Two modeling methods of the root insert for wind turbine blade are presented,i.e.,the local mesh optimization method(LMOM)and the global modeling method(GMM).Based on the optimized mesh of the local model for the meta...Two modeling methods of the root insert for wind turbine blade are presented,i.e.,the local mesh optimization method(LMOM)and the global modeling method(GMM).Based on the optimized mesh of the local model for the metal contact interface,LMOM is proposed to analyze the load path and stress distribution characteristics,while GMM is used to calculate and analyze the stress distribution characteristics of the resin layer established between the bushing and composite layers of root insert.To validate the GMM,a tension test is carried out.The result successfully shows that the shear strain expresses a similar strain distribution tendency with the GMM′s results.展开更多
Soil desiccation cracking significantly impacts the hydraulic and mechanical properties of soil.Although extensive research has been conducted on cracking under uniform conditions,the influence of non-uniform temperat...Soil desiccation cracking significantly impacts the hydraulic and mechanical properties of soil.Although extensive research has been conducted on cracking under uniform conditions,the influence of non-uniform temperature fields remains poorly understood.This study combines laboratory experiments and discrete element method(DEM)simulations to investigate soil desiccation cracking under non-uniform temperature fields.Laboratory tests utilized a controlled heating setup to establish a temperature gradient,with digital image correlation(DIC)employed to analyze strain and displacement fields.DEM simulations incorporated a temperature-dependent evaporation model to capture the micromechanical behavior of soil particles under non-uniform thermal conditions.The results reveal that cracks initiate near the high-temperature region and propagate in a"fish-scale"pattern toward the low-temperature region,driven by differential evaporation and uneven shrinkage.A distinct dry/wet interface forms and migrates from the high-temperature to the low-temperature region as evaporation progresses.DEM simulations accurately reproduced the observed crack patterns,demonstrating the model's capability to capture the effects of non-uniform temperature fields on soil cracking.Furthermore,the simulations indicate that crack propagation is governed by the movement of tensile stress concentrations,which are more pronounced in high-temperature regions.This study highlights the critical role of temperature gradients in desiccation cracking,offering valuable insights for geotechnical engineering and enhancing predictive models under varying environmental conditions.展开更多
The concept of gait synergy provides novel human-machine interfaces and has been applied to the control of lower limb assistive devices,such as powered prostheses and exoskeletons.Specifically,on the basis of gait syn...The concept of gait synergy provides novel human-machine interfaces and has been applied to the control of lower limb assistive devices,such as powered prostheses and exoskeletons.Specifically,on the basis of gait synergy,the assistive device can generate/predict the appropriate reference trajectories precisely for the affected or missing parts from the motions of sound parts of the patients.Optimal modeling for gait synergy methods that involves optimal combinations of features(inputs)is required to achieve synergic trajectories that improve human–machine interaction.However,previous studies lack thorough discussions on the optimal methods for synergy modeling.In addition,feature selection(FS)that is crucial for reducing data dimensionality and improving modeling quality has often been neglected in previous studies.Here,we comprehensively investigated modeling methods and FS using 4 up-to-date neural networks:sequence-to-sequence(Seq2Seq),long short-term memory(LSTM),recurrent neural network(RNN),and gated recurrent unit(GRU).We also conducted complete FS using 3 commonly used methods:random forest,information gain,and Pearson correlation.Our findings reveal that Seq2Seq(mean absolute error:0.404°and 0.596°,respectively)outperforms LSTM,RNN,and GRU for both interlimb and intralimb synergy modeling.Furthermore,FS is proven to significantly improve Seq2Seq’s modeling performance(P<0.05).FS-Seq2Seq even outperforms methods used in existing studies.Therefore,we propose FSSeq2Seq as a 2-stage strategy for gait synergy modeling in lower limb assistive devices with the aim of achieving synergic and user-adaptive trajectories that improve human-machine interactions.展开更多
Using the 3-D sono-elasticity method and the simplified nonstructural mass method,the different dynamic modeling methods of the added water for a single-hull structure are first analyzed in this study.Then,the complet...Using the 3-D sono-elasticity method and the simplified nonstructural mass method,the different dynamic modeling methods of the added water for a single-hull structure are first analyzed in this study.Then,the complete internal flow field method and the simplified nonstructural mass method of the contained water between the double hulls of a double-hull structure are investigated.Finally,based on the calculation and analysis under multiple conditions,a reasonable and simplified dynamic modeling method of added water and contained water is obtained.It is indicated that the mass of added water for a single-hull structure is closely related to the mass of total underwater displacement of the structure.With the increase in the analysis frequency,the mass of added water is characterized by first decreasing rapidly and then decreasing gradually and smoothly.The contained water between the double hulls is distributed to the pressure hull and the light shell based on the ratio of the impedances of the double hulls.The results can basically reflect the acoustic radiation characteristics of the double-hull structure.展开更多
3-D geological modeling plays an increasingly important role in Petroleum Geology, Mining Geology and Engineering Geology. The complexity of geological conditions requires different modeling methods in different situa...3-D geological modeling plays an increasingly important role in Petroleum Geology, Mining Geology and Engineering Geology. The complexity of geological conditions requires different modeling methods in different situations. This paper summarizes the general concept of geological modeling; compares the characteristics of borehole-based modeling, cross-section based modeling and multi- source interactive modeling; analyses key techniques in 3-D geological modeling; and highlights the main difficulties and directions of future studies.展开更多
