This paper presents a Three-Dimensional(3D)cooperative guidance law with Practical Predefined-Time(PPT)convergence for multiple missiles considering approach angle(terminal lineof-sight)and simultaneous arrival constr...This paper presents a Three-Dimensional(3D)cooperative guidance law with Practical Predefined-Time(PPT)convergence for multiple missiles considering approach angle(terminal lineof-sight)and simultaneous arrival constraints.To achieve a salvo attack against a maneuvering target from various directions,the guidance problem is tackled by addressing two critical factors:ensuring that the time-of-arrival is consistent and that the desired approach angles can be met.Considering the short duration of the homing guidance process,the convergence with predefined time for guidance states(especially the approach angle and time-to-go)is factored in.First,for the simultaneous arrival,a PPT guidance law is developed,which can meet the same time-to-go convergence rate in the Line-of-Sight(LOS)direction.Then,in the normal LOS direction,a 3D PPT guidance law is presented considering the approach angle constraint so that the desired approach angles can be reached within a user-designed time.The time-based generator technique is employed in the proposed PPT Cooperative Guidance Law(PPTCGL)to avoid the time-varying gain singularity issue.Notably,this technique can allow the convergence time to be preset in advance,independent of initial system conditions and tuning parameters.Additionally,to avoid excessive gain and improve the robustness of guidance law,a PPT disturbance observer is designed against uncertainties and target maneuvers so that the guidance system perturbation can be compensated in real time.It is userfriendly that the convergence of disturbance estimation can be met with a flexible pre-setting time before achieving the terminal guidance constraints.Finally,extensive numerical simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed PPTCGL in both the nominal cases and the Monte Carlo test.展开更多
The dynamic behavior of ice perforation has a great application background.This study investigates the perforation mechanics of an ice plate through experimental and numerical methods.Dimensional analysis is performed...The dynamic behavior of ice perforation has a great application background.This study investigates the perforation mechanics of an ice plate through experimental and numerical methods.Dimensional analysis is performed to identify the governing factors for the residual velocity of the projectile,the maximum deceleration of the projectile,and the damage diameters of the ice plate.Results show that:(1)The residual velocity of the projectile increases with its mass and impact velocity but decreases with ice plate thickness.The maximum deceleration of the projectile rises with impact velocity and ice plate thickness while declining with its mass.(2)The damage diameter on the impact surface of the ice plate grows with impact velocity,whereas the back-surface diameter remains velocity-insensitive.The damage diameters on both ice surfaces expand with ice plate thickness but show no clear dependence on projectile mass.Based on the simulation results,the scaling laws and predictive formulas for these concerned parameters are proposed.These results provide quantitative insights into ice perforation dynamics,advancing predictive capabilities for engineering design.展开更多
Affected by the depositional environment,coal seams in the weathered and oxidized zone and their overlying strata are characterized by developed fractures and poor self-stability,leading to difficulties in roadway and...Affected by the depositional environment,coal seams in the weathered and oxidized zone and their overlying strata are characterized by developed fractures and poor self-stability,leading to difficulties in roadway and working face roof management.This paper analyzes the failure characteristics of coal-rock masses in this zone.Combined with model tests and numerical simulation methods,it investigates the stress distribution status,deformation-failure characteristics,and movement-fracture laws of the overlying strata in a fully mechanized top-coal caving working face.The results indicate:(1)Weathering and oxidation significantly degrade strength and increase plastic deformation in coal-rock masses;(2)Under mining-induced disturbance,overlying strata stress is released from the in-situ state and sharply reduced,forming stress concentration zones ahead of the coal wall and at face ends;(3)During mining,fractures propagating upwards from the coal wall trigger rib spalling and top-coal collapse,forming combined cantilever and articulated rock beam structures.The overlying strata sequentially undergo four deformation-failure stages:"bed separation,immediate roof fracture,main roof fracture,and high-level strata collapse".The research findings can provide a basis for the safe mining of fully mechanized top-coal caving faces in weathered and oxidized coal.展开更多
Accurate assessment of gas explosion risks in urban underground culverts is often hindered by the decoupling of leakage diffusion and explosion mechanics.This study develops a high-fidelity numerical framework by impl...Accurate assessment of gas explosion risks in urban underground culverts is often hindered by the decoupling of leakage diffusion and explosion mechanics.This study develops a high-fidelity numerical framework by implementing a one-way coupling strategy,where the steady-state methane concentration field simulated in FLUENT is mapped into ANSYS/LS-DYNA as the initial material status.Unlike traditional models assuming uniform gas distribution,this approach captures the realistic impact of complex culvert geometries on explosion precursors.A multimaterial coupled model involving the confined space,road surface,and surrounding air was established to investigate shock-wave propagation and structural response.The results reveal the migration laws of explosive regions in both enclosed and semi-enclosed spaces.The primary contribution is the derivation of a novel quantitative overpressure attenuation law P=A·eBx that explicitly incorporates the depth-to-width ratio,r.This formula enables the precise determination of damage radii for building structures and personnel.Validation against experimental benchmarks confirms the model’s reliability.The proposed framework and empirical formula provide a robust tool for urban safety distance planning and emergency risk zoning.展开更多
