6-based electrolytes and the electrolytes were stored at 40°C.Nuclear magnetic analysis of electrolytes and X-ray diffraction characterization of reaction residues demonstrate the formation of LiPO2F2 and LiF during storage.This reformulated electrolyte boosts lifespan and Coulombic efficiency(CE)in Li||Li and Li||Cu cells,with Li||Li cells stably cycling for>800 h and 300 h at 0.5 mA/cm2 and 1.0 mA/cm2,respectively.Moreover,with the optimal content of Li2CO3,the CE of the reformulated electrolyte(91.56%)is greatly improved compared to that of the standard electrolyte(81.99%).The compatibility and enhanced rate performance of the reformulated electrolyte are also exhibited in Li||NCM full cells with a moderately high mass loading of 9.6 mg/cm2.展开更多
Ultra-fine sizes and high thermal stability are often mutually exclusive for nanocrystalline(NC)materials because the high grain boundary(GB)energy of nanograins provides a large driving force for grain coarsening.All...Ultra-fine sizes and high thermal stability are often mutually exclusive for nanocrystalline(NC)materials because the high grain boundary(GB)energy of nanograins provides a large driving force for grain coarsening.Alloying is a classical strategy for stabilizing the microstructure of NC materials.However,the stabilization effects of alloying on NC materials typically rely on the segregation of solute atoms at GBs,which imposes restrictions on the selection of possible alloy systems.In this study,it is revealed experimentally and corroborated theoretically that the interface energies can be continuously regulated by simply manipulating the alloy composition in simple solid-solution alloy systems,enabling the control of the ultra-fine sizes and thermal stability of the alloys without GB segregation.In a model system of NC Au(Cu)-SiO2films,the dissolved Cu in Au can be used as a very accurate tool to tailor the interface energies of NC Au(Cu)-SiO2film,leading to ultra-fine(below 2 nm)Au(Cu)nanoparticles with exceptional thermal stability.Such Cu-induced grain refinement and thermal stabilization effects are supported by interface thermodynamic calculations.This study thus provides an alloying stabilization strategy without GB segregation,which broadens the scope for developing thermally stable NC alloy systems.展开更多
The phase composition at the slag-iron interface and the distribution behavior of titanium,vanadium,chromium and silicon between hot metal and Ti-bearing electric furnace slag were thoroughly explored.The basicity ran...The phase composition at the slag-iron interface and the distribution behavior of titanium,vanadium,chromium and silicon between hot metal and Ti-bearing electric furnace slag were thoroughly explored.The basicity range for the anosovite phase region was defined by using a phase diagram and a minimum smelting temperature was set at 1540℃.Thermodynamic calculations demonstrate that the activities of TiO2 and SiO2 in the slag decrease with increasing basicity,while those of V2O3 and Cr2O3 increase.Similarly,the activities of[Ti]and[Si]in the molten metal decrease,while those of[V]and[Cr]rise with increasing basicity.As basicity increases,the distribution ratios,LTi and LSi decrease,whereas LV and LCr increase.Significantly,the recovery efficiencies of vanadium and titanium are improved with higher basicity.The primary phases identified in the slag include anosovite,diopside,and titanium spinel.However,when the basicity exceeds 0.8,the formation of the perovskite phase becomes less favorable,suggesting that basicity should be maintained at or below 0.8.展开更多
Surface passivation via two-dimensional(2D)perovskite has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)due to the effective compensation of interfacial states.However,the i...Surface passivation via two-dimensional(2D)perovskite has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)due to the effective compensation of interfacial states.However,the in situ grown 2D perovskite passivation layers typically comprise a mixture of multiple dimensionalities at the interface,where band alignment has only been portrayed qualitatively and empirically.Herein,the interface states for precisely phase-tailored 2D perovskite passivated PSCs are quantitatively investigated.In comparison to traditional passivation molecules,2D perovskite layers based on 4-trifluoromethyl-phenylethylammonium iodide(CF3PEAI)exhibit an increased work function,introducing desirable downward band bending to eliminate the Schottky Barrier.Furthermore,precisely phase-tailored 2D layers could modulate the interface trap density and energetics.The n=1 film delivers optimal performance with a hole extraction efficiency of 95.1%.The optimized n-i-p PSCs in the two-step method significantly improve PCE to 25.40%,along with enhanced photostability and negligible hysteresis.It highlights that tailoring in the composition and phase distribution of the 2D perovskite layer could modulate the interface states at the 2D/3D interface.展开更多
