Stability of base-exposed backfill roof in underhand drift-and-fill mining is crucial for the safety of those working beneath.Given the commonly used primary-and-secondary mining sequence,interfaces are formed between...Stability of base-exposed backfill roof in underhand drift-and-fill mining is crucial for the safety of those working beneath.Given the commonly used primary-and-secondary mining sequence,interfaces are formed between adjacent filled drifts,which can weaken the integrity of the backfill roof.These interfaces also lead to two common drift layouts:aligned drifts and staggered drifts.However,less attention has been paid to the interfaces and the two drift layouts were not adequately distinguished in previous studies.In this paper,the interfaces between filled drifts were firstly considered to investigate the stability of backfill roof.Failure modes and strength requirements of backfill roof in aligned and staggered drifts are comprehensively investigated by FLAC3D,with a focus on considerations of varied shear parameters of the interfaces.Results show that failure modes in aligned drifts transition from block sliding to top caving,bottom caving or sloughing as the interface cohesion increases from zero to at least half of the backfill cohesion.Further increases in interface cohesion allow aligned drifts to behave as if there are no interfaces between them.The critical stability conditions of backfill roof in aligned drifts were mostly determined by the interface strength instead of the backfill strength.However,the stability of backfill roof in staggered drifts is barely affected by the interface strength.The outcomes are expected to provide references for mining engineers to optimize drift layouts and perform cost-effective backfill roof strength design at mines using underhand drift-and-fill mining method.展开更多
SrTiO3-based thermoelectric ceramics show potential for high-temperature energy harvesting but face challenges from inefficient carrier transport and high thermal conductivity.This work presents a multi-scale struc...SrTiO3-based thermoelectric ceramics show potential for high-temperature energy harvesting but face challenges from inefficient carrier transport and high thermal conductivity.This work presents a multi-scale structural engineering strategy to address these challenges,fabricating textured Sr0.875La0.1Ti O3m Ti/10 wt%Bi2O3(SLTTB)ceramics via plate-like SrTiO3templates.Through this design,the ceramics form a unique core-shell architecture,where template seeds act as growth cores for epitaxially alignedoriented grains,forming coherent interfaces with a precipitate-rich interlayer and a precipitate-free shell.In the interlayer,uniformly distributed“peanut-shaped”Bi-Ti_nO2n-1nanoparticle pairs enhance electron mobility and phonon scattering.The hierarchical microstructure creates multiscale coherent interfaces that reduce electron grain boundary scattering,enabling preferential electron transport pathways parallel to the casting direction.This architecture enables the decoupling of electrical and thermal properties,with a power factor reaching 1815μW/m/K2at 1073 K with thermal conductivity suppressed by interfacial and nanoparticle scattering.Consequently,the SLTTB textured ceramic achieves a notable ZT of 0.64 at 1073 K,a significant enhancement over conventional counterparts.This work demonstrates a multi-scale structural strategy integrating template-induced texture,core-shell design,and nanoscale interface modulation to decouple the electrical and thermal properties of SrTiO3-based materials,and provides a roadmap for tailoring the electrical-thermal transport properties of thermoelectric textured ceramics.展开更多
While 2D/3D heterostructures are widely employed to improve the stability of perovskite optoelectronic devices,their effectiveness is fundamentally governed by the crystallinity of the interfacial structure -a factor ...While 2D/3D heterostructures are widely employed to improve the stability of perovskite optoelectronic devices,their effectiveness is fundamentally governed by the crystallinity of the interfacial structure -a factor often overlooked.Disordered interfaces exhibit thermodynamic metastability,where ion diffusion induces sequential phase transitions from low-n to high-n phases.Here,we construct atomically ordered 2D/3D interfaces using phase-pure 2D perovskite capping layers,which reduce the interfacial phase transition rate by 95%and effectively suppress ion migration.As a result,devices exhibit outstanding operational stability,retaining over 99%of their initial power conversion efficiency after 1500 h of continuous operation,along with excellent thermal durability at 85℃.These findings identify interfacial order as a critical parameter for regulating ion dynamics and phase behavior,providing a robust design principle for achieving high-efficiency,long-lifetime perovskite technologies.展开更多
1|Introduction Electrical double layers(EDLs)are fundamental to solid-liquid interfacial phenomena,orchestrating charge compensation,ionic ordering,and solvent reorganization.Through these coupled processes,EDLs regul...1|Introduction Electrical double layers(EDLs)are fundamental to solid-liquid interfacial phenomena,orchestrating charge compensation,ionic ordering,and solvent reorganization.Through these coupled processes,EDLs regulate a wide spectrum of behaviors from electrochemical reactivity and colloidal stability to energy transduction and information signaling[1-5].Despite their central importance across chemistry,materials science,and physics,experimental insight into EDLs has been largely shaped by a narrow subset of interfaces,those involving electrically conductive solids[6-9].Classical EDL models,originating from the Helmholtz[10].展开更多
In view of the frequent deterioration of molten steel quality during the tundish filling process,the slag-steel-air interface behavior in a tundish,including liquid level fluctuation,slag eyes,slag entrapment and air ...In view of the frequent deterioration of molten steel quality during the tundish filling process,the slag-steel-air interface behavior in a tundish,including liquid level fluctuation,slag eyes,slag entrapment and air suction during the steady-state casting and filling process,was comparatively studied through physical modeling and mathematical simulation methods.During the filling process,the liquid surface forms a large-size slag eye under the impact of molten steel from a ladle shroud,which simultaneously results in a violent fluctuation of liquid level.Concurrently,the liquid flow entrains the air phase and the cover slag into the tundish impact zone,resulting in slag entrapment and air suction.At filling flow rates of 1.5Q,2.0Q,and 2.5Q(Q is the flow rate under steady-state casting),the amount of slag entrapped is 8.39×10-5,9.65×10-5,and 12.7×10-5m3,respectively,while the volume of air aspirated is 0.84×10-4,1.47×10-4,and 2.01×10-4m3,indicating that slag entrapment and air suction intensify with an increase in tundish filling flow rate.Flow field characterization identifies eddy currents in the impact zone as the primary driver of the above phenomena.Proper filling process parameters were proposed to improve the steel quality during the tundish filling.展开更多