To optimize the movement of the three-degree-of-freedom(3-DOF)pectoral fins,a 3-DOF model of the dolphin-like pectoral fins was established,and the effects of different parameters of the pectoral fins on their propell...To optimize the movement of the three-degree-of-freedom(3-DOF)pectoral fins,a 3-DOF model of the dolphin-like pectoral fins was established,and the effects of different parameters of the pectoral fins on their propelling performance were simulated using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)technology.Using CFD simulation data as a training set and a multi-layer perceptron(MLP)neural network as a prediction model,the average thrust and lift of the pectoral fin motion under different motion cycles,rowing amplitudes,flapping amplitudes,and feathering amplitudes were predicted and modeled.A multi-objective genetic algorithm was used to obtain the optimal parameter values for maximum thrust and minimum absolute lift,and the optimal motion law for 3-DOF motion was brought.The results showed that the optimal propulsion performance was achieved at a period of 1 s,a rowing amplitude of 36°,a flapping amplitude of 18°,and a feathering amplitude of 56°.Finally,the force and displacement of the robotic fish were collected through indoor pool experiments and compared with the simulation results,indicating that the simulation results are of considerable reliability.The research results have specific guiding significance for the design of the pectoral fins of biomimetic robotic fish.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate asymptotic behavior of global solution to the initialboundary value problem of a hyperbolic system with Cattaneo's law on negative half line.Our aim is to prove that the asymptotic pro...In this paper,we investigate asymptotic behavior of global solution to the initialboundary value problem of a hyperbolic system with Cattaneo's law on negative half line.Our aim is to prove that the asymptotic profile of the global solution is exactly the stationary viscous shock wave under suitable smallness condition on initial perturbations and shock strength.The proofs are given by applying an weighted L2-energy method.展开更多
Against the backdrop of the national strategy for educational digitalization and the in-depth advancement of AI-enabled ideological and political education reform,the profound integration of moral education and rule-o...Against the backdrop of the national strategy for educational digitalization and the in-depth advancement of AI-enabled ideological and political education reform,the profound integration of moral education and rule-of-law education in universities effectively addresses prominent problems of artificial intelligence application in ideological and political courses,namely idle technological operation,value deficiency and ambiguous educational targets.From the perspectives of jurisprudence and educational policies,talent cultivation integrating morality and the rule of law serves as a core initiative to implement Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and fulfill the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education.It complies with national educational and legal policies including the Guidelines for Promoting Curriculum-Based Ideological and Political Education in Institutions of Higher Education and the Opinions on Implementing the Excellence Program 2.0 for Legal Talent Training by Adhering to the Integrated Cultivation of Morality and the Rule of Law.展开更多
In May 2026,several major policies took effect or were announced,reshaping global textile supply chains.These include the revised Maritime Law,zero-tariff treatment,and adjustments in India’s tariff and certification...In May 2026,several major policies took effect or were announced,reshaping global textile supply chains.These include the revised Maritime Law,zero-tariff treatment,and adjustments in India’s tariff and certification rules.The trend shows that global textile trade is entering a period of active rule changes,affecting cross-border sourcing,logistics costs,and compliance management.展开更多
In this paper,we establish some strong laws of large numbers,which are for nonindependent random variables under the framework of sublinear expectations.One of our main results is for blockwise m-dependent random vari...In this paper,we establish some strong laws of large numbers,which are for nonindependent random variables under the framework of sublinear expectations.One of our main results is for blockwise m-dependent random variables,and another is for sub-orthogonal random variables.Both extend the strong law of large numbers for independent random variables under sublinear expectations to the non-independent case.展开更多
Biologists have calculated the allometric growth patterns of birds in terms of morphological and motion parameters,expressing the five parameters of wingspan,wing area,cruising speed,flapping frequency,and flight powe...Biologists have calculated the allometric growth patterns of birds in terms of morphological and motion parameters,expressing the five parameters of wingspan,wing area,cruising speed,flapping frequency,and flight power as power functions of weight.Aviation designers utilize this formula to derive the initial values of the morphological and motion parameters of Flapping Wing Air Vehicles(FWAV),a process we refer to as the traditional scaling method.Traditional avian scaling laws establish power-exponential relationships between body weight and key flight parameters,guiding bionic aircraft design.However,limitations persist in their direct application to FWAVs.This study proposes an enhanced scaling law methodology addressing four critical aspects:(1)Introducing a weight correction coefficient to map avian flight functionality specifically to FWAVs design requirements,isolating flight-related mass from total avian mass associated with broader biological activities.