Vacuum glazing is highly regarded for its ability to transmit light while providing heat preservation,sound insulation,lightweight characteristics,and resistance to condensation.Scholars have made significant strides ...Vacuum glazing is highly regarded for its ability to transmit light while providing heat preservation,sound insulation,lightweight characteristics,and resistance to condensation.Scholars have made significant strides in the study of vacuum glazing through their notable efforts.This study systematically reviewed vacuum glazing and its composite structures,including material selection,fabrication techniques,research methods,and performance evaluation.This review initially presented fundamental techniques for preparing vacuum glazing,with a focus on edge seal and support pillar arrangements,and introduced common composite structures such as hybrid and tinted vacuum glazing.Furthermore,this review summarized the analytical,numerical,and experimental methodologies used to assess the thermal performance of vacuum glazing.This study also outlined heat transfer coefficients associated with various vacuum glazing structures,investigated the influence of different parameters on their heat transfer coefficients,and evaluated their potential for energy conservation across diverse climatic regions.Finally,the research delineated future trends in the advancement of vacuum glazing to provide guidance for both theoretical studies and practical applications in industry.This research serves as a valuable resource for both theoretical exploration and practical integration of vacuum glazing,facilitating its improvement and optimization to advance sustainable low-carbon building practices.展开更多
Urban resilience is the ability of cities to maintain their core functions,recover quickly,and adapt to change in the face of external shocks such as natural disasters,economic crises and social change.With the accele...Urban resilience is the ability of cities to maintain their core functions,recover quickly,and adapt to change in the face of external shocks such as natural disasters,economic crises and social change.With the acceleration of urbanization and the frequent occurrence of uncertain events,enhancing urban resilience has become an important issue in promoting sustainable urban development.Focusing on the three major urban agglomerations in China,this study utilizes the panel data of 49 cities from 2013–2022 to construct a multidimensional evaluation index system covering economic,social,ecological,and infrastructural resilience and comprehensively applies the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method,the coefficient of variation,and the interpretative structural model(ISM)to reveal their spatial and temporal evolutionary patterns as well as their intrinsic driving mechanisms.The results show that:1)in terms of the mean value of resilience of the three major urban agglomerations,resilience shows a trend of‘the Pearl River Delta(PRD)>Yangtze River Delta(YRD)>Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)’.All of them have experienced a decline from 2013 to 2017,a brief rebound from 2017 to 2019,and significant fluctuations during 2019–2022 due to the impact of major public health emergencies.Specifically,the overall resilience of the PRD is relatively high,the YRD demonstrates strong anti-disturbance capabilities,while the recovery process of the BTH lags behind relatively in terms of economic and social resilience.It is worth noting that the ecological resilience performs relatively stable among various urban agglomerations,which reflects the effectiveness of ecological governance since 2012;2)the spatial heterogeneity within urban agglomerations is remarkable,with prominent differences in the‘core-periphery’gradient in BTH,a multi-center synergistic resilience network in YRD,and PRD characterized by the‘dual-core leadership’,and unexpected events reflect that the difference in regional risk resistance within the PRD is greater than that in the YRD;3)ISM analysis shows that the common point of the resilience driving mechanism of the three major urban agglomerations is that economic resilience occupies a central position in the resilience system of the urban agglomerations,but there are also stratified differences:BTH relies on people’s wellbeing to drive the resilience system,the YRD focuses on the synergy between the economy and services,and the PRD shows a dual-layered structure pattern driven by the integration of‘foundation and industry’.This study provides a comparative empirical framework for understanding the dynamic evolution of urban resilience in China’s major urban agglomerations and offers targeted policy insights for formulating regionally differentiated resilience planning and risk management strategies.展开更多
The paper discusses the results of the experimental investigation of the structure,mechanical properties and the performance of the new PcBN composites,obtained from cBN powders with TiN coating in comparison with sta...The paper discusses the results of the experimental investigation of the structure,mechanical properties and the performance of the new PcBN composites,obtained from cBN powders with TiN coating in comparison with standard BL-PcBN composites with TiN binder.As demonstrated,the proposed method for optimizing the structure and properties of composites results in a significant increase in their strength and overall performance.As well as this,the results of FE modeling allowed a theoretical explanation to be given for these experimental data.It was shown that using composites obtained from cBN powders with a coating containing 3%-8%Ti in a cutting tool allows for a 20%reduction in tool wear rate during high-speed(220 m/min)cutting of harde-ned steel compared to a tool equipped with a standard composite PcBN,and the tool wear rate reaches the level of the BL group composite with 40%(vol.)TiN content.Under conditions of mainly abrasive mechanical wear at a speed of 110 m/min,the efficiency of the tool with the new composite is relatively low.During high-speed processing under dynamic impact loads,the experimental composites,unlike the BL-PcBN composites,retain their workability.In this case,tools with cBN-3%Ti composite are most effective.Using the developed speci-al algorithm and based on the statistical theory of extreme values and estimation of the probable level of micro damage in the ceramic phases using the FEM method,a study of the influence of the microstructure on the stress state and brittle strength of BL-PcBN and experimental composites was conducted.The parameters calculated on the basis of modeling demonstrate that,other things being equal,the strength of the composite made from coated powders is 1.1-1.3 times higher than that of PcBN of the same phase composition,but with a structure that occurs during sintering of powders made according to the traditional technology of mechanical mixing of components.展开更多