Cutaneous haptic interfaces have demonstrated substantial potential in human-machine interaction,enabling applications such as immersive experiences,robotic teleoperation,and sensory transfer in prosthetics.By conveyi...Cutaneous haptic interfaces have demonstrated substantial potential in human-machine interaction,enabling applications such as immersive experiences,robotic teleoperation,and sensory transfer in prosthetics.By conveying rich haptic cues such as indentation,stretching,vibration,and temperature,cutaneous feedback improves presence,realism,task performance,and the stability of two-way interaction loops.This article introduces the fundamental concept of cutaneous haptic interfaces and reviews recent advances in cutaneous feedback modalities and device paradigms from skin-integrated patches to fingertips and whole-hand wearable devices.It highlights progress in spatiotemporal programmability for each feedback modality,as well as in combined multimodal feedback.Cutaneous adaptability designs for haptic feedback devices are also discussed,with an emphasis on maintaining natural interaction and achieving personalized haptic feedback.In addition,the integration of haptic feedback devices with sensing units has emerged as a popular trend,facilitating closed-loop control for more accurate and stable haptic interaction.Finally,the article concludes by underscoring a complete workflow spanning coordinated visual-haptic sensing,encoding,rendering,and feedback to support dexterous haptic interaction and enable more lifelike,responsive,and dependable performance in virtual or teleoperation scenarios.展开更多
In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of...In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of this development.Inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISSEs)are the core components of sodium batteries;however,they face significant challenges such as insufficient ionic conductivity,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth,all of which severely hinder practical application.This review critically assesses experimental protocols and theoretical frameworks related to mainstream ISSEs and systematizes optimization strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges.Leveraging integrated insights from both experimental and computational studies,the review first categorizes and summarizes the primary types of ISSEs,namely oxide-,sulfide-,and halide-based electrolytes.It then details interfacial optimization strategies focused on addressing three core interfacial issues:ion transport barriers resulting from mechanical incompatibility,side reactions stemming from electrochemical mismatch,and dendrite formation.Finally,the review advocates prioritizing in-depth research that integrates experimental and theoretical approaches to establish a closed-loop methodology encompassing predictive design,multiscale investigation,mechanistic exploration,and high-throughput automated experimentation,with feedback-driven refinement.This work serves as a comprehensive reference and systematic roadmap for future research on solid-state electrolytes(SSEs).展开更多
Weak rock-concrete interfaces significantly affect the stability of underground supporting structures.This study aims to investigate the effects of interface inclination on the creep behavior and failure mechanisms of...Weak rock-concrete interfaces significantly affect the stability of underground supporting structures.This study aims to investigate the effects of interface inclination on the creep behavior and failure mechanisms of composite specimens.Seven rock-concrete composite specimens with different inclination angles under hydrothermal curing at 60℃were prepared,and uniaxial and graded loading creep tests were completed.The results show that with increasing interface inclination,the compressive strength of the composite specimens initially decreases and then increases,with the minimum strength observed at inclinations between 60°and 75°.Three typical failure patterns were identified:axial failure,composite failure,and interface failure.The creep failure strength exceeded the uniaxial compressive strength,indicating improved time-dependent deformation resistance under elevated temperature curing.The instantaneous strain initially decreases and then increases as the interface inclination angle grows.Compared to 0°inclination,specimens with 45°,60°,75°,and 90°inclinations exhibited reductions in instantaneous strain of 2.64%,18.84%,23.29%,and 0.73%,respectively.The steady-state creep rate and creep ratio exhibited a decrease-stabilization-increase trend with increasing stress levels.Creep strain increased with increasing stress levels for all inclinations,with a sharp increase near the failure stage.A nonlinear constitutive model considering interface inclination and creep damage was developed based on damage theory.A nonlinear damage-based constitutive model incorporating interface inclination effects was developed,and its theoretical predictions closely matched the experimental data in all creep stages.These findings provide a quantitative understanding of creep failure mechanisms in rock-concrete interfaces and provide practical references for enhancing the safety of underground support systems.展开更多
Li2CO3 was introduced into LiPF6-based electrolytes and the electrolytes were stored at 40°C.Nuclear magnetic analysis of electrolytes and X-ray diffraction characterization of reaction residues demonstr...Li2CO3 was introduced into LiPF6-based electrolytes and the electrolytes were stored at 40°C.Nuclear magnetic analysis of electrolytes and X-ray diffraction characterization of reaction residues demonstrate the formation of LiPO2F2 and LiF during storage.This reformulated electrolyte boosts lifespan and Coulombic efficiency(CE)in Li||Li and Li||Cu cells,with Li||Li cells stably cycling for>800 h and 300 h at 0.5 mA/cm2 and 1.0 mA/cm2,respectively.Moreover,with the optimal content of Li2CO3,the CE of the reformulated electrolyte(91.56%)is greatly improved compared to that of the standard electrolyte(81.99%).The compatibility and enhanced rate performance of the reformulated electrolyte are also exhibited in Li||NCM full cells with a moderately high mass loading of 9.6 mg/cm2.展开更多
This paper investigates the “brush-like”deformation phenomenon of the contact interface at the bolt-hole during the interference-fit installation of high-locking bolts under static loading in CFRP connection structu...This paper investigates the “brush-like”deformation phenomenon of the contact interface at the bolt-hole during the interference-fit installation of high-locking bolts under static loading in CFRP connection structures.An innovative theoretical model is proposed to predict axial installation force,specifically designed for moderate interference-fit.This model is based on the “brush-like”deformation of the hole wall,with the axial installation force predicted through force analysis and theoretical calculations,effectively overcoming the limitations of prior models that idealized the contact interface at the bolt-hole.The predictions generated by this theoretical model align closely with experimental data,confirming its efficacy in accurately forecasting the curve of installation force for interferencefit bolts during the static installation within the moderate interference-fit range.Additionally,a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between deformation of the hole wall and curves of installation force across small,moderate,and large interference-fit levels are presented.It is demonstrated that the degree of deformation within the moderate interference-fit range is more suitable than that in the small and large interference-fit ranges,making it a reliable alternative for installation force tests within this range during static installation.The moderate interference-fit domain[1.00%,1.24%]is established as a validated and optimal range of interference-fit bolts for the static installation.展开更多
