Multi-component transition metal carbides(MTMCs)have garnered significant attention for their out-standing high-temperature stability and versatile properties,which make them ideal candidates for a wide range of indus...Multi-component transition metal carbides(MTMCs)have garnered significant attention for their out-standing high-temperature stability and versatile properties,which make them ideal candidates for a wide range of industrial applications.However,the underlying mechanisms governing the crystal growth and morphological evolution of MTMCs remain poorly understood,hindering the design of materials with tailored characteristics.In this paper,we employ an in-situ liquid-solid reaction method to synthesize(HfTaZrNbTi)C MTMC powders and explore their crystal growth and morphology evolution.The synthesized(TiZrHfNbTa)C powders exhibit two distinct morphologies:cubic,primarily composed of Ti,Hf,Ta,and Zr with a small amount of Nb,and octahedral,rich in Ti and Ta with minor amounts of Hf,Nb,and Zr.First-principles calculations show that the surface energy of the(100)plane is lower than the(111)plane,leading to the formation of the cubic morphology.The octahedral morphology forms due to decreased mixing entropy and higher theoretical density compared to cubic particles.Our findings provide valuable insights into the crystal growth and morphology evolution mechanisms of high-entropy ceramics,contributing to the rational design of MTMCs with engineered crystal structures for diverse structural and functional applications.展开更多
Immunoglobulin G(IgG)N-glycans are associated with aging.In this study,we introduce a novel strategy for discovering aging-associated IgG glycans and establish a prediction model on the basis of their absolute concent...Immunoglobulin G(IgG)N-glycans are associated with aging.In this study,we introduce a novel strategy for discovering aging-associated IgG glycans and establish a prediction model on the basis of their absolute concentration alterations.We employed glycomic quantification technology to identify alterations in the amount of IgG glycan in natural aging and antiaging(caloric restriction(CR))models and discovered aging-related glycans.The glycomic analysis revealed key features:downregulation of the bisected glycan GP3(F(6)A2B)and upregulation of the digalactosylated glycan GP8(F(6)A2G2).These glycan changes showed significant fold changes from an early stage.Using external standards of these two glycans,we subsequently measured their absolute concentrations,allowing for us to establish a predictive model,abGlycoAge,for biological aging.The abGlycoAge index suggested a younger state under CR,with an average age reduction of 3.9–14.0 weeks.Additionally,RNA sequencing of splenic B cells revealed that Derl3,Smarcb1,Ankrd55,Tbkbp1,and Slc38a10 may contribute to alterations in GP3 and GP8 during the aging process.In a preliminary therapeutic study,we tested IgG modified with young signature Nglycans(IgG-Ny).High-dose IgG-Ny showed promising results,alleviating aging-related physiological declines,including reductions in inflammatory markers and improvements in organ senescence,particularly in the brain,kidney,and lungs.This research provides new insights into glycan changes during aging and lays the groundwork for potential antiaging therapies.GP3 and GP8 may serve as biomarkers for aging,offering new perspectives on aging mechanisms and therapeutic approaches.展开更多
This paper introduces a probabilistic framework for enhancing the seismic design of structures by incorporating uncertainty quantification(UQ)in response analysis.Traditional design codes,often deterministic,can lead ...This paper introduces a probabilistic framework for enhancing the seismic design of structures by incorporating uncertainty quantification(UQ)in response analysis.Traditional design codes,often deterministic,can lead to either overly conservative or unreliable designs.The proposed method integrates uncertainties in vibration periods and damping ratios as random variables,using elastic response spectra and the ASCE 7-16 design response spectrum for a more accurate seismic risk assessment.The framework effectively identifies discrepancies between measured and predicted vibration periods and damping ratios through numerical examples and case studies,highlighting the risk of non-conservative designs with nominal values.It emphasizes the need to account for biases in vibration period approximations as per ASCE 7 to prevent under-conservative designs.This approach allows engineers and researchers to estimate building responses more realistically,which is crucial for appropriate seismic design and performance evaluation.展开更多
Skeletal muscle is composed of multinucleated muscle fibers,which play a crucial role in determining the quality of meat products in livestock.Quantifying the total number of muscle fibers(TNM)is essential for underst...Skeletal muscle is composed of multinucleated muscle fibers,which play a crucial role in determining the quality of meat products in livestock.Quantifying the total number of muscle fibers(TNM)is essential for understanding muscle composition,but this remains challenging in poultry,particularly since the considerable number of livestock complicates the preparation of tissue sections for analysis and makes the counting process laborious.Our previous study developed an automatic muscle fiber quantification tool powered by deep learning,named MyoV,which has addressed this bottleneck.This study employed the MyoV tool for accurately quantifying TNM in the pectoral muscles of slow-growing(SL),mediumgrowing(ML),and fast-growing(FL)broilers.The results showed that FL group exhibited higher growth performance compared to ML and SL groups from the embryonic to rearing stages.Processing of whole slide images of pectoral muscle revealed significantly higher TNM in FL and ML groups than in SL group(P<0.01).The TNM values of FL,ML and SL groups were 693,568.00±54,169.80,652,122.00±65,822.60,and 539,778.57±40,722.94 at 7 days of age(D7),respectively;and 663,014.93±58,801.11,645,784.76±80,204.34 and 507,280.29±98,092.16 at D35 for FL,ML and SL groups,respectively.Differences in the cross-sectional area(CSA)of muscle fibers among the three groups were consistent with the TNM results.A correlation analysis showed correlation coefficients of 0.73–0.89 between body weight(BW)and TNM and 0.78–0.87 between BW and CSA.These findings directly indicate that the number of muscle fibers in broilers is an important foundation for their rapid growth and development.This study precisely quantified the muscle fiber number of an important skeletal muscle in poultry for the first time,which provides direct evidence for the physiological basis of rapid development in broilers and offers important data support for further in-depth studies on muscle fiber development.展开更多
The precise characterization of subsurface fracture systems,especially sub-seismicfractures below seismic resolution,is critical for developing complex hydrocarbon reservoirs.While antcolony optimization(Aco)introduce...The precise characterization of subsurface fracture systems,especially sub-seismicfractures below seismic resolution,is critical for developing complex hydrocarbon reservoirs.While antcolony optimization(Aco)introduced"ant tracking"for seismicfracture detection,traditional methods rely on isotropic post-stack attributes,ignoring azimuthal anisotropy—a key indicator of fracture orientation and density.The azimuth-aware anisotropic bayes ACO(Ani-Bayes ACO)integrated pre-stack anisotropy via Bayesian priors but suffered from deterministic constraints and staticheuristics,limiting its ability to model conjugate fracture systems or parameter uncertainty.To resolve these limitations,we propose the anisotropy-dynamic ACO(ADACO)algorithm.ADACO replaces deterministic constraints with probabilistic,dynamically evolving fracture parameter distributions:von Mises for orientation and lognormal for density,both parameterized by elliptical fitting credibility.During optimization,a Hidden Markov Model(HMM)globally evaluates path consistency,while elite-path feedback iteratively focuses the distributions.Thisenablesuncertainty-quantified fracture prediction,multi-settracking,and autonomous adaptation to fracture clustering.Validation in a complex shale gas reservoir showed 85%consistency with drilling data-a significant improvement over Ani-Bayes AcO(46%).ADAcO thus provides a robust tool for sub-seismic fracture characterization.展开更多