With the increasing demand for energy conservation and emission reduction,more attentions have been paid to the intelligentization,greenization and low carbonization during the transformation and upgrading of steelmak...With the increasing demand for energy conservation and emission reduction,more attentions have been paid to the intelligentization,greenization and low carbonization during the transformation and upgrading of steelmaking plants.Ladle furnace(LF)refining is one of the key procedures in steelmaking process and has been widely used in steelmaking plants for its high equipment matching degree,low equipment investment and outstanding refining performance.According to the main tasks of LF refining process,the modeling methods of temperature prediction model,slag-making model,alloying model,argon blowing model and model of inclusions behavior were systematically reviewed,and the advantages and disadvantages of each modeling method were summarized.In addition,the technical framework for the future has also been proposed based on existing works,including classification of raw materials,graphic representation of knowledge,introduction,upgradation and management of device/equipment,customization of steelmaking,modeling of refining process,synergy of models,intelligentization of decision-making,automation of control,and digitization of processes and operations,aiming to provide a reference for the modeling and intelligent development of LF refining process.展开更多
CNC machining systems are inevitably confronted with frequent changes in energy behaviors because they are widely used to perform various machining tasks. It is a challenge to understand and analyze the flexible energ...CNC machining systems are inevitably confronted with frequent changes in energy behaviors because they are widely used to perform various machining tasks. It is a challenge to understand and analyze the flexible energy behaviors in CNC machining systems. A method to model flexible energy behaviors in CNC machining systems based on hierarchical objected-oriented Petri net(HOONet) is proposed. The structure of the HOONet is constructed of a high-level model and detail models. The former is used to model operational states for CNC machining systems, and the latter is used to analyze the component models for operational states. The machining parameters having great impacts on energy behaviors in CNC machining systems are declared with the data dictionary in HOONet models. A case study based on a CNC lathe is presented to demonstrate the proposed modeling method. The results show that it is effective for modeling flexible energy behaviors and providing a fine-grained description to quantitatively analyze the energy consumption of CNC machining systems.展开更多
The relationship between capillary pressure and saturation plays a critical role in the characterization of two-phase flow and transport in aquifers and oil reservoirs. This relationship is usually determined under th...The relationship between capillary pressure and saturation plays a critical role in the characterization of two-phase flow and transport in aquifers and oil reservoirs. This relationship is usually determined under the static condition, where capillary pressure is the only function of saturation. However,considerable experiments have suggested that the dependence of capillary pressure on desaturation rate is under the dynamic condition. Thus, a more general description of capillary pressure that includes dynamic capillary effect has been approved widely. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic capillary effect is needed for the investigation of the two-phase flow in porous media by various methods. In general, dynamic capillary effect in porous media can be studied through the laboratory experiment, pore-to macro-scale modeling, and artificial neural network. Here, main principle and research procedures of each method are reviewed in detail. Then, research progress, disadvantages and advantages are discussed, respectively. In addition, upscaling study from pore-to macro-scale are introduced, which explains the difference between laboratory experiment and pore-scale modeling. At last, several future perspectives and recommendations for optimal solution of dynamic capillary effect are presented.展开更多
The strategies that minimize the overall solution time of multiple linear systems in 3D finite element method (FEM) modeling of direct current (DC) resistivity were discussed. A global stiff matrix is assembled and st...The strategies that minimize the overall solution time of multiple linear systems in 3D finite element method (FEM) modeling of direct current (DC) resistivity were discussed. A global stiff matrix is assembled and stored in two parts separately. One part is associated with the volume integral and the other is associated with the subsurface boundary integral. The equivalent multiple linear systems with closer right-hand sides than the original systems were constructed. A recycling Krylov subspace technique was employed to solve the multiple linear systems. The solution of the seed system was used as an initial guess for the subsequent systems. The results of two numerical experiments show that the improved algorithm reduces the iterations and CPU time by almost 50%, compared with the classical preconditioned conjugate gradient method.展开更多
To analyze the modeling methods of the dry friction rotor system,a local linearization model of the dry friction damping rotor system was built based on the simplified model of the wave-shaped steel-belt supporting ro...To analyze the modeling methods of the dry friction rotor system,a local linearization model of the dry friction damping rotor system was built based on the simplified model of the wave-shaped steel-belt supporting rotor system.In this model,the linear stiffness of damper closed to pre-deformation was defined as the stiffness of damper,the maximum amplitude of the rotor was calculated according to the load and linear rotor,and the damper's parameters were defined on the basis of the energy dissipation parameters.The presented method can reflect the hysteresis characteristics and is easy to calculate.Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy and feasibility of this method.展开更多
On the basis of a detailed discussion of the development of total ionizing dose (TID) effect model, a new commercial-model-independent TID modeling approach for partially depleted silicon-on-insulator metal-oxide- s...On the basis of a detailed discussion of the development of total ionizing dose (TID) effect model, a new commercial-model-independent TID modeling approach for partially depleted silicon-on-insulator metal-oxide- semiconductor field effect transistors is developed. An exponential approximation is proposed to simplify the trap charge calculation. Irradiation experiments with 60Co gamma rays for IO and core devices are performed to validate the simulation results. An excellent agreement of measurement with the simulation results is observed.展开更多