Weak rock-concrete interfaces significantly affect the stability of underground supporting structures.This study aims to investigate the effects of interface inclination on the creep behavior and failure mechanisms of...Weak rock-concrete interfaces significantly affect the stability of underground supporting structures.This study aims to investigate the effects of interface inclination on the creep behavior and failure mechanisms of composite specimens.Seven rock-concrete composite specimens with different inclination angles under hydrothermal curing at 60℃were prepared,and uniaxial and graded loading creep tests were completed.The results show that with increasing interface inclination,the compressive strength of the composite specimens initially decreases and then increases,with the minimum strength observed at inclinations between 60°and 75°.Three typical failure patterns were identified:axial failure,composite failure,and interface failure.The creep failure strength exceeded the uniaxial compressive strength,indicating improved time-dependent deformation resistance under elevated temperature curing.The instantaneous strain initially decreases and then increases as the interface inclination angle grows.Compared to 0°inclination,specimens with 45°,60°,75°,and 90°inclinations exhibited reductions in instantaneous strain of 2.64%,18.84%,23.29%,and 0.73%,respectively.The steady-state creep rate and creep ratio exhibited a decrease-stabilization-increase trend with increasing stress levels.Creep strain increased with increasing stress levels for all inclinations,with a sharp increase near the failure stage.A nonlinear constitutive model considering interface inclination and creep damage was developed based on damage theory.A nonlinear damage-based constitutive model incorporating interface inclination effects was developed,and its theoretical predictions closely matched the experimental data in all creep stages.These findings provide a quantitative understanding of creep failure mechanisms in rock-concrete interfaces and provide practical references for enhancing the safety of underground support systems.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,China(No.2252002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12174015,No.12574005)。
摘要The sustainable recycling and regeneration of spent lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO4,LFP)cathodes is crucial for minimizing resource waste and enabling circular utilization of long-life lithium-ion battery materials.However,most existing recycling strategies primarily emphasize elemental recovery and largely neglect the intrinsic degradation mechanisms that control performance decay in retired LFP cathodes,leading to regenerated products with limited electrochemical performance.Performance deterioration in spent LFP is strongly linked to the accumulation of Fe-Li antisite defects and interfacial instability during extended cycling,which obstruct lithium-ion diffusion pathways,accelerate active lithium loss,and cause kinetic degradation.In this work,a rapid upgrading regeneration strategy based on ultrafast Joule heating is proposed to directly target defect repair and interface reconstruction in spent LFP cathodes.The applied thermal shock efficiently heals Fe-Li antisite defects within the bulk lattice,restoring lithium-ion transport while suppressing excessive phase decomposition.Meanwhile,a composite surface architecture is formed,consisting of a LiF-rich interfacial layer and an outer nitrogen-doped carbon coating,which cooperatively enhances interfacial lithium-ion transport,electronic conductivity,and structural stability during cycling.Density functional theory calculations reveal evident charge redistribution across the reconstructed interface,together with a reduced electronic bandgap and stabilized lattice structure,indicating strong electronic coupling between the surface layers and the LFP bulk.Electrochemical evaluations demonstrate decreased polarization,faster reaction kinetics,and markedly improved cycling stability compared with spent and commercial cathodes.Beyond material restoration,this work establishes a defect-directed regeneration paradigm that links degradation mechanisms with functional upgrading,providing a general strategy for high-value recycling and sustainable reuse of lithium-ion battery cathode materials.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22579070).