(2)Rectifying the frequency formula by incorporating wing length-frequency statistics and integrating flapping amplitude via the Strouhal number definition,comprehensively representing motion parameters through periodic average angular velocity.(3)Refitting scaling law parameters using morphological data from specific bionic objects(e.g.,pigeons,eagles)to reduce parameter scatter inherent in traditional laws derived from birds spanning grams to kilograms with divergent morphologies.(4)Validating the method through the design and testing of a pigeon-inspired FWAV prototype.Experimental results demonstrate that parameters estimated via the improved method align closely with the optimized aircraft’s performance,achieving an endurance of 185 min on a single charge.This approach significantly reduces intermediate optimization needs,enhances design rationality,and provides a novel pathway for efficient FWAV development.展开更多
Adolescents who abuse tobacco are more vulnerable to long-term nicotine dependence,and more than 75%of current smokers started smoking during puberty[1].This early initiation is particularly concerning because the pre...Adolescents who abuse tobacco are more vulnerable to long-term nicotine dependence,and more than 75%of current smokers started smoking during puberty[1].This early initiation is particularly concerning because the prefrontal cortex,which governs executive functions and complex behavior,is not fully mature until age 25,making it especially susceptible to the neurotoxic effects of smoking[2].The smoking rate among Chinese secondary school students decreased from 5.9%in 2019 to 4.2%in 2023[3].However,easy access to cigarettes remains a critical obstacle to further reducing the smoking rate[4].China’s tobacco control strategy goes beyond general population measures to include specific policies protecting minors,such as the Tobacco Monopoly Law(1991)and the Law on the Protection of Minors(2006),which explicitly prohibit tobacco sales to minors.A 2020 revision of the Law on the Protection of Minors,which came into effect in June 2021,introduced specific penalties for noncompliance and significantly enhanced the enforceability of the legislation[5].展开更多
The capture zones of the continuous and pulsed guidance laws in the pursuit-evasion game are analytically discussed in this paper to provide deep insights into the capturability distinction between the continuous guid...The capture zones of the continuous and pulsed guidance laws in the pursuit-evasion game are analytically discussed in this paper to provide deep insights into the capturability distinction between the continuous guidance law and the pulsed guidance law.Specifically,first,in the pursuit-evasion game,various capture cases are defined regarding the Zero-Effort Miss distance(ZEM)to facilitate the capturability analysis.Then,for both the evader and the pursuer,the Linear-Quadratic Differential Game(LQDG)guidance laws concerning the continuous acceleration and the pulsed acceleration are converted into a unified form.In each capture case,the optimal solution existence conditions are derived,and the corresponding capture zones are formulated.The discussion on the capture zones shows that if the optimal solution exists,the distinction between the pulsed guidance law and the continuous guidance law can be neglected under small guidance effort weight.However,the capture zone of the continuous guidance law is larger than that of the pulsed guidance law with large pursuer guidance effort weight,but smaller with large evader guidance effort weight.Finally,various simulations are conducted to illustrate the distinction of the continuous and pulsed guidance laws,as well as the impact of the acceleration ratio and the time constant ratio on the capturability.展开更多
In the present study,the exploration focuses on the relationship between relaxation time and strain rate in polymer-bonded sugar(PBS).This investigation encompasses a wide range of strain rates varying from 10−5s^(...In the present study,the exploration focuses on the relationship between relaxation time and strain rate in polymer-bonded sugar(PBS).This investigation encompasses a wide range of strain rates varying from 10−5s−1to 105s−1,covering 11 orders of magnitude from quasi-static to intensive impact loading.Stress and strain curves of the material were acquired through quasi-static compression,Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB),and first-stage light gas gun experiments at various loading speeds.These curves exhibit a noticeable correlation with strain rate,suggesting the presence of a viscosity effect on the material.The Maxwell model is employed to characterize the stress-strain curves.The findings verify that the strain rate dependence of relaxation time follows a power law relationship across static loading to intensive impact conditions.展开更多
The Wiedemann-Franz(WF)law,a foundational principle in condensed matter physics,posits a direct proportionality between the electronic contributions to thermal and electrical conductivity.However,recent experimental o...The Wiedemann-Franz(WF)law,a foundational principle in condensed matter physics,posits a direct proportionality between the electronic contributions to thermal and electrical conductivity.However,recent experimental observations,particularly in materials like vanadium dioxide(VO2),have revealed significant violations of this law.Furthermore,a growing body of evidence indicates its inapplicability under cryogenic conditions,highlighting the need for a more comprehensive theoretical framework.This study addresses this discrepancy by deriving a generalized WF law.Beginning with the thermodynamic potential of a relativistic degenerate electron gas and electron density functions,we employ a swallowtail catastrophe model grounded in structural stability principles,in conjunction with non-dimensional analysis.The resulting formulation yields a general WF law that correctly satisfies the boundary conditions at both cryogenic and infinite-temperature limits.Our findings reveal that the relationship between thermal and electrical conductivity is fundamentally nonlinear,intrinsically dependent on the material's relaxation time and chemical potential.To validate our framework,we have applied the derived law to calculate the thermal conductivity of VO2,achieving excellent agreement with previously reported experimental data.This generalized WF law provides a robust theoretical tool for analyzing electron transport phenomena and holds significant potential for investigating phase transitions in metals and superconductors.展开更多