Structural displacement monitoring faces significant challenges under complex environmental conditions due to the loss or degradation of target features,making it difficult for traditional methods to ensure high accur...Structural displacement monitoring faces significant challenges under complex environmental conditions due to the loss or degradation of target features,making it difficult for traditional methods to ensure high accuracy and robustness.Therefore,this study proposes a structural displacement identification and quantification method that integrates YOLOv8n with an improved edge-orientation gradient-based template matching algorithm.By combining deep learning techniques with traditional template matching methods,the accuracy and robustness of monitoring are enhanced under adverse conditions such as noise and extremely low illumination.Specifically,in the edge-orientation gradient matching stage,the Canny-Devernay sub-pixel edge detection technique and an improved ellipse-fitting method are employed for sub-pixel edge extraction,and a five-level Gaussian pyramid structure is introduced to accelerate the matching speed.Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves high-precision displacement monitoring under sufficient illumination,and it maintains stable target localization and displacement quantification performance under conditions of noise interference and extremely low illumination.Notably,under salt-and-pepper noise interference,although YOLOv8n maintains a high level of localization confidence,the accuracy of gradient matching deteriorates,resulting in a root-mean-square error(RMSE)of 0.035 mm.This finding reveals the differential impact of various noise types on different stages of the algorithm.The proposed method offers a novel technological approach for precise structural displacement monitoring in complex environments.展开更多
The launch process of a multi-stage launch vehicle is significantly influenced by uncertain parameters,including air density,aerodynamic parameters,and engine thrust,which often exhibit deviation.Predicting the trajec...The launch process of a multi-stage launch vehicle is significantly influenced by uncertain parameters,including air density,aerodynamic parameters,and engine thrust,which often exhibit deviation.Predicting the trajectory range of the launch vehicle under the influence of uncertainty is essential before launch,and uncertainty quantification serves as a crucial method to address this challenge.In traditional uncertainty quantification for launch vehicles,unknown parameters are often assigned specific distributions based on prior knowledge.However,prior knowledge is sometimes subjective,and unknown parameters are often assigned conservative ranges to meet safety margins.In addition,the flight data of the past launch is precious,especially in quantifying the uncertainty of reusable or same-type launch vehicles.This paper utilizes flight data to estimate parameters base on Bayesian methods and integrates the estimation results with prior knowledge,which can more objectively set the distribution of uncertain parameters.Reasonable distribution has a positive impact on uncertainty quantification,which can avoid control strategies that are not robust enough or overly redundant.Therefore,the uncertainty quantification for launch vehicles is discussed under different information sources.In addition,the algorithm is accelerated based on Gaussian process regression and polynomial chaos expansions.展开更多
The hybrid neural differentiable models mark a significant advancement in the field of scientific machine learning.These models,integrating numerical representations of known physics into deep neural networks,offer en...The hybrid neural differentiable models mark a significant advancement in the field of scientific machine learning.These models,integrating numerical representations of known physics into deep neural networks,offer enhanced predictive capabilities and show great potential for data-driven modeling of complex physical systems.However,a critical and yet unaddressed challenge lies in the quantification of inherent uncertainties stemming from multiple sources.Addressing this gap,we introduce a novel method,uncertainty quantification for hybrid neural differentiable modeling,for effective and efficient uncertainty propagation and estimation in hybrid neural differentiable models,leveraging the strengths of deep ensemble Bayesian learning and nonlinear transformations.Specifically,our approach effectively discerns and quantifies both aleatoric uncertainties,arising from data noise,and epistemic uncertainties,resulting from model-form discrepancies and data sparsity.This is achieved within a Bayesian model averaging framework,where aleatoric uncertainties are modeled through hybrid neural models.The unscented transformation plays a pivotal role in enabling the flow of these uncertainties through the nonlinear functions within the hybrid model.In contrast,epistemic uncertainties are estimated using an ensemble of stochastic gradient descent trajectories.This approach offers a practical approximation to the posterior distribution of both the network parameters and the physical parameters.Notably,our framework is designed for simplicity in implementation and high scalability,making it suitable for parallel computing environments.The merits of the proposed method have been demonstrated through problems governed by both ordinary and partial differentiable equations.展开更多
Precise assessment of tacrolimus(TAC)concentrations is critical in clinical diagnostics,and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)is the preferred approach due to its high specificity and sensitivity.Howev...Precise assessment of tacrolimus(TAC)concentrations is critical in clinical diagnostics,and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)is the preferred approach due to its high specificity and sensitivity.However,classic LC-MS/MS systems are frequently enormous,costly,and need expert operation,which restricts its applicability in numerous industries.In this paper,a liquid chromatography–miniature mass spectrometry(LC-MiniMS)system was designed and developed.The miniature linear ion trap spectrometer had a footprint of 59×38×27 cm3,which substantially reduced the instrument size and cost while maintaining quantitative performance.The LC-MiniMS system’s circuit boards were integrated and the software automation was optimized,so it was more convenient to use and maintain.Results demonstrated excellent linearity over the range of 0.5–50 ng/mL with R2>0.99.The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.1 and 0.3 ng/mL,respectively.The accuracy ranged from 99.67%to 106.10%,intraday precision was between 0.70%and 2.61%,and interday precision was between 0.90%and 2.90%,all within acceptable limits,and matrix effects were negligible.The method was successfully applied to quantify TAC in 32 clinical whole-blood samples,and the results strongly agreed with those from a conventional LC-MS/MS system(QTRAP 6500+).The LC-MiniMS system can efficiently quantify TAC in whole blood and provide a tiny,cost-effective,and uncomplicated option for therapeutic drug monitoring in clinical settings,especially in decentralized or resource-limited scenarios.展开更多
The trade-off between quality and difficulty is a challenge when quantifying ambient antibiotics at trace levels.Compared with the precise yet complicate methods such as mass spectrometry(MS)techniques,the enzyme-link...The trade-off between quality and difficulty is a challenge when quantifying ambient antibiotics at trace levels.Compared with the precise yet complicate methods such as mass spectrometry(MS)techniques,the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)offer a simple alternative.While some studies applied it on quantifying environmental pollutants,diverse optimization procedures were employed and matrix effects were not well-addressed.Here,the quantification capability of solid-phase extraction(SPE)coupled with ELISA on ambient antibiotics was evaluated using a newly developed standardized procedure.SPE-ELISA first underwent more rigorous optimization using an overall performance index and three-dimensional recovery response surface.A series of quantitative indicators including precision(relative standard deviation reached 0.3%),sensitivity(a minimal of 3.8 ng/L variation can be distinguished),limit of detection(0.3µg/L without pretreatment),and recoveries(>90%)of SPE-ELISA were achieved and the corresponding conditions were revealed.To eliminate matrix effects,the standard addition method was adopted.This approach,coupled with the linearization of the nonlinear calibration curve,yielded highly accurate(errors of 9%and 5.2%)and reliable(standard deviation of 0.49 and 0.61)results on measuring simulated surface and wastewaters with 5 ng/L and 10 ng/L sulfamethoxazole,which were highly comparable to those of MS methods(P>0.05).Overall,with more rigorous optimization and matrix effect eliminated,the standardized procedure in this study enabled SPE-ELISA to achieve high-quality quantification results.Considering the high throughputs,simple procedure,and low installation costs of SPE-ELISA,it could be a promising alternative for quantifying ambient antibiotics.展开更多