It's common to use the method of continuous spectroscopy in water quality testing. But there're some problems with it. For example, the scanning results have a large number of nonlinear signals, and the covari...It's common to use the method of continuous spectroscopy in water quality testing. But there're some problems with it. For example, the scanning results have a large number of nonlinear signals, and the covariance between variables is serious, which can lead to a decrease in the model prediction accuracy. In this paper, the standard solutions of nitrate nitrogen(NO3-N) and nitrite nitrogen(NO2-N) were used as the subject to be tested, and the data of the scanned waves and absorbance were obtained by use of spectral detector. The data were processed by noise reduction first and then the random forest(RF) algorithm was adopted to establish the regression relationship between concentration and absorbance. For comparison, partial least squares(PLS) and support vector machine(SVM) algorithm models were also established. For the same given data, the three reverse models can make the projection of the concentration respectively. The experimental results show that the RF algorithm predicts NO2-N concentrations significantly better than the SVM algorithm and PLS algorithm. This proves that the RF algorithm has good prediction ability in spectral water quality detection because of its high model accuracy and better adaptability, which could be a reference for similar research on continuous spectral water quality online detection.展开更多
Shape modeling is fundamental to the analysis of dynamic environment and motion around asteroid. Chang'E- 2 successfully made a flyby of Asteroid 4179 Toutatis and obtained plenty of high-resolution images during the...Shape modeling is fundamental to the analysis of dynamic environment and motion around asteroid. Chang'E- 2 successfully made a flyby of Asteroid 4179 Toutatis and obtained plenty of high-resolution images during the mis- sion. In this paper, the modeling method and preliminary model of Asteroid Toutatis are discussed. First, the optical images obtained by Chang'E-2 are analyzed. Terrain and silhouette features in images are described. Then, the modeling method based on previous radar model and preliminary information from optical images is proposed. A preliminary polyhedron model of Asteroid Toutatis is established. Finally, the spherical harmonic coefficients of Asteroid Toutatis based on the polyhedron model are obtained. Some parameters of model are analyzed and compared. Although the model proposed in this paper is only a preliminary model, this work offers a valuable reference for future high-resolution models.展开更多
The high-temperature creep behavior of asphalt mixture was investigated based on micromechanical modeling and virtual test by using three-dimensional discrete element method(DEM). A user-defined micromechanical mode...The high-temperature creep behavior of asphalt mixture was investigated based on micromechanical modeling and virtual test by using three-dimensional discrete element method(DEM). A user-defined micromechanical model of asphalt mixture was established after analyzing the irregular shape and gradation of coarse aggregates, the viscoelastic property of asphalt mastic, and the random distribution of air voids within the asphalt mixture. Virtual uniaxial static creep test at 60 ℃ was conducted by using Particle Flow Code in three dimensions(PFC3D) and was validated by laboratory test. Based on virtual creep test, the micromechanical characteristics between aggregates, within asphalt mastic, and between aggregate and asphalt mastic were analyzed for the asphalt mixture. It is proved that the virtual test based on the micromechanical model can efficiently predict the creep deformation of asphalt mixture. And the high-temperature behavior of asphalt mixture was characterized from micromechanical perspective.展开更多
When there exists anisotropy in underground media elastic parameters of the observed coordinate possibly do not coincide with that of the natural coordinate. According to the theory that the density of potential energ...When there exists anisotropy in underground media elastic parameters of the observed coordinate possibly do not coincide with that of the natural coordinate. According to the theory that the density of potential energy, dissipating energy is independent of the coordinate, the relationship of elastic parameters between two coordinates is derived for two-phase anisotropic media. Then, pseudospectral method to solve wave equations of two-phase anisotropic media is derived. At last, we use this method to simulate wave propagation in two-phase anisotropic media four types of waves are observed in the snapshots, i.e., fast P wave and slow P wave, fast S wave and slow S wave. Shear wave splitting, SV wave cusps and elastic wave reflection and transmission are also observed.展开更多
A numerical method was used in order to establish the constitutive relationship of sands under different stress paths, Firstly, based on the numerical method modeling the constitutive law of sands, the elastoplastic c...A numerical method was used in order to establish the constitutive relationship of sands under different stress paths, Firstly, based on the numerical method modeling the constitutive law of sands, the elastoplastic constitutive relationship of sand was established for three paths: the constant proportion of principle stress path, the conventional triaxial compression (CTC) path, and the p=constant (TC) path. The yield lines of plastic volumetric strain and plastic generalized shear strain were given. Through visualization, the three dimensional surface of the stress-strain relationship in the whole stress field (p, q) obtained under the three paths was plotted. Also, by comparing the stress-strain surfaces and yield locus of the three stress paths, the differences were found to be obvious, which demonstrates that the influence of the stress paths on constitutive law was not neglected. The numerical modeling method overcame the difficulty of finding an analytical expression for plastic potential. The results simulated the experimental data with an accuracy of 90% on average, so the constitutive model established in this paper provides an effective constitutive equation for this kind of engineering, reflecting the effect of practical stress paths that occur in sands.展开更多
基金supported jointly by the National Basic Research Program of China("973"Program)(No2014CB046200)the National Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2014059)+1 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11172135)
摘要Two modeling methods of the root insert for wind turbine blade are presented,i.e.,the local mesh optimization method(LMOM)and the global modeling method(GMM).Based on the optimized mesh of the local model for the metal contact interface,LMOM is proposed to analyze the load path and stress distribution characteristics,while GMM is used to calculate and analyze the stress distribution characteristics of the resin layer established between the bushing and composite layers of root insert.To validate the GMM,a tension test is carried out.The result successfully shows that the shear strain expresses a similar strain distribution tendency with the GMM′s results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42407251 and 42525201)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety,Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.SKLGME022025).