摘要Optimizing the kinetics and lowering the ab/dehydrogenation temperature of magnesium hydride(MgH2)are crucial for hydrogen storage applications.The synergy among multi-metals(such as Ni,Cr,Fe,Cu,etc.)can reduce the ab/dehydrogenation activation energy of magnesium hydride by leveraging the characteristics of transition metals.Herein,Crystal-amorphous interfaces were regulated via changing the reducing atmosphere through precise design to form the semi-crystalline Ni/CrV-MMO catalysts.After the tests,the 10 wt%Ni/CrV-MMO-doped MgH2 initial hydrogen release at 190℃ and desorbed 5.6 wt%H2 at a relatively low temperature of 275℃ within 10 min.Moreover,this composite material absorbed 5.7 wt%H2 within 2 min at 150℃,achieving a remarkably low hydrogen absorption activation energy of only 28.35 kJ·mol-1,which is far below pure MgH2(68.42 kJ·mol-1).Mechanistic studies and density functional theory(DFT)reveal that the amorphous CrV-MMO elevates the D-band center of Ni by contacting with the Ni interface,which weakens the Mg-H bond strength and consequently lowers the dehydrogenation barrier.The existence of crystal-amorphous interfaces effectively optimizes the transport of interfacial charges.This crystal-amorphous interface synergy strategy offers a general blueprint for low-temperature,high-rate MgH2 storage systems.
摘要In this study,numerical modeling based on the SCAPS-1D software is employed to analyze the influence of the h-ETL/MAPI1-xClx interface on the performance of perovskite solar cells.The impact of interface defect density,energy band alignment,and transport parameters of the h-ETL is systematically investigated.The results highlight the existence of a critical interface defect density threshold of approximately 1013 cm-2,beyond which device performance significantly deteriorates due to increased non-radiative recombination.A slightly positive conduction band offset,ranging from 0 to+0.2 eV,is identified as an optimal condition that reduces interfacial recombination without hindering electron transport.The study also shows that increasing the electron mobility of the h-ETL has a negligible effect on the overall cell performance.Finally,a combined optimization of absorber and h-ETL doping reveals that moderate acceptor doping of the absorber,coupled with high donor doping of the h-ETL,enhances the internal electric field,limits recombination losses,and improves charge extraction.These findings provide valuable guidelines for the design and optimization of interfaces in high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.
基金supported by Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration-National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2024ZD1003705)the Beijing Nova Program(Grant No.20220484057)support from China Scholarship Council under Grant CSC No.202110300001.
摘要Stability of base-exposed backfill roof in underhand drift-and-fill mining is crucial for the safety of those working beneath.Given the commonly used primary-and-secondary mining sequence,interfaces are formed between adjacent filled drifts,which can weaken the integrity of the backfill roof.These interfaces also lead to two common drift layouts:aligned drifts and staggered drifts.However,less attention has been paid to the interfaces and the two drift layouts were not adequately distinguished in previous studies.In this paper,the interfaces between filled drifts were firstly considered to investigate the stability of backfill roof.Failure modes and strength requirements of backfill roof in aligned and staggered drifts are comprehensively investigated by FLAC3D,with a focus on considerations of varied shear parameters of the interfaces.Results show that failure modes in aligned drifts transition from block sliding to top caving,bottom caving or sloughing as the interface cohesion increases from zero to at least half of the backfill cohesion.Further increases in interface cohesion allow aligned drifts to behave as if there are no interfaces between them.The critical stability conditions of backfill roof in aligned drifts were mostly determined by the interface strength instead of the backfill strength.However,the stability of backfill roof in staggered drifts is barely affected by the interface strength.The outcomes are expected to provide references for mining engineers to optimize drift layouts and perform cost-effective backfill roof strength design at mines using underhand drift-and-fill mining method.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272123,52072301,12504037)the Outstanding Scholar Foundation for Technology Innovation of Shaanxi Province(2024)+3 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3504901)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2025JC-YBMS-467)Guangxi Science and Technology Plan Project(No.AB22035043)the‘111’Project(No.B20028)。