Carbenes as one of the most important class of intermediates have been widely utilized in various organic synthetic transformations.Carbene insertion-initiated ring-opening reactions of cyclic ethers offer a valuable ...Carbenes as one of the most important class of intermediates have been widely utilized in various organic synthetic transformations.Carbene insertion-initiated ring-opening reactions of cyclic ethers offer a valuable strategy for constructing new carbon-oxygen bonds.In comparison with traditional thermal or metal-mediated carbene transfer reactions,visible-light-promoted multi-component reaction strategy provides a mild and eco-friendly approach to access densely functionalized molecules.Recently,visible-light-induced multi-component carbene transfer reactions of diazo compounds have been rapidly developed and attracted a great deal of research interest of chemists owing to their advantages of simple operation,mild condition,high atom economy and rich structural diversity.This paper summarizes the recent research progress on the visible-light-promoted multi-component carbene transfer reactions of diazo compounds via ring-opening of cyclic ethers with various nucleophiles.The reaction patterns of different nucleophiles and their corresponding mechanism are described in this review.The future research direction and challenges in this area are also discussed.展开更多
The development of heavy oil reservoirs with edge-water presents significant challenges during pure steam flooding(PSF),including steam override,severe channeling,limited displacement/sweep efficiency,and water invasi...The development of heavy oil reservoirs with edge-water presents significant challenges during pure steam flooding(PSF),including steam override,severe channeling,limited displacement/sweep efficiency,and water invasion.To address these issues,multi-component composite steam flooding(MCCSF)was proposed as an improved steam flooding(SF)method.This study introduced a novel threedimensional(3D)physical simulation approach that accurately replicated the recovery process in edgewater reservoirs.Additionally,a new similarity criterion number was proposed to characterize edgewater energy conversion.Then,comparative experiments(Exp.A:PSF;Exp.B:MCCSF)were conducted to elucidate the advantages and enhanced oil recovery(EOR)mechanisms of MCCSF.Results demonstrated that MCCSF effectively accelerated the thermal connection between wells,mitigated steam override,and improved steam thermal utilization.Compared with PSF,MCCSF achieved higher peak oil production rate and longer stable production stage.In heterogeneous reservoirs with structural dip,MCCSF generated a more uniform steam chamber and reduced the performance gap between higher and lower wells.Post-displacement oil saturation in the middle and upper main layers was typically 7%–10%lower under MCCSF than under PSF.Furthermore,MCCSF significantly suppressed the degree and extent of edge-water invasion in the lower reservoir zones.The final oil recovery factor of MCCSF reached 55.37%,representing an 11.71%improvement over PSF.This study established a scalable laboratory methodology and revealed the coupled displacement mechanisms of steam–gas–chemical system under edge-water conditions,offering both theoretical insights and experimental support for optimizing thermal recovery in heavy oil reservoirs.展开更多
Wind waves in reservoirs represent a key hydrodynamic process influencing shoreline stability,navigation safety,and the design of hydraulic infrastructure.Despite their practical relevance,wave prediction in inland wa...Wind waves in reservoirs represent a key hydrodynamic process influencing shoreline stability,navigation safety,and the design of hydraulic infrastructure.Despite their practical relevance,wave prediction in inland waters remains subject to significant uncertainties,particularly related to wind forcing and empirical model parameters.This study integrated deterministic and probabilistic approaches for predicting wind waves in reservoirs.Using a deterministic approach,the Simulating Waves Nearshore(SWAN)model was applied to estimate wave height and period.Key variables analyzed included wind velocity,wind direction,the Joint North Sea Wave Project(JONSWAP)bottom friction coefficient,the whitecapping coefficient,and the depth-induced breaking index.Through a probabilistic approach,uncertainties were quantified using polynomial chaos expansion(PCE),and sensitivity analysis was performed via Sobol indices.This framework was applied to a case study of the Tiete—Parana Waterway in the Ilha Solteira Reservoir,Sao Paulo,Brazil.Simulations using the Janssen formulation yielded the most accurate wave height estimates.Sensitivity analysis based on Sobol indices identified wind velocity and the whitecapping coefficient as the most influential factors governing wave behavior.This integrated approach enables the generation of contour maps for wave height and period,offering valuable insights for project planning.Thus,the combination of deterministic and probabilistic analyses enhances the understanding of wind wave dynamics in inland waters.展开更多
Accurately predicting battery life is essential for performance management and system safety.Due to the complexity and diversity of internal mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries,their nonlinear characteristics directly...Accurately predicting battery life is essential for performance management and system safety.Due to the complexity and diversity of internal mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries,their nonlinear characteristics directly give rise to uncertainty in the battery degradation process.However,most existing prediction methods do not fully account for the uncertainty caused by various factors and only provide a point estimate finally.To address this issue,this paper proposes a new framework that combines Random Forest and Conformal Prediction to predict battery life and quantify the uncertainty of the results.This approach leverages the efficiency of Random Forest while enhancing computational robustness and reliability through conformal prediction.The method utilizes early degradation data to select relevant features.Based on this,high-importance feature combinations are selected,and a Random Forest model is used to obtain point estimates.Then,the Conformal Prediction method is introduced to quantify uncertainty and generate prediction intervals with confidence levels and sample-specific bounds.Furthermore,the proposed method is compared against existing uncertainty quantification approaches,with coverage evaluation conducted to enhance the credibility of the prediction results.This method offers a new perspective for the practical application of battery lifetime prediction.Integrating uncertainty quantification into lithium-ion battery research can improve the reliability of the results and support decision-making in practical applications.展开更多
Accurate,spatially consistent estimates of tree density remain elusive at continental scales,limiting our ability to assess forest structure,carbon stocks,and biodiversity.Existing global assessments have relied on si...Accurate,spatially consistent estimates of tree density remain elusive at continental scales,limiting our ability to assess forest structure,carbon stocks,and biodiversity.Existing global assessments have relied on simplified statistical models and sparse,heterogeneous ground data that are insufficient to capture nonlinear ecological interactions and spatial variability.To address these limitations,we integrated more than 600,000 harmonized ground-based forest inventory plots with satellite-derived vegetation indices,climate surfaces,soil properties,and topographic covariates to develop a deep learning framework for high-resolution mapping of tree density across North America.We evaluated four modeling approaches-generalized linear models(GLMs),ridge regression(RR),random forest(RF),and a feedforward neural network(FFNN).Among all models tested,the FFNN achieved the highest predictive accuracy(RMSE=344.8;R 2=39.53%),and was used to produce a wall-to-wall tree density map at 3 km resolution for the continent.We estimated that the total number of forest trees with diameter at breast height(DBH)≥10 cm across North America ranges from 339 to 514 billion,substantially lower than the widely cited estimate of 603 billion trees reported by Crowther et al.(2015).When smaller stems were included(no DBH threshold),totals more than doubled,reaching 738 billion to 1.12 trillion trees.We quantified uncertainty using Monte Carlo(MC)Dropout,generating pixel-level error estimates and confidence intervals.Spatial patterns reveal high tree densities in boreal and temperate forests,intermediate densities in mixed broadleaf regions,and relatively low densities in deserts,Mediterranean systems,and tundra.Compared to the global GLM-based benchmark by Crowther et al.(2015),our deep learning framework achieves markedly higher predictive accuracy,aligns more closely with national forest inventory statistics,and provides explicit uncertainty quantification,supporting applications in carbon accounting,biodiversity modeling,and ecosystem monitoring at scales through region specific calibration and validation.展开更多