The phase composition at the slag-iron interface and the distribution behavior of titanium,vanadium,chromium and silicon between hot metal and Ti-bearing electric furnace slag were thoroughly explored.The basicity ran...The phase composition at the slag-iron interface and the distribution behavior of titanium,vanadium,chromium and silicon between hot metal and Ti-bearing electric furnace slag were thoroughly explored.The basicity range for the anosovite phase region was defined by using a phase diagram and a minimum smelting temperature was set at 1540℃.Thermodynamic calculations demonstrate that the activities of TiO2 and SiO2 in the slag decrease with increasing basicity,while those of V2O3 and Cr2O3 increase.Similarly,the activities of[Ti]and[Si]in the molten metal decrease,while those of[V]and[Cr]rise with increasing basicity.As basicity increases,the distribution ratios,LTi and LSi decrease,whereas LV and LCr increase.Significantly,the recovery efficiencies of vanadium and titanium are improved with higher basicity.The primary phases identified in the slag include anosovite,diopside,and titanium spinel.However,when the basicity exceeds 0.8,the formation of the perovskite phase becomes less favorable,suggesting that basicity should be maintained at or below 0.8.展开更多
Carbazole derivatives with a single phosphonic acid(PA)group are widely used as monolayer interfaces in perovskites and organic solar cells(OSCs).However,their hydrophilic nature renders ITO electrodes hydrophobic,lim...Carbazole derivatives with a single phosphonic acid(PA)group are widely used as monolayer interfaces in perovskites and organic solar cells(OSCs).However,their hydrophilic nature renders ITO electrodes hydrophobic,limiting further applications.In this study,a novel carbazole-based compound functionalized with two PA groups,denoted 2PACz-D1,was designed to create a dual hydrophilic interface.This configuration enables the formation of a bilayer hole-transporting layer(HTL).Specifically,one PA group anchors to the ITO electrode,while the other generates a secondary hydrophilic surface.This allows the subsequent deposition of hydrophilic PEDOT:PSS,forming a protective bilayer HTL that shields ITO from corrosive acidic polymers.The OSCs incorporating this bilayer HTL achieved a power conversion efficiency of 19.44%and exhibited improved thermal stability compared to devices with a single HTL.This work demonstrates the potential of bis-PA carbazole derivatives for tailoring the HTL surface properties,offering promising opportunities for various organic electronic devices.展开更多
Owing to the dispersion and multi-mode characteristics,guided wave non-destructive technology is promising for characterizing the interface state of incompressible viscoelastic multilayered soft plates.To effectively ...Owing to the dispersion and multi-mode characteristics,guided wave non-destructive technology is promising for characterizing the interface state of incompressible viscoelastic multilayered soft plates.To effectively apply the guided waves in structural health monitoring,it is essential to attain a comprehensive understanding of dispersion and attenuation properties for Lamb waves in these plates,particularly those with weak interfaces.To achieve this,a hyper-viscoelastic fractional order model is employed to investigate Lamb waves in multilayered soft plates with weak interfaces.The analysis encompasses weak connections in both shear and vertical directions.An improved Legendre polynomial method with analytical integration expressions is employed to solve dynamic equations.The influence of weak interfaces,fractional order,and pre-deformation on wave characteristics is studied.Interestingly,results reveal the appearance of the transverse quasi-resonance for the S0 mode when pre-compression deformations reach sufficiently large magnitudes.Furthermore,phase velocity and attenuation variations are nonlinear as the weak interface coefficients increase.As these coefficients become adequately large,the variations diminish progressively,ultimately approaching a saturation point.展开更多
Stress represents a critical determinant of dynamic hazards in underground coal mining operations.Heterogeneous geological features substantially influence stress distribution and magnitude throughout mining environme...Stress represents a critical determinant of dynamic hazards in underground coal mining operations.Heterogeneous geological features substantially influence stress distribution and magnitude throughout mining environments.To investigate the mechanical evolution and failure mechanisms of heterogeneous stratified composite coal-rock(CCR)under mining-induced stresses,three-point bending tests(TPBT)and numerical simulations are conducted on CCR specimens with varying homogeneity indices.Results show a significant positive correlation between CCR fracture strength and the homogeneity index(φ).Higher φ values are associated with more uniform displacement discontinuity zones during the fracturing process.Initial loading is observed to induce compressive strain at the upper coal-rock interface(UI),while tensile strain predominated at both the lower interface(LI)and boundary(LB).Interface strain magnitudes followed the pattern LB>LI>UI,with stability inversely proportional to strain intensity.As φ increases,interfacial stability is reduced,damage severity is amplified,and the critical strain energy release rate is elevated.These variations are primarily governed by the homogeneity-dependent redistribution of particle zones and the downward migration of resistant interfaces.These findings enhance our understanding of fracture propagation in heterogeneous CCR under mining stresses,thereby contributing to improved hazard forecasting and control strategies in coal mine composite roof systems.展开更多
Artificial interface layer-aided zinc anodes(AIL@Zn)with simultaneously controllable Zn dendrite growth and corrosion resistance are highly expected to simultaneously achieve both high capacity and cycle stability in ...Artificial interface layer-aided zinc anodes(AIL@Zn)with simultaneously controllable Zn dendrite growth and corrosion resistance are highly expected to simultaneously achieve both high capacity and cycle stability in aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs).However,how the facet effects of the AIL guides the efficient Zn deposition behavior remains an open question.Herein,we devise a facile and scalable hydrothermal approach to synthesize various nanostructured X-CeO2 AILs to coat the Zn anode,ultimately offering an X-CeO2@Zn electrode.Among all X-CeO2@Zn anodes,rod-shaped CeO2 with exposed{110}facets modified Zn anode(R-CeO2@Zn)can effectively inhibit dendrite growth and side reactions,thereby delivering ultrastable durability over 2500 h at 1 mA cm-2/0.5 mAh cm-2and reversibility cycled for 250 h at 84.7%depth of discharge.In addition,MoS2//R-CeO2@Zn full cell delivers a significantly capacity retention rate above 99%after 1000 cycles.The superior performance originates from the exposed{110}facets,which uniquely modulate the binding and diffusion energies of Zn adatoms to promote homogeneous deposition.This work shifts the AIL design principle from mere composition selection to atomic-level facet control,offering a general strategy for next-generation battery electrodes.Additionally,the strategy proposes its extension to other metal-ion battery systems.展开更多