摘要SrTiO3-based thermoelectric ceramics show potential for high-temperature energy harvesting but face challenges from inefficient carrier transport and high thermal conductivity.This work presents a multi-scale structural engineering strategy to address these challenges,fabricating textured Sr0.875La0.1Ti O3m Ti/10 wt%Bi2O3(SLTTB)ceramics via plate-like SrTiO3templates.Through this design,the ceramics form a unique core-shell architecture,where template seeds act as growth cores for epitaxially alignedoriented grains,forming coherent interfaces with a precipitate-rich interlayer and a precipitate-free shell.In the interlayer,uniformly distributed“peanut-shaped”Bi-Ti_nO2n-1nanoparticle pairs enhance electron mobility and phonon scattering.The hierarchical microstructure creates multiscale coherent interfaces that reduce electron grain boundary scattering,enabling preferential electron transport pathways parallel to the casting direction.This architecture enables the decoupling of electrical and thermal properties,with a power factor reaching 1815μW/m/K2at 1073 K with thermal conductivity suppressed by interfacial and nanoparticle scattering.Consequently,the SLTTB textured ceramic achieves a notable ZT of 0.64 at 1073 K,a significant enhancement over conventional counterparts.This work demonstrates a multi-scale structural strategy integrating template-induced texture,core-shell design,and nanoscale interface modulation to decouple the electrical and thermal properties of SrTiO3-based materials,and provides a roadmap for tailoring the electrical-thermal transport properties of thermoelectric textured ceramics.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22376057,22174048,22274048,22274045,22274047,and 21904039)the Foundation of the Science&Technology Department of Hunan Province(Nos.2023JJ30394 and2023ZJ1123)。
摘要Rapid and robust identification of bacteria is crucial for environmental monitoring and clinical diagnosis.Herein,a bioinspired interface-mediated multichannel sensor array was developed based on three-coloremitting antimicrobial functional carbon dots(FCDs)and concanavalin A doped polydopamine nanoparticles(Con A-PDA)for identification of bacteria.In this sensor,the fluorescence intensity of the three FCDs was quenched by the Con A-PDA.Upon addition different types of bacteria,the fluorescence intensity of the three FCDs was restored or further quenched.Recur to statistical analysis methods,it is employed to accurately discriminate 10 types of bacteria(including three probiotics and seven pathogenic bacteria)in natural water samples and human urine samples.The discrimination ability of the sensor array was highly enhanced via different competing binding of the FCDs and the bacteria toward Con A-PDA.The proposed array-based method offers a rapid,high-throughput,and reliable sensing platform for pathogen diagnosis in the field of environmental monitoring and clinical diagnosis.
基金funding supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB1140000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22379156,U23A20141)+1 种基金Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory(QIBEBT/SEI/QNESL S202305)Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(2024SFGC0102)。
摘要While 2D/3D heterostructures are widely employed to improve the stability of perovskite optoelectronic devices,their effectiveness is fundamentally governed by the crystallinity of the interfacial structure -a factor often overlooked.Disordered interfaces exhibit thermodynamic metastability,where ion diffusion induces sequential phase transitions from low-n to high-n phases.Here,we construct atomically ordered 2D/3D interfaces using phase-pure 2D perovskite capping layers,which reduce the interfacial phase transition rate by 95%and effectively suppress ion migration.As a result,devices exhibit outstanding operational stability,retaining over 99%of their initial power conversion efficiency after 1500 h of continuous operation,along with excellent thermal durability at 85℃.These findings identify interfacial order as a critical parameter for regulating ion dynamics and phase behavior,providing a robust design principle for achieving high-efficiency,long-lifetime perovskite technologies.
摘要服务质量(quality of service,QoS)感知云API推荐系统在解决云API过载问题、差异化云API性能和实现高质量云API选择中具有重要作用.但由于网络环境的开放性和云API的货币属性,推荐系统易受到投毒攻击,从而导致推荐结果偏离公平性和可信性.现有防御方法主要采用“检测防御”策略,即在模型训练前通过检测算法滤除恶意用户来缓解攻击影响,但受限于检测算法性能,不可避免地会出现无法将恶意用户全部滤除的情形.为此,从“以攻学防”的视角提出一种基于可信数据增强的QoS感知云API推荐系统投毒攻击持续防御方法.首先构建基于可信数据增强的投毒攻击防御框架,通过生成高质量可信用户数据并参与模型训练来增强推荐系统的鲁棒性.其次,设计基于扩散模型的可信用户生成算法.采用迭代去噪的方式学习真实云API的QoS数据分布,生成高质量的可信用户向量,消解投毒攻击数据对训练模型的影响.最后,基于真实云API的QoS数据集进行大量实验,利用3类11种推荐算法全面评估所提防御方法的有效性和普适性.实验结果表明,所提出的基于可信数据增强的投毒攻击持续防御框架是有效的,生成的可信用户可显著提高云API推荐系统的鲁棒性.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51874033)to Prof.Hai-Yan Tang.
