Recent years have witnessed transformative changes brought about by artificial intelligence(AI)techniques with billions of parameters for the realization of high accuracy,proposing high demand for the advanced and AI ...Recent years have witnessed transformative changes brought about by artificial intelligence(AI)techniques with billions of parameters for the realization of high accuracy,proposing high demand for the advanced and AI chip to solve these AI tasks efficiently and powerfully.Rapid progress has been made in the field of advanced chips recently,such as the development of photonic computing,the advancement of the quantum processors,the boost of the biomimetic chips,and so on.Designs tactics of the advanced chips can be conducted with elaborated consideration of materials,algorithms,models,architectures,and so on.Though a few reviews present the development of the chips from their unique aspects,reviews in the view of the latest design for advanced and AI chips are few.Here,the newest development is systematically reviewed in the field of advanced chips.First,background and mechanisms are summarized,and subsequently most important considerations for co-design of the software and hardware are illustrated.Next,strategies are summed up to obtain advanced and AI chips with high excellent performance by taking the important information processing steps into consideration,after which the design thought for the advanced chips in the future is proposed.Finally,some perspectives are put forward.展开更多
Figure 6(a)in the paper[Chin.Phys.B 33074203(2024)]was incorrect due to editorial oversight.The correct figure is provided.This modification does not affect the result presented in the paper.
The naturally fermented Inner Mongolian cheese’s flavor and nutritional value make it a popular choice among customers.In this work,to create multi-functional peptides that have taste and biological activity,peptidom...The naturally fermented Inner Mongolian cheese’s flavor and nutritional value make it a popular choice among customers.In this work,to create multi-functional peptides that have taste and biological activity,peptidomics and bioinformatics were used to screen flavor peptides from Inner Mongolian cheese and further assess their antioxidant and angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory properties.According to sensory data,YH8 and IL7 had detectable bitter tastes with low thresholds of 0.03 and 0.06 mmol/L,respectively.With an umami threshold range of 0.24‒0.81 mmol/L,VQ6,FK13,HP13 and QT14 exhibited a range of flavors dominated by umami,including sweet,bitter,salty,sour and kokumi.Antioxidant activity wise,YH8,VQ6,HP13 and QT14 were well represented.The above-mentioned peptides all had some ACE inhibitory effect.The bitter peptide IL7(IC50=0.08 mmol/L)had the highest level of ACE inhibitory activity,followed by YH8(IC50=0.33 mmol/L).These multi-functional peptides,which have been assessed for bioactive and taste features in Inner Mongolian cheese,may have positive impacts on health and harmonize the cheese’s overall flavor.These results suggest that some flavor peptides produced in fermented foods might be with bioactivities while providing a basis for the exploration and application of multi-functional peptides.展开更多
Network-on-Chip(NoC)systems are progressively deployed in connecting massively parallel megacore systems in the new computing architecture.As a result,application mapping has become an important aspect of performance ...Network-on-Chip(NoC)systems are progressively deployed in connecting massively parallel megacore systems in the new computing architecture.As a result,application mapping has become an important aspect of performance and scalability,as current trends require the distribution of computation across network nodes/points.In this paper,we survey a large number of mapping and scheduling techniques designed for NoC architectures.This time,we concentrated on 3D systems.We take a systematic literature review approach to analyze existing methods across static,dynamic,hybrid,and machine-learning-based approaches,alongside preliminary AI-based dynamic models in recent works.We classify them into several main aspects covering power-aware mapping,fault tolerance,load-balancing,and adaptive for dynamic workloads.Also,we assess the efficacy of each method against performance parameters,such as latency,throughput,response time,and error rate.Key challenges,including energy efficiency,real-time adaptability,and reinforcement learning integration,are highlighted as well.To the best of our knowledge,this is one of the recent reviews that identifies both traditional and AI-based algorithms for mapping over a modern NoC,and opens research challenges.Finally,we provide directions for future work toward improved adaptability and scalability via lightweight learned models and hierarchical mapping frameworks.展开更多
Real-time identification of rock chip size and shape distributions from muck images plays a critical role in intelligently optimizing cutterhead thrust and torque parameters for tunnel boring machines(TBM).However,com...Real-time identification of rock chip size and shape distributions from muck images plays a critical role in intelligently optimizing cutterhead thrust and torque parameters for tunnel boring machines(TBM).However,complex light environments in field images are difficult to recognize via traditional methods.This paper proposes a U-Net-SAM framework integrating semantic segmentation and the vision foundation model—Segment Anything Model(SAM),combined with dropout-based uncertainty analysis,achieving efficient rock chip segmentation and parameter quantification.First,a U-Net is trained to identify the rock mass centroid as an automatic SAM prompt.Next,an overlap region optimization strategy based on Intersection over Union(IoU)and a noise filtering method is employed to tackle boundary blurring and particle adhesion.Finally,a Dropout layer is added to implement the committee-based uncertainty analysis model and quantify predictive uncertainty.Results show that:(1)U-Net-SAM improves mean F1-score and PA by 9.1%and 7.8%over U-Net;(2)A strong correlation between prediction standard deviation(SD)and error rate validates the proposed uncertainty quantification strategy.This framework provides reliable rock chip perception for intelligent TBM tunneling,with potential applications in other engineering scenarios.展开更多