This paper presents a geometric perspective that connects reciprocal transformations with multidimensional integrable deformations.By interpreting conservation laws as closed 1-forms,we formalize reciprocal transforma...This paper presents a geometric perspective that connects reciprocal transformations with multidimensional integrable deformations.By interpreting conservation laws as closed 1-forms,we formalize reciprocal transformations as induced local diffeomorphisms on the jet bundle.This allows us to characterize higher-dimensional deformations as systematic fiber bundle extensions,where fiber coordinates are generated by potential functions of the conservation laws.This perspective provides an interpretation for the covariant lifting of Lax pairs to higher dimensions and reveals that auto-Bäcklund transformations are composite diffeomorphisms.These results are applied to several classical integrable models.展开更多
Cohesive zone models(CZMs)are widely used to simulate interfacial fracture,where the post-peak softening branch of the traction-separation law(TSL)can strongly influence both the predicted response and the numerical b...Cohesive zone models(CZMs)are widely used to simulate interfacial fracture,where the post-peak softening branch of the traction-separation law(TSL)can strongly influence both the predicted response and the numerical behavior,particularly when the fracture process zone is not small relative to the structure.In Abaqus,however,cohesive elements are natively restricted to bilinear and linear-exponential TSLs,and implementing other softening behaviors typically requires user subroutines,which requires advanced knowledge and limits rapid model development and testing.This work exploits Abaqus’s tabular damage-evolution capability in a different way by constructing the damage variable analytically from a prescribed post-initiation softening response,thereby enabling the direct implementation of a broad class of admissible analytical TSLs,as well as softening curves obtained by fitting experimental data,within the standard Abaqus workflow and without user subroutines.The formulation is developed for pure-mode and mode-independent cohesive behavior with similar interfacial properties in the normal and shear directions and provides a direct mapping between a desired softening response and the corresponding damage evolution.The approach is verified through mode-I and mode-II patch tests,which reproduce the Abaqus-native linear and exponential softening responses exactly under loading and unloadingeloading,and is further assessed using a double cantilever beam delamination benchmark that highlights the sensitivity of the structural response to softening shape while enabling non-native laws,such as modified PPR softening,to be evaluated natively.Finally,simulations of a bioinspired nacre-like composite layer demonstrate how a compact general softening form governs macroscopic stress-strain behavior and fracture patterns in complex microstructures.Collectively,these examples and results establish a practical and robust pathway for implementing and comparing physically meaningful cohesive softening behaviors in Abaqus with minimal overhead.展开更多
Platform employment relies on algorithmic management for task allocation,dynamic pricing,and behavioral monitoring,thereby exposing platform workers to unstable earnings,excessive labor intensity,and occupational safe...Platform employment relies on algorithmic management for task allocation,dynamic pricing,and behavioral monitoring,thereby exposing platform workers to unstable earnings,excessive labor intensity,and occupational safety risks.In addressing the labor risks associated with platform employment,both existing labor law and algorithmic regulation exhibit significant limitations.A complementary governance framework that combines the respective strengths of labor law and algorithmic regulation can therefore be developed under the guiding principles of procedural justice and substantive justice,thereby establishing a dual-dimensional governance model for platform employment.At the substantive level,the bottom-line protections provided by labor standards can be combined with the technical advantages of algorithmic regulation to achieve bottom-line labor protections through substantive code review aimed at limiting algorithmic power.At the procedural level,the democratic advantages of collective bargaining can be combined with the organizational advantages of algorithmic regulation to balance labor protection and flexibility in platform employment through worker autonomy and algorithmic procedural control.展开更多
As a crucial aspect of international governance,international standardization requires legitimacy grounded in the principles and frameworks established by international law.Building upon an understanding of the common...As a crucial aspect of international governance,international standardization requires legitimacy grounded in the principles and frameworks established by international law.Building upon an understanding of the commonalities between international law and international standardization,this paper explores the mechanism through which international law centered on treaties empowers international standardization.展开更多