摘要In view of the frequent deterioration of molten steel quality during the tundish filling process,the slag-steel-air interface behavior in a tundish,including liquid level fluctuation,slag eyes,slag entrapment and air suction during the steady-state casting and filling process,was comparatively studied through physical modeling and mathematical simulation methods.During the filling process,the liquid surface forms a large-size slag eye under the impact of molten steel from a ladle shroud,which simultaneously results in a violent fluctuation of liquid level.Concurrently,the liquid flow entrains the air phase and the cover slag into the tundish impact zone,resulting in slag entrapment and air suction.At filling flow rates of 1.5Q,2.0Q,and 2.5Q(Q is the flow rate under steady-state casting),the amount of slag entrapped is 8.39×10-5,9.65×10-5,and 12.7×10-5m3,respectively,while the volume of air aspirated is 0.84×10-4,1.47×10-4,and 2.01×10-4m3,indicating that slag entrapment and air suction intensify with an increase in tundish filling flow rate.Flow field characterization identifies eddy currents in the impact zone as the primary driver of the above phenomena.Proper filling process parameters were proposed to improve the steel quality during the tundish filling.
摘要Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography and microelectrode arrays.The challenges of these mentioned approaches are characterized by the bandwidth of the spatiotemporal resolution,which in turn is essential for large-area neuron recordings(Abiri et al.,2019).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52371031 and 52574435)the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province,China(No.20250102103JC)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Development Program of Changchun City,China(No.23JQ03)Changbaishan Laboratory,China(No.CBS2025004-03)the Undergraduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University,China(No.S202410183310).
摘要Introducing Ti2AlC particles into TiAl alloys can effectively improve their strength,but this can also lead to stress concentration at the interface,resulting in the reduction of ductility.Therefore,Mn is adopted to synergistically improve the strength and ductility of the Ti2AlC/TiAl composite through solid solution and interface manipulation.The first-principles calculation shows the Ti-Mn bonds are formed at the Ti2AlC/TiAl interface after Mn doping,characterized primarily by metallic bonds with some covalent bonding.This combination preserves strength while enhancing ductility.Then,Ti2AlC/TiAl-Mn composite is prepared.The Ti2AlC,with an average size of 1.6μm,is uniformly distributed within the TiAl matrix.Mn doping reduces the lamellar colony size and lamellar thickness by 25.1%and 27.4%,respectively.A small quantity of Mn accumulates at the boundaries of the lamellar colonies.The Mn content must be controlled to avoid segregation,which may negatively impact performance.The yield stress,ultimate compressive stress,fracture strain,and product of strength and plasticity of the Ti2AlC/TiAl-Mn composite have been increased by 5.5%,11.5%,10.4%,and 23.0%,respectively,compared to those of the Ti2AlC/TiAl composite.The enhancement in strength is due to the combined effects of grain refinement,solid solution of Mn,and twining strengthening.Grain refinement and twin strengthening also can reduce stress concentration and improve ductility.In addition,at the electronic level,the Ti-Mn bond formed at the interface is contributed to the improvement of ductility.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Number 2024YFB3816000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Numbers 62002185 and 62104125)+3 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant Number 4244090)the R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(Grant Number KM202411232026)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant Numbers JCYJ20220530143013030 and KJZD20240903100905008)Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(Grant Number 2021ZT09L197).