摘要Soil desiccation cracking significantly impacts the hydraulic and mechanical properties of soil.Although extensive research has been conducted on cracking under uniform conditions,the influence of non-uniform temperature fields remains poorly understood.This study combines laboratory experiments and discrete element method(DEM)simulations to investigate soil desiccation cracking under non-uniform temperature fields.Laboratory tests utilized a controlled heating setup to establish a temperature gradient,with digital image correlation(DIC)employed to analyze strain and displacement fields.DEM simulations incorporated a temperature-dependent evaporation model to capture the micromechanical behavior of soil particles under non-uniform thermal conditions.The results reveal that cracks initiate near the high-temperature region and propagate in a"fish-scale"pattern toward the low-temperature region,driven by differential evaporation and uneven shrinkage.A distinct dry/wet interface forms and migrates from the high-temperature to the low-temperature region as evaporation progresses.DEM simulations accurately reproduced the observed crack patterns,demonstrating the model's capability to capture the effects of non-uniform temperature fields on soil cracking.Furthermore,the simulations indicate that crack propagation is governed by the movement of tensile stress concentrations,which are more pronounced in high-temperature regions.This study highlights the critical role of temperature gradients in desiccation cracking,offering valuable insights for geotechnical engineering and enhancing predictive models under varying environmental conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.32360196,and 32160204)the Key R&D Project of Hainan Province(grant nos.ZDYF2022SHFZ302 and ZDYF2022SHFZ275)+6 种基金the Major Science and Technology Projects of Hainan Province(grant no.ZDKJ2021032)Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center(no.0202067)Science,Technology,and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(STICproject no.SGDX20220530111005036)Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund of Guangdong Province:Regional Joint Fund Project Youth Fund(project no.2021A1515110356)Shenzhen Science and Technology Plan Project(project no.JCYJ20220818101407016)by the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(no.SCKJJYRC-2023-27).
摘要The concept of gait synergy provides novel human-machine interfaces and has been applied to the control of lower limb assistive devices,such as powered prostheses and exoskeletons.Specifically,on the basis of gait synergy,the assistive device can generate/predict the appropriate reference trajectories precisely for the affected or missing parts from the motions of sound parts of the patients.Optimal modeling for gait synergy methods that involves optimal combinations of features(inputs)is required to achieve synergic trajectories that improve human–machine interaction.However,previous studies lack thorough discussions on the optimal methods for synergy modeling.In addition,feature selection(FS)that is crucial for reducing data dimensionality and improving modeling quality has often been neglected in previous studies.Here,we comprehensively investigated modeling methods and FS using 4 up-to-date neural networks:sequence-to-sequence(Seq2Seq),long short-term memory(LSTM),recurrent neural network(RNN),and gated recurrent unit(GRU).We also conducted complete FS using 3 commonly used methods:random forest,information gain,and Pearson correlation.Our findings reveal that Seq2Seq(mean absolute error:0.404°and 0.596°,respectively)outperforms LSTM,RNN,and GRU for both interlimb and intralimb synergy modeling.Furthermore,FS is proven to significantly improve Seq2Seq’s modeling performance(P<0.05).FS-Seq2Seq even outperforms methods used in existing studies.Therefore,we propose FSSeq2Seq as a 2-stage strategy for gait synergy modeling in lower limb assistive devices with the aim of achieving synergic and user-adaptive trajectories that improve human-machine interactions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51909246)supported by the Nature Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(Grant No.BK20220044).
摘要Using the 3-D sono-elasticity method and the simplified nonstructural mass method,the different dynamic modeling methods of the added water for a single-hull structure are first analyzed in this study.Then,the complete internal flow field method and the simplified nonstructural mass method of the contained water between the double hulls of a double-hull structure are investigated.Finally,based on the calculation and analysis under multiple conditions,a reasonable and simplified dynamic modeling method of added water and contained water is obtained.It is indicated that the mass of added water for a single-hull structure is closely related to the mass of total underwater displacement of the structure.With the increase in the analysis frequency,the mass of added water is characterized by first decreasing rapidly and then decreasing gradually and smoothly.The contained water between the double hulls is distributed to the pressure hull and the light shell based on the ratio of the impedances of the double hulls.The results can basically reflect the acoustic radiation characteristics of the double-hull structure.