The report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)points out that Chinese modernization“contains elements that are common to the modernization processes of all countries,but it is more c...The report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)points out that Chinese modernization“contains elements that are common to the modernization processes of all countries,but it is more characterized by features that are unique to the Chinese context.”1 To gain a scientific understanding of Chinese modernization,it is imperative to grasp both its distinctive Chinese characteristics and the common features of modernization processes of all countries around the world,as well as to comprehend both its essence and principles and the pathways to its realization.展开更多
Based on an analysis of the issues in physical education in primary and secondary schools in frontier minority areas,this paper proposes that improving the rule of law in this context requires perfecting the instituti...Based on an analysis of the issues in physical education in primary and secondary schools in frontier minority areas,this paper proposes that improving the rule of law in this context requires perfecting the institutional system for school physical education,exploring the integration of traditional ethnic sports resources into the curriculum,and providing targeted state support for the rule of law in physical education in these regions.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62573024)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China(No.4242041)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Chinathe Project of National Key Laboratory of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology in Northwestern Polytechnical University,China(No.WR202404)。
摘要This paper presents a Three-Dimensional(3D)cooperative guidance law with Practical Predefined-Time(PPT)convergence for multiple missiles considering approach angle(terminal lineof-sight)and simultaneous arrival constraints.To achieve a salvo attack against a maneuvering target from various directions,the guidance problem is tackled by addressing two critical factors:ensuring that the time-of-arrival is consistent and that the desired approach angles can be met.Considering the short duration of the homing guidance process,the convergence with predefined time for guidance states(especially the approach angle and time-to-go)is factored in.First,for the simultaneous arrival,a PPT guidance law is developed,which can meet the same time-to-go convergence rate in the Line-of-Sight(LOS)direction.Then,in the normal LOS direction,a 3D PPT guidance law is presented considering the approach angle constraint so that the desired approach angles can be reached within a user-designed time.The time-based generator technique is employed in the proposed PPT Cooperative Guidance Law(PPTCGL)to avoid the time-varying gain singularity issue.Notably,this technique can allow the convergence time to be preset in advance,independent of initial system conditions and tuning parameters.Additionally,to avoid excessive gain and improve the robustness of guidance law,a PPT disturbance observer is designed against uncertainties and target maneuvers so that the guidance system perturbation can be compensated in real time.It is userfriendly that the convergence of disturbance estimation can be met with a flexible pre-setting time before achieving the terminal guidance constraints.Finally,extensive numerical simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed PPTCGL in both the nominal cases and the Monte Carlo test.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12002349,12272391,and 12232020).
摘要The dynamic behavior of ice perforation has a great application background.This study investigates the perforation mechanics of an ice plate through experimental and numerical methods.Dimensional analysis is performed to identify the governing factors for the residual velocity of the projectile,the maximum deceleration of the projectile,and the damage diameters of the ice plate.Results show that:(1)The residual velocity of the projectile increases with its mass and impact velocity but decreases with ice plate thickness.The maximum deceleration of the projectile rises with impact velocity and ice plate thickness while declining with its mass.(2)The damage diameter on the impact surface of the ice plate grows with impact velocity,whereas the back-surface diameter remains velocity-insensitive.The damage diameters on both ice surfaces expand with ice plate thickness but show no clear dependence on projectile mass.Based on the simulation results,the scaling laws and predictive formulas for these concerned parameters are proposed.These results provide quantitative insights into ice perforation dynamics,advancing predictive capabilities for engineering design.
基金Projects(52504135,52404132,42302316)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(ZR2025QC466)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China。
摘要Affected by the depositional environment,coal seams in the weathered and oxidized zone and their overlying strata are characterized by developed fractures and poor self-stability,leading to difficulties in roadway and working face roof management.This paper analyzes the failure characteristics of coal-rock masses in this zone.Combined with model tests and numerical simulation methods,it investigates the stress distribution status,deformation-failure characteristics,and movement-fracture laws of the overlying strata in a fully mechanized top-coal caving working face.The results indicate:(1)Weathering and oxidation significantly degrade strength and increase plastic deformation in coal-rock masses;(2)Under mining-induced disturbance,overlying strata stress is released from the in-situ state and sharply reduced,forming stress concentration zones ahead of the coal wall and at face ends;(3)During mining,fractures propagating upwards from the coal wall trigger rib spalling and top-coal collapse,forming combined cantilever and articulated rock beam structures.The overlying strata sequentially undergo four deformation-failure stages:"bed separation,immediate roof fracture,main roof fracture,and high-level strata collapse".The research findings can provide a basis for the safe mining of fully mechanized top-coal caving faces in weathered and oxidized coal.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52374068)is appreciated.
