Internet of things(IoT)is used in various fields such as smart cities,smart home,manufacturing industries,and healthcare.Its application in healthcare has many advantages and disadvantages.One of its most common proto...Internet of things(IoT)is used in various fields such as smart cities,smart home,manufacturing industries,and healthcare.Its application in healthcare has many advantages and disadvantages.One of its most common protocols is Message Queue Telemetry Transport(MQTT).MQTT protocol works as a publisher/subscriber which is suitable for IoT devices with limited power.One of the drawbacks of MQTT is that it is easy to manipulate.The default security provided by MQTT during user authentication,through username and password,does not provide any type of data encryption,to ensure confidentiality or integrity.This paper focuses on the security of IoT healthcare over the MQTT protocol,through the implementation of lightweight generating and key exchange algorithms.The research contribution of this paper is twofold.The first one is to implement a lightweight generating and key exchange algorithm for MQTT protocol,with the key length of 64 bits through OMNET++simulation.The second one is to obtain lower power consumption from some existing algorithms.Moreover,the power consumption through using the proposed algorithm is 0.78%,1.16%,and 1.93% of power for 256 bits,512 bits,and 1024 respectively.On the other hand,the power consumption without using the encryption is 0.25%,0.51%,and 1.03% for the same three payloads length.展开更多
This paper proposes SW-YOLO(StarNet Weighted-Conv YOLO),a lightweight human pose estimation network for edge devices.Current mainstream pose estimation algorithms are computationally inefficient and have poor feature ...This paper proposes SW-YOLO(StarNet Weighted-Conv YOLO),a lightweight human pose estimation network for edge devices.Current mainstream pose estimation algorithms are computationally inefficient and have poor feature capture capabilities for complex poses and occlusion scenarios.This work introduces a lightweight backbone architecture that integrates WConv(Weighted Convolution)and StarNet modules to address these issues.Leveraging StarNet’s superior capabilities in multi-level feature fusion and long-range dependency modeling,this architecture enhances the model’s spatial perception of human joint structures and contextual information integration.These improvements significantly enhance robustness in complex scenarios involving occlusion and deformation.Additionally,the introduction of WConv convolution operations,based on weight recalibration and receptive field optimization,dynamically adjusts feature importance during convolution.This reduces redundant computations while maintaining or enhancing feature representation capabilities at an extremely low computational cost.Consequently,SW-YOLO substantially reduces model complexity and inference latency while preserving high accuracy,significantly outperforming existing lightweight networks.展开更多
With the new era of the Internet of Things(IoT)technology,many devices with limited resources are utilized.Those devices are susceptible to a signicant number of new malware and other risks emerging rapidly.One of the...With the new era of the Internet of Things(IoT)technology,many devices with limited resources are utilized.Those devices are susceptible to a signicant number of new malware and other risks emerging rapidly.One of the most appropriate methods for securing those IoT applications is cryptographic algorithms,as cryptography masks information by eliminating the risk of collecting any meaningful information patterns.This ensures that all data communications are private,accurate,authenticated,authorized,or nonrepudiated.Since conventional cryptographic algorithms have been developed specically for devices with limited resources;however,it turns out that such algorithms are not ideal for IoT restricted devices with their current conguration.Therefore,lightweight block ciphers are gaining popularity to meet the requirements of low-power and constrained devices.A new ultra-lightweight secret-key block-enciphering algorithm named“LBC-IoT”is proposed in this paper.The proposed block length is 32-bit supporting key lengths of 80-bit,and it is mainly based on the Feistel structure.Energy-efcient cryptographic features in“LBC-IoT”include the use of simple functions(shift,XOR)and small rigid substitution boxes(4-bit-S-boxes).Besides,it is immune to different types of attacks such as linear,differential,and side-channel as well as exible in terms of implementation.Moreover,LBC-IoT achieves reasonable performance in both hardware and software compared to other recent algorithms.LBC-IoT’s hardware implementation results are very promising(smallest ever area“548”GE)and competitive with today’s leading lightweight ciphers.LBC-IoT is also ideally suited for ultra-restricted devices such as RFID tags.展开更多
针对分布式光伏中常见的最大功率点跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)算法难以同时解决组件本身失配与组件间失配的问题,提出一种轻量级MPPT算法——搜寻维持法(search and maintain,S&M)。该算法在搜寻阶段通过一次遍历快...针对分布式光伏中常见的最大功率点跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)算法难以同时解决组件本身失配与组件间失配的问题,提出一种轻量级MPPT算法——搜寻维持法(search and maintain,S&M)。该算法在搜寻阶段通过一次遍历快速获取光伏组件的功率,并在确定全局最大功率点后切换到维持阶段;在维持阶段,通过PID微调,使工作点稳定运行在最大功率点附近。该算法计算量小,便于在各类嵌入式平台中实现。Simulink仿真结果表明,S&M算法相较于扰动观察法(perturb and observe,P&O)能有效缓解组件本身失配下的多峰值问题,相较于粒子群优化(particle swarm optimization,PSO)算法能够抑制组件间失配时多组件并行MPPT所引起的相互干扰。其全局最大功率点跟踪成功率达到99%以上,收敛时间可缩短至0.01 s;通过实物验证进一步证明了该算法在实际系统中能够实现多组件协同的全局最大功率点跟踪。展开更多
摘要Internet of things(IoT)is used in various fields such as smart cities,smart home,manufacturing industries,and healthcare.Its application in healthcare has many advantages and disadvantages.One of its most common protocols is Message Queue Telemetry Transport(MQTT).MQTT protocol works as a publisher/subscriber which is suitable for IoT devices with limited power.One of the drawbacks of MQTT is that it is easy to manipulate.The default security provided by MQTT during user authentication,through username and password,does not provide any type of data encryption,to ensure confidentiality or integrity.This paper focuses on the security of IoT healthcare over the MQTT protocol,through the implementation of lightweight generating and key exchange algorithms.The research contribution of this paper is twofold.The first one is to implement a lightweight generating and key exchange algorithm for MQTT protocol,with the key length of 64 bits through OMNET++simulation.The second one is to obtain lower power consumption from some existing algorithms.Moreover,the power consumption through using the proposed algorithm is 0.78%,1.16%,and 1.93% of power for 256 bits,512 bits,and 1024 respectively.On the other hand,the power consumption without using the encryption is 0.25%,0.51%,and 1.03% for the same three payloads length.