摘要Cutaneous haptic interfaces have demonstrated substantial potential in human-machine interaction,enabling applications such as immersive experiences,robotic teleoperation,and sensory transfer in prosthetics.By conveying rich haptic cues such as indentation,stretching,vibration,and temperature,cutaneous feedback improves presence,realism,task performance,and the stability of two-way interaction loops.This article introduces the fundamental concept of cutaneous haptic interfaces and reviews recent advances in cutaneous feedback modalities and device paradigms from skin-integrated patches to fingertips and whole-hand wearable devices.It highlights progress in spatiotemporal programmability for each feedback modality,as well as in combined multimodal feedback.Cutaneous adaptability designs for haptic feedback devices are also discussed,with an emphasis on maintaining natural interaction and achieving personalized haptic feedback.In addition,the integration of haptic feedback devices with sensing units has emerged as a popular trend,facilitating closed-loop control for more accurate and stable haptic interaction.Finally,the article concludes by underscoring a complete workflow spanning coordinated visual-haptic sensing,encoding,rendering,and feedback to support dexterous haptic interaction and enable more lifelike,responsive,and dependable performance in virtual or teleoperation scenarios.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1200075)the Shanghai pilot Program for Basic Research(grant no.22TQ1400100-8)+2 种基金the Shanghai Pujiang Program(grant no.20PJ1402500)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(grant no.22ZR1416600)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
摘要Nanocomposite technology is an effective strategy to enhance the performance of capacitive deionization(CDI).However,the poor interfacial interactions between the nanofillers and matrices limit their further optimization and commercial application.Here,we developed an interface engineering strategy to prepare a high-strength and high-toughness fiber electrode based on holey reduced graphene oxide(HRGO)and carboxylated carbon nanotubes(CCNT)through introducing borate bonds as bridging interactions.The interface interaction between HRGO and CCNT is significantly enhanced by the formation of dynamic cross-linked borate bonds,which not only effectively preventπ-πstacking and construct hierarchical ion transport channels to enhance ion transport efficiency and reaction kinetics,but also significantly improve mechanical stability and long-cycle performance based on self-healing properties in the fiber electrode.This configuration showed remarkably enhanced desalination capacity(30.6 mg g-1)and higher desalination rate(6.12 mg g-1 min-1),with cycling performance exceeding 90%,which exceeds previously reported values.Density functional theory calculations further reveal the mechanism by which the nanocomposite interface affects the CDI performance.Based on this excellent performance,we established a recirculating desalination hydrogen production system consisting of multiple CDI units connected in series with a hydrogen production unit.This effective strategy opens a new way to optimize the nanocomposite interfaces and achieve efficient electrochemical reactions.
基金financial support from the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department,China(Nos.23C0250,22B0741)Scientific Research Fund of Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan,China(Nos.2020JJ4243,2021JJ30180,2021JJ30184)Student Innovation Research and Entrepreneurship Training of Hunan Institute of Engineering,China.
摘要Li2CO3 was introduced into LiPF6-based electrolytes and the electrolytes were stored at 40°C.Nuclear magnetic analysis of electrolytes and X-ray diffraction characterization of reaction residues demonstrate the formation of LiPO2F2 and LiF during storage.This reformulated electrolyte boosts lifespan and Coulombic efficiency(CE)in Li||Li and Li||Cu cells,with Li||Li cells stably cycling for>800 h and 300 h at 0.5 mA/cm2 and 1.0 mA/cm2,respectively.Moreover,with the optimal content of Li2CO3,the CE of the reformulated electrolyte(91.56%)is greatly improved compared to that of the standard electrolyte(81.99%).The compatibility and enhanced rate performance of the reformulated electrolyte are also exhibited in Li||NCM full cells with a moderately high mass loading of 9.6 mg/cm2.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51971153).
摘要Ultra-fine sizes and high thermal stability are often mutually exclusive for nanocrystalline(NC)materials because the high grain boundary(GB)energy of nanograins provides a large driving force for grain coarsening.Alloying is a classical strategy for stabilizing the microstructure of NC materials.However,the stabilization effects of alloying on NC materials typically rely on the segregation of solute atoms at GBs,which imposes restrictions on the selection of possible alloy systems.In this study,it is revealed experimentally and corroborated theoretically that the interface energies can be continuously regulated by simply manipulating the alloy composition in simple solid-solution alloy systems,enabling the control of the ultra-fine sizes and thermal stability of the alloys without GB segregation.In a model system of NC Au(Cu)-SiO2films,the dissolved Cu in Au can be used as a very accurate tool to tailor the interface energies of NC Au(Cu)-SiO2film,leading to ultra-fine(below 2 nm)Au(Cu)nanoparticles with exceptional thermal stability.Such Cu-induced grain refinement and thermal stabilization effects are supported by interface thermodynamic calculations.This study thus provides an alloying stabilization strategy without GB segregation,which broadens the scope for developing thermally stable NC alloy systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52104345).