Prelithiation is effective for compensating active lithium-ion(Li+)loss in silicon(Si)-based battery electrode materials.However,owing to the dynamic growth of the solid electrolyte interface(SEI),capacity fading r...Prelithiation is effective for compensating active lithium-ion(Li+)loss in silicon(Si)-based battery electrode materials.However,owing to the dynamic growth of the solid electrolyte interface(SEI),capacity fading remains the biggest challenge for the industrialization of Si electrodes.To address this problem,a novel ether-based prelithiation reagent was rationally designed by exploiting the weak solvent-solute coordination and the competitive reduction mechanism among electrolyte components.Precise regulation of the Li+solvation structure enhanced Li+transport during prelithiation,achieving an exceptional initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)of~100%for the Si/carbon(Si/C)anode after performing contact prelithiation for 2 min.Furthermore,the lithium fluoride(LiF)-rich interface with high mechanical toughness was pre-formed to assist in the formation of a stable SEI controlling the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)energy and binding energy of the prelithiation reagent,thereby improving the half-cell cycle performance.Consequently,the ICE of the full-cell incorporating the prelithiated Si/C anode increased by 40%compared with that containing as-received materials,and the corresponding energy density was 551.2 Wh kg-1 based on the electrode material after 3 cycles.Furthermore,theoretical calculations combined with in situ characterization techniques confirmed the strong potential of the contact prelithiation design strategy for large-scale industrial applications.展开更多
The ultraviolet(UV)stability of low-bandgap Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells(PSCs)remains a significant obstacle to their practical deployment.Here,we elucidate the UV-induced degradation mechanism in state-of-the-art 1.2...The ultraviolet(UV)stability of low-bandgap Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells(PSCs)remains a significant obstacle to their practical deployment.Here,we elucidate the UV-induced degradation mechanism in state-of-the-art 1.25 eV PSCs through combined electrical,mechanical,and chemical analyses.Prolonged UV exposure results in efficiency loss,primarily due to reductions in short-circuit current and built-in voltage.Detailed characterization reveals a strongly asymmetric degradation pathway:illumination from the buried interface causes more severe defect formation,charge accumulation,and mechanical softening than illumination from the top surface.UV-driven photo-doping of the ITO-nanocrystal interfacial modification layer,together with oxidation of Sn2+at the buried perovskite interface,accelerates both electronic and structural deterioration,leading to reduced carrier extraction.Guided by these insights,we show that introducing a PMMA interfacial buffer layer effectively suppresses charge buildup and interfacial oxidation,offering substantially enhanced UV stability compared with both the ITO-nanocrystal baseline and PEDOT:PSS-substitution.展开更多
Despite the high energy density,lithium metal batteries(LMBs)face significant cycling instability and safety challenges,especially at subzero temperatures.Herein,we report a rationally designed lowconcentrated electro...Despite the high energy density,lithium metal batteries(LMBs)face significant cycling instability and safety challenges,especially at subzero temperatures.Herein,we report a rationally designed lowconcentrated electrolyte system that employs a low-freezing-point diluent to compress solvation sheaths,enabling the formation of a compact anion-dominated solvation structure that enhances interfacial stability and safety.Molecular dynamics reveal the unique solvation structure with close packing of anions in this low-concentration electrolyte from the micro-mesoscopic scale.The optimized electrolyte combines cost-effectiveness,superior wettability,intrinsic nonflammability,and high stability,concurrently promoting a hybrid organic-inorganic solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)for uniform lithium deposition.As a result,the Li‖LiFePO4(LFP)full cells demonstrate stable cycling for 700 cycles at the current density of 4 C.Remarkably,the electrolyte demonstrates exceptional low-temperature performance,indicating broad operational viability.This work provides a promising electrolyte design strategy that addresses both safety and excellent electrochemical performance in high-energy-density metal-based batteries,including but not restricted to Li,Na,K and Zn multivalent ion systems.展开更多
Surface passivation via two-dimensional(2D)perovskite has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)due to the effective compensation of interfacial states.However,the i...Surface passivation via two-dimensional(2D)perovskite has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)due to the effective compensation of interfacial states.However,the in situ grown 2D perovskite passivation layers typically comprise a mixture of multiple dimensionalities at the interface,where band alignment has only been portrayed qualitatively and empirically.Herein,the interface states for precisely phase-tailored 2D perovskite passivated PSCs are quantitatively investigated.In comparison to traditional passivation molecules,2D perovskite layers based on 4-trifluoromethyl-phenylethylammonium iodide(CF3PEAI)exhibit an increased work function,introducing desirable downward band bending to eliminate the Schottky Barrier.Furthermore,precisely phase-tailored 2D layers could modulate the interface trap density and energetics.The n=1 film delivers optimal performance with a hole extraction efficiency of 95.1%.The optimized n-i-p PSCs in the two-step method significantly improve PCE to 25.40%,along with enhanced photostability and negligible hysteresis.It highlights that tailoring in the composition and phase distribution of the 2D perovskite layer could modulate the interface states at the 2D/3D interface.展开更多
The frequent conversion between cropland and grassland in agropastoral ecotones poses severe challenges to the protection of grassland biodiversity,and a systematic understanding of the relationship between these two ...The frequent conversion between cropland and grassland in agropastoral ecotones poses severe challenges to the protection of grassland biodiversity,and a systematic understanding of the relationship between these two aspects is urgently needed.In this study,the West Liaohe River Basin,which is a typical agropastoral ecotone in northern China,was chosen as an example.Using the field investigation data from 2023 and 2024,we calculated various biodiversity indices at bothαandβscales for grassland vegetation and soil bacteria,and then analyzed the effects of the interactions at the cropland–grassland interface on grassland above-ground biodiversity,below-ground biodiversity,and their interrelationships.Moreover,we explored the driving factors of grassland biodiversity at the cropland–grassland interface.Notably,interactions at the cropland–grassland interface adversely affected grassland above-and below-ground biodiversity.Compared with the sampling points that were farther from the cropland–grassland interface(25 and 50 m),the sampling points located very close to the interface(5 and 10 m)had a decrease in species richness of more than 5.00%.This effect was jointly determined by various vegetation and soil attribute indicators and the regional environment.The litter and soil organic carbon played a prominent role in modulating the relationships between grassland above-and below-ground biodiversity at the cropland–grassland interface.The results suggested that intensive management of cropland and grassland should be enhanced in areas where agriculture and animal husbandry alternate,the disorderly reclamation and random abandonment of cropland should be prohibited,and the policy of returning cropland to grassland should be promoted systematically.These findings could provide reference data for related studies and promote the protection of grassland biodiversity in agropastoral ecotones.展开更多
基金supported by Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration-National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2024ZD1003705)the Beijing Nova Program(Grant No.20220484057)support from China Scholarship Council under Grant CSC No.202110300001.
