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Design of Serially Concatenated Two-Level Polar Coded Modulation System with Low-Complexity 认领 引用
1
作者 Zhou Lin Liao Guojun +3 位作者 Xu Lei An Ran Xie Xianzhong Wang Xi 《China Communications》 SCIE EI CSCD 2025年第1期102-110,共9页
Multilevel coding(MLC)is a commonly used polar coded modulation scheme,but challenging to implement in engineering due to its high complexity and long decoding delay for high-order modulations.To address these limitat... Multilevel coding(MLC)is a commonly used polar coded modulation scheme,but challenging to implement in engineering due to its high complexity and long decoding delay for high-order modulations.To address these limitations,a novel two-level serially concatenated MLC scheme,in which the bitlevels with similar reliability are bundled and transmitted together,is proposed.The proposed scheme hierarchically protects the two bit-level sets:the bitlevel sets at the higher level are sufficiently reliable and do not require excessive resources for protection,whereas only the bit-level sets at the lower level are encoded by polar codes.The proposed scheme has the advantages of low power consumption,low delay and high reliability.Moreover,an optimized constellation signal labeling rule that can enhance the performance is proposed.Finally,the superiority of the proposed scheme is validated through the theoretical analysis and simulation results.Compared with the bit interleaving coding modulation(BICM)scheme,under 256-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM),the proposed scheme attains a performance gain of 1.0 dB while reducing the decoding complexity by 54.55%. 展开更多
关键词 bit-interleaved coded modulation high-order modulation multilevel coding polar codes
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Improved partial response maximum likelihood method combining modulation code for signal waveform modulation multi-level disc 认领 引用
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作者 王鹤群 裴京 潘龙法 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2014年第10期213-219,共7页
In this paper, we describe an improved adaptive partial response maximum likelihood （PRML） method combining modulation code tbr signal waveform modulation multi-level disc. This improved adaptive PRML method employs... In this paper, we describe an improved adaptive partial response maximum likelihood （PRML） method combining modulation code tbr signal waveform modulation multi-level disc. This improved adaptive PRML method employs partial response equalizer and adaptive viterbi detector combining modulation code. Compared with the traditional adaptive PRML detector, the improved PRML detector additionally employs illogical sequence detector and corrector. Illogical sequence detector and corrector can aw）id the appearance of illogical sequences effectively, which do not follow the law of modulation code for signal waveform modulation multi-level disc, and obtain the correct sequences. We implement the improved PRML detector using a DSP and an FPGA chip. The experimental results show good performance. The higher efficient and lower complexity can be obtained by using the improved PRML method than by using the previous PRML method. Meanwhile, resource utilization of the improved PRML detector is not changed, but the bit error rate （BER） is reduced by more than 20%. 展开更多
关键词 multi-level disc signal waveform modulation viterbi detector partial response maximum likeli-hood
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AN ITERATIVE RELIABILITY-BASED DECODING FOR LDPC CODED MODULATION SYSTEM 认领 引用
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作者 Huang Ping Zhao Chunming Jiang Ming 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2008年第3期289-293,共5页
In this paper, A Belief Propagation concatenated Orderd-Statistic Decoder (BP-OSD) based on accumulated Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR) is proposed for medium and short lengths Low Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes coded B... In this paper, A Belief Propagation concatenated Orderd-Statistic Decoder (BP-OSD) based on accumulated Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR) is proposed for medium and short lengths Low Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes coded Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) systems. The accumulated soft output values delivered by every BP iteration are used as reliability values of Soft-Input Soft-Output OSD (SISO-OSD) decoder and the soft output of SISO-OSD is used as a priori probabilities of the demodulator for the next iteration. Simulation results show that this improved algorithm achieves noticeable performance gain with only modest increase in computation complexity. 展开更多
关键词 Low-Density Parity-Check （LDPC） codes Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation （BICM） Belief Propagation （BP） Soft-Input Soft-Output Ordered Statistics Decoding （SISO-OSD） Log- Likelihood Ratio （LLR）
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Design of Irregular QC-LDPC Code Based Multi-Level Coded Modulation Scheme for High Speed Optical Communication Systems 认领 引用 被引量：8
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作者 Liqian Wang Dongdong Wang +3 位作者 Yongjing Ni Xue Chen Midou Cui Fu Yang 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2019年第5期106-120,共15页