摘要Accurate assessment of gas explosion risks in urban underground culverts is often hindered by the decoupling of leakage diffusion and explosion mechanics.This study develops a high-fidelity numerical framework by implementing a one-way coupling strategy,where the steady-state methane concentration field simulated in FLUENT is mapped into ANSYS/LS-DYNA as the initial material status.Unlike traditional models assuming uniform gas distribution,this approach captures the realistic impact of complex culvert geometries on explosion precursors.A multimaterial coupled model involving the confined space,road surface,and surrounding air was established to investigate shock-wave propagation and structural response.The results reveal the migration laws of explosive regions in both enclosed and semi-enclosed spaces.The primary contribution is the derivation of a novel quantitative overpressure attenuation law P=A·eBx that explicitly incorporates the depth-to-width ratio,r.This formula enables the precise determination of damage radii for building structures and personnel.Validation against experimental benchmarks confirms the model’s reliability.The proposed framework and empirical formula provide a robust tool for urban safety distance planning and emergency risk zoning.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61663020,12175032,12102082,12275044 and 12211530449)the Higher Educational Institutions Industrial Support Program of Gansu Province(No.2022CYZC-33)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis of Industrial Equipment,Dalian University of Technology(No.GZ22119)。
摘要To optimize the movement of the three-degree-of-freedom(3-DOF)pectoral fins,a 3-DOF model of the dolphin-like pectoral fins was established,and the effects of different parameters of the pectoral fins on their propelling performance were simulated using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)technology.Using CFD simulation data as a training set and a multi-layer perceptron(MLP)neural network as a prediction model,the average thrust and lift of the pectoral fin motion under different motion cycles,rowing amplitudes,flapping amplitudes,and feathering amplitudes were predicted and modeled.A multi-objective genetic algorithm was used to obtain the optimal parameter values for maximum thrust and minimum absolute lift,and the optimal motion law for 3-DOF motion was brought.The results showed that the optimal propulsion performance was achieved at a period of 1 s,a rowing amplitude of 36°,a flapping amplitude of 18°,and a feathering amplitude of 56°.Finally,the force and displacement of the robotic fish were collected through indoor pool experiments and compared with the simulation results,indicating that the simulation results are of considerable reliability.The research results have specific guiding significance for the design of the pectoral fins of biomimetic robotic fish.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(11871388)the Wuhan Science and Technology(Chenguang Project)(2024040801020332)。
摘要In this paper,we investigate asymptotic behavior of global solution to the initialboundary value problem of a hyperbolic system with Cattaneo's law on negative half line.Our aim is to prove that the asymptotic profile of the global solution is exactly the stationary viscous shock wave under suitable smallness condition on initial perturbations and shock strength.The proofs are given by applying an weighted L2-energy method.
摘要Against the backdrop of the national strategy for educational digitalization and the in-depth advancement of AI-enabled ideological and political education reform,the profound integration of moral education and rule-of-law education in universities effectively addresses prominent problems of artificial intelligence application in ideological and political courses,namely idle technological operation,value deficiency and ambiguous educational targets.From the perspectives of jurisprudence and educational policies,talent cultivation integrating morality and the rule of law serves as a core initiative to implement Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and fulfill the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education.It complies with national educational and legal policies including the Guidelines for Promoting Curriculum-Based Ideological and Political Education in Institutions of Higher Education and the Opinions on Implementing the Excellence Program 2.0 for Legal Talent Training by Adhering to the Integrated Cultivation of Morality and the Rule of Law.
摘要In May 2026,several major policies took effect or were announced,reshaping global textile supply chains.These include the revised Maritime Law,zero-tariff treatment,and adjustments in India’s tariff and certification rules.The trend shows that global textile trade is entering a period of active rule changes,affecting cross-border sourcing,logistics costs,and compliance management.
摘要In this paper,we establish some strong laws of large numbers,which are for nonindependent random variables under the framework of sublinear expectations.One of our main results is for blockwise m-dependent random variables,and another is for sub-orthogonal random variables.Both extend the strong law of large numbers for independent random variables under sublinear expectations to the non-independent case.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52175277 and 12272318the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesND Basic Research Funds under Grant G2022WD.