摘要Stability of base-exposed backfill roof in underhand drift-and-fill mining is crucial for the safety of those working beneath.Given the commonly used primary-and-secondary mining sequence,interfaces are formed between adjacent filled drifts,which can weaken the integrity of the backfill roof.These interfaces also lead to two common drift layouts:aligned drifts and staggered drifts.However,less attention has been paid to the interfaces and the two drift layouts were not adequately distinguished in previous studies.In this paper,the interfaces between filled drifts were firstly considered to investigate the stability of backfill roof.Failure modes and strength requirements of backfill roof in aligned and staggered drifts are comprehensively investigated by FLAC3D,with a focus on considerations of varied shear parameters of the interfaces.Results show that failure modes in aligned drifts transition from block sliding to top caving,bottom caving or sloughing as the interface cohesion increases from zero to at least half of the backfill cohesion.Further increases in interface cohesion allow aligned drifts to behave as if there are no interfaces between them.The critical stability conditions of backfill roof in aligned drifts were mostly determined by the interface strength instead of the backfill strength.However,the stability of backfill roof in staggered drifts is barely affected by the interface strength.The outcomes are expected to provide references for mining engineers to optimize drift layouts and perform cost-effective backfill roof strength design at mines using underhand drift-and-fill mining method.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272123,52072301,12504037)the Outstanding Scholar Foundation for Technology Innovation of Shaanxi Province(2024)+3 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3504901)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2025JC-YBMS-467)Guangxi Science and Technology Plan Project(No.AB22035043)the‘111’Project(No.B20028)。
摘要SrTiO3-based thermoelectric ceramics show potential for high-temperature energy harvesting but face challenges from inefficient carrier transport and high thermal conductivity.This work presents a multi-scale structural engineering strategy to address these challenges,fabricating textured Sr0.875La0.1Ti O3m Ti/10 wt%Bi2O3(SLTTB)ceramics via plate-like SrTiO3templates.Through this design,the ceramics form a unique core-shell architecture,where template seeds act as growth cores for epitaxially alignedoriented grains,forming coherent interfaces with a precipitate-rich interlayer and a precipitate-free shell.In the interlayer,uniformly distributed“peanut-shaped”Bi-Ti_nO2n-1nanoparticle pairs enhance electron mobility and phonon scattering.The hierarchical microstructure creates multiscale coherent interfaces that reduce electron grain boundary scattering,enabling preferential electron transport pathways parallel to the casting direction.This architecture enables the decoupling of electrical and thermal properties,with a power factor reaching 1815μW/m/K2at 1073 K with thermal conductivity suppressed by interfacial and nanoparticle scattering.Consequently,the SLTTB textured ceramic achieves a notable ZT of 0.64 at 1073 K,a significant enhancement over conventional counterparts.This work demonstrates a multi-scale structural strategy integrating template-induced texture,core-shell design,and nanoscale interface modulation to decouple the electrical and thermal properties of SrTiO3-based materials,and provides a roadmap for tailoring the electrical-thermal transport properties of thermoelectric textured ceramics.
基金funding supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB1140000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22379156,U23A20141)+1 种基金Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory(QIBEBT/SEI/QNESL S202305)Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(2024SFGC0102)。
摘要While 2D/3D heterostructures are widely employed to improve the stability of perovskite optoelectronic devices,their effectiveness is fundamentally governed by the crystallinity of the interfacial structure -a factor often overlooked.Disordered interfaces exhibit thermodynamic metastability,where ion diffusion induces sequential phase transitions from low-n to high-n phases.Here,we construct atomically ordered 2D/3D interfaces using phase-pure 2D perovskite capping layers,which reduce the interfacial phase transition rate by 95%and effectively suppress ion migration.As a result,devices exhibit outstanding operational stability,retaining over 99%of their initial power conversion efficiency after 1500 h of continuous operation,along with excellent thermal durability at 85℃.These findings identify interfacial order as a critical parameter for regulating ion dynamics and phase behavior,providing a robust design principle for achieving high-efficiency,long-lifetime perovskite technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.22479016)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2025M781041).
摘要1|Introduction Electrical double layers(EDLs)are fundamental to solid-liquid interfacial phenomena,orchestrating charge compensation,ionic ordering,and solvent reorganization.Through these coupled processes,EDLs regulate a wide spectrum of behaviors from electrochemical reactivity and colloidal stability to energy transduction and information signaling[1-5].Despite their central importance across chemistry,materials science,and physics,experimental insight into EDLs has been largely shaped by a narrow subset of interfaces,those involving electrically conductive solids[6-9].Classical EDL models,originating from the Helmholtz[10].
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51874033)to Prof.Hai-Yan Tang.
摘要In view of the frequent deterioration of molten steel quality during the tundish filling process,the slag-steel-air interface behavior in a tundish,including liquid level fluctuation,slag eyes,slag entrapment and air suction during the steady-state casting and filling process,was comparatively studied through physical modeling and mathematical simulation methods.During the filling process,the liquid surface forms a large-size slag eye under the impact of molten steel from a ladle shroud,which simultaneously results in a violent fluctuation of liquid level.Concurrently,the liquid flow entrains the air phase and the cover slag into the tundish impact zone,resulting in slag entrapment and air suction.At filling flow rates of 1.5Q,2.0Q,and 2.5Q(Q is the flow rate under steady-state casting),the amount of slag entrapped is 8.39×10-5,9.65×10-5,and 12.7×10-5m3,respectively,while the volume of air aspirated is 0.84×10-4,1.47×10-4,and 2.01×10-4m3,indicating that slag entrapment and air suction intensify with an increase in tundish filling flow rate.Flow field characterization identifies eddy currents in the impact zone as the primary driver of the above phenomena.Proper filling process parameters were proposed to improve the steel quality during the tundish filling.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Number 2024YFB3816000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Numbers 62002185 and 62104125)+3 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant Number 4244090)the R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(Grant Number KM202411232026)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant Numbers JCYJ20220530143013030 and KJZD20240903100905008)Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(Grant Number 2021ZT09L197).