In this paper, we focus on the design of irregular QC-LDPC code based multi-level coded modulation(MLCM) scheme by jointly optimizing the component code rate and the degree distribution of the irregular QC-LDPC compon... In this paper, we focus on the design of irregular QC-LDPC code based multi-level coded modulation(MLCM) scheme by jointly optimizing the component code rate and the degree distribution of the irregular QC-LDPC component code. Firstly, the sub-channel capacities of MLCM systems is analyzed and discussed, based on which the optimal component code rate can be obtained. Secondly, an extrinsic information transfer chart based two-stage searching algorithm is proposed to find the good irregular QC-LDPC code ensembles with optimal component code rates for their corresponding sub-channels. Finally, by constructing the irregular QC-LDPC component codes from the designed ensembles with the aim of possibly enlarging the girth and reducing the number of the shortest cycles, the designed irregular QC-LDPC code based 16QAM and 64QAM MLCM systems can achieve 0.4 dB and 1.2 dB net coding gain, respectively, compared with the recently proposed regular QC-LDPC code based 16QAM and 64QAM MLCM systems. 展开更多
关键词 quasi-cyclic low-density parity check (QC-LDPC) code irregular, extrinsic information transfer(EXIT) chart generalized mutual information(GMI) multi-level coded modulation(MLCM)
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Realtime robust speech communication based on iterative joint source-channel decoding and demodulation algorithm for MELP vocoder 认领 引用
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作者 彭坦 Cui Huijuan Tang Kun 《High Technology Letters》 EI CAS 2010年第2期111-116,共6页
Realtime speech communications require high efficient compression algorithms to encode speech signals. As the compressed speech parameters are highly sensitive to transmission errors, robust source and channel decodin... Realtime speech communications require high efficient compression algorithms to encode speech signals. As the compressed speech parameters are highly sensitive to transmission errors, robust source and channel decoding and demodulation schemes are both important and of practical use. In this paper, an it- erative joint souree-channel decoding and demodulation algorithm is proposed for mixed excited linear pre- diction （MELP） vocoder by both exploiting the residual redundancy and passing soft information through- out the receiver while introducing systematic global iteration process to further enhance the performance. Being fully compatible with existing transmitter structure, the proposed algorithm does not introduce addi- tional bandwidth expansion and transmission delay. Simulations show substantial error correcting perfor- mance and synthesized speech quality improvement over conventional separate designed systems in delay and bandwidth constraint channels by using the joint source-channel decoding and demodulation （JSCCM） algorithm. 展开更多
关键词 speech coding joint souree-channel coding and modulation （JSCCM） iterative decoding
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A NEW LABELING SEARCH ALGORITHM FOR BIT-INTERLEAVED CODED MODULATION WITH ITERATIVE DECODING 认领 引用
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作者 Zou Xuelan Feng Guangzeng 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2008年第1期59-64,共6页
Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation with Iterative Decoding (BICM-ID) is a bandwidth ef- ficient transmission, where the bit error rate is reduced through the iterative information exchange between the inner demapper and... Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation with Iterative Decoding (BICM-ID) is a bandwidth ef- ficient transmission, where the bit error rate is reduced through the iterative information exchange between the inner demapper and the outer decoder. The choice of the symbol mapping is the crucial design parameter. This paper indicates that the Harmonic Mean of the Minimum Squared Euclidean (HMMSE) distance is the best criterion for the mapping design. Based on the design criterion of the HMMSE distance, a new search algorithm to find the optimized labeling maps for BICM-ID system is proposed. Numerical results and performance comparison show that the new labeling search method has a low complexity and outperforms other labeling schemes using other design criterion in BICM-ID system, therefore it is an optimized labeling method. 展开更多
关键词 Symbol labeling Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation （BICM） Iterative Decoding （ID） Harmonic Mean of the Minimum Squared Euclidean （HMMSE） distance
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Study on the Optimized Demodulation and Decoding of the BICM-ID system coded with LDPC 认领 引用
7
《International English Education Research》 2013年第12期141-144,共4页
The demodulation and decoding solution commonly used in the bit interleaving code modulation and the LDPC coded demodulation and decoding system of the iterative decoding （BICM-ID） is to report the soft information ... The demodulation and decoding solution commonly used in the bit interleaving code modulation and the LDPC coded demodulation and decoding system of the iterative decoding （BICM-ID） is to report the soft information output from the decoder of the receiver to the demodulator as priori information for completing the decoding. However, this will give rise to the reduction of the minimum Euclidean distances between codes, so that the performances of the system decline under non-fading Gaussian channel. According to this problem, an optimized iterative demodulation decoding solution is proposed and also is analyzed using simulation. The result shows that this solution can improve the demodulation and decoding performances of LDPC coded modulation and demodulation system. 展开更多