1.Introduction。Aging is a systemic and progressive challenge of significant societal,medical,and scientific urgency.With global populations aging rapidly,age-related diseases,such as neurodegeneration and cardiovascu...1.Introduction。Aging is a systemic and progressive challenge of significant societal,medical,and scientific urgency.With global populations aging rapidly,age-related diseases,such as neurodegeneration and cardiovascular dysfunction,are accelerating,underscoring the urgent need to understand the mechanisms of aging and develop effective interventions.The trending organ-on-a-chip(OoC)technology offers a powerful solution by recapitulating organ-or tissue-level functions.However,the applications of OoC in aging research remain limited,since most current systems are confined to models that simulate endpoint phenotypes rather than the dynamic evolution of aging itself.展开更多
Eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)is a globally important vegetable crop,renowned for its nutritional value and economic significance.It is abundant in bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins and chlorogenic acid,which h...Eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)is a globally important vegetable crop,renowned for its nutritional value and economic significance.It is abundant in bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins and chlorogenic acid,which have been associated with multiple health-promoting properties(Azuma et al.,2008;Gurbuz et al.,2018).Given its significant hybrid vigor,F1 hybrid varieties are widely preferred in commercial cultivation(Mistry et al.,2018).However,traditional breeding practices predominantly rely on phenotypic selection,a process that is not only labor-intensive but also time-consuming.展开更多
Advances in stem cell biology and engineering have led to the development of organs-on-chips(OOCs)and organoids,which are in vitro models designed to emulate the structures and functions of human tissues in a more phy...Advances in stem cell biology and engineering have led to the development of organs-on-chips(OOCs)and organoids,which are in vitro models designed to emulate the structures and functions of human tissues in a more physiologically relevant manner than standard two-dimensional(2D)cultures do.After decades of technological progress,these models are now officially recognized tools in drug discovery and safety testing,with their roles evolving from bridging the gap between animal and human studies to validated approaches in reducing animal tests[1].Despite this great progress,only partial physiological structures and simplified functions can be recapitulated with current in vitro tissues,compelling us to seek more improvements in OOC and organoid construction methods.展开更多
For decades,drug development and disease research have been constrained by the limitations of two-dimensional(2D)cell cultures and animal models.These systems,while foundational to early biomedical progress,fail to re...For decades,drug development and disease research have been constrained by the limitations of two-dimensional(2D)cell cultures and animal models.These systems,while foundational to early biomedical progress,fail to replicate the cellular complexity,tissue architecture,and dynamic physiological interactions of human biology,leading to high attrition rates in clinical trials and a critical gap between preclinical findings and real-world patient outcomes.Today,this impasse is being dismantled by two revolutionary technologies:organoids and organs-on-chips(OOCs),which offer unprecedented fidelity to human tissue function and disease pathology.These advanced models bridge the divide between in vitro simplicity and in vivo complexity,providing a window into human biology that was once inaccessible.展开更多
Wafer-scale fabrication of high-performance microelectro-mechanical systems(MEMS)bio/chemical sensing chips remains constrained by the absence of reliable methods for integrating high-performance nanomaterials into su...Wafer-scale fabrication of high-performance microelectro-mechanical systems(MEMS)bio/chemical sensing chips remains constrained by the absence of reliable methods for integrating high-performance nanomaterials into suspended MEMS architectures.Here,a wafer-level manufacturing strategy is presented that redefines the MEMS process flow as“film first,cantilever later.”Through kinetically controlled self-assembly,wet-chemically synthesized Pd/SnO2nanospheres are transferred as dense,uniform monolithic films onto 8-inch wafers.An HfO2interface passivation patterning technology resolves long-standing incompatibility between functional sensing films and silicon substrates,enabling precise patterning and reliable integration on suspended MEMS cantilevers.The resulting Pd/SnO2MEMS H2 chips are fabricated onto an 8-inch wafer,demonstrating high sensitivity and consistency.This approach overcomes long-standing wafer-level manufacturing challenges in the formation and patterning of high-performance nanomaterials film,establishing a fully integrated wafer-level process that fundamentally redefines the manufacturing route for tetramethylammonium hydroxide-resistant nanomaterial-based MEMS sensing chips.展开更多
Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds(DLCs)rank among the most dangerous environmental contaminants affecting human health.Reliable and rapid detection tools for dioxins are,therefore,needed.To this end,as a proof-of-conc...Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds(DLCs)rank among the most dangerous environmental contaminants affecting human health.Reliable and rapid detection tools for dioxins are,therefore,needed.To this end,as a proof-of-concept,a sensing strategy based on a machine learning(ML)algorithm combined with a nanoplasmonic biosensor chip is presented for the detection of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in water solutions.The dataset is generated by exploiting an aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)conjugated layer on a gold nanograting(GNG)plasmonic platform,fabricated on a polymethyl methacrylate substrate via electron-beam lithography and sputtering processes.The sensor system has been tested to detect three different types of dioxins-2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran,and 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl-achieving detection limits of 0.6,1.43,and 6.37 amol/L,respectively.The obtained concentration ranges are below the regulatory values for dioxins in drinking water.Furthermore,to study the AhR-GNG detection capabilities in a complex real-world scenario,the interactions have also been tested in simulated seawater.The proposed sensing approach exploits the distinct binding affinities of dioxins and DLCs for AhR,as monitored by the AhR-GNG biosensor,to train an ML-based tool for classifying various types of dioxins.This strategy,based on an innovative sensing interface(AhR-GNG),named the“MathMaterial sensing interface,”made it possible to identify/classify the three different dioxins tested in this work,both separately and in mixtures.The results showed that the development of ML-based nanoplasmonic biosensor tools for dioxin detection is better suited to realworld scenarios,where multiple types of these contaminants are co-present.展开更多
Interorgan interactions are essential for organogenesis and maturation,with their dysregulation leading to developmental disorders.However,the ability of current physiologically relevant human models to recapitulate i...Interorgan interactions are essential for organogenesis and maturation,with their dysregulation leading to developmental disorders.However,the ability of current physiologically relevant human models to recapitulate interorgan crosstalk during early developmental stages remains limited.Here,we develop a trans-germ-layer codevelopment organoid chip(TGCO-Chip)that enables the coemergence of two interconnected distinct organoids from a common upstream-lineage stem cell aggregate under well-controlled biochemical conditions.Specifically,we established a human pluripotent stem cell-derived heart-brain codevelopoid(HBC)model using a TGCO-Chip,and the codevelopoid recapitulated the developmental features of the heart and brain,including cell lineages,tissue architecture,and functionality.Furthermore,codevelopoids emulate neural projections to cardiac tissues and their regulatory effects during the early developmental stage of organogenesis.Compared with the interconnected heart-heart organoids,the neural compartment significantly increased the average cardiac beating rates and contraction amplitudes.Transcriptomic analysis confirmed that neural compartments in HBCs promoted cardiac differentiation and maturation.Overall,the TGCO-Chip platform provides an innovative tool for bioengineering multiorganoid complexes derived from shared progenitor lineages.Codevelopoids hold immense potential for applications in developmental biology,disease modeling,and regenerative medicine and can provide unprecedented insights into the dynamic interactions between different cell lineages and tissues.展开更多
The implementation of multiple pathogen testing is essential for a rapid response to future outbreaks and for reducing disease transmission.This study introduces a 96-channel microfluidic chip,fabricated through a mol...The implementation of multiple pathogen testing is essential for a rapid response to future outbreaks and for reducing disease transmission.This study introduces a 96-channel microfluidic chip,fabricated through a molding process,which enables the batch detection of pathogens.It explores the rapid lysis and elution processes of pathogens within the microfluidic chips to ensure that nucleic acid extraction,elution,and amplification are completed entirely within the chip.This chip can extract nucleic acids from samples in just 10 min,achieving an extraction efficiency comparable to that of traditional in-tube methods.An oil phase is pre-loaded into the chip to effectively prevent aerosol contamination.This approach allows for the simultaneous detection of 21 common respiratory pathogens,with a detection limit of 10 copies per reaction.Furthermore,applications involving clinical samples demonstrate significant practicality.Compared to many traditional in-tube pathogen detection methods and molecular biology technologies that utilize microfluidic chips,this detection chip not only enables simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens but also demonstrates high sensitivity.展开更多
Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are cells that become detached from a primary tumor and enter the vascular or lymphatic system.These cells contain nearly the entire genetic information of the primary tumor.Enrichment and...Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are cells that become detached from a primary tumor and enter the vascular or lymphatic system.These cells contain nearly the entire genetic information of the primary tumor.Enrichment and detection of CTCs play a crucial role in prognostications and risk assessments of tumor metastasis and recurrence,evaluation of efficacy and potential medications for precision tumor therapy,and detection of dynamic biomarkers during tumor treatment.Current methods of CTC capture often face the challenge of balancing capture rate and purity.To address these issues,we propose a microfluidic biochip based on the principle of immunoaffinity,which incorporates a herringbone microchannel and deterministic lateral displacement(DLD)technology for the capture of CTCs.By manipulating the internal structural design of the microfluidic chip,we optimized the flow field within the chip,thereby enhancing the contact frequency between cells and aptamers and ultimately improving the capture rate.The proposed chip demonstrated a capture efficiency of approximately 91.87%for human breast cancer cells(MCF7),with a release rate of 77.5%.The relative activity of the released cells was approximately 94.08%.Notably,the specificity of the aptamers toward tumor cell surface antigens enables high-purity capture.Additionally,the use of DNA enzymes to digest aptamers facilitates the release of high-activity CTCs,offering a method to simultaneously achieve a high capture rate,purity,and activity enrichment.展开更多
Lysosomes are important organelles involved in intracellular degradation and nutrition-dependent signal transduction.While existing studies have primarily focused on lysosomal pH changes during processes such as lysos...Lysosomes are important organelles involved in intracellular degradation and nutrition-dependent signal transduction.While existing studies have primarily focused on lysosomal pH changes during processes such as lysosomal membrane damage leading to cell death,investigations into lysosomal pH alterations during cell invasion have been largely overlooked.Here,we present a method to analyze lysosomal pH changes during cancer cell invasion using a microfluidic chip-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)technique for real-time imaging.Our customdesigned microfluidic chip simulated the cell invasion process,enabling simultaneous,real-time,and in situ SERS monitoring of cells exhibiting varying degrees of invasion and migration.The synthesized pH nanoprobe is based on 4-MPy-modified gold−silver core−shell nanoparticles,boasting good biocompatibility,a high SERS enhancement effect,and subcellular-level targeted monitoring capabilities.Through our SERS microfluidic chip,we observed a slight decrease in lysosomal pH and a slight increase in extracellular pH,with lysosomes predominantly located in the cell periphery during cell invasion.This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between lysosomes and cancer metastasis.展开更多
To achieve continuous demodulation,high precision,and high resolution in the C-band,this paper designs,simulates and prepares a 30-channel array waveguide grating(AWG)based on a silicon dioxide planar optical circuit ...To achieve continuous demodulation,high precision,and high resolution in the C-band,this paper designs,simulates and prepares a 30-channel array waveguide grating(AWG)based on a silicon dioxide planar optical circuit for fiber Bragg grating(FBG)interrogation and couples the prepared AWG with a photodetector array using hybrid integration technology.The test results indicate that the AWG has a good transmission spectrum,a 3 dB bandwidth of 2.15 nm,an insertion loss of approximately 3.6–4.2 dB,and crosstalk of less than−30 dB.The FBG interrogation system can achieve continuous demodulation in the dynamic range of 1521–1569 nm,and realize continuous demodulation in the C-band with a wavelength resolution of 1 pm and a demodulation accuracy of 5.8 pm.This demodulation method provides an optimization direction for researching FBG interrogation systems based on AWGs.展开更多
We are sorry for the mistakes of Affiliation,"a State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials,Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China"should be replaced by&quo...We are sorry for the mistakes of Affiliation,"a State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials,Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China"should be replaced by"a State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials,Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials,College of Materials Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China".We apologized for the inconvenience caused by this error.展开更多
Multi-organ-on-a-chip(MOOC)technology represents a pivotal direction in the organ-on-a-chip field,seeking to emulate the complex interactions of multiple human organs in vitro through microfluidic systems.This technol...Multi-organ-on-a-chip(MOOC)technology represents a pivotal direction in the organ-on-a-chip field,seeking to emulate the complex interactions of multiple human organs in vitro through microfluidic systems.This technology overcomes the limitations of traditional single-organ models,providing a novel platform for investigating complex disease mechanisms and evaluating drug efficacy and toxicity.Although it demonstrates broad application prospects,its development still faces critical bottlenecks,including inadequate physiological coupling between organs,short functional maintenance durations,and limited real-time monitoring capabilities.Contemporary research is advancing along three key directions,including functional coupling,sensor integration,and full-process automation systems,to propel the technology toward enhanced levels of physiological relevance and predictive accuracy.展开更多
基金supported by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(1-WZ1Y,1-W34U,4-YWER).