摘要3-D geological modeling plays an increasingly important role in Petroleum Geology, Mining Geology and Engineering Geology. The complexity of geological conditions requires different modeling methods in different situations. This paper summarizes the general concept of geological modeling; compares the characteristics of borehole-based modeling, cross-section based modeling and multi- source interactive modeling; analyses key techniques in 3-D geological modeling; and highlights the main difficulties and directions of future studies.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3806202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52308093)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ40154)the Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Program of Hunan Province(2023RC1042)the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha(kq2208032)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M741132 and 2024T170263)。
摘要Vacuum glazing is highly regarded for its ability to transmit light while providing heat preservation,sound insulation,lightweight characteristics,and resistance to condensation.Scholars have made significant strides in the study of vacuum glazing through their notable efforts.This study systematically reviewed vacuum glazing and its composite structures,including material selection,fabrication techniques,research methods,and performance evaluation.This review initially presented fundamental techniques for preparing vacuum glazing,with a focus on edge seal and support pillar arrangements,and introduced common composite structures such as hybrid and tinted vacuum glazing.Furthermore,this review summarized the analytical,numerical,and experimental methodologies used to assess the thermal performance of vacuum glazing.This study also outlined heat transfer coefficients associated with various vacuum glazing structures,investigated the influence of different parameters on their heat transfer coefficients,and evaluated their potential for energy conservation across diverse climatic regions.Finally,the research delineated future trends in the advancement of vacuum glazing to provide guidance for both theoretical studies and practical applications in industry.This research serves as a valuable resource for both theoretical exploration and practical integration of vacuum glazing,facilitating its improvement and optimization to advance sustainable low-carbon building practices.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42171206)。
摘要Urban resilience is the ability of cities to maintain their core functions,recover quickly,and adapt to change in the face of external shocks such as natural disasters,economic crises and social change.With the acceleration of urbanization and the frequent occurrence of uncertain events,enhancing urban resilience has become an important issue in promoting sustainable urban development.Focusing on the three major urban agglomerations in China,this study utilizes the panel data of 49 cities from 2013–2022 to construct a multidimensional evaluation index system covering economic,social,ecological,and infrastructural resilience and comprehensively applies the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method,the coefficient of variation,and the interpretative structural model(ISM)to reveal their spatial and temporal evolutionary patterns as well as their intrinsic driving mechanisms.The results show that:1)in terms of the mean value of resilience of the three major urban agglomerations,resilience shows a trend of‘the Pearl River Delta(PRD)>Yangtze River Delta(YRD)>Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)’.All of them have experienced a decline from 2013 to 2017,a brief rebound from 2017 to 2019,and significant fluctuations during 2019–2022 due to the impact of major public health emergencies.Specifically,the overall resilience of the PRD is relatively high,the YRD demonstrates strong anti-disturbance capabilities,while the recovery process of the BTH lags behind relatively in terms of economic and social resilience.It is worth noting that the ecological resilience performs relatively stable among various urban agglomerations,which reflects the effectiveness of ecological governance since 2012;2)the spatial heterogeneity within urban agglomerations is remarkable,with prominent differences in the‘core-periphery’gradient in BTH,a multi-center synergistic resilience network in YRD,and PRD characterized by the‘dual-core leadership’,and unexpected events reflect that the difference in regional risk resistance within the PRD is greater than that in the YRD;3)ISM analysis shows that the common point of the resilience driving mechanism of the three major urban agglomerations is that economic resilience occupies a central position in the resilience system of the urban agglomerations,but there are also stratified differences:BTH relies on people’s wellbeing to drive the resilience system,the YRD focuses on the synergy between the economy and services,and the PRD shows a dual-layered structure pattern driven by the integration of‘foundation and industry’.This study provides a comparative empirical framework for understanding the dynamic evolution of urban resilience in China’s major urban agglomerations and offers targeted policy insights for formulating regionally differentiated resilience planning and risk management strategies.
基金Supported by National Research Foundation of Ukraine(Grant No.2022.01/0046).