关键词 Low-density Parity Check Code Bit Interleaving Code Modulation Iterative Demodulation and Decoding
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Feedback Stabilization over Wireless Network Using Adaptive Coded Modulation 认领 引用 被引量：6
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作者 Li Yang Xin-Ping Guan +1 位作者 Cheng-Nian Long Xiao-Yuan Luo 《International Journal of Automation and computing》 2008年第4期381-388,共8页
In this paper,we apply adaptive coded modulation (ACM) schemes to a wireless networked control system (WNCS) to improve the energy efficiency and increase the data rate over a fading channel.To capture the characteris... In this paper,we apply adaptive coded modulation (ACM) schemes to a wireless networked control system (WNCS) to improve the energy efficiency and increase the data rate over a fading channel.To capture the characteristics of varying rate, interference,and routing in wireless transmission channels,the concepts of equivalent delay (ED) and networked condition index (NCI) are introduced.Also,the analytic lower and upper bounds of EDs are obtained.Furthermore,we model the WNCS as a multicontroller switched system (MSS) under consideration of EDs and loss index in the wireless transmission.Sufficient stability condition of the closed-loop WNCS and corresponding dynamic state feedback controllers are derived in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI). Numerical results show the validity and advantage of our proposed control strategies. 展开更多
关键词 Wireless networked control system (WNCS) adaptive coded modulation (ACM) equivalent delay (ED) networked condition index (NCI) multicontroller switched system (MSS) stability.
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SR-DCSK Cooperative Communication System with Code Index Modulation:A New Design for 6G New Radios 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 Yi Fang Wang Chen +2 位作者 Pingping Chen Yiwei Tao Mohsen Guizani 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第10期1-16,共16页
This paper proposes a high-throughput short reference differential chaos shift keying cooperative communication system with the aid of code index modulation,referred to as CIM-SR-DCSK-CC system.In the proposed CIM-SR-... This paper proposes a high-throughput short reference differential chaos shift keying cooperative communication system with the aid of code index modulation,referred to as CIM-SR-DCSK-CC system.In the proposed CIM-SR-DCSK-CC system,the source transmits information bits to both the relay and destination in the first time slot,while the relay not only forwards the source information bits but also sends new information bits to the destination in the second time slot.To be specific,the relay employs an N-order Walsh code to carry additional log2N information bits,which are superimposed onto the SRDCSK signal carrying the decoded source information bits.Subsequently,the superimposed signal carrying both the source and relay information bits is transmitted to the destination.Moreover,the theoretical bit error rate(BER)expressions of the proposed CIMSR-DCSK-CC system are derived over additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN)and multipath Rayleigh fading channels.Compared with the conventional DCSKCC system and SR-DCSK-CC system,the proposed CIM-SR-DCSK-CC system can significantly improve the throughput without deteriorating any BER performance.As a consequence,the proposed system is very promising for the applications of the 6G-enabled lowpower and high-rate communication. 展开更多
关键词 differential chaos shift keying cooperative communication short reference code index modulation high throughput bit error rate
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Study of adaptive modulation and LDPC coding in multicarrier systems 认领 引用 被引量：3
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作者 Huo Yongqing Peng Qicong Shao Huaizong 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI 2008年第1期39-45,共7页
An adaptive modulation(AM)algorithm is proposed and the application of the adapting algorithm together with low-density parity-check(LDPC)codes in multicarrier systems is investigated.The AM algorithm is based on mini... An adaptive modulation(AM)algorithm is proposed and the application of the adapting algorithm together with low-density parity-check(LDPC)codes in multicarrier systems is investigated.The AM algorithm is based on minimizing the average bit error rate(BER)of systems,the combination of AM algorithm and LDPC codes with different code rates(half and three-fourths)are studied.The proposed AM algorithm with that of Fischer et al is compared.Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed AM algorithm is better than that of the Fischer's algorithm.The results also show that application of the proposed AM algorithm together with LDPC codes can greatly improve the performance of multicarrier systems.Results also show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is degraded with an increase in code rate when code length is the same. 展开更多
关键词 multicarrier adaptive modulation low-density parity-check coding bit error rate.