A near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) approach was established for quality control of the alcohol precipitation liquid in the manufacture of Codonopsis Radix. By applying NIRS with multivariate analysis, it was possibl...A near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) approach was established for quality control of the alcohol precipitation liquid in the manufacture of Codonopsis Radix. By applying NIRS with multivariate analysis, it was possible to build variation into the calibration sample set, and the Plackett-Burman design, Box-Behnken design, and a concentrating-diluting method were used to obtain the sample set covered with sufficient fluctuation of process parameters and extended concentration information. NIR data were calibrated to predict the four quality indicators using partial least squares regression(PLSR). In the four calibration models, the root mean squares errors of prediction(RMSEPs) were 1.22 μg/ml, 10.5 μg/ml, 1.43 μg/ml, and 0.433% for lobetyolin, total flavonoids, pigments, and total solid contents, respectively. The results indicated that multi-components quantification of the alcohol precipitation liquid of Codonopsis Radix could be achieved with an NIRS-based method, which offers a useful tool for real-time release testing(RTRT) of intermediates in the manufacture of Codonopsis Radix.展开更多
Complex subsurface structures exhibit significant anisotropic characteristics,making multi-parameter imaging techniques important for achieving a more comprehensive geological interpretation.Fullwaveform inversion(FWI...Complex subsurface structures exhibit significant anisotropic characteristics,making multi-parameter imaging techniques important for achieving a more comprehensive geological interpretation.Fullwaveform inversion(FWI)as a state-of-the-art method for reconstructing subsurface properties based on seismic wavefield modeling and data misfit minimization has been widely applied to isotropic media in both synthetic and field datasets.However,challenges such as crosstalk correlation and inaccuracy of the initial model indicate that further advancements are required to enhance resolution and computational efficiency.We propose an elastic FWI in the frequency domain for two-dimensional(2D)TI media to characterize their physical properties appropriately,as they are common in sedimentary basin environments.Different from traditional inversion schemes,our approach is formulated based on Bayesian inference,which automatically facilitates uncertainty analysis of the inversion results.Seismic data are acquired via the integral equation(IE)method grounded in scattering theory,where the sensitivity kernel is explicitly constructed using Green's functions,hence facilitating the calculation of gradient and Hessian.A Krylov subspace iterative method provides the approximated solution of the Lippmann-Schwinger(L-S)equation without sacrificing the accuracy.Furthermore,we incorporate the minimum support(MS)stabilizing functional as a model misfit term to regularize the objective function.A randomized singular value decomposition(SVD)approach is used to approximate and decompose the prior preconditioned Hessian.Both the model and covariance are updated through the iterative extended Kalman filter(IEKF)that implemented in the form of the Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)algorithm,thereby enabling practical uncertainty quantification.Numerical tests are conducted on two synthetic TI models with vertical and tilted symmetry axes,respectively,illustrating the precision and robustness of our method.展开更多
This study establishes and validates a method for the precise quantification of aquatic microbial loads using microbial diversity absolute quantitative sequencing.By adding synthetic spike-in DNA to water samples from...This study establishes and validates a method for the precise quantification of aquatic microbial loads using microbial diversity absolute quantitative sequencing.By adding synthetic spike-in DNA to water samples from the Dahei River prior to DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing,it generates standard curves to convert sequencing data into absolute microbial copy numbers.The method,which is proved highly accurate(R2>0.99),reveals a clear contrast between the river sites:the upstream community has not only a significantly higher total microbial load but also a completely different makeup of species compared to the downstream site.This approach effectively overcomes the limitations of relative abundance analysis,providing a powerful tool for environmental monitoring,and proposes key steps for future standardization to ensure data comparability and integration.展开更多
Traditional fermented vegetables(lanyancai)in Inner Mongolia are culturally significant fermented foods characterized by intricate microbial communities.However,the empirical traditional production methodologies frequ...Traditional fermented vegetables(lanyancai)in Inner Mongolia are culturally significant fermented foods characterized by intricate microbial communities.However,the empirical traditional production methodologies frequently result in inconsistent product quality.Conventional high-throughput sequencing approaches,which generate relative abundance data,are inherently limited in their capacity to reflect absolute microbial biomass dynamics.This limitation obscures the distinction between quality deterioration attributable to“microbial community succession”and that driven by“total biomass over-accumulation.”To address this methodological gap,this study implemented the Absolute Quantitative Microbiome Profiling(aQMP),utilizing a spike-in normalization strategy to establish a metrological framework for microbial load quantification within this high-salt and high-acid fermented matrix.The data demonstrated the robust stability of this method,enabling precise quantification of total microbial load.Notably,while lactic acid bacteria maintained a dominant relative abundance throughout the process,samples exhibiting quality defects displayed a significant escalation in total microbial load-increasing approximately tenfold compared to samples at the standard fermentation stage.These findings suggest that product quality decline is primarily due to the uncontrolled proliferation of the total microbial biomass rather than the dominance of specific spoilage organisms.This study provides a scientific foundation for the standardized production and quality control of traditional fermented foods through absolute microbial quantification.展开更多
A convenient photocatalytic multi-component reaction of alkenes,quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones,and diazo compounds has been developed in the presence of water.A number of ester-containing quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones could be efficie...A convenient photocatalytic multi-component reaction of alkenes,quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones,and diazo compounds has been developed in the presence of water.A number of ester-containing quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones could be efficiently obtained in moderate to good yields at room temperature.This metal-free visiblelight-driven tandem reaction was conducted through proton-coupled electron transfer(PCET)process using water as the hydrogen donor and 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene(4CzIPN)as the photocatalyst.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Nos.U24A2026 and52271033)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20221493).