摘要Recent years have witnessed transformative changes brought about by artificial intelligence(AI)techniques with billions of parameters for the realization of high accuracy,proposing high demand for the advanced and AI chip to solve these AI tasks efficiently and powerfully.Rapid progress has been made in the field of advanced chips recently,such as the development of photonic computing,the advancement of the quantum processors,the boost of the biomimetic chips,and so on.Designs tactics of the advanced chips can be conducted with elaborated consideration of materials,algorithms,models,architectures,and so on.Though a few reviews present the development of the chips from their unique aspects,reviews in the view of the latest design for advanced and AI chips are few.Here,the newest development is systematically reviewed in the field of advanced chips.First,background and mechanisms are summarized,and subsequently most important considerations for co-design of the software and hardware are illustrated.Next,strategies are summed up to obtain advanced and AI chips with high excellent performance by taking the important information processing steps into consideration,after which the design thought for the advanced chips in the future is proposed.Finally,some perspectives are put forward.
摘要Figure 6(a)in the paper[Chin.Phys.B 33074203(2024)]was incorrect due to editorial oversight.The correct figure is provided.This modification does not affect the result presented in the paper.
基金supported by the central government and guides local funds for science and technology development(2022ZY0109).
摘要The naturally fermented Inner Mongolian cheese’s flavor and nutritional value make it a popular choice among customers.In this work,to create multi-functional peptides that have taste and biological activity,peptidomics and bioinformatics were used to screen flavor peptides from Inner Mongolian cheese and further assess their antioxidant and angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory properties.According to sensory data,YH8 and IL7 had detectable bitter tastes with low thresholds of 0.03 and 0.06 mmol/L,respectively.With an umami threshold range of 0.24‒0.81 mmol/L,VQ6,FK13,HP13 and QT14 exhibited a range of flavors dominated by umami,including sweet,bitter,salty,sour and kokumi.Antioxidant activity wise,YH8,VQ6,HP13 and QT14 were well represented.The above-mentioned peptides all had some ACE inhibitory effect.The bitter peptide IL7(IC50=0.08 mmol/L)had the highest level of ACE inhibitory activity,followed by YH8(IC50=0.33 mmol/L).These multi-functional peptides,which have been assessed for bioactive and taste features in Inner Mongolian cheese,may have positive impacts on health and harmonize the cheese’s overall flavor.These results suggest that some flavor peptides produced in fermented foods might be with bioactivities while providing a basis for the exploration and application of multi-functional peptides.
基金the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at University of Bisha for supporting this work through the Fast-Track Research Support Programthe Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar,KSA for funding this research work through the project number“NBU-FFR-2025-2903-09”.
摘要Network-on-Chip(NoC)systems are progressively deployed in connecting massively parallel megacore systems in the new computing architecture.As a result,application mapping has become an important aspect of performance and scalability,as current trends require the distribution of computation across network nodes/points.In this paper,we survey a large number of mapping and scheduling techniques designed for NoC architectures.This time,we concentrated on 3D systems.We take a systematic literature review approach to analyze existing methods across static,dynamic,hybrid,and machine-learning-based approaches,alongside preliminary AI-based dynamic models in recent works.We classify them into several main aspects covering power-aware mapping,fault tolerance,load-balancing,and adaptive for dynamic workloads.Also,we assess the efficacy of each method against performance parameters,such as latency,throughput,response time,and error rate.Key challenges,including energy efficiency,real-time adaptability,and reinforcement learning integration,are highlighted as well.To the best of our knowledge,this is one of the recent reviews that identifies both traditional and AI-based algorithms for mapping over a modern NoC,and opens research challenges.Finally,we provide directions for future work toward improved adaptability and scalability via lightweight learned models and hierarchical mapping frameworks.
基金financial support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52008039)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.2021JJ40592)support from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(Grant No.GRF#16208224).