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Optimization of Mapping Rule of Bit-Interleaved Turbo Coded Modulation with 16QAM 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 FEI Ze-song YANG Yu +1 位作者 LIU Lin-nan KUANG Jing-ming 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 2005年第1期18-21,共4页
Optimization of mapping rule of bit-interleaved Turbo coded modulation with 16 quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM)is investigated based on different impacts of various encoded bits sequence on Turbo decoding performa... Optimization of mapping rule of bit-interleaved Turbo coded modulation with 16 quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM)is investigated based on different impacts of various encoded bits sequence on Turbo decoding performance.Furthermore,bit-interleaved in-phase and quadrature phase(I-Q)Turbo coded modulation scheme are designed similarly with I-Q trellis coded modulation(TCM).Through performance evaluation and analysis,it can be seen that the novel mapping rule outperforms traditional one and the I-Q Turbo coded modulation can not achieve good performance as expected.Therefore,there is not obvious advantage in using I-Q method in bit-interleaved Turbo coded modulation. 展开更多
关键词 binary Turbo coded modulation quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM) mapping rule in-phase and quadrature(I-Q)coded modulation
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Read channel for signal waveform modulation multi-level disc 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 王鹤群 徐海峥 +1 位作者 潘龙法 刘海龙 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS 2010年第12期334-338,共5页
A novel read channel for signal waveform modulation multi-level disc is presented in this paper. This read channel employs timing recovery system and partial response maximum likelihood detector. Compared to the previ... A novel read channel for signal waveform modulation multi-level disc is presented in this paper. This read channel employs timing recovery system and partial response maximum likelihood detector. Compared to the previous read channel composed of level detection and run-length detection, the present read channel shows superiority in capacity increase and robust performance. Especially, relying on the partial response maximum likelihood detection, lower bit error rate can be obtained. 展开更多
关键词 multi-level disc signal waveform modulation read channel partial response maximum likelihood
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Low Complexity Minimum Mean Square Error Channel Estimation for Adaptive Coding and Modulation Systems 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 GUO Shuxia SONG Yang +1 位作者 GAO Ying HAN Qianjin 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2014年第1期126-137,共12页
Performance of the Adaptive Coding and Modulation(ACM) strongly depends on the retrieved Channel State Information(CSI),which can be obtained using the channel estimation techniques relying on pilot symbol transmissio... Performance of the Adaptive Coding and Modulation(ACM) strongly depends on the retrieved Channel State Information(CSI),which can be obtained using the channel estimation techniques relying on pilot symbol transmission.Earlier analysis of methods of pilot-aided channel estimation for ACM systems were relatively little.In this paper,we investigate the performance of CSI prediction using the Minimum Mean Square Error(MMSE)channel estimator for an ACM system.To solve the two problems of MMSE:high computational operations and oversimplified assumption,we then propose the Low-Complexity schemes(LC-MMSE and Recursion LC-MMSE(R-LC-MMSE)).Computational complexity and Mean Square Error(MSE) are presented to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.Both analysis and numerical results show that LC-MMSE performs close to the wellknown MMSE estimator with much lower complexity and R-LC-MMSE improves the application of MMSE estimation to specific circumstances. 展开更多
关键词 adaptive coding and modulation channel estimation minimum mean square error low-complexity minimum mean square error
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Index modulation aided generalized space-time block coding:A unified MIMO framework 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Zhiqin Wang Hui Liu +3 位作者 Lixia Xiao Liuke Li Guochao Song Tao Jiang 《Digital Communications and Networks》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第5期1459-1470,共12页