摘要Multi-component transition metal carbides(MTMCs)have garnered significant attention for their out-standing high-temperature stability and versatile properties,which make them ideal candidates for a wide range of industrial applications.However,the underlying mechanisms governing the crystal growth and morphological evolution of MTMCs remain poorly understood,hindering the design of materials with tailored characteristics.In this paper,we employ an in-situ liquid-solid reaction method to synthesize(HfTaZrNbTi)C MTMC powders and explore their crystal growth and morphology evolution.The synthesized(TiZrHfNbTa)C powders exhibit two distinct morphologies:cubic,primarily composed of Ti,Hf,Ta,and Zr with a small amount of Nb,and octahedral,rich in Ti and Ta with minor amounts of Hf,Nb,and Zr.First-principles calculations show that the surface energy of the(100)plane is lower than the(111)plane,leading to the formation of the cubic morphology.The octahedral morphology forms due to decreased mixing entropy and higher theoretical density compared to cubic particles.Our findings provide valuable insights into the crystal growth and morphology evolution mechanisms of high-entropy ceramics,contributing to the rational design of MTMCs with engineered crystal structures for diverse structural and functional applications.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3400800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92478201,32071276,and 32201046)。
摘要Immunoglobulin G(IgG)N-glycans are associated with aging.In this study,we introduce a novel strategy for discovering aging-associated IgG glycans and establish a prediction model on the basis of their absolute concentration alterations.We employed glycomic quantification technology to identify alterations in the amount of IgG glycan in natural aging and antiaging(caloric restriction(CR))models and discovered aging-related glycans.The glycomic analysis revealed key features:downregulation of the bisected glycan GP3(F(6)A2B)and upregulation of the digalactosylated glycan GP8(F(6)A2G2).These glycan changes showed significant fold changes from an early stage.Using external standards of these two glycans,we subsequently measured their absolute concentrations,allowing for us to establish a predictive model,abGlycoAge,for biological aging.The abGlycoAge index suggested a younger state under CR,with an average age reduction of 3.9–14.0 weeks.Additionally,RNA sequencing of splenic B cells revealed that Derl3,Smarcb1,Ankrd55,Tbkbp1,and Slc38a10 may contribute to alterations in GP3 and GP8 during the aging process.In a preliminary therapeutic study,we tested IgG modified with young signature Nglycans(IgG-Ny).High-dose IgG-Ny showed promising results,alleviating aging-related physiological declines,including reductions in inflammatory markers and improvements in organ senescence,particularly in the brain,kidney,and lungs.This research provides new insights into glycan changes during aging and lays the groundwork for potential antiaging therapies.GP3 and GP8 may serve as biomarkers for aging,offering new perspectives on aging mechanisms and therapeutic approaches.
基金the University of Sharjah for the provided support in conducting this research。
摘要This paper introduces a probabilistic framework for enhancing the seismic design of structures by incorporating uncertainty quantification(UQ)in response analysis.Traditional design codes,often deterministic,can lead to either overly conservative or unreliable designs.The proposed method integrates uncertainties in vibration periods and damping ratios as random variables,using elastic response spectra and the ASCE 7-16 design response spectrum for a more accurate seismic risk assessment.The framework effectively identifies discrepancies between measured and predicted vibration periods and damping ratios through numerical examples and case studies,highlighting the risk of non-conservative designs with nominal values.It emphasizes the need to account for biases in vibration period approximations as per ASCE 7 to prevent under-conservative designs.This approach allows engineers and researchers to estimate building responses more realistically,which is crucial for appropriate seismic design and performance evaluation.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province,China(ZDYF2023XDNY036)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1000204)。
摘要Skeletal muscle is composed of multinucleated muscle fibers,which play a crucial role in determining the quality of meat products in livestock.Quantifying the total number of muscle fibers(TNM)is essential for understanding muscle composition,but this remains challenging in poultry,particularly since the considerable number of livestock complicates the preparation of tissue sections for analysis and makes the counting process laborious.Our previous study developed an automatic muscle fiber quantification tool powered by deep learning,named MyoV,which has addressed this bottleneck.This study employed the MyoV tool for accurately quantifying TNM in the pectoral muscles of slow-growing(SL),mediumgrowing(ML),and fast-growing(FL)broilers.The results showed that FL group exhibited higher growth performance compared to ML and SL groups from the embryonic to rearing stages.Processing of whole slide images of pectoral muscle revealed significantly higher TNM in FL and ML groups than in SL group(P<0.01).The TNM values of FL,ML and SL groups were 693,568.00±54,169.80,652,122.00±65,822.60,and 539,778.57±40,722.94 at 7 days of age(D7),respectively;and 663,014.93±58,801.11,645,784.76±80,204.34 and 507,280.29±98,092.16 at D35 for FL,ML and SL groups,respectively.Differences in the cross-sectional area(CSA)of muscle fibers among the three groups were consistent with the TNM results.A correlation analysis showed correlation coefficients of 0.73–0.89 between body weight(BW)and TNM and 0.78–0.87 between BW and CSA.These findings directly indicate that the number of muscle fibers in broilers is an important foundation for their rapid growth and development.This study precisely quantified the muscle fiber number of an important skeletal muscle in poultry for the first time,which provides direct evidence for the physiological basis of rapid development in broilers and offers important data support for further in-depth studies on muscle fiber development.
基金jointlyfunded by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA0716800)the National Science and Technology MajorProject for Oil and GasExploration and Development(Grant No.2025ZD1401405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant No.42374064).
摘要The precise characterization of subsurface fracture systems,especially sub-seismicfractures below seismic resolution,is critical for developing complex hydrocarbon reservoirs.While antcolony optimization(Aco)introduced"ant tracking"for seismicfracture detection,traditional methods rely on isotropic post-stack attributes,ignoring azimuthal anisotropy—a key indicator of fracture orientation and density.The azimuth-aware anisotropic bayes ACO(Ani-Bayes ACO)integrated pre-stack anisotropy via Bayesian priors but suffered from deterministic constraints and staticheuristics,limiting its ability to model conjugate fracture systems or parameter uncertainty.To resolve these limitations,we propose the anisotropy-dynamic ACO(ADACO)algorithm.ADACO replaces deterministic constraints with probabilistic,dynamically evolving fracture parameter distributions:von Mises for orientation and lognormal for density,both parameterized by elliptical fitting credibility.During optimization,a Hidden Markov Model(HMM)globally evaluates path consistency,while elite-path feedback iteratively focuses the distributions.Thisenablesuncertainty-quantified fracture prediction,multi-settracking,and autonomous adaptation to fracture clustering.Validation in a complex shale gas reservoir showed 85%consistency with drilling data-a significant improvement over Ani-Bayes AcO(46%).ADAcO thus provides a robust tool for sub-seismic fracture characterization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52408533)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2024QE408)+3 种基金the University of Jinan Disciplinary Cross-Convergence Construction Project 2023(XKJC202310)the Municipal and School Integration Development Strategic Project of Jinan City(JNSX2023023)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(24JCQNJC00870)Doctoral Fund Support Project of University of Jinan(XRC2563).