摘要Cutaneous haptic interfaces have demonstrated substantial potential in human-machine interaction,enabling applications such as immersive experiences,robotic teleoperation,and sensory transfer in prosthetics.By conveying rich haptic cues such as indentation,stretching,vibration,and temperature,cutaneous feedback improves presence,realism,task performance,and the stability of two-way interaction loops.This article introduces the fundamental concept of cutaneous haptic interfaces and reviews recent advances in cutaneous feedback modalities and device paradigms from skin-integrated patches to fingertips and whole-hand wearable devices.It highlights progress in spatiotemporal programmability for each feedback modality,as well as in combined multimodal feedback.Cutaneous adaptability designs for haptic feedback devices are also discussed,with an emphasis on maintaining natural interaction and achieving personalized haptic feedback.In addition,the integration of haptic feedback devices with sensing units has emerged as a popular trend,facilitating closed-loop control for more accurate and stable haptic interaction.Finally,the article concludes by underscoring a complete workflow spanning coordinated visual-haptic sensing,encoding,rendering,and feedback to support dexterous haptic interaction and enable more lifelike,responsive,and dependable performance in virtual or teleoperation scenarios.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52076076, 52006065)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (2025JC003)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (3242022)
摘要In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of this development.Inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISSEs)are the core components of sodium batteries;however,they face significant challenges such as insufficient ionic conductivity,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth,all of which severely hinder practical application.This review critically assesses experimental protocols and theoretical frameworks related to mainstream ISSEs and systematizes optimization strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges.Leveraging integrated insights from both experimental and computational studies,the review first categorizes and summarizes the primary types of ISSEs,namely oxide-,sulfide-,and halide-based electrolytes.It then details interfacial optimization strategies focused on addressing three core interfacial issues:ion transport barriers resulting from mechanical incompatibility,side reactions stemming from electrochemical mismatch,and dendrite formation.Finally,the review advocates prioritizing in-depth research that integrates experimental and theoretical approaches to establish a closed-loop methodology encompassing predictive design,multiscale investigation,mechanistic exploration,and high-throughput automated experimentation,with feedback-driven refinement.This work serves as a comprehensive reference and systematic roadmap for future research on solid-state electrolytes(SSEs).
基金Project(52174141)supported by the National Natural Foundation of ChinaProject(2023A313)supported by the Science and Technology Plan of Huainan City,ChinaProject(2024C943)supported by the Postdoctoral Research of Anhui Province,China。
摘要Weak rock-concrete interfaces significantly affect the stability of underground supporting structures.This study aims to investigate the effects of interface inclination on the creep behavior and failure mechanisms of composite specimens.Seven rock-concrete composite specimens with different inclination angles under hydrothermal curing at 60℃were prepared,and uniaxial and graded loading creep tests were completed.The results show that with increasing interface inclination,the compressive strength of the composite specimens initially decreases and then increases,with the minimum strength observed at inclinations between 60°and 75°.Three typical failure patterns were identified:axial failure,composite failure,and interface failure.The creep failure strength exceeded the uniaxial compressive strength,indicating improved time-dependent deformation resistance under elevated temperature curing.The instantaneous strain initially decreases and then increases as the interface inclination angle grows.Compared to 0°inclination,specimens with 45°,60°,75°,and 90°inclinations exhibited reductions in instantaneous strain of 2.64%,18.84%,23.29%,and 0.73%,respectively.The steady-state creep rate and creep ratio exhibited a decrease-stabilization-increase trend with increasing stress levels.Creep strain increased with increasing stress levels for all inclinations,with a sharp increase near the failure stage.A nonlinear constitutive model considering interface inclination and creep damage was developed based on damage theory.A nonlinear damage-based constitutive model incorporating interface inclination effects was developed,and its theoretical predictions closely matched the experimental data in all creep stages.These findings provide a quantitative understanding of creep failure mechanisms in rock-concrete interfaces and provide practical references for enhancing the safety of underground support systems.
基金financial support from the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department,China(Nos.23C0250,22B0741)Scientific Research Fund of Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan,China(Nos.2020JJ4243,2021JJ30180,2021JJ30184)Student Innovation Research and Entrepreneurship Training of Hunan Institute of Engineering,China.
摘要Li2CO3 was introduced into LiPF6-based electrolytes and the electrolytes were stored at 40°C.Nuclear magnetic analysis of electrolytes and X-ray diffraction characterization of reaction residues demonstrate the formation of LiPO2F2 and LiF during storage.This reformulated electrolyte boosts lifespan and Coulombic efficiency(CE)in Li||Li and Li||Cu cells,with Li||Li cells stably cycling for>800 h and 300 h at 0.5 mA/cm2 and 1.0 mA/cm2,respectively.Moreover,with the optimal content of Li2CO3,the CE of the reformulated electrolyte(91.56%)is greatly improved compared to that of the standard electrolyte(81.99%).The compatibility and enhanced rate performance of the reformulated electrolyte are also exhibited in Li||NCM full cells with a moderately high mass loading of 9.6 mg/cm2.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52275165 and 52305146)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China(Nos.2023YFG0165 and 2023NSFSC0372)+1 种基金the Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of General Aircraft Maintenance Project,China(No.GAMRC2023ZD03)the Student Innovation Fund Project,China(No.24CAFUC10202)。
摘要This paper investigates the “brush-like”deformation phenomenon of the contact interface at the bolt-hole during the interference-fit installation of high-locking bolts under static loading in CFRP connection structures.An innovative theoretical model is proposed to predict axial installation force,specifically designed for moderate interference-fit.This model is based on the “brush-like”deformation of the hole wall,with the axial installation force predicted through force analysis and theoretical calculations,effectively overcoming the limitations of prior models that idealized the contact interface at the bolt-hole.The predictions generated by this theoretical model align closely with experimental data,confirming its efficacy in accurately forecasting the curve of installation force for interferencefit bolts during the static installation within the moderate interference-fit range.Additionally,a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between deformation of the hole wall and curves of installation force across small,moderate,and large interference-fit levels are presented.It is demonstrated that the degree of deformation within the moderate interference-fit range is more suitable than that in the small and large interference-fit ranges,making it a reliable alternative for installation force tests within this range during static installation.The moderate interference-fit domain[1.00%,1.24%]is established as a validated and optimal range of interference-fit bolts for the static installation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52104345).