摘要Real-time identification of rock chip size and shape distributions from muck images plays a critical role in intelligently optimizing cutterhead thrust and torque parameters for tunnel boring machines(TBM).However,complex light environments in field images are difficult to recognize via traditional methods.This paper proposes a U-Net-SAM framework integrating semantic segmentation and the vision foundation model—Segment Anything Model(SAM),combined with dropout-based uncertainty analysis,achieving efficient rock chip segmentation and parameter quantification.First,a U-Net is trained to identify the rock mass centroid as an automatic SAM prompt.Next,an overlap region optimization strategy based on Intersection over Union(IoU)and a noise filtering method is employed to tackle boundary blurring and particle adhesion.Finally,a Dropout layer is added to implement the committee-based uncertainty analysis model and quantify predictive uncertainty.Results show that:(1)U-Net-SAM improves mean F1-score and PA by 9.1%and 7.8%over U-Net;(2)A strong correlation between prediction standard deviation(SD)and error rate validates the proposed uncertainty quantification strategy.This framework provides reliable rock chip perception for intelligent TBM tunneling,with potential applications in other engineering scenarios.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health(UH3TR003274,UH3TR003274-S1,UG3TR005836,R01HL166522,R01CA282451,and R21HL168656)the US National Science Foundation(CISE-CNS-2225698 and CISE-CNS-2525091)+1 种基金the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative(2024-347836)the Brigham Research Institute。
摘要1.Introduction。Aging is a systemic and progressive challenge of significant societal,medical,and scientific urgency.With global populations aging rapidly,age-related diseases,such as neurodegeneration and cardiovascular dysfunction,are accelerating,underscoring the urgent need to understand the mechanisms of aging and develop effective interventions.The trending organ-on-a-chip(OoC)technology offers a powerful solution by recapitulating organ-or tissue-level functions.However,the applications of OoC in aging research remain limited,since most current systems are confined to models that simulate endpoint phenotypes rather than the dynamic evolution of aging itself.
基金supported by Yuelushan Laboratory Breeding Program(Grant No.YLS-2025-ZY02013)The Project of National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding(Grant No.NKLTCB202341)+4 种基金The New Variety Breeding Project of the Major Science and Technology Projects of Zhejiang(Grant No.2021C02065-1-3)Hunan Provincial Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project(Grant No.2025CX115)Key R&D Projects in Hainan Province(Grant No.ZDYF2023XDNY041)Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(Grant No.1630062022003)2024 Sanya Technology Stars Program(Grant No.2024KJFX022).
摘要Eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)is a globally important vegetable crop,renowned for its nutritional value and economic significance.It is abundant in bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins and chlorogenic acid,which have been associated with multiple health-promoting properties(Azuma et al.,2008;Gurbuz et al.,2018).Given its significant hybrid vigor,F1 hybrid varieties are widely preferred in commercial cultivation(Mistry et al.,2018).However,traditional breeding practices predominantly rely on phenotypic selection,a process that is not only labor-intensive but also time-consuming.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22202040)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(2022QNRC001)。
摘要Advances in stem cell biology and engineering have led to the development of organs-on-chips(OOCs)and organoids,which are in vitro models designed to emulate the structures and functions of human tissues in a more physiologically relevant manner than standard two-dimensional(2D)cultures do.After decades of technological progress,these models are now officially recognized tools in drug discovery and safety testing,with their roles evolving from bridging the gap between animal and human studies to validated approaches in reducing animal tests[1].Despite this great progress,only partial physiological structures and simplified functions can be recapitulated with current in vitro tissues,compelling us to seek more improvements in OOC and organoid construction methods.
摘要For decades,drug development and disease research have been constrained by the limitations of two-dimensional(2D)cell cultures and animal models.These systems,while foundational to early biomedical progress,fail to replicate the cellular complexity,tissue architecture,and dynamic physiological interactions of human biology,leading to high attrition rates in clinical trials and a critical gap between preclinical findings and real-world patient outcomes.Today,this impasse is being dismantled by two revolutionary technologies:organoids and organs-on-chips(OOCs),which offer unprecedented fidelity to human tissue function and disease pathology.These advanced models bridge the divide between in vitro simplicity and in vivo complexity,providing a window into human biology that was once inaccessible.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFB2008701).
摘要Wafer-scale fabrication of high-performance microelectro-mechanical systems(MEMS)bio/chemical sensing chips remains constrained by the absence of reliable methods for integrating high-performance nanomaterials into suspended MEMS architectures.Here,a wafer-level manufacturing strategy is presented that redefines the MEMS process flow as“film first,cantilever later.”Through kinetically controlled self-assembly,wet-chemically synthesized Pd/SnO2nanospheres are transferred as dense,uniform monolithic films onto 8-inch wafers.An HfO2interface passivation patterning technology resolves long-standing incompatibility between functional sensing films and silicon substrates,enabling precise patterning and reliable integration on suspended MEMS cantilevers.The resulting Pd/SnO2MEMS H2 chips are fabricated onto an 8-inch wafer,demonstrating high sensitivity and consistency.This approach overcomes long-standing wafer-level manufacturing challenges in the formation and patterning of high-performance nanomaterials film,establishing a fully integrated wafer-level process that fundamentally redefines the manufacturing route for tetramethylammonium hydroxide-resistant nanomaterial-based MEMS sensing chips.