摘要Structural displacement monitoring faces significant challenges under complex environmental conditions due to the loss or degradation of target features,making it difficult for traditional methods to ensure high accuracy and robustness.Therefore,this study proposes a structural displacement identification and quantification method that integrates YOLOv8n with an improved edge-orientation gradient-based template matching algorithm.By combining deep learning techniques with traditional template matching methods,the accuracy and robustness of monitoring are enhanced under adverse conditions such as noise and extremely low illumination.Specifically,in the edge-orientation gradient matching stage,the Canny-Devernay sub-pixel edge detection technique and an improved ellipse-fitting method are employed for sub-pixel edge extraction,and a five-level Gaussian pyramid structure is introduced to accelerate the matching speed.Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves high-precision displacement monitoring under sufficient illumination,and it maintains stable target localization and displacement quantification performance under conditions of noise interference and extremely low illumination.Notably,under salt-and-pepper noise interference,although YOLOv8n maintains a high level of localization confidence,the accuracy of gradient matching deteriorates,resulting in a root-mean-square error(RMSE)of 0.035 mm.This finding reveals the differential impact of various noise types on different stages of the algorithm.The proposed method offers a novel technological approach for precise structural displacement monitoring in complex environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273119,62173103).
摘要The launch process of a multi-stage launch vehicle is significantly influenced by uncertain parameters,including air density,aerodynamic parameters,and engine thrust,which often exhibit deviation.Predicting the trajectory range of the launch vehicle under the influence of uncertainty is essential before launch,and uncertainty quantification serves as a crucial method to address this challenge.In traditional uncertainty quantification for launch vehicles,unknown parameters are often assigned specific distributions based on prior knowledge.However,prior knowledge is sometimes subjective,and unknown parameters are often assigned conservative ranges to meet safety margins.In addition,the flight data of the past launch is precious,especially in quantifying the uncertainty of reusable or same-type launch vehicles.This paper utilizes flight data to estimate parameters base on Bayesian methods and integrates the estimation results with prior knowledge,which can more objectively set the distribution of uncertain parameters.Reasonable distribution has a positive impact on uncertainty quantification,which can avoid control strategies that are not robust enough or overly redundant.Therefore,the uncertainty quantification for launch vehicles is discussed under different information sources.In addition,the algorithm is accelerated based on Gaussian process regression and polynomial chaos expansions.
基金supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research(AFOSR),United States of America(Grant No.FA9550-22-10065)the funding support from the Office of Naval Research(Grant No.N00014-23-1-2071)the National Science Foundation(Grant No.OAC-2047127)。
摘要The hybrid neural differentiable models mark a significant advancement in the field of scientific machine learning.These models,integrating numerical representations of known physics into deep neural networks,offer enhanced predictive capabilities and show great potential for data-driven modeling of complex physical systems.However,a critical and yet unaddressed challenge lies in the quantification of inherent uncertainties stemming from multiple sources.Addressing this gap,we introduce a novel method,uncertainty quantification for hybrid neural differentiable modeling,for effective and efficient uncertainty propagation and estimation in hybrid neural differentiable models,leveraging the strengths of deep ensemble Bayesian learning and nonlinear transformations.Specifically,our approach effectively discerns and quantifies both aleatoric uncertainties,arising from data noise,and epistemic uncertainties,resulting from model-form discrepancies and data sparsity.This is achieved within a Bayesian model averaging framework,where aleatoric uncertainties are modeled through hybrid neural models.The unscented transformation plays a pivotal role in enabling the flow of these uncertainties through the nonlinear functions within the hybrid model.In contrast,epistemic uncertainties are estimated using an ensemble of stochastic gradient descent trajectories.This approach offers a practical approximation to the posterior distribution of both the network parameters and the physical parameters.Notably,our framework is designed for simplicity in implementation and high scalability,making it suitable for parallel computing environments.The merits of the proposed method have been demonstrated through problems governed by both ordinary and partial differentiable equations.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2021YFC2401100,2022YFF0607900)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(No.2023CXGC010506)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21927812)the Research Project of the National Institute of Metrology(Nos.AKYRC2305,AKYZZ2325,AKYKF2408 and AKYKF2515).
摘要Precise assessment of tacrolimus(TAC)concentrations is critical in clinical diagnostics,and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)is the preferred approach due to its high specificity and sensitivity.However,classic LC-MS/MS systems are frequently enormous,costly,and need expert operation,which restricts its applicability in numerous industries.In this paper,a liquid chromatography–miniature mass spectrometry(LC-MiniMS)system was designed and developed.The miniature linear ion trap spectrometer had a footprint of 59×38×27 cm3,which substantially reduced the instrument size and cost while maintaining quantitative performance.The LC-MiniMS system’s circuit boards were integrated and the software automation was optimized,so it was more convenient to use and maintain.Results demonstrated excellent linearity over the range of 0.5–50 ng/mL with R2>0.99.The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.1 and 0.3 ng/mL,respectively.The accuracy ranged from 99.67%to 106.10%,intraday precision was between 0.70%and 2.61%,and interday precision was between 0.90%and 2.90%,all within acceptable limits,and matrix effects were negligible.The method was successfully applied to quantify TAC in 32 clinical whole-blood samples,and the results strongly agreed with those from a conventional LC-MS/MS system(QTRAP 6500+).The LC-MiniMS system can efficiently quantify TAC in whole blood and provide a tiny,cost-effective,and uncomplicated option for therapeutic drug monitoring in clinical settings,especially in decentralized or resource-limited scenarios.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3202202)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.310400209521)+1 种基金the Talent Startup Fund of Beijing Normal University(Nos.310432104 and 312200502503)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M760246).