摘要Biologists have calculated the allometric growth patterns of birds in terms of morphological and motion parameters,expressing the five parameters of wingspan,wing area,cruising speed,flapping frequency,and flight power as power functions of weight.Aviation designers utilize this formula to derive the initial values of the morphological and motion parameters of Flapping Wing Air Vehicles(FWAV),a process we refer to as the traditional scaling method.Traditional avian scaling laws establish power-exponential relationships between body weight and key flight parameters,guiding bionic aircraft design.However,limitations persist in their direct application to FWAVs.This study proposes an enhanced scaling law methodology addressing four critical aspects:(1)Introducing a weight correction coefficient to map avian flight functionality specifically to FWAVs design requirements,isolating flight-related mass from total avian mass associated with broader biological activities.(2)Rectifying the frequency formula by incorporating wing length-frequency statistics and integrating flapping amplitude via the Strouhal number definition,comprehensively representing motion parameters through periodic average angular velocity.(3)Refitting scaling law parameters using morphological data from specific bionic objects(e.g.,pigeons,eagles)to reduce parameter scatter inherent in traditional laws derived from birds spanning grams to kilograms with divergent morphologies.(4)Validating the method through the design and testing of a pigeon-inspired FWAV prototype.Experimental results demonstrate that parameters estimated via the improved method align closely with the optimized aircraft’s performance,achieving an endurance of 185 min on a single charge.This approach significantly reduces intermediate optimization needs,enhances design rationality,and provides a novel pathway for efficient FWAV development.
摘要Adolescents who abuse tobacco are more vulnerable to long-term nicotine dependence,and more than 75%of current smokers started smoking during puberty[1].This early initiation is particularly concerning because the prefrontal cortex,which governs executive functions and complex behavior,is not fully mature until age 25,making it especially susceptible to the neurotoxic effects of smoking[2].The smoking rate among Chinese secondary school students decreased from 5.9%in 2019 to 4.2%in 2023[3].However,easy access to cigarettes remains a critical obstacle to further reducing the smoking rate[4].China’s tobacco control strategy goes beyond general population measures to include specific policies protecting minors,such as the Tobacco Monopoly Law(1991)and the Law on the Protection of Minors(2006),which explicitly prohibit tobacco sales to minors.A 2020 revision of the Law on the Protection of Minors,which came into effect in June 2021,introduced specific penalties for noncompliance and significantly enhanced the enforceability of the legislation[5].
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U24B20157,62203031)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality,China(No.4242041)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(No.LY24F030002)the Aeronautical ScienceFoundation of China(No.2024Z066051001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China。
摘要The capture zones of the continuous and pulsed guidance laws in the pursuit-evasion game are analytically discussed in this paper to provide deep insights into the capturability distinction between the continuous guidance law and the pulsed guidance law.Specifically,first,in the pursuit-evasion game,various capture cases are defined regarding the Zero-Effort Miss distance(ZEM)to facilitate the capturability analysis.Then,for both the evader and the pursuer,the Linear-Quadratic Differential Game(LQDG)guidance laws concerning the continuous acceleration and the pulsed acceleration are converted into a unified form.In each capture case,the optimal solution existence conditions are derived,and the corresponding capture zones are formulated.The discussion on the capture zones shows that if the optimal solution exists,the distinction between the pulsed guidance law and the continuous guidance law can be neglected under small guidance effort weight.However,the capture zone of the continuous guidance law is larger than that of the pulsed guidance law with large pursuer guidance effort weight,but smaller with large evader guidance effort weight.Finally,various simulations are conducted to illustrate the distinction of the continuous and pulsed guidance laws,as well as the impact of the acceleration ratio and the time constant ratio on the capturability.
基金financial support by NSAF(U133010)and NSFC(52478423)the fundamental research funds for the central universities(2024ZKPYLJ03)+3 种基金Ningbo Key Technology Breakthrough Plan Project of“Science and Technology Innovation Yongjiang 2035“(2024Z256)the Science and Technology Innovation 2025 Major Project of Ningbo City(2022Z209)the 14th Five-Year National key research and development Plan“Sichuan-Tibet Railway”key special young scientist project(2023YFB2390300)K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University.
摘要In the present study,the exploration focuses on the relationship between relaxation time and strain rate in polymer-bonded sugar(PBS).This investigation encompasses a wide range of strain rates varying from 10−5s−1to 105s−1,covering 11 orders of magnitude from quasi-static to intensive impact loading.Stress and strain curves of the material were acquired through quasi-static compression,Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB),and first-stage light gas gun experiments at various loading speeds.These curves exhibit a noticeable correlation with strain rate,suggesting the presence of a viscosity effect on the material.The Maxwell model is employed to characterize the stress-strain curves.The findings verify that the strain rate dependence of relaxation time follows a power law relationship across static loading to intensive impact conditions.