摘要This paper proposes SW-YOLO(StarNet Weighted-Conv YOLO),a lightweight human pose estimation network for edge devices.Current mainstream pose estimation algorithms are computationally inefficient and have poor feature capture capabilities for complex poses and occlusion scenarios.This work introduces a lightweight backbone architecture that integrates WConv(Weighted Convolution)and StarNet modules to address these issues.Leveraging StarNet’s superior capabilities in multi-level feature fusion and long-range dependency modeling,this architecture enhances the model’s spatial perception of human joint structures and contextual information integration.These improvements significantly enhance robustness in complex scenarios involving occlusion and deformation.Additionally,the introduction of WConv convolution operations,based on weight recalibration and receptive field optimization,dynamically adjusts feature importance during convolution.This reduces redundant computations while maintaining or enhancing feature representation capabilities at an extremely low computational cost.Consequently,SW-YOLO substantially reduces model complexity and inference latency while preserving high accuracy,significantly outperforming existing lightweight networks.
基金funded by Scientic Research Deanship at University of Ha’il—Saudi Arabia through Project Number RG-20019。
摘要With the new era of the Internet of Things(IoT)technology,many devices with limited resources are utilized.Those devices are susceptible to a signicant number of new malware and other risks emerging rapidly.One of the most appropriate methods for securing those IoT applications is cryptographic algorithms,as cryptography masks information by eliminating the risk of collecting any meaningful information patterns.This ensures that all data communications are private,accurate,authenticated,authorized,or nonrepudiated.Since conventional cryptographic algorithms have been developed specically for devices with limited resources;however,it turns out that such algorithms are not ideal for IoT restricted devices with their current conguration.Therefore,lightweight block ciphers are gaining popularity to meet the requirements of low-power and constrained devices.A new ultra-lightweight secret-key block-enciphering algorithm named“LBC-IoT”is proposed in this paper.The proposed block length is 32-bit supporting key lengths of 80-bit,and it is mainly based on the Feistel structure.Energy-efcient cryptographic features in“LBC-IoT”include the use of simple functions(shift,XOR)and small rigid substitution boxes(4-bit-S-boxes).Besides,it is immune to different types of attacks such as linear,differential,and side-channel as well as exible in terms of implementation.Moreover,LBC-IoT achieves reasonable performance in both hardware and software compared to other recent algorithms.LBC-IoT’s hardware implementation results are very promising(smallest ever area“548”GE)and competitive with today’s leading lightweight ciphers.LBC-IoT is also ideally suited for ultra-restricted devices such as RFID tags.
摘要针对分布式光伏中常见的最大功率点跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)算法难以同时解决组件本身失配与组件间失配的问题,提出一种轻量级MPPT算法——搜寻维持法(search and maintain,S&M)。该算法在搜寻阶段通过一次遍历快速获取光伏组件的功率,并在确定全局最大功率点后切换到维持阶段;在维持阶段,通过PID微调,使工作点稳定运行在最大功率点附近。该算法计算量小,便于在各类嵌入式平台中实现。Simulink仿真结果表明,S&M算法相较于扰动观察法(perturb and observe,P&O)能有效缓解组件本身失配下的多峰值问题,相较于粒子群优化(particle swarm optimization,PSO)算法能够抑制组件间失配时多组件并行MPPT所引起的相互干扰。其全局最大功率点跟踪成功率达到99%以上,收敛时间可缩短至0.01 s;通过实物验证进一步证明了该算法在实际系统中能够实现多组件协同的全局最大功率点跟踪。