摘要The trade-off between quality and difficulty is a challenge when quantifying ambient antibiotics at trace levels.Compared with the precise yet complicate methods such as mass spectrometry(MS)techniques,the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)offer a simple alternative.While some studies applied it on quantifying environmental pollutants,diverse optimization procedures were employed and matrix effects were not well-addressed.Here,the quantification capability of solid-phase extraction(SPE)coupled with ELISA on ambient antibiotics was evaluated using a newly developed standardized procedure.SPE-ELISA first underwent more rigorous optimization using an overall performance index and three-dimensional recovery response surface.A series of quantitative indicators including precision(relative standard deviation reached 0.3%),sensitivity(a minimal of 3.8 ng/L variation can be distinguished),limit of detection(0.3µg/L without pretreatment),and recoveries(>90%)of SPE-ELISA were achieved and the corresponding conditions were revealed.To eliminate matrix effects,the standard addition method was adopted.This approach,coupled with the linearization of the nonlinear calibration curve,yielded highly accurate(errors of 9%and 5.2%)and reliable(standard deviation of 0.49 and 0.61)results on measuring simulated surface and wastewaters with 5 ng/L and 10 ng/L sulfamethoxazole,which were highly comparable to those of MS methods(P>0.05).Overall,with more rigorous optimization and matrix effect eliminated,the standardized procedure in this study enabled SPE-ELISA to achieve high-quality quantification results.Considering the high throughputs,simple procedure,and low installation costs of SPE-ELISA,it could be a promising alternative for quantifying ambient antibiotics.
基金Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.QKHJC-ZK[2024]654)Guizhou Provincial University Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Electronic Materials(No.QJJ[2023]021).
摘要Carbenes as one of the most important class of intermediates have been widely utilized in various organic synthetic transformations.Carbene insertion-initiated ring-opening reactions of cyclic ethers offer a valuable strategy for constructing new carbon-oxygen bonds.In comparison with traditional thermal or metal-mediated carbene transfer reactions,visible-light-promoted multi-component reaction strategy provides a mild and eco-friendly approach to access densely functionalized molecules.Recently,visible-light-induced multi-component carbene transfer reactions of diazo compounds have been rapidly developed and attracted a great deal of research interest of chemists owing to their advantages of simple operation,mild condition,high atom economy and rich structural diversity.This paper summarizes the recent research progress on the visible-light-promoted multi-component carbene transfer reactions of diazo compounds via ring-opening of cyclic ethers with various nucleophiles.The reaction patterns of different nucleophiles and their corresponding mechanism are described in this review.The future research direction and challenges in this area are also discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52574063)the National Major Science and Technology Project of China(2025ZD1407704)。
摘要The development of heavy oil reservoirs with edge-water presents significant challenges during pure steam flooding(PSF),including steam override,severe channeling,limited displacement/sweep efficiency,and water invasion.To address these issues,multi-component composite steam flooding(MCCSF)was proposed as an improved steam flooding(SF)method.This study introduced a novel threedimensional(3D)physical simulation approach that accurately replicated the recovery process in edgewater reservoirs.Additionally,a new similarity criterion number was proposed to characterize edgewater energy conversion.Then,comparative experiments(Exp.A:PSF;Exp.B:MCCSF)were conducted to elucidate the advantages and enhanced oil recovery(EOR)mechanisms of MCCSF.Results demonstrated that MCCSF effectively accelerated the thermal connection between wells,mitigated steam override,and improved steam thermal utilization.Compared with PSF,MCCSF achieved higher peak oil production rate and longer stable production stage.In heterogeneous reservoirs with structural dip,MCCSF generated a more uniform steam chamber and reduced the performance gap between higher and lower wells.Post-displacement oil saturation in the middle and upper main layers was typically 7%–10%lower under MCCSF than under PSF.Furthermore,MCCSF significantly suppressed the degree and extent of edge-water invasion in the lower reservoir zones.The final oil recovery factor of MCCSF reached 55.37%,representing an 11.71%improvement over PSF.This study established a scalable laboratory methodology and revealed the coupled displacement mechanisms of steam–gas–chemical system under edge-water conditions,offering both theoretical insights and experimental support for optimizing thermal recovery in heavy oil reservoirs.
基金support of the Financing Agency for Studies and Projects(FINEP)and the Sao Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP)as well as the institutional support of the Federal Institute of Education,Science and Technology of Minas Gerais(IFMG)-Piumhi Campus.
摘要Wind waves in reservoirs represent a key hydrodynamic process influencing shoreline stability,navigation safety,and the design of hydraulic infrastructure.Despite their practical relevance,wave prediction in inland waters remains subject to significant uncertainties,particularly related to wind forcing and empirical model parameters.This study integrated deterministic and probabilistic approaches for predicting wind waves in reservoirs.Using a deterministic approach,the Simulating Waves Nearshore(SWAN)model was applied to estimate wave height and period.Key variables analyzed included wind velocity,wind direction,the Joint North Sea Wave Project(JONSWAP)bottom friction coefficient,the whitecapping coefficient,and the depth-induced breaking index.Through a probabilistic approach,uncertainties were quantified using polynomial chaos expansion(PCE),and sensitivity analysis was performed via Sobol indices.This framework was applied to a case study of the Tiete—Parana Waterway in the Ilha Solteira Reservoir,Sao Paulo,Brazil.Simulations using the Janssen formulation yielded the most accurate wave height estimates.Sensitivity analysis based on Sobol indices identified wind velocity and the whitecapping coefficient as the most influential factors governing wave behavior.This integrated approach enables the generation of contour maps for wave height and period,offering valuable insights for project planning.Thus,the combination of deterministic and probabilistic analyses enhances the understanding of wind wave dynamics in inland waters.
摘要Accurately predicting battery life is essential for performance management and system safety.Due to the complexity and diversity of internal mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries,their nonlinear characteristics directly give rise to uncertainty in the battery degradation process.However,most existing prediction methods do not fully account for the uncertainty caused by various factors and only provide a point estimate finally.To address this issue,this paper proposes a new framework that combines Random Forest and Conformal Prediction to predict battery life and quantify the uncertainty of the results.This approach leverages the efficiency of Random Forest while enhancing computational robustness and reliability through conformal prediction.The method utilizes early degradation data to select relevant features.Based on this,high-importance feature combinations are selected,and a Random Forest model is used to obtain point estimates.Then,the Conformal Prediction method is introduced to quantify uncertainty and generate prediction intervals with confidence levels and sample-specific bounds.Furthermore,the proposed method is compared against existing uncertainty quantification approaches,with coverage evaluation conducted to enhance the credibility of the prediction results.This method offers a new perspective for the practical application of battery lifetime prediction.Integrating uncertainty quantification into lithium-ion battery research can improve the reliability of the results and support decision-making in practical applications.
基金supported by Research Grants 25-15727S of the Czech Science FoundationLUAUS26250(program INTEREXCELLENCE,subprogram INTER-ACTION)provided by the Czech Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports,and long-term research development project RVO 67985939 of Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciencespartially supported by the ERDC grant"High-Resolution Mapping of Average Tree Size&Total Basal Area."