摘要The phase composition at the slag-iron interface and the distribution behavior of titanium,vanadium,chromium and silicon between hot metal and Ti-bearing electric furnace slag were thoroughly explored.The basicity range for the anosovite phase region was defined by using a phase diagram and a minimum smelting temperature was set at 1540℃.Thermodynamic calculations demonstrate that the activities of TiO2 and SiO2 in the slag decrease with increasing basicity,while those of V2O3 and Cr2O3 increase.Similarly,the activities of[Ti]and[Si]in the molten metal decrease,while those of[V]and[Cr]rise with increasing basicity.As basicity increases,the distribution ratios,LTi and LSi decrease,whereas LV and LCr increase.Significantly,the recovery efficiencies of vanadium and titanium are improved with higher basicity.The primary phases identified in the slag include anosovite,diopside,and titanium spinel.However,when the basicity exceeds 0.8,the formation of the perovskite phase becomes less favorable,suggesting that basicity should be maintained at or below 0.8.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62304111,62304110,22579136)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFE0201800)+6 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M761492)the Project of State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays(Nos.GDX2022010009,GZR2023010046)the Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.NY223053)the Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu(Science and Technology Cooperation Project of HongKong,Macao and Taiwan,No.BZ2023059)Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics(No.22jSY015)Young Talent Fund of Xi'an Association for Science and Technology(No.959202313020)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems(No.2023B1212010003).
摘要Surface passivation via two-dimensional(2D)perovskite has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)due to the effective compensation of interfacial states.However,the in situ grown 2D perovskite passivation layers typically comprise a mixture of multiple dimensionalities at the interface,where band alignment has only been portrayed qualitatively and empirically.Herein,the interface states for precisely phase-tailored 2D perovskite passivated PSCs are quantitatively investigated.In comparison to traditional passivation molecules,2D perovskite layers based on 4-trifluoromethyl-phenylethylammonium iodide(CF3PEAI)exhibit an increased work function,introducing desirable downward band bending to eliminate the Schottky Barrier.Furthermore,precisely phase-tailored 2D layers could modulate the interface trap density and energetics.The n=1 film delivers optimal performance with a hole extraction efficiency of 95.1%.The optimized n-i-p PSCs in the two-step method significantly improve PCE to 25.40%,along with enhanced photostability and negligible hysteresis.It highlights that tailoring in the composition and phase distribution of the 2D perovskite layer could modulate the interface states at the 2D/3D interface.
基金Project(52174141)supported by the National Natural Foundation of ChinaProject(2023A313)supported by the Science and Technology Plan of Huainan City,ChinaProject(2024C943)supported by the Postdoctoral Research of Anhui Province,China。
摘要Weak rock-concrete interfaces significantly affect the stability of underground supporting structures.This study aims to investigate the effects of interface inclination on the creep behavior and failure mechanisms of composite specimens.Seven rock-concrete composite specimens with different inclination angles under hydrothermal curing at 60℃were prepared,and uniaxial and graded loading creep tests were completed.The results show that with increasing interface inclination,the compressive strength of the composite specimens initially decreases and then increases,with the minimum strength observed at inclinations between 60°and 75°.Three typical failure patterns were identified:axial failure,composite failure,and interface failure.The creep failure strength exceeded the uniaxial compressive strength,indicating improved time-dependent deformation resistance under elevated temperature curing.The instantaneous strain initially decreases and then increases as the interface inclination angle grows.Compared to 0°inclination,specimens with 45°,60°,75°,and 90°inclinations exhibited reductions in instantaneous strain of 2.64%,18.84%,23.29%,and 0.73%,respectively.The steady-state creep rate and creep ratio exhibited a decrease-stabilization-increase trend with increasing stress levels.Creep strain increased with increasing stress levels for all inclinations,with a sharp increase near the failure stage.A nonlinear constitutive model considering interface inclination and creep damage was developed based on damage theory.A nonlinear damage-based constitutive model incorporating interface inclination effects was developed,and its theoretical predictions closely matched the experimental data in all creep stages.These findings provide a quantitative understanding of creep failure mechanisms in rock-concrete interfaces and provide practical references for enhancing the safety of underground support systems.