In this paper,Index Modulation(IM)aided Generalized Space-Time Block Coding(GSTBC)is proposed,which intrinsically exploits the benefits of IM concept,diversity gain and spatial multiplexing gain.Specifically,the infor... In this paper,Index Modulation(IM)aided Generalized Space-Time Block Coding(GSTBC)is proposed,which intrinsically exploits the benefits of IM concept,diversity gain and spatial multiplexing gain.Specifically,the information bits are partitioned into U groups,with each being modulated by IM symbols(i.e.Spatial Modulation(SM),Quadrature SM(QSM),etc).Next,the structure of GSTBC is invoked for each K IM symbol,and a total ofμ=U/K GSTBC codes are transmitted via T time slots.A Block Expectation Propagation(B-EP)detector is designed for the proposed IM-GSTBC structure.Moreover,the theoretical Average Bit Error Probability(ABEP)is derived for our IM-GSTBC system,which is confirmed by the simulation results and helpful for performance evaluation.Simulation results show that our proposed IM-GSTBC system is capable of striking an efficient trade-off between spatial multiplexing gain,spatial diversity gain as well as implementation cost imposed for both small-scale and large-scale MIMO antenna configurations. 展开更多
关键词 Index modulation(IM) Generalized space time block coding(GSTBC) Spatial multiplexing gain Diversity gain Block expectation propagation(B-EP)
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Dual Adaptive Turbo Coded Modulation for Integrated Multimedia Service Transmission 认领 引用
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作者 左健存 宋文涛 +1 位作者 罗汉文 徐友云 《Journal of Donghua University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2004年第1期72-77,共6页
This paper proposes a cross-layer dual adaptive coded modulation architecture using turbo codes for mobile multimedia communication, which adapts to both the varying channel characteristics and the QoS of various mult... This paper proposes a cross-layer dual adaptive coded modulation architecture using turbo codes for mobile multimedia communication, which adapts to both the varying channel characteristics and the QoS of various multimedia services simultancously to increase the average system throughput substantially. A pragmatic channeladaptive turbo coded modulation schcme, which comes within 2.5 dB of the Shannon limit, is optimally designed, and then a QoS-adaptive scheme is superimposed to build the dual adaptive architecture. Simulation results show that the novel dual adaption reduces the gap from the fading channel capacity to 2 dB when assuming different services occur in equal probability and the service duration follows exponential distribution. 展开更多
关键词 Dual adaption Turbo coded modulation Fading channels Multimedia services Spectral efficiency
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A channel- and QoS-adaptive turbo coded modulation architecture for mobile multimedia communication 认领 引用
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作者 左健存 Song Wentao +1 位作者 Luo Hanwen Xu Youyun 《High Technology Letters》 EI CAS 2009年第1期80-84,共5页
This paper proposed a cross-layer dual adaptive coded modulation architecture using turbo codes for mobile muhimedia communication, which simultaneously adapted to both the varying channel characteristics and the qual... This paper proposed a cross-layer dual adaptive coded modulation architecture using turbo codes for mobile muhimedia communication, which simultaneously adapted to both the varying channel characteristics and the quality of service （QoS） of various mobile multimedia services to increase the average system throughput substantially. A pragmatic channel-adaptive turbo coded modulation scheme, which comes within 2.5dB of the Shannon limit, was optimally designed, and then a QoS-adaptive scheme was superimposed to build the dual adaptive architecture. Simulation results show that the novel dual adaption reduces the difference with the fading channel capacity to 2dB when assuming different services occur in equal probability and the service duration follows the exponential distribution. 展开更多
关键词 dual adaption turbo coded modulation fading channels multimedia services spectral efficiency
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Error code analysis and selection principle of M-ary modulation in network-based control systems 认领 引用
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作者 赵顺利 尹逊和 +1 位作者 魏学业 H. K. LAM 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第6期1372-1382,共11页
Error codes induced by M-ary modulation and modulation selection in network-based control systems are studied.It is the first time the issue of error codes induced by M-ary modulation is addressed in control field.In ... Error codes induced by M-ary modulation and modulation selection in network-based control systems are studied.It is the first time the issue of error codes induced by M-ary modulation is addressed in control field.In network-based control systems,error codes induced by noisy channel can significantly decrease the quality of control.To solve this problem,the network-based control system with delay and noisy channel is firstly modeled as an asynchronous dynamic system(ADS).Secondly,conditions of packet with error codes(PEC)loss rate by using M-ary modulation are obtained based on dynamic output feedback scheme.Thirdly,more importantly,the selection principle of M-ary modulation is proposed according to the measured signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and conditions of PEC loss rate.Finally,system stability is analyzed and controller is designed through Lyapunov function and linear matrix inequality(LMI)scheme,and numerical simulations are made to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. 展开更多