摘要The paper discusses the results of the experimental investigation of the structure,mechanical properties and the performance of the new PcBN composites,obtained from cBN powders with TiN coating in comparison with standard BL-PcBN composites with TiN binder.As demonstrated,the proposed method for optimizing the structure and properties of composites results in a significant increase in their strength and overall performance.As well as this,the results of FE modeling allowed a theoretical explanation to be given for these experimental data.It was shown that using composites obtained from cBN powders with a coating containing 3%-8%Ti in a cutting tool allows for a 20%reduction in tool wear rate during high-speed(220 m/min)cutting of harde-ned steel compared to a tool equipped with a standard composite PcBN,and the tool wear rate reaches the level of the BL group composite with 40%(vol.)TiN content.Under conditions of mainly abrasive mechanical wear at a speed of 110 m/min,the efficiency of the tool with the new composite is relatively low.During high-speed processing under dynamic impact loads,the experimental composites,unlike the BL-PcBN composites,retain their workability.In this case,tools with cBN-3%Ti composite are most effective.Using the developed speci-al algorithm and based on the statistical theory of extreme values and estimation of the probable level of micro damage in the ceramic phases using the FEM method,a study of the influence of the microstructure on the stress state and brittle strength of BL-PcBN and experimental composites was conducted.The parameters calculated on the basis of modeling demonstrate that,other things being equal,the strength of the composite made from coated powders is 1.1-1.3 times higher than that of PcBN of the same phase composition,but with a structure that occurs during sintering of powders made according to the traditional technology of mechanical mixing of components.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.50874014,51974023,52374321)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(Grant No.NCET 07-0067)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(Grant No.FRF-BR-17-029A)the funding of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy,University of Science and Technology Beijing,China(Grant Nos.41620007 and 41621005).
摘要With the increasing demand for energy conservation and emission reduction,more attentions have been paid to the intelligentization,greenization and low carbonization during the transformation and upgrading of steelmaking plants.Ladle furnace(LF)refining is one of the key procedures in steelmaking process and has been widely used in steelmaking plants for its high equipment matching degree,low equipment investment and outstanding refining performance.According to the main tasks of LF refining process,the modeling methods of temperature prediction model,slag-making model,alloying model,argon blowing model and model of inclusions behavior were systematically reviewed,and the advantages and disadvantages of each modeling method were summarized.In addition,the technical framework for the future has also been proposed based on existing works,including classification of raw materials,graphic representation of knowledge,introduction,upgradation and management of device/equipment,customization of steelmaking,modeling of refining process,synergy of models,intelligentization of decision-making,automation of control,and digitization of processes and operations,aiming to provide a reference for the modeling and intelligent development of LF refining process.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51605058)Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology of China(Grant No.cstc2015jcyjBX0088)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.106112016CDJCR021226)Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province of China(Grant No.2014-ZBZZ-006)"Excellence Plans-Zijin Star" Foundation of Nanjing University of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.2015-zijin-07)
摘要CNC machining systems are inevitably confronted with frequent changes in energy behaviors because they are widely used to perform various machining tasks. It is a challenge to understand and analyze the flexible energy behaviors in CNC machining systems. A method to model flexible energy behaviors in CNC machining systems based on hierarchical objected-oriented Petri net(HOONet) is proposed. The structure of the HOONet is constructed of a high-level model and detail models. The former is used to model operational states for CNC machining systems, and the latter is used to analyze the component models for operational states. The machining parameters having great impacts on energy behaviors in CNC machining systems are declared with the data dictionary in HOONet models. A case study based on a CNC lathe is presented to demonstrate the proposed modeling method. The results show that it is effective for modeling flexible energy behaviors and providing a fine-grained description to quantitatively analyze the energy consumption of CNC machining systems.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42102149)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2462021YXZZ005)。
摘要The relationship between capillary pressure and saturation plays a critical role in the characterization of two-phase flow and transport in aquifers and oil reservoirs. This relationship is usually determined under the static condition, where capillary pressure is the only function of saturation. However,considerable experiments have suggested that the dependence of capillary pressure on desaturation rate is under the dynamic condition. Thus, a more general description of capillary pressure that includes dynamic capillary effect has been approved widely. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic capillary effect is needed for the investigation of the two-phase flow in porous media by various methods. In general, dynamic capillary effect in porous media can be studied through the laboratory experiment, pore-to macro-scale modeling, and artificial neural network. Here, main principle and research procedures of each method are reviewed in detail. Then, research progress, disadvantages and advantages are discussed, respectively. In addition, upscaling study from pore-to macro-scale are introduced, which explains the difference between laboratory experiment and pore-scale modeling. At last, several future perspectives and recommendations for optimal solution of dynamic capillary effect are presented.
基金Projects(40974077,41164004)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2007AA06Z134)supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China+2 种基金Projects(2011GXNSFA018003,0832263)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province,ChinaProject supported by Program for Excellent Talents in Guangxi Higher Education Institution,ChinaProject supported by the Foundation of Guilin University of Technology,China
摘要The strategies that minimize the overall solution time of multiple linear systems in 3D finite element method (FEM) modeling of direct current (DC) resistivity were discussed. A global stiff matrix is assembled and stored in two parts separately. One part is associated with the volume integral and the other is associated with the subsurface boundary integral. The equivalent multiple linear systems with closer right-hand sides than the original systems were constructed. A recycling Krylov subspace technique was employed to solve the multiple linear systems. The solution of the seed system was used as an initial guess for the subsequent systems. The results of two numerical experiments show that the improved algorithm reduces the iterations and CPU time by almost 50%, compared with the classical preconditioned conjugate gradient method.