基金support by the NextGenerationEU project PRIN2022-2022JRKETK-“BOHEMIAN”(versatile hybrid in-fiBer Optical-electrocHemical systEMs for wIdely Applicable bioseNsing)by the NextGenerationEU project“BIOMULTIMETRO”(BIO-sensori per MULTI-analiti in METRiche Opportune)。
摘要Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds(DLCs)rank among the most dangerous environmental contaminants affecting human health.Reliable and rapid detection tools for dioxins are,therefore,needed.To this end,as a proof-of-concept,a sensing strategy based on a machine learning(ML)algorithm combined with a nanoplasmonic biosensor chip is presented for the detection of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in water solutions.The dataset is generated by exploiting an aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)conjugated layer on a gold nanograting(GNG)plasmonic platform,fabricated on a polymethyl methacrylate substrate via electron-beam lithography and sputtering processes.The sensor system has been tested to detect three different types of dioxins-2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran,and 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl-achieving detection limits of 0.6,1.43,and 6.37 amol/L,respectively.The obtained concentration ranges are below the regulatory values for dioxins in drinking water.Furthermore,to study the AhR-GNG detection capabilities in a complex real-world scenario,the interactions have also been tested in simulated seawater.The proposed sensing approach exploits the distinct binding affinities of dioxins and DLCs for AhR,as monitored by the AhR-GNG biosensor,to train an ML-based tool for classifying various types of dioxins.This strategy,based on an innovative sensing interface(AhR-GNG),named the“MathMaterial sensing interface,”made it possible to identify/classify the three different dioxins tested in this work,both separately and in mixtures.The results showed that the development of ML-based nanoplasmonic biosensor tools for dioxin detection is better suited to realworld scenarios,where multiple types of these contaminants are co-present.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD0530902)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFA1107600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82272173)。
摘要Interorgan interactions are essential for organogenesis and maturation,with their dysregulation leading to developmental disorders.However,the ability of current physiologically relevant human models to recapitulate interorgan crosstalk during early developmental stages remains limited.Here,we develop a trans-germ-layer codevelopment organoid chip(TGCO-Chip)that enables the coemergence of two interconnected distinct organoids from a common upstream-lineage stem cell aggregate under well-controlled biochemical conditions.Specifically,we established a human pluripotent stem cell-derived heart-brain codevelopoid(HBC)model using a TGCO-Chip,and the codevelopoid recapitulated the developmental features of the heart and brain,including cell lineages,tissue architecture,and functionality.Furthermore,codevelopoids emulate neural projections to cardiac tissues and their regulatory effects during the early developmental stage of organogenesis.Compared with the interconnected heart-heart organoids,the neural compartment significantly increased the average cardiac beating rates and contraction amplitudes.Transcriptomic analysis confirmed that neural compartments in HBCs promoted cardiac differentiation and maturation.Overall,the TGCO-Chip platform provides an innovative tool for bioengineering multiorganoid complexes derived from shared progenitor lineages.Codevelopoids hold immense potential for applications in developmental biology,disease modeling,and regenerative medicine and can provide unprecedented insights into the dynamic interactions between different cell lineages and tissues.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFA0915200,2023YFA0915204)the Equipment Research and Development Projects of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.PTYQ2024YZ0010)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Project(No.XTCX-KJ-2024-038)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(No.H2024206249)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZC20232838)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.22S31901700).
摘要The implementation of multiple pathogen testing is essential for a rapid response to future outbreaks and for reducing disease transmission.This study introduces a 96-channel microfluidic chip,fabricated through a molding process,which enables the batch detection of pathogens.It explores the rapid lysis and elution processes of pathogens within the microfluidic chips to ensure that nucleic acid extraction,elution,and amplification are completed entirely within the chip.This chip can extract nucleic acids from samples in just 10 min,achieving an extraction efficiency comparable to that of traditional in-tube methods.An oil phase is pre-loaded into the chip to effectively prevent aerosol contamination.This approach allows for the simultaneous detection of 21 common respiratory pathogens,with a detection limit of 10 copies per reaction.Furthermore,applications involving clinical samples demonstrate significant practicality.Compared to many traditional in-tube pathogen detection methods and molecular biology technologies that utilize microfluidic chips,this detection chip not only enables simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens but also demonstrates high sensitivity.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of High performance Precision Manufacturing(No.HPMKF202412)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LZ25E050001)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52275294)the Zhejiang Provincial‘Pioneer Leading Swan+X’Science and Technology Program(No.2025C02122),China.