摘要The phase composition at the slag-iron interface and the distribution behavior of titanium,vanadium,chromium and silicon between hot metal and Ti-bearing electric furnace slag were thoroughly explored.The basicity range for the anosovite phase region was defined by using a phase diagram and a minimum smelting temperature was set at 1540℃.Thermodynamic calculations demonstrate that the activities of TiO2 and SiO2 in the slag decrease with increasing basicity,while those of V2O3 and Cr2O3 increase.Similarly,the activities of[Ti]and[Si]in the molten metal decrease,while those of[V]and[Cr]rise with increasing basicity.As basicity increases,the distribution ratios,LTi and LSi decrease,whereas LV and LCr increase.Significantly,the recovery efficiencies of vanadium and titanium are improved with higher basicity.The primary phases identified in the slag include anosovite,diopside,and titanium spinel.However,when the basicity exceeds 0.8,the formation of the perovskite phase becomes less favorable,suggesting that basicity should be maintained at or below 0.8.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB4200400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.W2511056,52503289 and 52333005)+1 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.Z230018)the Academic Excellence Foundation of BUAA for PhD Students。
摘要Carbazole derivatives with a single phosphonic acid(PA)group are widely used as monolayer interfaces in perovskites and organic solar cells(OSCs).However,their hydrophilic nature renders ITO electrodes hydrophobic,limiting further applications.In this study,a novel carbazole-based compound functionalized with two PA groups,denoted 2PACz-D1,was designed to create a dual hydrophilic interface.This configuration enables the formation of a bilayer hole-transporting layer(HTL).Specifically,one PA group anchors to the ITO electrode,while the other generates a secondary hydrophilic surface.This allows the subsequent deposition of hydrophilic PEDOT:PSS,forming a protective bilayer HTL that shields ITO from corrosive acidic polymers.The OSCs incorporating this bilayer HTL achieved a power conversion efficiency of 19.44%and exhibited improved thermal stability compared to devices with a single HTL.This work demonstrates the potential of bis-PA carbazole derivatives for tailoring the HTL surface properties,offering promising opportunities for various organic electronic devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12102131)the Science and Technology Innovation Team Support Plan of Henan University(Grant No.23IRTSTHN016)+2 种基金the International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Henan Province(Grant No.242102521010)the Funding Program for Young Backbone Teachers in Henan Polytechnic University(Grant No.2024XQG-16)Cultivation project for the creation of“Double First Class”projects in the field of safety in Henan Polytechnic University(Grant No.AQ20250711)。
摘要Owing to the dispersion and multi-mode characteristics,guided wave non-destructive technology is promising for characterizing the interface state of incompressible viscoelastic multilayered soft plates.To effectively apply the guided waves in structural health monitoring,it is essential to attain a comprehensive understanding of dispersion and attenuation properties for Lamb waves in these plates,particularly those with weak interfaces.To achieve this,a hyper-viscoelastic fractional order model is employed to investigate Lamb waves in multilayered soft plates with weak interfaces.The analysis encompasses weak connections in both shear and vertical directions.An improved Legendre polynomial method with analytical integration expressions is employed to solve dynamic equations.The influence of weak interfaces,fractional order,and pre-deformation on wave characteristics is studied.Interestingly,results reveal the appearance of the transverse quasi-resonance for the S0 mode when pre-compression deformations reach sufficiently large magnitudes.Furthermore,phase velocity and attenuation variations are nonlinear as the weak interface coefficients increase.As these coefficients become adequately large,the variations diminish progressively,ultimately approaching a saturation point.
基金Project(2022YFC3004700)supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan Project,ChinaProject(52374241)supported by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China+3 种基金Project(KYCX24_2924)supported by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,ChinaProject(2024WLKXJ151)supported by the Graduate Innovation Program of China University of Mining and Technology,ChinaProject(GZC20241919)supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(2024ZB451)supported by the Jiangsu Province Outstanding Postdoctoral Program,China。
摘要Stress represents a critical determinant of dynamic hazards in underground coal mining operations.Heterogeneous geological features substantially influence stress distribution and magnitude throughout mining environments.To investigate the mechanical evolution and failure mechanisms of heterogeneous stratified composite coal-rock(CCR)under mining-induced stresses,three-point bending tests(TPBT)and numerical simulations are conducted on CCR specimens with varying homogeneity indices.Results show a significant positive correlation between CCR fracture strength and the homogeneity index(φ).Higher φ values are associated with more uniform displacement discontinuity zones during the fracturing process.Initial loading is observed to induce compressive strain at the upper coal-rock interface(UI),while tensile strain predominated at both the lower interface(LI)and boundary(LB).Interface strain magnitudes followed the pattern LB>LI>UI,with stability inversely proportional to strain intensity.As φ increases,interfacial stability is reduced,damage severity is amplified,and the critical strain energy release rate is elevated.These variations are primarily governed by the homogeneity-dependent redistribution of particle zones and the downward migration of resistant interfaces.These findings enhance our understanding of fracture propagation in heterogeneous CCR under mining stresses,thereby contributing to improved hazard forecasting and control strategies in coal mine composite roof systems.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52272209)。
摘要Artificial interface layer-aided zinc anodes(AIL@Zn)with simultaneously controllable Zn dendrite growth and corrosion resistance are highly expected to simultaneously achieve both high capacity and cycle stability in aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs).However,how the facet effects of the AIL guides the efficient Zn deposition behavior remains an open question.Herein,we devise a facile and scalable hydrothermal approach to synthesize various nanostructured X-CeO2 AILs to coat the Zn anode,ultimately offering an X-CeO2@Zn electrode.Among all X-CeO2@Zn anodes,rod-shaped CeO2 with exposed{110}facets modified Zn anode(R-CeO2@Zn)can effectively inhibit dendrite growth and side reactions,thereby delivering ultrastable durability over 2500 h at 1 mA cm-2/0.5 mAh cm-2and reversibility cycled for 250 h at 84.7%depth of discharge.In addition,MoS2//R-CeO2@Zn full cell delivers a significantly capacity retention rate above 99%after 1000 cycles.The superior performance originates from the exposed{110}facets,which uniquely modulate the binding and diffusion energies of Zn adatoms to promote homogeneous deposition.This work shifts the AIL design principle from mere composition selection to atomic-level facet control,offering a general strategy for next-generation battery electrodes.Additionally,the strategy proposes its extension to other metal-ion battery systems.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52302244 and 52171180)Henan Province Key Science and Technology Research Projects(Grant No.252102240001)+3 种基金the Graduate Education Reform Project of Henan Province(Grant No.2023SJGLX034Y)the Postgraduate Education Reform Project of Henan Polytechnic University(Grant No.2024YJ01)the Engineering Research Center of Low-carbon Aerospace Power,Ministry of Education(Grant No.CEPE2024021)Open Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Electronic Manufacturing and Packaging Integration,Wuhan University(Grant No.EMPI2025021)。
摘要Prelithiation is effective for compensating active lithium-ion(Li+)loss in silicon(Si)-based battery electrode materials.However,owing to the dynamic growth of the solid electrolyte interface(SEI),capacity fading remains the biggest challenge for the industrialization of Si electrodes.To address this problem,a novel ether-based prelithiation reagent was rationally designed by exploiting the weak solvent-solute coordination and the competitive reduction mechanism among electrolyte components.Precise regulation of the Li+solvation structure enhanced Li+transport during prelithiation,achieving an exceptional initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)of~100%for the Si/carbon(Si/C)anode after performing contact prelithiation for 2 min.Furthermore,the lithium fluoride(LiF)-rich interface with high mechanical toughness was pre-formed to assist in the formation of a stable SEI controlling the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)energy and binding energy of the prelithiation reagent,thereby improving the half-cell cycle performance.Consequently,the ICE of the full-cell incorporating the prelithiated Si/C anode increased by 40%compared with that containing as-received materials,and the corresponding energy density was 551.2 Wh kg-1 based on the electrode material after 3 cycles.Furthermore,theoretical calculations combined with in situ characterization techniques confirmed the strong potential of the contact prelithiation design strategy for large-scale industrial applications.