摘要Accurate,spatially consistent estimates of tree density remain elusive at continental scales,limiting our ability to assess forest structure,carbon stocks,and biodiversity.Existing global assessments have relied on simplified statistical models and sparse,heterogeneous ground data that are insufficient to capture nonlinear ecological interactions and spatial variability.To address these limitations,we integrated more than 600,000 harmonized ground-based forest inventory plots with satellite-derived vegetation indices,climate surfaces,soil properties,and topographic covariates to develop a deep learning framework for high-resolution mapping of tree density across North America.We evaluated four modeling approaches-generalized linear models(GLMs),ridge regression(RR),random forest(RF),and a feedforward neural network(FFNN).Among all models tested,the FFNN achieved the highest predictive accuracy(RMSE=344.8;R 2=39.53%),and was used to produce a wall-to-wall tree density map at 3 km resolution for the continent.We estimated that the total number of forest trees with diameter at breast height(DBH)≥10 cm across North America ranges from 339 to 514 billion,substantially lower than the widely cited estimate of 603 billion trees reported by Crowther et al.(2015).When smaller stems were included(no DBH threshold),totals more than doubled,reaching 738 billion to 1.12 trillion trees.We quantified uncertainty using Monte Carlo(MC)Dropout,generating pixel-level error estimates and confidence intervals.Spatial patterns reveal high tree densities in boreal and temperate forests,intermediate densities in mixed broadleaf regions,and relatively low densities in deserts,Mediterranean systems,and tundra.Compared to the global GLM-based benchmark by Crowther et al.(2015),our deep learning framework achieves markedly higher predictive accuracy,aligns more closely with national forest inventory statistics,and provides explicit uncertainty quantification,supporting applications in carbon accounting,biodiversity modeling,and ecosystem monitoring at scales through region specific calibration and validation.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(973)of China(No.2012CB518405)the Zhejiang Traditional Medical Science and Technology Projects(No.2015ZB023),China
摘要A near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) approach was established for quality control of the alcohol precipitation liquid in the manufacture of Codonopsis Radix. By applying NIRS with multivariate analysis, it was possible to build variation into the calibration sample set, and the Plackett-Burman design, Box-Behnken design, and a concentrating-diluting method were used to obtain the sample set covered with sufficient fluctuation of process parameters and extended concentration information. NIR data were calibrated to predict the four quality indicators using partial least squares regression(PLSR). In the four calibration models, the root mean squares errors of prediction(RMSEPs) were 1.22 μg/ml, 10.5 μg/ml, 1.43 μg/ml, and 0.433% for lobetyolin, total flavonoids, pigments, and total solid contents, respectively. The results indicated that multi-components quantification of the alcohol precipitation liquid of Codonopsis Radix could be achieved with an NIRS-based method, which offers a useful tool for real-time release testing(RTRT) of intermediates in the manufacture of Codonopsis Radix.
基金supported by the Deep Earth National Science and Technology Major Project of China under Grant 2024ZD1002907the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 42374149。
摘要Complex subsurface structures exhibit significant anisotropic characteristics,making multi-parameter imaging techniques important for achieving a more comprehensive geological interpretation.Fullwaveform inversion(FWI)as a state-of-the-art method for reconstructing subsurface properties based on seismic wavefield modeling and data misfit minimization has been widely applied to isotropic media in both synthetic and field datasets.However,challenges such as crosstalk correlation and inaccuracy of the initial model indicate that further advancements are required to enhance resolution and computational efficiency.We propose an elastic FWI in the frequency domain for two-dimensional(2D)TI media to characterize their physical properties appropriately,as they are common in sedimentary basin environments.Different from traditional inversion schemes,our approach is formulated based on Bayesian inference,which automatically facilitates uncertainty analysis of the inversion results.Seismic data are acquired via the integral equation(IE)method grounded in scattering theory,where the sensitivity kernel is explicitly constructed using Green's functions,hence facilitating the calculation of gradient and Hessian.A Krylov subspace iterative method provides the approximated solution of the Lippmann-Schwinger(L-S)equation without sacrificing the accuracy.Furthermore,we incorporate the minimum support(MS)stabilizing functional as a model misfit term to regularize the objective function.A randomized singular value decomposition(SVD)approach is used to approximate and decompose the prior preconditioned Hessian.Both the model and covariance are updated through the iterative extended Kalman filter(IEKF)that implemented in the form of the Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)algorithm,thereby enabling practical uncertainty quantification.Numerical tests are conducted on two synthetic TI models with vertical and tilted symmetry axes,respectively,illustrating the precision and robustness of our method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32160172)the Key Science-Technology Project of Inner Mongolia(2023KYPT0010)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(Grant No.2025QN03006)the 2023 Inner Mongolia Public Institution High-level Talent Introduction Scientific Research Support Project.
摘要This study establishes and validates a method for the precise quantification of aquatic microbial loads using microbial diversity absolute quantitative sequencing.By adding synthetic spike-in DNA to water samples from the Dahei River prior to DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing,it generates standard curves to convert sequencing data into absolute microbial copy numbers.The method,which is proved highly accurate(R2>0.99),reveals a clear contrast between the river sites:the upstream community has not only a significantly higher total microbial load but also a completely different makeup of species compared to the downstream site.This approach effectively overcomes the limitations of relative abundance analysis,providing a powerful tool for environmental monitoring,and proposes key steps for future standardization to ensure data comparability and integration.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(Grant No.2025QN03006)the Food Safety Research of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grant No.sab20260105010)the 2023 Inner Mongolia Public Institution High-level Talent Introduction Scientific Research Support Project,and Youth Innovation Team Program of Shandong Higher Education Institution(Grant No.2025KJH020).
摘要Traditional fermented vegetables(lanyancai)in Inner Mongolia are culturally significant fermented foods characterized by intricate microbial communities.However,the empirical traditional production methodologies frequently result in inconsistent product quality.Conventional high-throughput sequencing approaches,which generate relative abundance data,are inherently limited in their capacity to reflect absolute microbial biomass dynamics.This limitation obscures the distinction between quality deterioration attributable to“microbial community succession”and that driven by“total biomass over-accumulation.”To address this methodological gap,this study implemented the Absolute Quantitative Microbiome Profiling(aQMP),utilizing a spike-in normalization strategy to establish a metrological framework for microbial load quantification within this high-salt and high-acid fermented matrix.The data demonstrated the robust stability of this method,enabling precise quantification of total microbial load.Notably,while lactic acid bacteria maintained a dominant relative abundance throughout the process,samples exhibiting quality defects displayed a significant escalation in total microbial load-increasing approximately tenfold compared to samples at the standard fermentation stage.These findings suggest that product quality decline is primarily due to the uncontrolled proliferation of the total microbial biomass rather than the dominance of specific spoilage organisms.This study provides a scientific foundation for the standardized production and quality control of traditional fermented foods through absolute microbial quantification.
基金supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2023NSFSC0101)the 2024 Provincial platform project of Chengdu Normal University(No.GNFZ202404)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021MB065)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22101237)。
摘要A convenient photocatalytic multi-component reaction of alkenes,quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones,and diazo compounds has been developed in the presence of water.A number of ester-containing quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones could be efficiently obtained in moderate to good yields at room temperature.This metal-free visiblelight-driven tandem reaction was conducted through proton-coupled electron transfer(PCET)process using water as the hydrogen donor and 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene(4CzIPN)as the photocatalyst.