关键词 network-based control system asynchronous dynamic system （ADS） M-ary modulation delay error code linear matrix inequality （LMI）
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Pragmatic Approach to Adaptive Turbo Coded Modulation 认领 引用
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作者 左健存 宋文涛 +1 位作者 罗汉文 徐友云 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 EI 2003年第4期20-24,94,共5页
This paper presents a pragmatic adaptive scheme for TuCM over slowly fading channels. The adaptive scheme employs a single turbo coded modulator composed of a variable-rate turbo encoder and a variable-rate variable-p... This paper presents a pragmatic adaptive scheme for TuCM over slowly fading channels. The adaptive scheme employs a single turbo coded modulator composed of a variable-rate turbo encoder and a variable-rate variable-power MQAM for all fading regions, so it has an acceptable complexity to implement. The optimal adaptive TuCM scheme is determined subject to various system constraints. Simulations have been performed to measure the performance of the scheme for different parameters. It is shown that adopting both the turbo coded modulator and the transmit power achieves a performance within 2.5 dB of the fading channel capacity. 展开更多
关键词 adaptive turbo coded modulation fading channels spectral efficiency.
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Adaptive Modulation and Coding Based on Fuzzy Logic Cognitive Engine 认领 引用
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作者 张闯 赵洪林 贾敏 《Journal of Donghua University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2015年第1期30-34,共5页
Adaptive modulation and coding( AMC) which depends on channel state information( CSI) can make the modulation and coding scheme( MCS) for the sender changed, and make the spectrum efficiency enhanced. The traditional ... Adaptive modulation and coding( AMC) which depends on channel state information( CSI) can make the modulation and coding scheme( MCS) for the sender changed, and make the spectrum efficiency enhanced. The traditional method of AMC establishes a lookup table of MCSs at first,and then the sender chooses the proper MCS according to the CSI from feedback channel. However,this method is not suitable for frequency selective and fast fading channel. Thus, a method based on fuzzy logic cognitive engine is proposed in this paper. The type of channel is recognized by the fuzzy logic cognitive engine,then the MCSs are modified to suit for the channel type. The simulation results show that the proposed method is more suitable for frequency selective and fast fading channel. And it is more reliability under the condition of meeting the bit error rate( BER). 展开更多
关键词 adaptive modulation and coding(AMC) channel state information(CSI) modulation and coding scheme(MCS) fuzzy logic
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Performance analysis and code recognition for dual N-ary orthogonal hybrid modulation systems 认领 引用
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作者 乔晓强 Zhao Hangsheng Cai Yueming 《High Technology Letters》 EI CAS 2008年第2期113-117,共5页
A dual N-ary orthogonal hybrid modulation system is introduced in this paper, which can increase the data rate greatly compared with conventional N-ary orthogonal spread spectrum system, so it can be used for high rat... A dual N-ary orthogonal hybrid modulation system is introduced in this paper, which can increase the data rate greatly compared with conventional N-ary orthogonal spread spectrum system, so it can be used for high rate data communication. Then, three code recognition algorithms are presented for dual N-ary orthogonal hybrid modulation system and the analytic bit error rate （BER） performance of the system in additive white Gaussian noise （AWGN） and fiat Rayleigh fading channel is derived. Finally, the computer simulation of the system with three code recognition algorithms is performed, which shows that the simplified maximum a posteriori （MAP） algorithm is the best for the system with a compromise between the performance and the complexity. 展开更多
关键词 code recognition N-ary orthogonal spread spectrum hybrid modulation MAP （maxi-mum a posteriori） algorithm
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