基金supported by Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering(NIMTE),a research institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52302327)+1 种基金the International Cooperation Project of CAS(181GJHZ2024122MI,181GJHZ2024092FN)the International Cooperation Project of Ningbo City(2024H034)。
摘要The ultraviolet(UV)stability of low-bandgap Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells(PSCs)remains a significant obstacle to their practical deployment.Here,we elucidate the UV-induced degradation mechanism in state-of-the-art 1.25 eV PSCs through combined electrical,mechanical,and chemical analyses.Prolonged UV exposure results in efficiency loss,primarily due to reductions in short-circuit current and built-in voltage.Detailed characterization reveals a strongly asymmetric degradation pathway:illumination from the buried interface causes more severe defect formation,charge accumulation,and mechanical softening than illumination from the top surface.UV-driven photo-doping of the ITO-nanocrystal interfacial modification layer,together with oxidation of Sn2+at the buried perovskite interface,accelerates both electronic and structural deterioration,leading to reduced carrier extraction.Guided by these insights,we show that introducing a PMMA interfacial buffer layer effectively suppresses charge buildup and interfacial oxidation,offering substantially enhanced UV stability compared with both the ITO-nanocrystal baseline and PEDOT:PSS-substitution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52472219,62133007)the project ZR2024ME073 supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundationthe Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(No.JCYJ20220530141017039)。
摘要Despite the high energy density,lithium metal batteries(LMBs)face significant cycling instability and safety challenges,especially at subzero temperatures.Herein,we report a rationally designed lowconcentrated electrolyte system that employs a low-freezing-point diluent to compress solvation sheaths,enabling the formation of a compact anion-dominated solvation structure that enhances interfacial stability and safety.Molecular dynamics reveal the unique solvation structure with close packing of anions in this low-concentration electrolyte from the micro-mesoscopic scale.The optimized electrolyte combines cost-effectiveness,superior wettability,intrinsic nonflammability,and high stability,concurrently promoting a hybrid organic-inorganic solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)for uniform lithium deposition.As a result,the Li‖LiFePO4(LFP)full cells demonstrate stable cycling for 700 cycles at the current density of 4 C.Remarkably,the electrolyte demonstrates exceptional low-temperature performance,indicating broad operational viability.This work provides a promising electrolyte design strategy that addresses both safety and excellent electrochemical performance in high-energy-density metal-based batteries,including but not restricted to Li,Na,K and Zn multivalent ion systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62304111,62304110,22579136)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFE0201800)+6 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M761492)the Project of State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays(Nos.GDX2022010009,GZR2023010046)the Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.NY223053)the Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu(Science and Technology Cooperation Project of HongKong,Macao and Taiwan,No.BZ2023059)Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics(No.22jSY015)Young Talent Fund of Xi'an Association for Science and Technology(No.959202313020)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems(No.2023B1212010003).
摘要Surface passivation via two-dimensional(2D)perovskite has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)due to the effective compensation of interfacial states.However,the in situ grown 2D perovskite passivation layers typically comprise a mixture of multiple dimensionalities at the interface,where band alignment has only been portrayed qualitatively and empirically.Herein,the interface states for precisely phase-tailored 2D perovskite passivated PSCs are quantitatively investigated.In comparison to traditional passivation molecules,2D perovskite layers based on 4-trifluoromethyl-phenylethylammonium iodide(CF3PEAI)exhibit an increased work function,introducing desirable downward band bending to eliminate the Schottky Barrier.Furthermore,precisely phase-tailored 2D layers could modulate the interface trap density and energetics.The n=1 film delivers optimal performance with a hole extraction efficiency of 95.1%.The optimized n-i-p PSCs in the two-step method significantly improve PCE to 25.40%,along with enhanced photostability and negligible hysteresis.It highlights that tailoring in the composition and phase distribution of the 2D perovskite layer could modulate the interface states at the 2D/3D interface.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201345,42271291).
摘要The frequent conversion between cropland and grassland in agropastoral ecotones poses severe challenges to the protection of grassland biodiversity,and a systematic understanding of the relationship between these two aspects is urgently needed.In this study,the West Liaohe River Basin,which is a typical agropastoral ecotone in northern China,was chosen as an example.Using the field investigation data from 2023 and 2024,we calculated various biodiversity indices at bothαandβscales for grassland vegetation and soil bacteria,and then analyzed the effects of the interactions at the cropland–grassland interface on grassland above-ground biodiversity,below-ground biodiversity,and their interrelationships.Moreover,we explored the driving factors of grassland biodiversity at the cropland–grassland interface.Notably,interactions at the cropland–grassland interface adversely affected grassland above-and below-ground biodiversity.Compared with the sampling points that were farther from the cropland–grassland interface(25 and 50 m),the sampling points located very close to the interface(5 and 10 m)had a decrease in species richness of more than 5.00%.This effect was jointly determined by various vegetation and soil attribute indicators and the regional environment.The litter and soil organic carbon played a prominent role in modulating the relationships between grassland above-and below-ground biodiversity at the cropland–grassland interface.The results suggested that intensive management of cropland and grassland should be enhanced in areas where agriculture and animal husbandry alternate,the disorderly reclamation and random abandonment of cropland should be prohibited,and the policy of returning cropland to grassland should be promoted systematically.These findings could provide reference data for related studies and promote the protection of grassland biodiversity in agropastoral ecotones.