摘要To analyze the modeling methods of the dry friction rotor system,a local linearization model of the dry friction damping rotor system was built based on the simplified model of the wave-shaped steel-belt supporting rotor system.In this model,the linear stiffness of damper closed to pre-deformation was defined as the stiffness of damper,the maximum amplitude of the rotor was calculated according to the load and linear rotor,and the damper's parameters were defined on the basis of the energy dissipation parameters.The presented method can reflect the hysteresis characteristics and is easy to calculate.Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy and feasibility of this method.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61404151 and 61574153
摘要On the basis of a detailed discussion of the development of total ionizing dose (TID) effect model, a new commercial-model-independent TID modeling approach for partially depleted silicon-on-insulator metal-oxide- semiconductor field effect transistors is developed. An exponential approximation is proposed to simplify the trap charge calculation. Irradiation experiments with 60Co gamma rays for IO and core devices are performed to validate the simulation results. An excellent agreement of measurement with the simulation results is observed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51205005)the Beijing Science and Technology Innovation Service Ability Building (No.PXM2017-014212-000013)。
摘要It's common to use the method of continuous spectroscopy in water quality testing. But there're some problems with it. For example, the scanning results have a large number of nonlinear signals, and the covariance between variables is serious, which can lead to a decrease in the model prediction accuracy. In this paper, the standard solutions of nitrate nitrogen(NO3-N) and nitrite nitrogen(NO2-N) were used as the subject to be tested, and the data of the scanned waves and absorbance were obtained by use of spectral detector. The data were processed by noise reduction first and then the random forest(RF) algorithm was adopted to establish the regression relationship between concentration and absorbance. For comparison, partial least squares(PLS) and support vector machine(SVM) algorithm models were also established. For the same given data, the three reverse models can make the projection of the concentration respectively. The experimental results show that the RF algorithm predicts NO2-N concentrations significantly better than the SVM algorithm and PLS algorithm. This proves that the RF algorithm has good prediction ability in spectral water quality detection because of its high model accuracy and better adaptability, which could be a reference for similar research on continuous spectral water quality online detection.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China("973" Program)(2012CB720000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11102020)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University and Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project
摘要Shape modeling is fundamental to the analysis of dynamic environment and motion around asteroid. Chang'E- 2 successfully made a flyby of Asteroid 4179 Toutatis and obtained plenty of high-resolution images during the mis- sion. In this paper, the modeling method and preliminary model of Asteroid Toutatis are discussed. First, the optical images obtained by Chang'E-2 are analyzed. Terrain and silhouette features in images are described. Then, the modeling method based on previous radar model and preliminary information from optical images is proposed. A preliminary polyhedron model of Asteroid Toutatis is established. Finally, the spherical harmonic coefficients of Asteroid Toutatis based on the polyhedron model are obtained. Some parameters of model are analyzed and compared. Although the model proposed in this paper is only a preliminary model, this work offers a valuable reference for future high-resolution models.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51378006)the Huoyingdong Foundation of China(No.141076)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2242015R30027)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20161421 and BK20140109)
摘要The high-temperature creep behavior of asphalt mixture was investigated based on micromechanical modeling and virtual test by using three-dimensional discrete element method(DEM). A user-defined micromechanical model of asphalt mixture was established after analyzing the irregular shape and gradation of coarse aggregates, the viscoelastic property of asphalt mastic, and the random distribution of air voids within the asphalt mixture. Virtual uniaxial static creep test at 60 ℃ was conducted by using Particle Flow Code in three dimensions(PFC3D) and was validated by laboratory test. Based on virtual creep test, the micromechanical characteristics between aggregates, within asphalt mastic, and between aggregate and asphalt mastic were analyzed for the asphalt mixture. It is proved that the virtual test based on the micromechanical model can efficiently predict the creep deformation of asphalt mixture. And the high-temperature behavior of asphalt mixture was characterized from micromechanical perspective.
摘要When there exists anisotropy in underground media elastic parameters of the observed coordinate possibly do not coincide with that of the natural coordinate. According to the theory that the density of potential energy, dissipating energy is independent of the coordinate, the relationship of elastic parameters between two coordinates is derived for two-phase anisotropic media. Then, pseudospectral method to solve wave equations of two-phase anisotropic media is derived. At last, we use this method to simulate wave propagation in two-phase anisotropic media four types of waves are observed in the snapshots, i.e., fast P wave and slow P wave, fast S wave and slow S wave. Shear wave splitting, SV wave cusps and elastic wave reflection and transmission are also observed.
摘要A numerical method was used in order to establish the constitutive relationship of sands under different stress paths, Firstly, based on the numerical method modeling the constitutive law of sands, the elastoplastic constitutive relationship of sand was established for three paths: the constant proportion of principle stress path, the conventional triaxial compression (CTC) path, and the p=constant (TC) path. The yield lines of plastic volumetric strain and plastic generalized shear strain were given. Through visualization, the three dimensional surface of the stress-strain relationship in the whole stress field (p, q) obtained under the three paths was plotted. Also, by comparing the stress-strain surfaces and yield locus of the three stress paths, the differences were found to be obvious, which demonstrates that the influence of the stress paths on constitutive law was not neglected. The numerical modeling method overcame the difficulty of finding an analytical expression for plastic potential. The results simulated the experimental data with an accuracy of 90% on average, so the constitutive model established in this paper provides an effective constitutive equation for this kind of engineering, reflecting the effect of practical stress paths that occur in sands.