摘要The Wiedemann-Franz(WF)law,a foundational principle in condensed matter physics,posits a direct proportionality between the electronic contributions to thermal and electrical conductivity.However,recent experimental observations,particularly in materials like vanadium dioxide(VO2),have revealed significant violations of this law.Furthermore,a growing body of evidence indicates its inapplicability under cryogenic conditions,highlighting the need for a more comprehensive theoretical framework.This study addresses this discrepancy by deriving a generalized WF law.Beginning with the thermodynamic potential of a relativistic degenerate electron gas and electron density functions,we employ a swallowtail catastrophe model grounded in structural stability principles,in conjunction with non-dimensional analysis.The resulting formulation yields a general WF law that correctly satisfies the boundary conditions at both cryogenic and infinite-temperature limits.Our findings reveal that the relationship between thermal and electrical conductivity is fundamentally nonlinear,intrinsically dependent on the material's relaxation time and chemical potential.To validate our framework,we have applied the derived law to calculate the thermal conductivity of VO2,achieving excellent agreement with previously reported experimental data.This generalized WF law provides a robust theoretical tool for analyzing electron transport phenomena and holds significant potential for investigating phase transitions in metals and superconductors.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12235007,11975131)。
摘要This paper presents a geometric perspective that connects reciprocal transformations with multidimensional integrable deformations.By interpreting conservation laws as closed 1-forms,we formalize reciprocal transformations as induced local diffeomorphisms on the jet bundle.This allows us to characterize higher-dimensional deformations as systematic fiber bundle extensions,where fiber coordinates are generated by potential functions of the conservation laws.This perspective provides an interpretation for the covariant lifting of Lax pairs to higher dimensions and reveals that auto-Bäcklund transformations are composite diffeomorphisms.These results are applied to several classical integrable models.
基金A grant from the University of Texas at San Antonio,Office of the Vice President for Research,funded this research.
摘要Cohesive zone models(CZMs)are widely used to simulate interfacial fracture,where the post-peak softening branch of the traction-separation law(TSL)can strongly influence both the predicted response and the numerical behavior,particularly when the fracture process zone is not small relative to the structure.In Abaqus,however,cohesive elements are natively restricted to bilinear and linear-exponential TSLs,and implementing other softening behaviors typically requires user subroutines,which requires advanced knowledge and limits rapid model development and testing.This work exploits Abaqus’s tabular damage-evolution capability in a different way by constructing the damage variable analytically from a prescribed post-initiation softening response,thereby enabling the direct implementation of a broad class of admissible analytical TSLs,as well as softening curves obtained by fitting experimental data,within the standard Abaqus workflow and without user subroutines.The formulation is developed for pure-mode and mode-independent cohesive behavior with similar interfacial properties in the normal and shear directions and provides a direct mapping between a desired softening response and the corresponding damage evolution.The approach is verified through mode-I and mode-II patch tests,which reproduce the Abaqus-native linear and exponential softening responses exactly under loading and unloadingeloading,and is further assessed using a double cantilever beam delamination benchmark that highlights the sensitivity of the structural response to softening shape while enabling non-native laws,such as modified PPR softening,to be evaluated natively.Finally,simulations of a bioinspired nacre-like composite layer demonstrate how a compact general softening form governs macroscopic stress-strain behavior and fracture patterns in complex microstructures.Collectively,these examples and results establish a practical and robust pathway for implementing and comparing physically meaningful cohesive softening behaviors in Abaqus with minimal overhead.
摘要Platform employment relies on algorithmic management for task allocation,dynamic pricing,and behavioral monitoring,thereby exposing platform workers to unstable earnings,excessive labor intensity,and occupational safety risks.In addressing the labor risks associated with platform employment,both existing labor law and algorithmic regulation exhibit significant limitations.A complementary governance framework that combines the respective strengths of labor law and algorithmic regulation can therefore be developed under the guiding principles of procedural justice and substantive justice,thereby establishing a dual-dimensional governance model for platform employment.At the substantive level,the bottom-line protections provided by labor standards can be combined with the technical advantages of algorithmic regulation to achieve bottom-line labor protections through substantive code review aimed at limiting algorithmic power.At the procedural level,the democratic advantages of collective bargaining can be combined with the organizational advantages of algorithmic regulation to balance labor protection and flexibility in platform employment through worker autonomy and algorithmic procedural control.
摘要As a crucial aspect of international governance,international standardization requires legitimacy grounded in the principles and frameworks established by international law.Building upon an understanding of the commonalities between international law and international standardization,this paper explores the mechanism through which international law centered on treaties empowers international standardization.
摘要The report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)points out that Chinese modernization“contains elements that are common to the modernization processes of all countries,but it is more characterized by features that are unique to the Chinese context.”1 To gain a scientific understanding of Chinese modernization,it is imperative to grasp both its distinctive Chinese characteristics and the common features of modernization processes of all countries around the world,as well as to comprehend both its essence and principles and the pathways to its realization.
摘要Based on an analysis of the issues in physical education in primary and secondary schools in frontier minority areas,this paper proposes that improving the rule of law in this context requires perfecting the institutional system for school physical education,exploring the integration of traditional ethnic sports resources into the curriculum,and providing targeted state support for the rule of law in physical education in these regions.