摘要Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are cells that become detached from a primary tumor and enter the vascular or lymphatic system.These cells contain nearly the entire genetic information of the primary tumor.Enrichment and detection of CTCs play a crucial role in prognostications and risk assessments of tumor metastasis and recurrence,evaluation of efficacy and potential medications for precision tumor therapy,and detection of dynamic biomarkers during tumor treatment.Current methods of CTC capture often face the challenge of balancing capture rate and purity.To address these issues,we propose a microfluidic biochip based on the principle of immunoaffinity,which incorporates a herringbone microchannel and deterministic lateral displacement(DLD)technology for the capture of CTCs.By manipulating the internal structural design of the microfluidic chip,we optimized the flow field within the chip,thereby enhancing the contact frequency between cells and aptamers and ultimately improving the capture rate.The proposed chip demonstrated a capture efficiency of approximately 91.87%for human breast cancer cells(MCF7),with a release rate of 77.5%.The relative activity of the released cells was approximately 94.08%.Notably,the specificity of the aptamers toward tumor cell surface antigens enables high-purity capture.Additionally,the use of DNA enzymes to digest aptamers facilitates the release of high-activity CTCs,offering a method to simultaneously achieve a high capture rate,purity,and activity enrichment.
摘要Lysosomes are important organelles involved in intracellular degradation and nutrition-dependent signal transduction.While existing studies have primarily focused on lysosomal pH changes during processes such as lysosomal membrane damage leading to cell death,investigations into lysosomal pH alterations during cell invasion have been largely overlooked.Here,we present a method to analyze lysosomal pH changes during cancer cell invasion using a microfluidic chip-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)technique for real-time imaging.Our customdesigned microfluidic chip simulated the cell invasion process,enabling simultaneous,real-time,and in situ SERS monitoring of cells exhibiting varying degrees of invasion and migration.The synthesized pH nanoprobe is based on 4-MPy-modified gold−silver core−shell nanoparticles,boasting good biocompatibility,a high SERS enhancement effect,and subcellular-level targeted monitoring capabilities.Through our SERS microfluidic chip,we observed a slight decrease in lysosomal pH and a slight increase in extracellular pH,with lysosomes predominantly located in the cell periphery during cell invasion.This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between lysosomes and cancer metastasis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62205030)the R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(No.KM202211232019).
摘要To achieve continuous demodulation,high precision,and high resolution in the C-band,this paper designs,simulates and prepares a 30-channel array waveguide grating(AWG)based on a silicon dioxide planar optical circuit for fiber Bragg grating(FBG)interrogation and couples the prepared AWG with a photodetector array using hybrid integration technology.The test results indicate that the AWG has a good transmission spectrum,a 3 dB bandwidth of 2.15 nm,an insertion loss of approximately 3.6–4.2 dB,and crosstalk of less than−30 dB.The FBG interrogation system can achieve continuous demodulation in the dynamic range of 1521–1569 nm,and realize continuous demodulation in the C-band with a wavelength resolution of 1 pm and a demodulation accuracy of 5.8 pm.This demodulation method provides an optimization direction for researching FBG interrogation systems based on AWGs.
摘要We are sorry for the mistakes of Affiliation,"a State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials,Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China"should be replaced by"a State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials,Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials,College of Materials Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China".We apologized for the inconvenience caused by this error.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(Grant No.A2303049)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research(Grant No.2023A1515010647)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22004135)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.RCBS20210706092409020,GXWD20201231165807008,20200824162253002).
摘要Multi-organ-on-a-chip(MOOC)technology represents a pivotal direction in the organ-on-a-chip field,seeking to emulate the complex interactions of multiple human organs in vitro through microfluidic systems.This technology overcomes the limitations of traditional single-organ models,providing a novel platform for investigating complex disease mechanisms and evaluating drug efficacy and toxicity.Although it demonstrates broad application prospects,its development still faces critical bottlenecks,including inadequate physiological coupling between organs,short functional maintenance durations,and limited real-time monitoring capabilities.Contemporary research is advancing along three key directions,including functional coupling,sensor integration,and full-process automation systems,to propel the technology toward enhanced levels of physiological relevance and predictive accuracy.